networkers 2001 metro optical - opt-210
TRANSCRIPT
2© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Next Generation Optical Networking
Peter TomsuSenior Consultant EMEA
Next_gen_opt_netw_09_01 © 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. 333
Agenda
• Demands and Scalable Services• Service POP• Metro Solutions• Core Solutions• Optical Control Planes• Management• Summary
4© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Demands and Scalable Services
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IP+OpticalCombining All the Elements
IP PlatformsIP Platforms• Adding DWDM/fiber
interfacesto IP platforms
Unified Control Unified Control PlanePlane• Bringing IP intelligence
to optical networks through
Optical PlatformsOptical Platforms• Adding Packet Technology
to optical platforms
Network ManagementNetwork Management• Integrating IP and Optical
elements into a commonframework
IP + OpticalIP + Optical
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IP+Optical Architectural Overview
ServicePoP
Metro NetworkConnects Customers
to Services
Core NetworkInterconnects PoPs
Physical RingsLogically Hub and Spoke
Fragmented MarketRapid Change
Physical Point-to-PointLogically Peered
Established Market
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The Internet Economy
• Internet changing every business relationship
• Requires seamless extension of internet applications throughout and beyond the enterprise
• Reduces costs to enable next generation economics
© 2000, Cisco Systems, Inc.
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Pre Internet Traffic Patterns
• Most service requests satisfied within building or campus• Only 20% left campus like email, file transfer,…
Point of Presence(POP)
Point of Presence(POP)
Point of Presence(POP)
20%
80%
CoreMetro
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Internet Traffic Patterns
• Today 80% of traffic stays within metro areas• 20% of traffic moves between metro areas
Point of Presence(POP)
Point of Presence(POP)
Point of Presence(POP)
20%
CoreMetro
80%
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Evolution of Interconnect
Service PoP
ASP/SSP
Caching
Video Servers
Local Content
Distributed Load Balancing
Service PoP
Metro Network Core Network
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Issues in the Metro Network
• Connecting users to IP-based services
• Reducing cost of per-user provisioning
• Service velocity (turning up connections quickly)
• Addressing last mile limitations
• Ensuring standards
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Issues in the Core Network
• Meeting Internet demand for high-capacity circuits (especially 2.5 and 10Gbps)
• Service velocity (turning up b/w quickly)
• How to switch DWDM-scale traffic volumes
• Cost of switching• Ensuring standards
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Data Center
ContentAggregation
Private andPublic Peering
Tier 1/2/3 Data Center Backbone—Exodus, Abovenet, Digex, Concentric, AOL, Qwest, Level 3, UUNET
Transit
Data Center
Content Aggregation
Peering
Data Center
Content Aggregation
Transit
Content Aggregation—Portal Companies Such as Yahoo, Geocities, LYCOS, Excite, Hotmail, Amazon, Ebay, AOL, DOT-COM Companies
Internet Service Provider “Overview”
Peering
Tier 1 Transit Backbone—UUNET, Cable and Wireless, Sprint, Global Crossing, Qwest, Level 3, PAIX, Pacific Bell, NAPs
14© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Service POP
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• DWDM for POP Interconnects
DWDM
IP Edge Aggregation IP Core Optical Core
OC-48c/STM-16c OC-192c/STM-64c
Customer Aggregation
T1 DS3E1 E3
OC-3/STM-1 OC-12c/STM-4c
GigE FastE
Typical over-Subscription RateAccess to Uplink
1:1 for OC-3/STM-13:1 for DS3/DS1
Basic POP Design
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Transport Network
2.5G–10G POS Links
POINT OFPOLICY
OC-3/12c/48c POS(STM-1/4c/16c)
POP Configuration Using POS
Internet Backbone
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Ethernet Intra-POP
GE/FE Links
OC-48c/STM-16cPOS
Gigabit Ethernet
Fast Ethernet Links
OC-48c/STM-16cPOS
Internet Backbone Internet Backbone
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Ethernet Data Center Intra-POP
OC-48c/STM-16c
Fast Ethernet Links
Servers
Gigabit Ethernet Links
Internet Backbone
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Internet Backbone
OC-48c DPT
“Super POP”High Density/Speed Access
Edge Routers
PoS/ATM/DS3/GigE to Customer Sites
Another POP Design
OC-192c POS
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PeerISP
EBGP
TransitISP
EBGP
BGP Customer( Usually for dual-homing)
EBGP
Tran
sit
Peer
Tran
sit
Cust X
EBGP
Cust Y
Peer with Tier 1 ISP’s at Each POP
iBGP on AllRouters
OC-3/12c/48c/192c POS(STM-1/4c/16c/64c)
OC-3/12c/48c/192c POS(STM-1/4c/16c/64c)
IBGP Peers
Route Reflector
Routing Protocol Relationships
Static Route
Backbone(OSPF or ISIS and IBGP)
21© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Metro Solutions
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Roles of the Metro Network and Service PoP
• User to service delivery• Packets dominate• Many technologies and
topologies• Upstream aggregation
• IP and application aware• Increasing intelligence and
applications• Content rich service delivery• Forward traffic where appropriate
Metro Network ServicePoP
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Metro Access Solutions
• No single optimal aggregation method in metro spaceSONET / SDH infrastructure IP based delivery via Ethernet or DPTLeverage existing investment with integrating IP + ATM
• Goal is to combine them in most efficient way in SPOP by enabling IP control of these infrastructures
IP/DPT
SONET/SDH
IP+ATM
ServersContentSwitchSONET/SDH
PDH
Leased Lines
ATM
ISDN
Dial
ADSL
Cable
FTTH
Wireless
Content
Core
Access
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Traditional Metro TDM InfrastructureInternet Era
OC-48/STM-16
OC-12/STM-4OC-3/STM-1
Backbone Ring
BusinessRing
MetropolitanRing
3/3/1 or 4/3/1 Digital Cross Connect
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New Metro Infrastructure
GSR
GSR Regional Metro/IP
GSR
GSR
GSR
Metro
/IP A
cces
s Metro/IP Access
λ1
λ2
λ3
λ4
λ3λ1
λ2
λ4
DWDMBackbone Network
OC-3/12/48/192STM-1/4/16/48
Metropolitan Ring
OC-3/12/48/192STM-1/4/16/48Business Ring
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BusinessRing
MetropolitanRing
3/3/1 Digital Cross Connect
Backbone Ring
OC-48
OC-12OC-12
OC-3OC-3
OC-12OC-3
OC-48OC-48 OC-48
λ1
λ2
λ3
λ4
λ3λ1
λ2
λ4
Metro Network Solutions Metro DWDM
• Rapid service creation and deployment
• Scalable bandwidth growth
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Purpose Built DWDM 3 Key Missions
on Demand• Low-cost• OC48 POS, GigE• High bandwidth services
Extended Services Platform• Storage networking• Multiple GE delivery• Data center interconnect/enterprise
Next-Generation Optical Transport• Service density + DWDM• Plug and play multi-service• Low bandwidth services
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IP+OpticalMetro Evolution
Legacy SONET/SDH Era
Next Gen SONET/SDH
Ethernet Evolution
IP+Optical TechnologyIntegration
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 20041998
Services Optimization
29© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Core Solutions
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Roles of the Service PoP and Core Network
• Muxes packets onto s• IP and application aware• Software and
electronics• Service delivery
• Switches s• Packet dumb• Minimizes $/bit• Physics intensive
Core NetworkService
PoP
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Modern Lightwave Eras
0,1
1
10
100
1000
10000
1985 1990 1995 2000Year
Cap
acity
(Gb/
s)
FiberizationDigitization
SONET Rings and DWDM Linear Systems
Optical NetworkingWavelength Switching
Research Systems
Commercial Systems
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Prevailing SONET Ring Architecture
• Difficult to scale the network to DWDM capacities• Complex synchronized upgrades• Expensive, hardware-intensive ring interconnections• Provisioning times measured in weeks/months• Limited multi-vendor interoperability
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DWDM
• Wavelengths as virtual fiber • Increase capacity of existing plant • Reduce regeneration expense• Based primarily on physics, not networking
IP
SONET
ATM
IP
SONET
ATM
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Intelligently Controlled Meshed Core Architectures
• End-to-End service provisioning with IP control• Evolution of new control planes• Future standards like MPLmS• IP + Optical integration to maximize core networks potential
Lightpath selected byWavelength Routers
Source WavelengthRouter
DestinationWavelength Router
Two IP Routers requiringConnectivity
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New Multiservice Networks
• Core network must be tuned for IPMust remember legacy environments and other data servicesMotto: “Tune for IP, but deliver multiservice.”Gives flexibility to handle everything
Accommodate Multiple Clients and Multiple Services on an Optical DWDM Infrastructure
SONET/SDHClient 3
ATM Client 2
IP Client 1
ABED
C
A CD
A E C
D
B AD
BC
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SDHSONET
SERVICESIP
ATM
10G to 40G
Up to 1600 km
SDHSONET SERVICESIPATM
500 km
500 km
Metro
Metro
New Multiservice Networks
ATM Client 2IP Client 1
ABE
D
C
A CD
AD
BC
SONET/SDHClient 3
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IP+OpticalCore Evolution
Legacy SONET/SDH Era
DWDM
MPS
IP+Optical TechnologyIntegration
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 20041998
38© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Optical Control Planes
39© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Optical Control PlanesStatic
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ATM Hub+Spoke NetworkPOS p-t-p InterconnectionDPT Ring
Static RingInterconnect
Optical Add/DropMultiplexer (OADM)
IP Router ATM Switch
DWDM Trunk
Static Wavelength Provisioning
• Logical connections provided through Wavelength Provisioning
Can be mix of ring and point-to-point connectionsNetworking features implemented in IP services layerOptical layer provides ONLY big dumb pipes
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Optical Protection
• ITU defines 3 optical layers in G.872 – Architecture for Optical Transport Networks
• Allows optical protection at 3 different layers
Optical ChannelLayer
Optical MultiplexSection Layer
Optical TransmissionSection Layer
1+1 Protection
1+1 Protection (W-UPSR)1:1, 1:n Protection (W-BLSR)
1+1, 1:1 Protection
Optical Channel Protection
Optical Multiplex Section Protection
Optical Line Protection
UPSR …. Unidirectional Path Switched RingBLSR …. Bidirectional Line Switched Ring
42© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Optical Control PlanesOverlay
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Overlay Model Wavelength Routing
• Wavelength routing protocol only running on WLRs• IP network does not participate in WLR process• Interacts with OTN in client / server relationship
IP Network
Wavelength RoutingNetwork
Lightpath(IP connectivity
between A and B)
IP Router A IP Router B
WavelengthRouter
WavelengthRouter
OTN
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Intelligent Optical Network Elements
• WLRs attached via multiple network ports to DWDM terminals• WLRs can also have DWDM terminals integrated• WLR drop ports connect WLRs to service layer equipment
Lightpath
Fiber Span
Link
Drop Port
Channel
Frist HopWavelength Router
Source Destination
LmSCOXC
WavelengthRouter
WavelengthTerminal
Last HopWavelength Router
Network Port
DWDM enabledRouter
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ControlSignaling
Control Interface
WRC
OXC
Single-BoxWavelength Router
OXC with WRC
PrimitivesTranslation
Data Channels
WRC with control interface and OXC versus Single-Box Wavelength Router
1. IP routers attached to OXCs via Control InterfaceControl Interface Primitives:
Connect, Disconnect, Switch, Alarm
2. Integrated IP routing functionality in OXC
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Distributed Lightpath Routing
• Ensures very fast lightpath provisioning• Each WLR maintains own information DB as well as set of algorithms• Routing algorithm based on Link State Protocols
SourceDestination
Datastream toDestination
LP request1 Acknowledge2
OXC Configuration3
Datastreamfrom Source
47© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Optical Control PlanesPeer
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IP - Optical Peer Transport Network
Edge-LSR
Edge-LSR
OXC-LSR
OXC-LSR
OXC-LSR
OXC-LSR
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NetworkElement
StandardBody Routing Signaling Available
Existing Control Planes
• Separate control planes exist for L1/2/3• Limited communication creates isolation• Results in an overlay network model
Source: John Drake—MPLS Conference 1999
None Proprietary ProprietaryOpticalCross-Connect
ATMForum
ATMSwitch PNNIPNNI
MPLSIP-LSR IETF Constraint
BasedLDP/
RSVP
Future
Deployed
Deployed
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UCP Protocols Standards Summary
Drafts as of January 2001
Function MP S/GMPLS O-UNI G.ASON
Routing Protocol
Signaling
Link Management, Verification, Neighbor Discovery, Etc.
IGP TE Extensions
RSVP/CR-LDP Extensions
LMP
N/A
Model
Standards Body
Peer/Overlay
Peer/IETF
LMP
Overlay to Peer
OIF
RSVP/CR-LDP Extensions
N/A
Central Control, IP/ATM/SONET Clients
Overlay
ITU-T
Out-of-band Client UNI
Peer OverlayOverlay Is a Subset of the Peer Model
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Services
Network and Service Management
Unified Control Plane
Internetworking O
perating System
Packet Labels/VPI VCI
Packets/Cells
Wavelength Routing
DWDM Transport
SONET/SDH
Labels
Unified Control Plane
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Different Standards Efforts
• Peer and overlay models form a spectrum of control options
• Overlay is a subset of the peer model
PeerOverlay
Multiservice IP
T1X1G.ason
OIFUNI
IETFGMPLS
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Review of ITU-T G-872
• ITU-T recommendation G-872 Specifies an architecture for optical transport networks
Optical Channel Layer (OCH)
Optical Transmission Layer (OTS)Optical Multiplex Section Layer (OMS)
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Clients:IP, ATM,
TDM, etc.
CCI
NNI
UNI
OCC: Optical Connection ControllerUNI: User Network InterfaceCCI: Connection Control Interface
NNI: ASON control Node Interface IrDI : Inter Domain Interface
UserSignaling
IrDI_NNI
IrDI
ASON Control Plane
Optical Transport Network
ITU: T1X1 G.ASON
Clients:IP, ATM,TDM, etc.
OCC
OCC OCCOCC
Switch Switch Switch
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OIF Overlay with UNI
PUB-UNI/NNI: Public UNI/NNIPRI-UNI/NNI: Private UNI/NNI
ED: Client Edge DeviceCED: Carrier Edge DeviceDSI: Data Service Interface
PRI-NNI
PRI-UNIPUB-UNI
PUB-NNIPUB-UNI
3rd PartyNetwork
DSI
DSI
OpticalSub-Network
ED
ED ED
ED
ED
CED
CED
CED
ED
OpticalSub-Network
OpticalSub-Network
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OXC Enhancements to Support GMPLS Control Plane
• Mechanism to exchange control information between OXCs and other LSRs
• OXC needs to provide GMPLS-TE with state information
• Non-WDM edge LSR needs to be able to exchange control information with OXCs in the domain
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GMPLS Traffic Engineering Control Plane with OXCs
• Either separate or uniform control planes possible• Uniform control plane canbe used for LSRs and OXCs• Allows LSPs to span just routers or a combination of routers and OXCs
MPLS Control PlaneRouting Information
Maintenance and ManagementControl Plane Interfaceto Data Plane
Control InformationExchange with Neighbors
OXC + WDM1MPLS Data Plane:
WDM
1LSR may have either built-in WDM, or external WDM
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GMPLS Traffic Engineering Control Plane with OXCs
OXCs must exchange control info1. Preconfigured control wavelength between
Each pair of OXCsOXC and router
2. Use a separate out-of-band IP network
LSR1 LSR2
WDM1
nn-1
1
WDM1
nn-1
1
CrossConnect
Control PointCP-CPCP-DP CP-DP
CP—Control PlaneDP—Data Plane
1 WDM Could Be Either External or Built-in
Control Point
CrossConnect
OT
OTOT
OT
OTOT
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Switching and Forwarding Hierarchies
DS3
DS3
DS3
DS3 (T3)
DWDM
TDM
Packet
TDM
Packet
Packet Label
Time Slot (As Implicit Label)
Lambda (As Implicit Label)Light Path
OXC Packet-Switch Capable (PSC)Time-Division-Multiplex Capable (TDM)
Lambda-Switch Capable (LSC)Fiber-Switch Capable (FSC)
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Signaling Protocols
• Resource reSerVation Protocol—(RSVP)• Constraint Routed Label Distribution
Protocol (CR-LDP)
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Multi-Layer Integration
IP Routingand Signaling
IP Routingand Signaling
DW
DM
DW
DM
UpstreamNode
DownstreamNode
Default Operation
Flows upstream labeled Cut-Through Switching Complete
Flows Downstream Labeled
L2/L3
L1
62© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Management
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Depreciation31%
G&A7%
Sales and Marketing
13%
Service Provider Cost Allocation
• OAM&P cost dominates most service provider’s budgets
OAM&P49%
Source: ARMIS 43-01 Reports and Probe Research, Inc.
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Complex Network Management
• To provision a circuit, operators must coordinate changes across a wide variety of system types and protocols
• Process can take 60-180 days
SONET/SDH Rings:Add/Drop Multiplexers, Digital Cross Connects
Point-to-PointDWDM
ATM Mesh
IP Router Mesh
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Forwarding Plane
Unified Control PlaneUCP ties together IP
and Optical Networks, reducing provisioning time
from weeks to seconds
Control PlaneBased on IP Routing
IP
ATM
Optical
UCP Enables:• Increased Service
Velocity for Faster Revenue Generation
• Reduced Operations Expenses
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Generic OSS Structure
Physical Network Technology
Element Management Technology
Customer Interface Management Processes
Network and Systems Management Processes
Customer Care Processes
Service Development and Operations Processes
Information System
s Managem
ent Processes
Network Planning and Development
Network Provisioning
Service Planning and Development
Service Configuration
Sales Order Handling
Fulfillment
Network Inventory
Management
Network Maintenance
and Restoration
Service Problem
Resolution
Service Quality Management
Problem Handling
Customer QoS Management
Assurance
Network Data Management
Rating and Discounting
Invoicing/Collections
Billing
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A-Z ProvisioningOIF UNI
Peer Model
Multi-Domain A-Z Provisioning
2000
A-Z Provisioning Point-and-click per-domain provisioning for optical transport networks.
OIF UNI Provisioning across optical transport and IP network elements
Multi-Domain A-Z Provisioning Combining phase I and II to provision IP and optical elements,across multiple domains
Peer Model Building unified IP+Optical management domains using tools and technologies that share GMPLS abstraction.
Driving Network Intelligence Into the Network
Unified Control Plane
68© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Summary
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Service Provider Challenge
• Scaling the Internet• Lowering costs• Moving bits• Incremental improvements
• Raising service velocity• Differentiated services • Moving packets intelligently• Profitable
economics
Isn’t Just About… It’s About…
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Service ProviderRoad to Profitability
ProfitabilityRevenue
Value-Added Services• Value-add service offerings• Differentiated services• Service velocity
Cost
Increased Operational Efficiencies
• Scale for growth• Investment protection• Broad range of platforms
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The Promise of the Internet
“
”
The integration of IP and optical technology will be the standard
for tomorrow’s networks. It is the combination of the intelligence of
IP networks with the near unlimited bandwidth of optical
technology that will deliver on the promise of the Internet.
Chris Nicoll, Vice President Current Analysis, Inc.
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Service Provider Network Architecture
• DSL• Fixed Wireless• Frame Relay• ATM• Leased Lines• Cable• Ethernet
• SONET/SDH• Long Haul DWDM
• VPNs• QoS• App Hosting• Content Hosting
• Web Hosting• Voice over Packet• Packet Transport
Packet Services:• Metro Optical TransportSONET/SDHEthernet/IP/SwitchesMetro IPDWDM
Control Plane and Network Management Integration
Core NetworkInterconnects PoPs
Metro NetworkConnects Customers
to ServicesAccess
Service PoPService PoP
Cor
e R
outin
g
Edge
Rou
ting
Gro
omin
g
Service Adaptationand
Packet Switching
73© 2001, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.OPT-2103126_05_2001_c1