Networks Evolving?

Justin Champion

C208 Ext:3723www.staffs.ac.uk/personal/engineering_and_technology/jjc1

Network Future

Contents Why IPv6 NFC

Network Future

Why change? The networks have been designed for voice

This is changing now in a big way Currently we can see a increase in the amount of data traffic

GPRS EDGE UMTS

All giving access to the Internet as a minimum MMS Increased SMS usage

Future Already discussed in this module

Voice will be sent in a packet driven format This changes the current uses of the networks

Network Future

Currently Telephone networks use ATM

Asynchronous Transport Mode (ATM) This is a reliable method of moving large

amounts of data Each time you wish to move data a ‘Virtual’ circuit

is created All your packets are moved through this circuit

In this respect QOS is guaranteed because your circuit is ensured to you during that communication

Network Future

ATM is designed for data movement when a QOS is required Small packets called “Cells” used data

transfer Minimise the impact on the network, in the

event of a error Maximum data rate currently is 10 GBps

Soon to have the 100 GBps version released

Network Future

Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) is now being discussed as a replacement for the

core network Original name for this was IP Next Generation

Named after the Star Trek series of the same name RFC3314, September 2002, is the discussion document The use of IP would allow packets to be sent from the

Internet directly to the device Each device would become part of the Internet Allowing better security (IPSEC) Peer to peer communications IPv6 does support QOS Mobile IP

Network Future

Internet Protocol (IP) Referred to as IP Addresses Every device on the Internet has a unique IP

address This allows packets of data to be transferred to the

device using this unique ID Consider this to be the same as your house

address. This is unique and allows the postal service to route

(deliver) mail to you house (Whether you want it or not!)

Network Future

Internet Protocol (IP) These addresses look like

192.168.10.1 To see your IP address on your machine

Open a command window and type “IPconfig” you should see this

Network Future

Why IPv6? The main reason was the lack of IP addresses in

version 4 Even by using address saving techniques ½ of the

available addresses are being used As mobile devices get and keep an IP address this will

cause more problems Other devices are now attaching to the Internet

Game consoles, PS2, X-BOX, etc Household devices, the Internet fridge! www.lginternetfamily.co.uk/fridge.asp, $8000 when

available IPv6 Addresses

128 bit address Every grain of sand in the world can have an IP address!

Network Future IPv6 Quality of Service (QOS)

Two parts of the header support this Traffic Class Flow Label

The QOS in the Traffic Class is divided into two parts Packets which will back off in the event of a problem Packets which will not back off in the event of a problem

Traffic class Is issued by the application on the device

Issue still exists to prevent everyone from issuing the highest traffic priority to everything This would remove the benefits of the traffic class field

Network Future

IPv6 Quality of Service (QOS) Flow label

Allows a packet of information to be classified as being part of a transport taking place IPv4 treats each packet as an individual packet to

be delivered with no knowledge

20 Bit unique ID Given to each flow though the network, by the

initiating node

Network Future

IPv6 Quality of Service (QOS) Flow label

Issued by the sending device Used in combination with the Destination and

Source address, this gives a unique code If multiple streams are needed to the same location

The Transport protocol ports are also used to make it unique

There is a performance issue with using the transport protocol as well

Network Future

IP security (IPSEC) Considered for IPv6, is available under IPv4 Support for IPv6 devices is mandatory

Advantages Invisible to the communicating device’s as this is

carried out a layer lower than transport The IP Payload is encrypted

IP Encrypted PayloadIPv6 Header

Network Future

IP security (IPSEC) Encryption method used will depend on the

end user Issues still around the distribution of the

encryption keys Specifications Document

RFC 2408, Internet Security Association and Key Management Protocol (ISAKMP)

Network Future

Mobile IP Allows the mobile device to attach to another

network Once this is done the traffic sent to the “Normal”

connection point will be forwarded to the new location

This allows all already in place communications to remain

Network Future

Mobile IP The device will be issued with a “Care of Address”

(COA) This COA is then sent to a Home Agent (HA)

Any communications to the original IP address are then grabbed by the HA

These are then repackaged and sent to the new address for the node

The node can then send back a notice to the sender of the new location At this point the sending node will redirect packets to the

new address

Network Future

How will mobile phones benefits? Will allow each device to have a unique IP

address This will allow end to end sending of IP Packets

Currently the packets are sent to the proxy The proxy then sends them to the device

Allows Peer to Peer communications Allows security to be used with the Internet

Network Future

Benefit The mobile phone becomes part of the

Internet

InternetPhone Network

Network Future

New Technologies Near Field Communications (NFC)

The standards body for this group was setup on the 18th March 2004 www.nfc-forum.org

Standard group created by Nokia, Sony and Phillips Allow configuration of the devices and limited data

communications

Network Future

NFC This is intended for short distance communications

with limited throughput Standards currently discussed are

106 Kbps 212 Kbps 424 Kbps

Maximum distance would be 20 Centimetres To allow communication the devices would nearly need to be

touching on a special area called a “Hot spot” Frequency

13.56 MHz

Network Future

NFC If the intention of the group was this then this

is of limited use Bluetooth can give a higher throughput over a

larger distance The intention of this technology is to use it to

configure the other faster technologies !

Network Future

NFC – The concept Two users wish to communicate

They put there devices close to each other Almost touching each other

Communications will be established Half-duplex communications, allowing only one device

to communicate. The two devices will exchange the capabilities to each

other Agreement will then be reached on the best way to

communicate in the future

Network Future

NFC – The concept This could be Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, Hiperlan or a

future technology NFC will take responsibly for agreeing all of the

communications Setting it up and agreeing a unique encryption key to be

used

This will allow none technical people to use the wireless technology Configuration is as simple as putting the devices together

for a second or two

Network Future

NFC – The concept Once configured NFC will switch off

Communications after this will take place in the other technology

More futuristic use for NFC If you wish to purchase a ticket for a show

Put your device next to poster and this purchase will happen

Whether this part of the technology takes off will depend on other technology

Network Future

Conclusion IPv6

Benefits for the mobile network NFC

Communications Configuring devices