neural and hormonal systems will explain why we feel…… pain strong sick nervous
TRANSCRIPT
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Neural and Hormonal Systems
Will Explain Why We FEEL……
Pain
Strong
Sick
Nervous
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It all Starts with the Neuron
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Neuron Structure
Neurons do NOT touch each other- the space in between is call the synapse.
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How a Neuron Fires
It is an electrochemical process•Electrical inside the neuron•Chemical outside the neuron
(in the synapse in the form of a neurotransmitter).
•The firing is call Action Potential.
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The All-or None Response
• The idea that either the neuron fires or it does not- no part way firing.
• Like a gun
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Steps of Action Potential• Dendrites receive neurotransmitter from
another neuron across the synapse.• Reached its threshold- then fires based on the
all-or-none response.• Opens up a portal in axon, and lets in positive
ions (Sodium) which mix with negative ions (Potassium) that is already inside the axon (thus Neurons at rest have a slightly negative charge).
• The mixing of + and – ions causes an electrical charge that opens up the next portal (letting in more K) while closing the original portal.
• Process continues down axon to the axon terminal.
• Terminal buttons turns electrical charge into chemical (neurotransmitter) and shoots message to next neuron across the synapse.
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Action Potential
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How Neurons Communicate
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Neurotransmitters
•Chemical messengers released by terminal buttons through the synapse.
•We should know at least 4 types and what they do.
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Acetylcholine• Its function is motor movement and
maybe memory.
To much and you will….
Not enough and you will….
Lack of ACH has been linked to Alzheimer’s disease.
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Dopamine• Its function is motor movement
and alertness.
Lack of dopamine is associated with Parkinson’s disease.Overabundance is associated with schizophrenia.
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Serotonin•Function deals with mood control.
Lack of serotonin has been linked to depression.
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Endorphins•Function deals with pain
control.
We become addicted to endorphin causing feelings.
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Agonists and Antagonists
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Types of Neurons
Sensory NeuronsMotor NeuronsInter Neurons
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Sensory Neurons(Afferent Neurons)
•Take information from the senses to the brain.
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Inter Neurons• Take
messages from Sensory Neurons to other parts of the brain or to Motor Neurons.
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Motor Neurons(Efferent Neurons)
•Take information from brain to the rest of the body.
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Divisions of the Nervous System
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Sympathetic Nervous System
Flight or Fight Response
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A Simple Reflex
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A Simplified Neural Network
Neurons that learn to work together as a team.
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The Endocrine SystemA system of glands that secrete hormones.Similar to nervous system, except hormones work a lot slower than neurotransmitters.
Neurotransmitters
Hormones
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The Major Endocrine Glands