neuroanatomy - wofford college

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Neuroanatomy

Dr. Steinmetz

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•  CNS versus PNS •  CNS: Regions

•  Hindbrain, Midbrain, Forebrain •  Lobes •  Spinal Cord

•  PNS: – Blood Supply, Ventricles, and CSF – Autonomic Nervous System – Somatic Nervous System

Outline

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Outline

4 2 Parts of the Nervous System

•  CNS (Central Nervous System) = Brain & Spinal Cord

•  PNS (Peripheral Nervous System) = all neurons found outside of the skull and spine

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Outline

6 Brain Stem & Cerebellum

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7 Cranial Nerves

•  Summary of the functions of each cranial nerve

•  Red lines are afferent signals

•  Blue lines are efferent signals

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Plate 5.7 on page 85 of your human

neuroanatomy book

This is the figure that I will use to test your knowledge of cranial nerves on the neuroanatomy

lab practicals.

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Outline

10 Midbrain

•  Superior Colliculus - vision tracking

•  Inferior Colliculus - sound localization

•  Tegmentum - nuclei for eye movement & control

•  Substania Nigra – dopamine input to basal ganglion in forebrain

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Outline

12 Brain Divisions: Forebrain

•  Limbic System

•  Sensory / Motor Regulation

•  Learning & Memory

•  Internal Body States

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•  Emotion Regulation

•  Assesses Stimulus value

Amygdala

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•  Sensory / Motor Regulation

Thalamus

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•  Learning & Memory

Hippocampus

16 Hypothalamus

•  motivational states

•  Hunger •  Satiety •  Reproduction •  Sleep

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Outline

18 Corpus Callosum

• Connects 2 hemispheres

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19 Cerebral Lobes

•  Occipital Lobe - center for vision - processing of visual sensory information

20 Cerebral Lobes

•  Temporal Lobe - center for hearing, memory, associations, internal areas = gustatory processing

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21 Cerebral Lobes

•  Parietal Lobe - center for somatosensory information / complex visual processes, associations

•  Separated from the frontal lobe by the Central Sulcus

22 Cerebral Lobes

•  Frontal Lobe - complex thought, reasoning, personality, motor system, & olfactory and flavor processing

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Outline

24 Spinal Cord Anatomy

•  Sensory nerves enter the dorsal horn of spinal cord

•  Motor nerves exit the ventral horn of spinal cord

Motor Output Motor

Output

Dorsal Root Ganglion

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Outline

26 Blood Supply to the Brain

•  Stroke = lack of blood or O2 to the brain

•  Aneurysm = blockage /

rupture of blood vessel •  Blood is toxic to CNS

neurons •  Blood-Brain barrier

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27 The fluid in your CNS = CSF

•  Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) = ultrafiltered blood •  Acts as a supporting cushion

–  Both externally between the brain and the skull / spinal cord

–  And internally to prevent collapse •  Exact function unknown: (supply / waste)

–  Turns over 3 times a day – 0.5 liter per day

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Front view Side view Bottom view

Ventricles 28

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29 Hydrocephalus “water on the brain”

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•  PNS: – Blood Supply, Ventricles, and CSF – Somatic Nervous System – Autonomic Nervous System

Outline

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31 Peripheral Nervous System

•  Somatic – voluntary control of body movements

•  Autonomic – automatic control – Sympathetic

(arousing) – Parasympathetic

(calming)

32 Autonomic Nervous System

Sympathetic •  Stimulation •  Fight or Flight

(survival)

Parasympathetic •  Relaxation •  Restore homeostasis

(conserve resources)

•  2 components control involuntary functions:

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33 Autonomic Nervous System

Sympathetic •  Stimulation •  Fight or Flight

(survival) •  Activated fast by

connected neural pathways

•  Norepinephrine (NE)

Parasympathetic •  Relaxation •  Restore homeostasis

(conserve resources) •  Activated slower by

individual neural pathways

•  Acetylcholine (ACh)

•  2 components control involuntary functions:

34 For next time:

• Read Chapter 3 • Work on Week 1 & 2 Neuroanatomy Lab

neuroanatomy - wofford college

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