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New and Future Engine OilRequirements
ICIS Asian Base Oils and Lubricants Conference8&9 June 2010Seoul, Republic of Korea
Jan Trocki - EuropeMike Brown, Ph.D. – Americas
Europe: New Developments
• Group III role in European standards
• ACEA 2008 implementation
• Emerging requirements– Biofuels compatibility
– Fuel economy
• OEM Specifications
2
Group III Entered with Extended-ODIs
10,000km
2 per year
15,000km
1 year
30,000km/
2 years
1980s 1995 2010
5W-4010W-3010W-40
0W-305W-305W-40
5W-300W-305W-30
15W-40
3
Growth of 0W-XX & 5W-XX in DIFM channels
SAE 0W-XX & 5W-XX SAE 10W-XX, 15W-XX & 20W-XX4
Trend of Diesel Engines
• Rapid technical evolution of diesel engines– Performance
– Noise
– Cost
• Longer drain intervals became possible with Direct Injection
• Diesel Particulate Filters (DPFs) require low SAPS oils– ACEA C-sequences
– Low sulphur base oils
5
ACEA 2008 Sequence Implementation
Sludge
improvement
•Higher limits for A/B
categories
DI Diesel
piston
cleanliness
•VW ICTD replaced
by TDi test
•New limits for A/B
oils
Minimum TBN
levels
•Variable fuel quality
Replacement
engine tests
•MB OM646LA
•VW TDi
•Several HD tests
Fuel economy • Increase for C1
• ACEA Sequences first launched in 1996
• 6 revisions
• ACEA 2008 Oil Sequences released in Dec 2008
• Significant updates required formulation and testing
• Implementation by Dec 2009
• ACEA 2007 to be withdrawn by Dec 2010
• ACEA members considering next improvements needed
6
Next Generation Needs in Europe
• Sludge test replacement – MB M111SL test by M271SL
• Test replacements– Valve train wear
– Dispersivity
– Fuel economy?
• Impact of biodiesel on lubricant performance
• Continued development of fuel economy
7
Biofuels
• EU mandate to include “FAME” in transport diesel– FAME often high molecular
weight/low volatility
• “B5” blend adopted in most of Europe – EN590 permits up to 7%
• OEM concerns over impact of biodiesel on lubricant performance– High fuel dilution caused by
late injection
– Cold start performance
– Copper corrosion 8
New MB OM646LA Test
• New test method to evaluate lubricant with biodiesel– CEC TDG-L-104
• Piston deposits, engine sludge wear and oil degradation.
• Using the MB OM646 DE22A engine used in CEC L-099.
• Test Fuel - B15 – 85% Diesel Fuel + 15% FAME
• Test Oil diluted with 7% B100
9
The Fuel Economy Challenge
Fines per g CO2 x unit sales above target
2012130g
CO2/km
202095g
CO2/km
Source: EU Statistics
10
YUBASE plus contribution to fuel economy
MB 229.5 min.
11
OEM Specifications Continue.....
12
dexos™ 2 Exceeds ACEA C3 Performance
Courtesy: GM 13
Americas: New and Future Developments
ILSAC GF-5, API SN Resource Conserving
General Motors dexos™
SAE J300, new and lighter viscosity oils
Group III+ vs Group III base stocks
14
ILSAC GF-5
New performance level replacing GF-4
Changes versus ILSAC GF-4:New fuel economy engine test: VIDNew method for aged oils low temperature pumping viscosity Stronger engine protection against deposits, emulsion tolerance and seals compatibilityStronger protection of emission control systems
First licensing date is October 1, 2010
15
API SN and SN Resource Conserving
API SN with Resource Conservingmatches ILSAC GF-5.
API SN with Resource Conserving in the donut tells consumers that the oil meets GF-5 requirements.
• API SN (without Resource Conserving) is intended for the ROW.
• API SN can be used with “C” category oils
16
Future ILSAC and API Categories
Sequence engine parts could be depleted by 2014-2015Consider equivalency tests or new partsTakes about 5 years to develop new testsGM intends/expects to continue support for industry test development even with dexos™ program
API Group established to:Review status of existing Sequence engine testsDetermine what replacement tests are neededConsider improving the process
17
GM dexos™
GM harmonizing engine oil standards
dexos 1™ (gasoline) will start globally with 2011 model year
dexos 2™ (diesel FF/SF and gasoline engines SF) has begun in Europe and Asia
dexos™ specifications combine many aspects of ILSAC GF-5, ACEA A/B and GM proprietary tests
Important base stock note: both dexos™ standards require <13% volatility. Higher quality (high VI) base stocks must be used.
18
dexos™ Global ApplicationsFa
ctory
Fill
dexos 1 for spark ignited / dexos 2 for diesel enginesdexos 2 for spark ignited and diesel engines
dexos 1for spark ignited engines
dexos 2 for diesel engines
Serv
ice F
ill
Source: GM Powertrain
19
SAE J300 Engine Oil Viscosity Standard
SAE Work Group considering adding new engine oil viscosity grades: SAE “15”, “10” and “5”Lower HTHS viscosities should enable
increased fuel economy (FE).xW-20 gives 33~37% more fuel economy
than xW-30 grades.Looking for more FE gains with lighter grades.
Minimum oil film thickness must be balanced with engine durability.
Lighter grades are feasible with today’s Group III and III+ base stocks
20
SK Blend Studies for Lighter Grades
North American style GF-4 DI, VM (ndOCP, 35 SSI)
Fix BoV (Base oil Viscosity).
Reduce VM treat to desired HTHS viscosity ranges: 2.3, 2.0, 1.7 cP
4.75 cSt BoV must be reduced further to get to 1.7 cP minimum
for SAE “5” proposed limits.
BoV,
cSt @ 100°CVM Treat
wt%
KV,
cSt @100°CHTHS Visc.
cP @150°CSAE 0W-xx
Grade
4.75 6.75 8.7 2.62 20
4.75 3.75 7.3 2.34 “15”
4.75 0.75 6.1 2.08 “10”
4.75 0.00 5.8 1.90 “5”
First Blend Study:
21
SK Blend Studies for Lighter Grades
North American style GF-4 DI, VM (ndOCP, 35 SSI)
First lower BoV, then lower VM treat, monitor oil volatility.
Blends demonstrate lighter SAE “15 and 10” grades can be made
with today’s Group III and III+ base stocks
Must get below 4.0 cSt BoV to approach 1.7 cP HTHSV.
BoV,
cSt @ 100°CVM Treat
wt %
KV,
cSt @100°CHTHS Visc.
cP @150°CSAE 0W-
Grade
Noack
Volatility
4.75 6.75 8.7 2.62 20 ~11 %
4.13 5.25 7.3 2.36 “15” 12.0%
4.14 2.25 6.1 2.09 “10” 11.8%
4.00 0.00 5.2 1.88 “5” 12.5%
3.80 0.00 4.7 1.70 “5” ?
Second Blend Study:
22
Proposed Grades within SAE J300
23
1
10
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
HT
HS
V
isco
sit
y,
cP
@ 1
50°C
SAE Grade
High Shear Rate Viscosity
2.6 cP
Passenger Car Outlook: 2010 to 2015
• SAE 10W-30 demand peaked in 2004.– SAE 5W-30 and 5W-20 grades continue growing
• Expect growth of SAE 0W-20 grade.– Well accepted to improve fuel economy.– Honda and Toyota already recommend
SAE 0W-20 since 2006.– Detroit OEMs slowly transitioning to lighter grades.
• Group III, III+ base stocks will have more demand– More consumers preferring synthetics over
conventional oil for added performance.– Synthetics have 10 % growth rate in US market.– OEMs (GM) driving Group III, III+ demand up with
tighter engine oil volatility limits.
24
CCS Vis. @-30℃, cP
1000 1200 1400 1600 1800900
Quality of Group III+ stocks has moved closer to PAO
and GTL stocks.
GTL
No
ack
Vo
latility
, w
t%
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
High VI Base Stocks
PAO
Group III: 120-128 VI
Group III+: 130-133 VI
Source: SK data and Product Data Sheets 25
Wrap–Up: Engine Oil Requirements
Europe
ACEA considering next improvements since ACEA 2008
Biodiesel fuels impact lube performance
CO2 targets will increase fuel economy demand
Americas
New Standards: ILSAC GF-5, API SN Resource Conserving, SN, and GM dexos™
SAE J300 considering lighter engine oil grades
Industry will need replacement engine tests.
26
T H A N K Y O U
Jan Trocki
SK Lubricants Europe, B.V.
Amsterdam, the Netherlands
+44 1285 750590
Mike Brown, Ph.D
SK Lubricants Americas, Inc.
Flemington, NJ, USA
908-751-5030