DELIVERING QUALITY SINCE 1952.

New Battery Trends

5.15.15Content provided by our partner, TI, deep dive 2014,

and others as credited

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Topics

New Battery Technology Development

– Higher energy • Capacity trend

• Voltage increase

– Higher discharge rate battery

– Power Backup Application Technology

– Futuristic technologies

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18650 Li-Ion Cell CapacityDevelopment Trend

18650: Cylindrical, 65mm length, 18mm diameter

120mAh/year average increase rate over 21 years 3.5% / year most recent relative increase rate Capacity increase has been delayed from 2010 but resumed in 2012 with voltage increase and introduction of Si to anodes

TI deep dive 2014

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Higher Energy Battery ThroughVoltage Increase

Higher Energy Battery through Voltage Increase– Improved electrolytes allowed to go to 4.35V for LiCoO2 cells,

resulting in record-breaking 3.2 Ah 18650_32A by SDI

– LiMn2O4 : 4.4 V allows to increase both energy and capacity

– Fast degradation at temperatures about 50oC

– Hybrid Mn-Ni-Co cathode:

– Acceptable high temperature characteristics

– Useable for cell phones, less likely to be exposed to high temperatures. But lower voltage below SOC 70% is an issue

– Mixed Co phosphate cathode: Achieve battery with 4.9 to 2.5 V window, higher energy.

– Most electrolytes unstable at these voltages!

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Choices In Materials ToIncrease Voltage

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High Discharge Rate Need ForPower Tool, Automotive &

Grid Management Applications

High internal resistance causes large I • R drop above 2C discharge rate Minimum system voltage is reached too early, reducing useable capacity 5 to 20 min full discharge (12C to 3C rate) Low Internal Impedance Main Applications

• Power tools

• Hybrid electric vehicles

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Higher Discharge Rate &High Safety Battery

Fine-tune the cell for either high discharge rate or high capacity. 10C rate discharge are available with Ni/Co/Mn hybrid cathodes)

Use an optimized chemistry: A123 Systems company: 26650A lithium iron phosphate LiFePO4, – Safety: 350°C Thermal Runaway – 10 mΩ at 1 Hz

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Higher Voltage Solves Low Energy Density Issue

Higher voltage solves low energy density issue: 690 Wh/kg for Lix Co0.8(M1aM2bM3c)0.2PO4

Wildcat Discovery Technologies, Florida Battery Conference, 2012

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Power Backup Applications

Li-Titanate anode, Li4Ti5O12

Pros: – Cycle life over 20000 cycles

– Lowest impedance

– Best low temperature performance

Cons: – High price of titanate

– Low energy density due to voltagerange from 2.6 to 1.5V

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Futuristic Chemistries: Highest Theoretical Energy Densities

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Futuristic Chemistries: Li- Sulfur

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Futuristic Developments: Zn / Air Rechargeable

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Futuristic chemistries: Li- Air

Li / Air rechargeable battery is being actively developed. Since Li is the lightest high-energy metal, this battery has the highest theoretically possible energy density for any battery.

– Low discharge rate due to air cathode intrinsic low rate capability

– Cycle ability issues due to exposure aggressive materials to air and Li oxides and peroxides and insulators

– First likely as a low-rate primary battery to displace Zn / Air (present king of primary battery energy density), for example hearing aid applications

– Concern with Li-metal safety is driving towards developing Li-ion / Air

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Our Products

Battery Packs Flex & Rigid-Flex PCB’s High Reliability User Interfaces

Energy Efficient Fans & Motors

Cable Assemblies Printed Circuit Boards

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Design Centers &Technical Support

Battery Pack & Power Management – Denver, CO User Interfaces – Largo, FL Fans & Motors – Wales, UK PCB’s – New Bedford, MA & Shenzhen, China Flex & Rigid Flex – Toronto, Canada Cable Assemblies – New Bedford, MA

Our Engineering and Design teams are ready to help our customers create world class and cost effective product solutions.

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Inventory Management

Customer requirements are always unique and customized, therefore our inventory management system must accommodate for this type of environment.

We Offer:

– Kanban

– Consignment

– JIT Programs

– Blanket Orders

– Customer Fulfillment

– Bonded Warehousing

– Kitting

– Safety Stock

– Other flexible solutions

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The Difference is Measureable

1. Quicker Delivery - Epec's technology infrastructure and people, including the Asian and US based operations, manufacturing and engineering teams, enable jobs to get started the same day the order is received with no delays due to 24/7 coverage.

2. World Class Designs – With industry leading technical resources for all of our product groups,  our design and engineering group works with customers to help minimize unit production costs of finished products , reduce project risks and speed time to market.

3. Better Quality - Epec ensures higher levels of quality through actual investment in all of our processes. Whether it is our 10+ people strong quality organization in Asia, equipping our tech centers with the latest tech gear to test parts, or our continuous improvement auditing process, real investment is made to ensure quality.

4. Flexibility - Each of our manufacturing facilities have been selected for theirbest-in-class niche product and delivery and technology solutions, ensuring our optimal facility is building every order.

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If you require additional information please contact us with any questions or requests.

North American Headquarters174 Duchaine Blvd.New Bedford, MA 02745Tel: (508) 995-5171Fax: (508) 998-8694

Contact Us By Email:Sales sales@epectec.comQuotes quoting@epectec.comEngineering engineering@epectec.com

Visit Our Website For More Informationwww.epectec.com

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