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TRANSCRIPT
New Bus Service Framework for
Budapest high quality for passengers, opportunity for market players
László Sándor KERÉNYI
Head of Transport Strategy Department
BKK Centre for Budapest Transport
László Sándor Kerényi: New Bus Service Framework for Budapest 2
Contents
• Budapest facts and figures
• Current status of the bus sector
• Challenges for better services
• The new model
• Lessons learnt
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Budapest facts and figures
Budapest / the Capital (since 1873):
• 1.700.000 inhabitants
• 600.000 car trips/day
• Modal Split: 60% personal / 40% public
• 3,56 million passengers/day on BKV
Agglomeration (Pest County, 80 settlements):
• 800.000 inhabitants
• 400.000 car trips/day (66% of all trips!)
László Sándor Kerényi: New Bus Service Framework for Budapest
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Budapest facts and figures
Two level municipal system (since 1990):
• Municipality of the City of Budapest (the Mayor of Budapest)
• 23 municipalities (23 mayors) of 23 districts
Transportation tasks of the Municipality of the City of
Budapest: [National Law LXV.1990. 63.A§ g]
• Public transportation
• Traffic management on the whole road network of Budapest
(4500 km)
• Road and bridge maintenance tasks on roads and bridges
owned by the City of Budapest, or used by public transport
(1000 km)
• Transportation development projects
• Permitting and legal control
László Sándor Kerényi: New Bus Service Framework for Budapest
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Budapest facts and figures
Road network:
• Full length of the road network: 4500 km
• Length of the main road network: 1200 km
• 9 Danube road bridges (including M0 bridges)
• Over 1000 traffic signaled intersections
Public transport network:
• Length of the public transport network: 1100 km
• Number of stops and stations: 4700
• Rolling stock: app. 3000 vehicles (176 million km run)
• Average occupancy of vehicles: 23,8%
• Average circulating speed of vehicles: 16,7 km/h
• 1,37 billion passengers/year, 5,1 billion passenger km/year
László Sándor Kerényi: New Bus Service Framework for Budapest
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Budapest facts and figures
László Sándor Kerényi: New Bus Service Framework for Budapest
New transport management model (since 2010):
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Budapest facts and figures
General tasks of BKK:
• Ordering services of public transport (network planning,
commission, control, issuing and controlling tickets, regional
coordination)
• Operation of roads, bridges and the traffic management
system (development and coordination of reconstruction and
construction works)
• Integrated administration and development of urban
transportation (elaboration and updating of transport strategy,
development and management of projects, professional
coordination)
• Elaboration and operation of general transportation
regulatory systems (parking, congestion charging, heavy
weight traffic charging)
László Sándor Kerényi: New Bus Service Framework for Budapest
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Current status of the bus sector
László Sándor Kerényi: New Bus Service Framework for Budapest
Bus service facts and figures:
• Share: 40%
• 556 million passengers p.a.
• 177 million vehicle kms
• full geographical coverage
• 7/24 service
• 206 bus lines (daytime)
• 38 night bus lines
• Peak hours passenger load above 90% on 80% of the
lines, average passenger load 24.0%
• OPEX HUF 40 billion (EUR 135 mn) per annum
• Total number of passengers 1.39 million per annum
Rate of passenger numbers by vehicle
types
40%
28%
22%
5%5%
Bus Tram Subway Trolleybus Suburban Railway
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Current status of the bus sector
• First-door alighting to
be extended gradually
• Operational and planned
replacement of BKV’s
fixed-rail services
• Mid-term general goals:
• more fixed-rail services
• less bus services
• Automated fare collection to be rolled out
(fully managed by BKK)
• GPS-based AVL system to be mounted on all surface vehicles
(even private operators)
• Gradual shift to the competitive tendering model
László Sándor Kerényi: New Bus Service Framework for Budapest
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Current status of the bus sector
László Sándor Kerényi: New Bus Service Framework for Budapest
Bus fleet facts and figures:
• 1,353 buses
• 624 pcs „articulated” (18m-long)
• 698 pcs „solo” (12m-long)
• 31 pcs „midi” (8m-long)
• Average age of fleet:
18.13 years
• BKV’s subcontractors:
2 operators (1 private,
1 government controlled)
• own depots 0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
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Current status of the bus sector
László Sándor Kerényi: New Bus Service Framework for Budapest
IK 260
377 pcs
IK 280
270 pcs
IK 435
171 pcs
IK 415
160 pcs
Volvo 7700 A
150 pcs
IK 412
114 pcs
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Current status of the bus sector
Bus fleet vs. services:
• Many break-downs and cancellations
• 75% high-floor
• 83% no A/C
• Mostly EURO-0, up to EURO-III
• Deteriorated outlook, passenger area
László Sándor Kerényi: New Bus Service Framework for Budapest
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Current status of the bus sector
László Sándor Kerényi: New Bus Service Framework for Budapest
Bus depots of BKV:
• 4 bus depots
• 1 trolley bus + bus depot
• 300-350 buses per depot
• all owned by BKV
• on-site petrol stations
• on-site car wash
• Full Wi-Fi coverage (as part of the AVL system „FUTÁR”)
• Not to be sold – can be utilized by future private operators
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Challenges for better services
László Sándor Kerényi: New Bus Service Framework for Budapest
Main questions related to the new model:
• How to deal with current technical conditions of the fleet?
• How to involve private funding?
• How to improve services for passengers?
• How to generate competitive pressure for BKV?
Main aims of the new bus model:
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The new model
László Sándor Kerényi: New Bus Service Framework for Budapest
• Hundreds of low-floor, air-conditioned,
EURO-5 or EEV buses to be put into
operation until 2014
• No CAPEX
• Competitive tendering
• Cheaper, more efficient, better
• Risk-sharing between BKK and the
operators
• BKV’s bus operations: competitor and
benchmark
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The new model
László Sándor Kerényi: New Bus Service Framework for Budapest
Competitive framework:
• EU public procurement directives, HU public procurement law
• Two phases:
• Prequalification: open for application for years – since
21/10/2011
• Competitive tendering: actual call for tender for those
operators who have successfully passed the pre-
qualification
• First tender due: December 2011
• „Larger” and „smaller” fleet contracts
• Contract term depending on age of fleet; with new buses
planned term: 8 years
• Planned contract sizes between 50 and 300 buses
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The new model
László Sándor Kerényi: New Bus Service Framework for Budapest
Service level agreements:
• Punctuality
• Cleanliness
• Passenger comfort (heating, A/C)
Strict control regime:
• Incentives and penalties – „bonus-malus” (stick / carrot)
• Ever increasing service level control
• BKK-managed AVL system to track each vehicle
Target: high quality services
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The new model
László Sándor Kerényi: New Bus Service Framework for Budapest
Gross cost contracts:
• Km-based service fee
• Service fee to be reviewed per annum
• Fare revenue to be collected by BKK
Contract term:
• Based on turnover of CAPEX and 1370/2007/EC
• Average planned contract term 7-8 years
• Option to extension
Risk-sharing, spreading of costs:
• Minimal standards to be set
• Application of greatest possible freedom for operators
Target: acceptable service fee
Costs:
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The new model
László Sándor Kerényi: New Bus Service Framework for Budapest
Factors on possible price increase Potentials to decrease costs
• Higher amortization
BKV’s buses are amortized to
zero now
• Higher maintenance costs
Higher qualified maintenance
staff and more expensive
• More diesel used by new
buses
New technology, A/C increases
fuel consumption
• Risks
Diesel price increase, use of
BKV depot, trade unions
• Experience of operators
Experience with cheaper
buses, existing processes,
workflows
• More efficient processes
Maintenance, roistering, ever
increasing cost optimization
• Risk coverage
Overhead costs spread
across other activities
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The new model
László Sándor Kerényi: New Bus Service Framework for Budapest
Phase 0
Tenders
150 pcs 450 pcs 750 pcs 900 pcs
• Phase 0: replacement of BKV’s subcontractor contracts (until 1/5/2012)
• Tenders: gradual and continuous increase of number of contracts and operators
• Target: more than half of the fleet size are new buses on the new tender regime
„urgent”
Public
procurement
preparation
Service
provision
Roll-out of the new service framework:
The first tender: under time pressure…
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The new model
László Sándor Kerényi: New Bus Service Framework for Budapest
Phase 0 (under time pressure) Later phases service framework
• BKK-BKV consortium to procure
• Short-term contract(s) (1-2 years)
• Small fleet size (25-50)
• Acceptance of high-floor/low-entry
buses
• „Compromises” on technical
expectations
• Subcontracted to BKV
• Direct contract award
• Service to start on 1/5/2012
• Buses to be distributed across the
Budapest bus network (mixed with
BKV buses)
• Tenders from 1/5/2012
• BKK to procure
• Long-term contracts
• Smaller and larger fleet sizes
(100-300)
• Only new buses
• High quality expectations
• Service contract with operators
• Competitive tendering
• Redistribution of buses on the
network
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The new model
László Sándor Kerényi: New Bus Service Framework for Budapest
The first tender: urgent need to act quickly
• BKV’s Public Service Contract and BKV subcontracts
expire on 30/4/2012
• Before 1/5/2012 BKK had no authority to conclude
procurement and award contracts
• BKV has no extra 110 buses for replacement
• New contract needed to provide capacity
• Time pressure leads to phase 0 „contradictions” with the
new service framework
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The new model
László Sándor Kerényi: New Bus Service Framework for Budapest
Activities
BKK internal decisions
Prequalification
BKK to draft tender documents
Submission of applications
Evaluation of applications
Negotiations with applicants
RFP
Decision by BKK/BKV
Room for appeal
Contract Award
Preparation for Service Provision
Week
November December
44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
January February March April
13 14 15 16 17
2011 2012
Service contracts Part 1 to 6
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The new model
László Sándor Kerényi: New Bus Service Framework for Budapest
Parts Winner Number of
buses
Contracted
performance Pricing method Details of the buses
1. - - - - -
2. VT-Transman
Kft. 25
2 000 useful bus
km/year
+ 20 % optional
Useful bus km with
penalties
Used
Low floor
With airconditioning
3. VT-Transman
Kft. 25
2 000 useful bus
km/year
+ 20 % optional
Useful bus km with
penalties
Used
Low floor
With airconditioning
4. - - - - -
5. VT-Transman
Kft. 25
825 useful bus km/year
+ 100 % optional
Useful bus km with
penalties
Used
Partially low floor
With airconditioning
6. VT-Transman
Kft. 25
825 useful bus km/year
+ 100 % optional
Useful bus km with
penalties
High floor
Without air-conditioning
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The new model
László Sándor Kerényi: New Bus Service Framework for Budapest
Service contracts Part 7 and 8:
• Part 7: 25 new solo buses + 200% optional
• Part 8: 25 new articulated buses + 200% optional
Specifications:
• Low floor, with ramp
• Minimum EEV engine
• Additional points for the alternative propulsion
(CNG, hybrid, electric etc.)
• Air-conditioning
• Built-in CCTV security system
• Built-in passenger counter system
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Lessons learnt
László Sándor Kerényi: New Bus Service Framework for Budapest
Main lessons after the first tenders:
• No real bonus/malus: only penalties can apply due to the
Hungarian procurement procedures → new regulation?
• BKV is not allowed to bid on these procurements → New
prequalification tender without BKV
• Only Hungarian bidders → minimum fleet size to bid for
new market is around 200
• No Hungarian buses → ???
No change:
• Integrated bus fleet control remains in the responsibility of
BKK (FUTÁR system will be integrated on all vehicles)
• Continuous quality control to be performed
Thank you for your kind attention!
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László Sándor Kerényi
Head of Transport Strategy Department