new case digests

8/9/2019 new Case Digests

1/11

LICAROS VS GATMAITAN

Facts:

Abelardo Licaros, decided to make a fud !lacemet "it# A$lo%Asea &ak

i t#e '()*+s Licaros, after #a-i$ i-ested, ecoutered tremedous ad

ue.!laied difficulties i retrie-i$, ot ol/ t#e iterest or !rofits, but e-e

t#e -er/ i-estmets #e #ad !ut i A$lo%Asea

Cofroted "it# t#e dire !ros!ect of ot $etti$ back a/ of #is i-estmets,

Licaros t#e decide to seek t#e cousel of Atoio 0 Gatmaita Gatmaita

-olutaril/ offered to assume t#e !a/met of A$lo%Asea+s idebtedess to

Licaros I order to effectuate ad formali1e t#e !arties+ res!ecti-e

commitmets, t#e t"o e.ecuted a otari1ed M2MORAN34M OF

AGR22M2NT o 5ul/ 6(, '())

T#ereafter, Gatmaita !reseted to A$lo%Asea t#e Memoradum of

A$reemet for t#e !ur!ose of collecti$ t#e !lacemet t#ereat of 7'8*,***

No formal res!ose "as e-er made b/ said bak to eit#er Licaros or

Gatmaita To date, A$lo%Asea #as ot acted o Gatmaita+s moetar/

claims

2-idetl/, because of #is iabilit/ to collect from A$lo%Asea, Gatmaita did

ot bot#er a/more to make $ood #is !romise to !a/ Licaros t#e amout

stated i #is !romissor/ ote Licaros, #o"e-er, felt t#at #e #ad a ri$#t to

collect o t#e basis of t#e !romissor/ ote re$ardless of t#e outcome of

Gatmaita+s reco-er/ efforts T#us, Licaros addressed successi-e demad

letters to Gatmaita Gatmaita, #o"e-er, did ot accede to t#ese demads

Issue:

9N t#e Memoradum of A$reemet bet"ee !etitioer ad res!odet is

oe of assi$met of credit or co-etioal subro$atio Co-etioal

subro$atio

;eld:

A assi$met of credit #as bee defied as t#e !rocess of trasferri$ t#e

ri$#t of t#e assi$or to t#e assi$ee "#o "ould t#e #a-e t#e ri$#t to

!roceed a$aist t#e debtor T#e assi$met ma/ be doe $ratuitousl/ or

oerousl/, i "#ic# case, t#e assi$met #as a effect similar to t#at of a

sale

O t#e ot#er #ad, subro$atio #as bee defied as t#e trasfer of all t#e

ri$#ts of t#e creditor to a t#ird !erso, "#o substitutes #im i all #is ri$#ts It

ma/ eit#er be le$al or co-etioal Le$al subro$atio is t#at "#ic# takes

!lace "it#out a$reemet but b/ o!eratio of la" because of certai actsCo-etioal subro$atio is t#at "#ic# takes !lace b/ a$reemet of !arties

Co-etioal subro$atio is ot idetical to assi$met of credit I t#e

former, t#e debtor+s coset is ecessar/< i t#e latter, it is ot re=uired

Subro$atio e.ti$uis#es t#e obli$atio ad $i-es rise to a e" oe !arties

cocered ? t#e ori$ial creditor, t#e debtor, ad t#e e" creditor It is a

e" cotractual relatio based o t#e mutual a$reemet amo$ all t#e

ecessar/ !arties T#us, Article '>*' of t#e Ci-il Code e.!licitl/ states t#at

@Co-etioal subro$atio of a t#ird !erso re=uires t#e coset of t#e

ori$ial !arties ad of t#e t#ird !erso

T#e Memoradum of A$reemet dated 5ul/ 6(, '()) "as i t#e ature of a

co-etioal subro$atio "#ic# re=uires t#e coset of t#e debtor, A$lo%

Asea &ak, for its -alidit/

Gatmaita ad Licaros iteded t#eir a$reemet as oe of co-etioa

subro$atio as it is !lail/ bore b/ a sti!ulatio i t#eir memoradum, to

"it:

@9;2R2AS, t#e !arties #erei #a-e come to a a$reemet o t#e ature,

form ad e.tet of t#eir mutual !restatios "#ic# t#e/ o" record #erei

"it# t#e e.!ress coformit/ of t#e t#ird !arties cocered, "#ic# t#ird

!art/ is admittedl/ A$lo%Asea &ak

;ad t#e itetio bee merel/ to cofer o a!!ellat t#e status of a mere

@assi$ee of a!!ellee+s credit, t#ere is sim!l/ o sese for t#em to #a-e

sti!ulated i t#eir a$reemet t#at t#e same is coditioed o t#e @e.!ress

coformit/ t#ereto of A$lo%Asea &ak

It bears stressi$ t#at t#e subBect Memoradum of A$reemet e.!ressl/

re=uires t#e coset of A$lo%Asea to t#e subro$atio 4!o "#om t#e

task of securi$ suc# coset de-ol-es, be it o Licaros or Gatmaita, is of o

si$ificace 9#at couts most is t#e #ard realit/ t#at t#ere #as bee a

abBect failure to $et A$lo%Asea+s od of a!!ro-al o-er Gatmaita+s bei$

subro$ated i t#e !lace of Licaros T#e absece of suc# coformit/ o t#e

!art of A$lo%Asea, "#ic# is t#ereb/ made a !art/ to t#e same

Memoradum of A$reemet, !re-eted t#e a$reemet from becomi$

effecti-e, muc# less from bei$ a source of a/ cause of actio for t#e

si$atories t#ereto

GARCIA VS LLAMAS

Facts:O 3ecember 6>, '((, !etitioer ad 3e 5esus borro"ed 0D**,** from

res!odet O t#e same da/, t#e/ e.ecuted a !romissor/ ote "#erei t#e/

boud t#emsel-es Boitl/ ad se-erall/ to !a/ t#e loa o or before 5auar/

6>, '((E "it# a 8 iterest !er mot#

After t#e loa #as lo$ bee o-erdue ad des!ite re!eated demads

!etitioer ad 3e 5esus #a-e failed ad refused to !a/ it< ad b/ reaso of

t#eir uBustified refusal, res!odet "as com!elled to e$a$e t#e ser-ices o

a cousel

0etitioer a-erred t#at #e assumed o liabilit/ uder t#e !romissor/ ote

because #e si$ed it merel/ as a accommodatio !art/ for 3e 5esus< ad

alterati-el/, #e is relie-ed from a/ liabilit/ from t#e ote iasmuc# as t#e

load #ad bee !aid b/ 3e 5esus b/ meas of a c#eck dated 'E A!ril '((E ad

t#e res!odet+s acce!tace o-ated or su!erseded t#e ote

Res!odet re!lied t#at t#e loa remaied u!aid for t#e reaso t#at t#e

c#eck issued b/ 3e 5esus bouced

0etitioer seeks to e.tricate #imself from t#e obli$atio as Boit ad solidar/

debtor b/ isisti$ t#at o-atio took !lace, eit#er t#rou$# t#e substitutio

of 3e 5esus as sole debtor or t#e re!lacemet of t#e !romissor/ ote b/ t#e

c#eck

Issue:

9N t#ere "as o-atio of t#e obli$atio No

;eld:

No-atio is a mode of e.ti$uis#i$ a obli$atio b/ c#a$i$ its obBects o

!rici!al obli$atios, b/ substituti$ a e" debtor i !lace of t#e old oe, o

b/ subro$ati$ a t#ird !erso to t#e ri$#ts of t#e creditor

I $eeral, t#ere are t"o modes of substituti$ t#e !erso of t#e debtor: '

e.!romisio ad 6H dele$acio I e.!romisio, t#e iitiati-e for t#e c#a$e

does ot come from ad ma/ e-e be made "it#out t#e ko"led$e of t#e

debtor, sice it cosists of a t#ird !erso+s assum!tio of t#e obli$atio As

suc#, it lo$icall/ re=uires t#e coset of t#e t#ird !erso ad t#e creditor I

dele$acio, t#e debtor offers, ad t#e creditor acce!ts, a t#ird !erso "#o

cosets to t#e substitutio ad assumes t#e obli$atio< t#us, t#e coset o

t#ese t#ree !ersos are ecessar/ &ot# modes of substitutio b/ t#e debto

re=uire t#e coset of t#e creditor

No-atio ma/ also be e.ticti-e or modificator/ It is e.ticti-e "#e a old

obli$atio is termiated b/ t#e creatio of a e" oe t#at takes t#e !lace of

t#e former It is merel/ modificator/ "#e t#e old obli$atio susbsists to t#e


2/11

e.tet t#at it remais com!atible "it# t#e amedator/ a$reemet 9#et#er

e.ticti-e or modificator/, o-atio is made eit#er b/ c#a$i$ t#e obBect or

!rici!al coditios, referred to as obBecti-e or real o-atio< or b/

substituti$ t#e !erso of t#e debtor or subro$ati$ a t#ird !erso to t#e

ri$#ts of t#e creditor, a act ko" as subBecti-e or !ersoal o-atio For

o-atio to take !lace, t#e follo"i$ re=uisites must cocur:

' T#ere must be a !re-ious -alid obli$atio

6 T#e !arties cocered must a a$ree to a e" cotract

> T#e old cotract must be e.ti$uis#ed

D T#ere must be a -alid e" cotract

No-atio ma/ also be e.!ress or im!lied It is e.!ress "#e t#e e"

obli$atio declares i ue=ui-ocal terms t#at t#e old obli$atio is

e.ti$uis#ed It is im!lied "#e t#e e" obli$atio is icom!atible "it# t#e

old oe o e-er/ !oit T#e test of icom!atibilit/ is "#et#er t#e t"o

obli$atios ca stad to$et#er, eac# oe "it# its o" ide!edet e.istece

I t#e istat case, o o-atio took !lace

T#e !arties did ot ue=ui-ocall/ declare t#at t#e old obli$atio #ad bee

e.ti$uis#ed b/ t#e issuace ad t#e acce!tace of t#e c#eck, or t#at t#e

c#eck "ould take t#e !lace of t#e ote T#ere is o icom!atibilit/ bet"ee

t#e !romissor/ ote ad t#e c#eck As t#e CA correctl/ obser-ed, t#e c#eck#ad bee issued !recisel/ to as"er for t#e obli$atio O t#e oe #ad, t#e

ote e-ideces t#e loa obli$atio< ad o t#e ot#er, t#e c#eck as"er"s for

it -eril/, t#e t"o ca stad to$et#er

Neit#er could t#e !a/met of iterests ? "#ic#, i !etitioer+s -ie", also

costitutes o-atio ? c#a$e t#e terms ad coditios of t#e obli$atio

Suc# !a/met "as alread/ !ro-ided for i t#e !romissor/ ote ad, like t#e

c#eck, "as totall/ i accord "it# t#e terms t#ereof

Also umeritorious is !etitioer+s ar$umet t#at t#e obli$atio "as o-ated

b/ t#e substitutio of debtors I order to c#a$e t#e !erso of t#e debtor,

t#e old oe must be e.!ressl/ released from t#e obli$atio, ad t#e t#ird

!erso or e" debtor must assume t#e former+s !lace i t#e relatio 9ell%

settled is t#e rule t#at o-atio is e-er !resumed Cose=uetl/, t#at "#ic#

arises from a !ur!orted c#a$e i t#e !erso of t#e debtor must be clear ad

e.!ress It is t#us icumbet o !etitioer to s#o" clearl/ ad ue=ui-ocall/t#at o-atio #as ideed take !lace

I t#e !reset case, !etitioer #as ot s#o" t#at #e "as e.!ressl/ released

from t#e obli$atio, t#at a t#ird !erso "as substituted i #is !lace, or t#at

t#e Boit ad solidar/ obli$atio "as cacelled ad substituted b/ t#e solitar/

udertaki$ of 3e 5esus

Moreo-er, it must be oted t#at for o-atio to be -alid ad le$al, t#e la"

re=uires t#at t#e creditor e.!ressl/ coset to t#e substitutio of a e"

debtor

3e 5esus "as ot a t#ird !erso to t#e obli$atio From t#e be$ii$, #e

"as a Boit ad solidar/ obli$or of t#e 0D**,*** loa< t#us #e ca be released

from it ol/ u!o its e.ti$uis#met Res!odet+s acce!tace of #is c#eck

did ot c#a$e t#e !erso of t#e debtor, because a Boit ad solidar/ obli$or

is re=uired to !a/ t#e etiret/ of t#e obli$atio

CALIFORNIA &4S LIN2S, INC -s STAT2 INV2STM2NT ;O4S2, INC GR No

'DE(8* 3ecember '', 6**>

Facts:

I '(E(, 3elta Motors Cor!oratioMAN 3i-isio 3eltaH a!!lied for

fiacial assistace from res!odet State I-estmet ;ouse, Ic SI;IH, a

domestic cor!oratio e$a$ed i t#e busiess of =uasi%baki$ for

068,***,***** i t#ree se!arate credit a$reemets 3elta e-etuall/

became idebted to SI;I i t#e amout of 06D,*'*,6(>6

From A!ril '(E( to Ma/ '()*, !etitioer Califoria &us Lies, Ic C&LIH,

!urc#ased o istallmet basis >8 uits of MAN 3iesel &uses ad t"o 6H

uits of MAN 3iesel Co-ersio 2$ies from 3elta To secure t#e !a/met

of t#e !urc#ase !rice of t#e >8 buses, C&LI ad its !residet, Mr 3ioisio O

Llamas, e.ecuted si.tee 'H !romissor/ otes i fa-or of 3elta

o I eac# !romissor/ ote, C&LI !romised to !a/ 3elta or order

06,>'D,*** !a/able i * mot#l/ istallmets "it# iterest a

'D !er aum

o I additio to t#e otes, C&LI e.ecuted c#attel mort$a$es o-er

t#e >8 buses i 3elta+s fa-or

9#e C&LI defaulted o all !a/mets due, it etered ito a restructuri$

a$reemet o October E, '()' "it# 3elta to co-er its o-erdue obli$atios

uder t#e !romissor/ otes

o T#e restructuri$ a$reemet !ro-ided for a e" sc#edule o

!a/mets of C&LI+s !ast due istallmets, e.tedi$ t#e !eriod to

!a/, ad sti!ulati$ dail/ remittace istead of t#e !re-iousl/

a$reed mot#l/ remittace of !a/mets

I case of default, 3elta "ould #a-e t#e aut#orit/ to

take o-er t#e maa$emet ad o!eratios of C&L

util C&LI ador its !residet remitted ado

u!dated C&LI+s !ast due accout C&LI ad 3elta also

icreased t#e iterest rate to ' !a ad added a

documetatio fee of 6 !a ad a D !a

restructuri$ fee

3elta e.ecuted a Cotiui$ 3eed of Assi$met of Recei-ables i fa-or o

SI;I as securit/ for t#e !a/met of its obli$atios to SI;I !er t#e credit

a$reemets

C&LI cotiued #a-i$ trouble meeti$ its obli$atios to 3elta T#i

!rom!ted 3elta to t#reate C&LI "it# t#e eforcemet of t#e maa$emet

takeo-er clause To !re%em!t t#e take%o-er, C&LI filed a com!lait fo

iBuctioO Se!tember '8, '()>, !ursuat to t#e Memoradum of A$reemet

3elta e.ecuted a 3eed of Sale assi$i$ to SI;I fi-e 8H of t#e si.tee '

!romissor/ otes from Califoria &us Lies, Ic At t#e time of assi$met

t#ese fi-e !romissor/ otes #ad a total -alue of 0','86,)'()* iclusi-e o

iterest at 'D !er aum

SI;I subse=uetl/ set a demad letter to C&LI re=uiri$ C&LI to remit t#e

!a/mets due o t#e fi-e !romissor/ otes directl/ to it C&LI re!lied

iformi$ SI;I of Ci-il Case No **6>%0 ad of t#e fact t#at 3elta #ad take

o-er its maa$emet ad o!eratios

9#e SI;I "as uable to take !ossessio of t#e buses, SI;I filed a !etitio

for reco-er/ of !ossessio "it# !ra/er for issuace of a "rit of re!le-i

before t#e RTC

T#ereafter, 3elta ad C&LI etered ito a com!romise a$reemet C&L

a$reed t#at 3elta "ould e.ercise its ri$#t to e.traBudiciall/ foreclose o t#e

c#attel mort$a$es o-er t#e >8 bus uits

o C&LI refused to !a/ SI;I t#e -alue of t#e fi-e !romissor/ otescotedi$ t#at t#e com!romise a$reemet "as i ful

settlemet of all its obli$atios to 3elta icludi$ its obli$atios

uder t#e !romissor/ otes

SI;I filed a com!lait a$aist C&LI i t#e RTC to collect o t#e fi-e 8

!romissor/ otes "it# iterest at 'D !a SI;I also !ra/ed for t#e issuace

of a "rit of !relimiar/ attac#met a$aist t#e !ro!erties of C&LI

Issue: 9#et#er t#e Restructuri$ A$reemet dated October E, '()'

bet"ee !etitioer C&LI ad 3elta Motors, Cor! o-ated t#e fi-e !romissor/

otes 3elta Motors, Cor! assi$ed to res!odet SI;I

;eld: T#ere "as o o-atio i t#is case T#e restructuri$ a$reeme

bet"ee 3elta ad C&LI e.ecuted o October E, '()', s#o"s t#at t#e !artie

did ot e.!ressl/ sti!ulate t#at t#e restructuri$ a$reemet o-ated t#e

!romissor/ otes Abset a ue=ui-ocal declaratio of e.ti$uis#met o

t#e !re%e.isti$ obli$atio, ol/ a s#o"i$ of com!lete icom!atibilit/

bet"ee t#e old ad t#e e" obli$atio "ould sustai a fidi$ of o-atio

b/ im!licatio ;o"e-er, i re-ie"i$ its terms /ields o icom!atibilit/

bet"ee t#e !romissor/ otes ad t#e restructuri$ a$reemet

T#e restructuri$ a$reemet, istead of cotaii$ !ro-isios @absolutel/

icom!atible "it# t#e obli$atios of t#e Bud$met, e.!ressl/ ratifies

!re-ious obli$atios ad cotais !ro-isios for satisf/i$ t#em T#ere "as

o c#a$e i t#e obBect of t#e !rior obli$atios T#e restructuri$ a$reeme

merel/ !ro-ided for a e" sc#edule of !a/mets ad additioal securit/

$i-i$ 3elta aut#orit/ to take o-er t#e maa$emet ad o!eratios of C&LI i

case C&LI fails to !a/ istallmets e=ui-alet to * da/s 9#ere t#e !arties to

t#e e" obli$atio e.!ressl/ reco$i1e t#e cotiui$ e.istece ad -alidit/

of t#e old oe, t#ere ca be o o-atio Moreo-er, t#e Court #as ruled t#at


3/11

a a$reemet subse=uetl/ e.ecuted bet"ee a seller ad a bu/er t#at

!ro-ided for a differet sc#edule ad maer of !a/met, to restructure t#e

mode of !a/mets b/ t#e bu/er so t#at it could settle its outstadi$

obli$atio i s!ite of its deli=uec/ i !a/met, is ot tatamout to

o-atio

AGRIFINA AJ4INT2K -s S0O4S2S F2LICI3A3 AN3 RICO TI&ONG GR No

'E*D 3ecember 6*, 6**

Facts:

O Ma/ , '(((, !etitioer A$rifa filed before RTC a com!lait for sum of

moe/ ad dama$es a$aist res!odets

o A$rifia alle$ed t#at Felicidad secured loas from #er o se-eral

occasios at mot#l/ iterest rates of to E

3es!ite demads, s!ouses Tibo$ failed to !a/ t#eir outstadi$ loas of

0EE>,***,** e.clusi-e of iterests ;o"e-er, s!ouses Tio$ alle$ed t#at t#e/

#ad e.ecuted deeds of assi$met i fa-or of A$rifia amouti$ to

08D,D8( ad t#at t#eir debtors #ad e.ecuted !romissor/ otes i fa-or of

A$rifia

S!ouses isisted t#at b/ -irtue of t#ese documets, A$rifia became t#e

e" collector of t#eir debts

A$rifia "as able to collect t#e total amout of 0>*',*** from Felicdad+s

debtors S#e tried to collect t#e balace of Felicidad ad "#e t#e latter

ree$ed o #er !romise, A$rifia filed a com!lait i t#e office of t#e

bara$a/ for t#e collectio of 0EE>,***** T#ere "as o settlemet

...

A$rifia alle$ed t#at Felicidad #ad secured loas from #er o se-eral

occasios, totali$ 0EE>,*** but t#e s!ouses failed to !a/ des!ite re!eated

demads

T#e s!ouses, for t#eir !art, admitted t#at t#e/ #ad secured loas from

A$rifia but t#e/ assert t#at t#e !roceeds of t#e loa "ere re%let to ot#er

borro"ers at #i$#er iterest rates

T#e/ like"ise alle$ed t#at t#e/ #ad e.ecuted deeds of assi$met i fa-or

of !etitioer, ad t#at t#eir debtors #ad e.ecuted !romissor/ otes i

A$rifia+s fa-or

It is o" t#e s!ouses+ cotetio t#at re%ledi$ t#e loa resulted i a

o-atio of t#e ori$ial obli$atio to A$rifia< as suc#, s#e became t#e e"

collector of t#e debtors, ad t#e s!ouses+ obli$atio to !a/ t#e balace #as

bee e.ti$uis#ed

T#e trial court ruled t#at t#e deeds of assi$met ad !romissor/ otes did

ot cotai a/ e.!ress a$reemet to o-ate ad e.ti$uis# Felicidad+sobli$atio

T#e CA affirmed "it# modificatio t#e decisio of t#e RTC ad stated t#at,

t#e secured loas amout to 0>E,***, ad ot 0EE>,***

Issue: 9#et#er or ot res!odets obli$atio is e.ti$uis#ed t#rou$# t#e

assi$met of credit

;eld:

No-atio "#ic# cosists i substituti$ a e" debtor dele$adoH i t#e !lace

of t#e ori$ial oe dele$ateH ma/ be made e-e "it#out t#e ko"led$e or

a$aist t#e "ill of t#e latter but ot "it#out t#e coset of t#e creditor

Substitutio of t#e !erso of t#e debtor ma/ be effected b/ dele$acio,

meai$, t#e debtor offers, ad t#e creditor dele$atarioH, acce!ts a t#ird

!erso "#o cosets to t#e substitutio ad assumes t#e obli$atio T#us,

t#e coset of t#ose t#ree !ersos is ecessar/ I t#is kid of o-atio, it is

ot eou$# to e.ted t#e Buridical relatio to a t#ird !erso< it is ecessar/

t#at t#e old debtor be released from t#e obli$atio, ad t#e t#ird !erso or

e" debtor take #is !lace i t#e relatio 9it#out suc# release, t#ere is o

o-atio< t#e t#ird !erso "#o #as assumed t#e obli$atio of t#e debtor

merel/ becomes a codebtor or a suret/ If t#ere is o a$reemet as to

solidarit/, t#e first ad t#e e" debtor are cosidered obli$ated Boitl/

T#e t#eor/ of o-atio is t#at t#e e" debtor cotracts "it# t#e old debtor

t#at #e "ill !a/ t#e debt, ad also to t#e same effect "it# t#e creditor, "#ile

t#e latter a$rees to acce!t t#e e" debtor for t#e old Moreo-er, t#e

a$reemet must be based o t#e cosideratio of t#e creditors a$reemet

to look to t#e e" debtor istead of t#e old

CA correctl/ foud t#at res!odets obli$atio to !a/ t#e balace of t#ei

accout "it# !etitioer "as e.ti$uis#ed, !ro tato, b/ t#e deeds o

assi$met of credit e.ecuted b/ res!odet Felicidad i fa-or of !etitioer

..

No Case la" is t#at, a assi$met "ill, ordiaril/, be iter!reted o

costrued i accordace "it# t#e rules of costructio $o-eri$ cotracts

$eerall/, t#e !rimar/ obBect bei$ al"a/s to ascertai ad carr/ out t#e

itetio of t#e !arties T#is itetio is to be deri-ed from a cosideratio

of t#e "#ole istrumet, all !arts of "#ic# s#ould be $i-e effect, ad is to

be sou$#t i t#e "ords ad la$ua$e em!lo/ed Ideed, t#e Court must ot

$o be/od t#e ratioal sco!e of t#e "ords used i costrui$ a assi$met

"ords s#ould be costrued accordi$ to t#eir ordiar/ meai$, ules

somet#i$ i t#e assi$met idicates t#at t#e/ are bei$ used i a s!ecia

sese So, if t#e "ords are free from ambi$uit/ ad e.!ressed !lail/ t#e

!ur!ose of t#e istrumet, t#ere is o occasio for iter!retatio< but "#ere

ecessar/, "ords must be iter!reted i t#e li$#t of t#e !articular subBect

matter Ad surroudi$ circumstaces ma/ be cosidered i order to

uderstad more !erfectl/ t#e itetio of t#e !arties T#us, t#e obBect to be

accom!lis#ed t#rou$# t#e assi$met, ad t#e relatios ad coduct of t#e

!arties ma/ be cosidered i costrui$ t#e documet

Alt#ou$# it #as bee said t#at a ambi$uous or ucertai assi$met s#ould

be costrued most strictl/ a$aist t#e assi$or, t#e $eeral rule is t#at a/

ambi$uit/ or ucertait/ i t#e meai$ of a assi$met "ill be resol-ed

a$aist t#e !art/ "#o !re!ared it< #ece, if t#e assi$met "as !re!ared b/

t#e assi$ee, it "ill be costrued most strictl/ a$aist #im or #er Oe "#oc#ooses t#e "ords b/ "#ic# a ri$#t is $i-e ou$#t to be #eld to t#e strict

iter!retatio of t#em, rat#er t#a t#e ot#er "#o ol/ acce!ts t#em

Cosideri$ all t#e fore$oi$, "e fid t#at res!odets still #a-e a balace

o t#eir accout to !etitioer i t#e !rici!al amout of 0>>,)D'**

RICAR2 VS CA

Facts:

2duardo G Ricar1e "as em!lo/ed as a collector%messe$er b/ Cit/ Ser-ice

Cor!oratio, a domestic cor!oratio e$a$ed i messe$erial ser-ices ;e

"as assi$ed to t#e mai office of Calte. "#ere #is !rimar/ task "as to

collect c#ecks !a/able to Calte. ad deli-er t#em to t#e cas#ier I '((E

Calte. filed a crimial com!lait a$aist Ricar1e for estafa t#rou$#

falsificatio of commercial documets "#e Calte. disco-ered t#at se-era

c#ecks "ere missi$ ad for$ed ad #a-e subse=uetl/ bee clearedt#rou$#t its de!ositar/ bak 0CI& 4!o furt#er i-esti$atio, it "as foud

out t#at t#e cleared c#ecks "ere de!osited i a accout o!eed b/ Ricar1e

Mea"#ile, t#e 0CI& credited t#e amout of 08)',66(** to t#e accout o

Calte. "it#out iformi$ t#e Cit/ !rosecutor ;ece 6 iformatios for estafa

"ere filed a$aist Ricar1e "it# Calte. 0#ili!!ies as t#e !ri-ate com!laiat

Ricar1e "as t#e arrai$ed

3uri$ trial, SRMO La" Office !reseted e-idece i be#alf of 0CI&, Ricar1e

t#e o!!osed suc# !leadi$ cotedi$ t#at t#e !ri-ate com!laiat is

Calte. ad ot 0CI& SRMO t#e coteded t#at "#e 0CI& re%credited t#e

amout to Calte. to t#e e.tet of t#e idemit/< 0CI& #ad bee subro$ated

to t#e ri$#ts ad iterests of Calte. as !ri-ate com!laiat

0etitioer #o"e-er ar$ues t#at 0CI& caot be subro$ated to t#e ri$#ts of

Calte., cosideri$ t#at #e #as o ko"led$e of t#e subro$atio muc# less

$a-e #is coset to it

Issue:

9ON T#ere is a -alid subro$atio bet"ee 0CI&ak ad Calte.

Ruli$:

0etitioer+s ar$umet o subro$atio is mis!laced T#e Court a$rees "it#

res!odet 0CI&+s commet t#at !etitioer failed to make a distictio

bet"ee le$al ad co-etioal subro$atio Subro$atio is t#e trasfer of

all t#e ri$#ts of t#e creditor to a t#ird !erso, "#o substitutes #im i all #is

ri$#ts6) It ma/ eit#er be le$al or co-etioal Le$al subro$atio is t#at

"#ic# takes !lace "it#out a$reemet but b/ o!eratio of la" because o

certai acts6( Istaces of le$al subro$atio are t#ose !ro-ided i Article

'>*6 of t#e Ci-il Code Co-etioal subro$atio, o t#e ot#er #ad, is t#at


4/11

"#ic# takes !lace b/ a$reemet of t#e !arties>' T#us, !etitioer+s

ac=uiescece is ot ecessar/ for subro$atio to take !lace because t#e

istat case is oe of le$al subro$atio t#at occurs b/ o!eratio of la", ad

"it#out eed of t#e debtor+s ko"led$e

T#us, bei$ subro$ated to t#e ri$#t of Calte., 0CI&, t#rou$# cousel, #as t#e

ri$#t to iter-ee i t#e !roceedi$s, ad uder substati-e la"s is etitled

to restitutio of its !ro!erties or fuds, re!aratio, or idemificatio

L23ONIO VS CA0ITOL 32V2LO0M2NT

Facts:

Ledoio o a certai date obtaied from a Ms 0icac#e t"o loas co-ered b/

!romissor/ otes Subse=uetl/, Ms 0icac#e e.ecuted a Assi$met of

Credit i fa-or of Ca!itol 3e-elo!met Cor!oraito

9#e t#e loas became due #o"e-er, !etitioer failed to settle #is

idebtedess des!ite Ca!itol+s demads ;ece, Ca!itol istituted a

Com!lait for t#e collectio of a sum of moe/ a$aist #erei !etitioer

2d$ar Ledoio

Ledoio o t#e ot#er#ad sou$#t t#e dismissal of t#e com!lait a-erri$

t#at Ca!itol #ad o cause of actio a$aist #im as #e e-er coseted or

a$reed to t#e said assi$met It is #is cotetio t#at coset of t#e debtor

to t#e assi$met of credit is a basicessetial elemet i order for t#e

assi$ee to #a-e a cause of actio a$aist t#e debtor

Accordi$ to !etitioer, t#e assi$met of credit costitutes co-etioalsubro$atio "#ic# re=uires t#e coset of t#e ori$ial !arties to t#e loa

cotract, amel/, Ms 0icac#e t#e creditorH ad Ledoio t#e debtorH< ad

t#e t#ird !erso, Ca!itolt#e assi$eeH Sice !etitioer e-er $a-e #is

coset to t#e assi$met of credit, t#e t#e subro$atio of res!odet i

t#e ri$#ts of Ms 0icac#e as creditor b/ -irtue of said assi$met is "it#out

force ad effect I su!!ort of said ar$umet, !etitioer i-okes t#e

follo"i$ !ro-isios of t#e Ci-il Code ?

ART '>** Subro$atio of a t#ird !erso i t#e ri$#ts of t#e creditor is eit#er

le$al or co-etioal T#e former is ot !resumed, e.ce!t i cases e.!ressl/

metioed i t#is Code< t#e latter must be clearl/ establis#ed i order t#at it

ma/ take effect

ART '>*' Co-etioal subro$atio of a t#ird !erso re=uires t#e coset

of t#e ori$ial !arties ad t#e t#ird !erso

Issue:

9ON t#e coset of Ledoio to t#e assi$met of credit is essetial i order

for Ca!itol to #a-e a cause of actio a$aist ;im No

Ruli$:

T#e trasactio bet"ee Ms 0icac#e ad Ca!itol "as a assi$met of

credit ad ot co-etioal subro$atioo-atioH, ad does ot re=uire

Ledoio+s coset asdebtor for its -alidit/ ad eforceabilit/

A assi$met of credit #as bee defied as a a$reemet b/ -irtue of "#ic#

t#e o"er of a credit ko" as t#e assi$orH, b/ a le$al cause % suc# as sale,

datio i !a/met or e.c#a$e or doatio % ad "it#out eed of t#e

debtors coset, trasfers t#at credit ad its accessor/ ri$#ts to aot#er

ko" as t#e assi$eeH, "#o ac=uires t#e !o"er to eforce it, to t#e same

e.tet as t#e assi$or could #a-e eforced it a$aist t#e debtor

O t#e ot#er #ad, subro$atio, b/ defiitio, is t#e trasfer of all t#e ri$#ts

of t#e creditor to a t#ird !erso, "#o substitutes #im i all #is ri$#ts It ma/

eit#er be le$al or co-etioal Le$al subro$atio is t#at "#ic# takes !lace

"it#out a$reemet but b/ o!eratio of la" because of certai acts

Co-etioal subro$atio is t#at "#ic# takes !lace b/ a$reemet of !arties

Alt#ou$# it ma/ be said t#at t#e effect of t#e assi$met of credit is to

subro$ate t#e assi$ee i t#e ri$#ts of t#e ori$ial creditor, t#is Court still

caot defiiti-el/ rule t#at assi$met of credit ad co-etioal

subro$atio are oe ad t#e same

4der our Code, co-etioal subro$atio is ot idetical to assi$met of

credit I t#e former, t#e debtors coset is ecessar/< i t#e latter, it is ot

re=uired Subro$atio e.ti$uis#es a obli$atio ad $i-es rise to a e" oe

"#ile assi$met refers to t#e same ri$#t "#ic# !asses from oe !erso to

aot#er T#e ullit/ of a old obli$atio ma/ be cured b/ subro$atio, suc#

t#at t#e e" obli$atio "ill be !erfectl/ -alid< but t#e ullit/ of a obli$atio

is ot remedied b/ t#e assi$met of t#e creditors ri$#t to aot#er

2m!#asis su!!liedH

T#e Courts #as cosistetl/ ad#ered to t#e fore$oi$ distictio bet"ee a

assi$met of credit ad a co-etioal subro$atio Suc# distictio i

crucial because it "ould determie t#e ecessit/ of t#e debtors coset I

a assi$met of credit, t#e coset of t#e debtor is ot ecessar/ i orde

t#at t#e assi$met ma/ full/ !roduce t#e le$al effects 9#at t#e la"

re=uires i a assi$met of credit is ot t#e coset of t#e debtor, but

merel/ otice to #im as t#e assi$met takes effect ol/ from t#e time #e

#as ko"led$e t#ereof A creditor ma/, t#erefore, -alidl/ assi$ #is credit

ad its accessories "it#out t#e debtors coset O t#e ot#er #ad

co-etioal subro$atio re=uires a a$reemet amo$ t#e !artie

cocered ? t#e ori$ial creditor, t#e debtor, ad t#e e" creditor It is a

e" cotractual relatio based o t#e mutual a$reemet amo$ all t#e

ecessar/ !arties

VAL2N42LA VS ALAKAAN 32V2LO0M2NT

Facts:

ala/aa is t#e o"er of a !arcel of lad "#ic# "as bei$ ille$all/ occu!ied

b/ !etitioer s!s Vale1uela 4!o disco-er/ of suc#, ala/aa demaded

t#e !etitioers to immediatel/ -acate t#e !remises T#e !etitiors #o"e-e

e$otiated "it# ala/aa to !urc#ase t#e !ortio of t#e lot t#at t#e/ "erealread/ occu!/i$ ad b/ -irtue of "#ic#, t#e !arties e.ecuted a Cotract to

Sell 0etitioers commeced t#e !a/i$ of mot#l/ istallmets, #o"e-er

u!o t#eir !a/met of oe%#alf of t#e !urc#ase !rice,t#e/ maifested t#ei

iabilit/ to !a/ t#e remaii$ balace ad !ro!osed to ala/aa, t#ate

substitutio of 5uliet Flores Gilo "#o "as "illi$ to assume t#e !a/met of

t#e remaii$ balace !a/able to ala/aa T#ereafter, 5uliet made

!a/mets of '*,*** !er mot#t to ala/aa, "#ic# t#e latter acce!ted for

ad i be#alf of Gloria Vale1uela

T#ereafter, ala/aa demaded t#at S!s Vale1uela !a/ t#eir outstadi$

obli$atio but t#esedemads remaied u#eeded t#us ala/aa filed a

Com!lait for Rescissio of Cotract ad 3ama$es a$aist S!s Vale1uela

0etitioers o t#e ot#er#ad claim t#at t#ere "as alread/ a -alid o-atio i

t#e !reset case T#e/ a-er t#at t#e CA failed to see t#at t#e ori$ia

cotract bet"ee t#e !etitioers ad ala/aa "as altered, c#a$edmodified ad restructured, as a cose=uece of t#e c#a$e i t#e !erso o

t#e !rici!al debtor ad t#e mot#l/ amorti1atio to be !aid for t#e subBect

!ro!ert/ 9#e t#e/ a$reed to a mot#l/ amorti1atio of 0'*,***** !e

mot#, t#e ori$ial cotract "as c#a$ed< ad ala/aa reco$i1ed 5uliet+s

ca!acit/ to !a/, as "ell as #er desi$atio as t#e e" debtor T#e ori$ia

cotract "as o-ated ad t#e !rici!al obli$atio to !a/ for t#e remaii$

#alf of t#e subBect !ro!ert/ "as trasferred from !etitioers to 5uliet 9#e

ala/aa acce!ted t#e !a/mets made b/ t#e e" debtor, 5uliet, it "ai-ed

its ri$#t to rescid t#e !re-ious cotract T#us, t#e actio for rescissio filed

b/ ala/aa a$aist t#em, "as ufouded, sice t#e cotract sou$#t to be

rescided "as o lo$er i e.istece

Issue:

9ON t#ere is o-atio i t#is case No

Ruli$:

No-atio is t#e e.ti$uis#met of a obli$atio b/ t#e substitutio or c#a$e

of t#e obli$atio b/ a subse=uet oe "#ic# e.ti$uis#es or modifies t#e

first, eit#er b/ c#a$i$ t#e obBect or !rici!al coditios, or b/ substituti$

aot#er i !lace of t#e debtor, or b/ subro$ati$ a t#ird !erso i t#e ri$#ts

of t#e creditor

Article '6(6 of t#e Ci-il Code !ro-ides t#at PQi order t#at a obli$atio ma/

be e.ti$uis#ed b/ aot#er "#ic# substitutes t#e same, it is im!erati-e t#at

it be so declared i ue=ui-ocal terms, or t#at t#e old ad t#e e"

obli$atios be o e-er/ !oit icom!atible "it# eac# ot#erP No-atio i

e-er !resumed 0arties to a cotract must e.!ressl/ a$ree t#at t#e/ are

abro$ati$ t#eir old cotract i fa-or of a e" oe I t#e absece of a

e.!ress a$reemet, o-atio takes !lace ol/ "#e t#e old ad t#e e"


5/11

obli$atios are icom!atible o e-er/ !oit T#e test of icom!atibilit/ is

"#et#er or ot t#e t"o obli$atios ca stad to$et#er, eac# oe #a-i$ its

ide!edet e.istece If t#e/ caot, t#e/ are icom!atible ad t#e latter

obli$atio o-ates t#e first

T#us, i order t#at a o-atio ca take !lace, t#e cocurrece of t#e

follo"i$ re=uisites are idis!esable:

'H T#ere must be a !re-ious -alid obli$atio,*****, as ad-ace iterest for oe mot# at

!er mot# Ser-ado ad Leticia e.ecuted a !romissor/ ote for

08*,*****, to e-idece t#e loa, !a/able o 5auar/ E, '()

O No-ember '(, '()8, Ser-ado ad Leticia obtaied from Veroica

aot#er loa i t#e amout of 0(*,*****, !a/able i t"o mot#s, at

iterest !er mot# T#e/ e.ecuted a !romissor/ ote to e-idece t#e loa,

maturi$ o 5auar/ '(, '() T#e/ recei-ed ol/ 0)D,*****, out of t#e!roceeds of t#e loa

O 5ue '', '(), Ser-ado ad Leticia secured from Veroica still aot#er

loa i t#e amout of 0>**,*****, maturi$ i oe mot#, secured b/ a real

estate mort$a$e o-er a !ro!ert/ belo$i$ to Leticia Makalital Ka!tic#a/,

"#o issued a s!ecial !o"er of attore/ i fa-or of Leticia Medel, aut#ori1i$

#er to e.ecute t#e mort$a$e Ser-ado ad Leticia e.ecuted a !romissor/

ote i fa-or of Veroica to !a/ t#e sum of 0>**,*****, after a mot#, or o

5ul/ '', '() ;o"e-er, ol/ t#e sum of 06E8,*****, "as $i-e to t#em out

of t#e !roceeds of t#e loa

O 5ul/ 6>, '(), Ser-ado ad Leticia "it# t#e latter+s #usbad,

cosolidated all t#eir !re-ious u!aid loas totali$ 0DD*,*****, ad sou$#t

from Veroica aot#er loa i t#e amout of 0*,*****, bri$i$ t#eir

idebtedess to a total of 08**,*****, !a/able o Au$ust 6>, '() T#e/

e.ecuted a !romissor/ ote

O maturit/ of t#e loa, t#e borro"ers failed to !a/ t#e idebtedess of

08**,*****, !lus iterests ad !ealties, e-ideced b/ t#e abo-e%=uoted!romissor/ ote

Veroica R Go1ales, Boied b/ #er #usbad filed "it# t#e RTC a com!lait

for collectio of t#e full amout of t#e loa icludi$ iterests ad ot#er

c#ar$es

Issue:9#et#er or ot a o-atio of t#e Au$ust 6>, '() !romissor/ ote

"#e res!odet Veroica Go1ales issued t#e Februar/ 8, '((6 recei!t "as

!reset

;eld: T#e Court #eld t#at o-atio did ot tras!ire because o

irrecocilable icom!atibilit/ e.isted bet"ee t#e !romissor/ ote ad t#e

recei!t A o-atio arises "#e t#ere is a substitutio of a obli$atio b/ a

subse=uet oe t#at e.ti$uis#es t#e first, eit#er b/ c#a$i$ t#e obBect or

t#e !rici!al coditios, or b/ substituti$ t#e !erso of t#e debtor, or b/

subro$ati$ a t#ird !erso i t#e ri$#ts of t#e creditor

For a -alid o-atio to take !lace, t#ere must be, t#erefore: aH a !re-ious

-alid obli$atio< bH a a$reemet of t#e !arties to make a e" cotract< cH

a e.ti$uis#met of t#e old cotract< ad dH a -alid e" cotract I s#ort,

t#e e" obli$atio e.ti$uis#es t#e !rior a$reemet ol/ "#e t#e

substitutio is ue=ui-ocall/ declared, or t#e old ad t#e e" obli$atios are

icom!atible o e-er/ !oit A com!romise of a fial Bud$met o!erates as a

o-atio of t#e Bud$met obli$atio u!o com!liace "it# eit#er of t#ese

t"o coditios

No-atio is ot !resumed T#is meas t#at t#e !arties to a cotract s#ould

e.!ressl/ a$ree to abro$ate t#e old cotract i fa-or of a e" oe I t#e

absece of t#e e.!ress a$reemet, t#e old ad t#e e" obli$atios must be

icom!atible o e-er/ !oit

T#ere is icom!atibilit/ "#e t#e t"o obli$atios caot stad to$et#er

eac# oe #a-i$ its ide!edet e.istece If t#e t"o obli$atios caot

stad to$et#er, t#e latter obli$atio o-ates t#e first C#a$es t#at breed

icom!atibilit/ must be essetial i ature ad ot merel/ accidetal T#e

icom!atibilit/ must affect a/ of t#e essetial elemets of t#e obli$atio

suc# as its obBect, cause or !rici!al coditios t#ereof< ot#er"ise, t#e

c#a$e is merel/ modificator/ i ature ad isufficiet to e.ti$uis# t#e

ori$ial obli$atio

I li$#t of t#e fore$oi$, t#e issuace of t#e recei!t created o e"

obli$atio Istead, t#e res!odets ol/ t#ereb/ reco$i1ed t#e ori$ia

obli$atio b/ stati$ i t#e recei!t t#at t#e 0D**,***** "as @!artia

!a/met of loa ad b/ referri$ to @t#e !romissor/ ote subBect of t#e

case i im!osi$ t#e iterest T#e loa metioed i t#e recei!t "as still t#e

same loa i-ol-i$ t#e 08**,***** e.teded to Ser-ado Ad-ertece to

t#e iterest sti!ulated i t#e !romissor/ ote idicated t#at t#e cotract stil

subsisted, ot re!laced ad e.ti$uis#ed, as t#e !etitioers claim

G.R. No. 164051 October 3, 2012

PHILIPPINE NATIONAL BANK, Petitioner,!.LILIAN ". "ORIANO, Re!#on$ent.

% E & I " I O N

PERE', J.:

(e )rc *r+e$ in ti! #etition -or reie on certiorari to reer!e )n$ !e)!i$e te %eci!ion o- te &o*rt o- A##e)/! in & AG.R. "P No62431 -in$in+ no +r)e )b*!e o- $i!cretion in te r*/in+ o- te"ecret)r o- te %e#)rtent o- *!tice %O ic, in t*rn, $i!i!!e$te criin)/ co#/)int -or Estafa, i.e., io/)tion o- "ection 13 oPre!i$enti)/ %ecree No. 1 15 Tr*!t Recei#t! L), in re/)tion to Artic/e315, #)r)+r)# b o- te Rei!e$ Pen)/ &o$e, -i/e$ b #etitionePi/i##ine N)tion)/ B)n7 PNB )+)in!t re!#on$ent Li/i)n ". "ori)no"ori)no.2

8ir!t, te o!ten!ib/ !i#/e -)ct! )! -o*n$ b te &o*rt o- A##e)/! )n$)$o#te$ b PNB in it! #etition )n$ eor)n$*9

On :)rc 20, 1;;, ten$e$ ) cre$it -)ci/it in te -or o- H*n$re$ 8ort 8o*rTo*!)n$ Nine H*n$re$ 8ort 8o*r Pe!o! )n$ 8i-t8ie &ent)o! ?2;,644,;44.55 )! te o*t!t)n$in+#rinci#)/ b)/)nce


7/11

8i-t 8ie &ent)o! ?2;,4@,@44.55. %e!#ite !eer)/-or)/ $e)n$!, re!#on$ent "ori)no -)i/e$ )n$re-*!e$ to t*rn oer te !)i$ > >. (i/e it i! tr*e t)t !)i$ re!tr*ct*rin+ )! )##roe$, te !)e)! neer i#/eente$ bec)*!e


8/11

Recor$! !o t)t ) co# o- te Re!o/*tion -ro te%e#)rtent o- *!tice #ro*/+)te$ on October 2@,2002 )! receie$ b ti! &o*rt, sic $enin+ te:otion -or Recon!i$er)tion o- te Re!o/*tion No. 320,!erie! o- 2002 reer!in+ t)t o- te &it Pro!ec*tor o-N)+) &it )n$ )t te !)e tie $irectin+ te /)tter tooe it /e)e o- co*rt -or te it$r))/ o- tein-or)tion! -or E!t)-) )+)in!t Li/i)n "ori)no.

Accor$in+/, te #ro!ec*tion i! ereb +ien -i-teen15 $)! -ro recei#t ereo- itin ic to co#/it te $irectie o- te %e#)rtent o- *!tice.

2. 21 8ebr*)r 200312

8in$in+ te :otion to (it$r) In-or)tion! -i/e$ bPro!. E$+)r I#eri)/ $*/ )##roe$ b te &itPro!ec*tor o- N)+) &it to be eritorio*! te !)e i!ereb +r)nte$. A! #r)e$ -or, te In-or)tion! in&ri. &)!e! No!. RT& 20010641 to 200106;3entit/e$, Peo#/e o- te Pi/i##ine! !. Li/i)n ". "ori)no,con!i!tin+ o- -i-tto 52 c)!e! e>ce#t -or &ri. &)!eNo. RT& 2001061 ic )$ been #reio*!/$i!i!!e$, )re ereb or$ere$ (ITH%RA(N.

3. 15 */ 200313

Te #ro!ec*tion o- te criin)/ c)!e! erein -i/e$bein+ *n$er te contro/ o- te &it Pro!ec*tor, teit$r))/ o- te !)i$ c)!e! b te Pro!ec*tion /e)e!ti! &o*rt ito*t )*torit to rein!t)te, reie or re-i/ete !)e.

(ere-ore, te :otion -or Recon!i$er)tion -i/e$ b te#ri)te co#/)in)nt i! ereb %ENIE%.

(it te $eni)/ o- it! :otion -or Recon!i$er)tion o- te 25 *ne 2002Re!o/*tion o- te "ecret)r o- te %O, PNB -i/e$ ) #etition-or certiorari be-ore te &o*rt o- A##e)/! )//e+in+ t)t9

A. THE "E&RETARJ O8 THE %O &O::ITTE% GRADE AB"E O8%I"&RETION A:ONTING TO (ANT OR E&E"" O8

RI"%I&TION IN REDER"ING AN% "ETTING A"I%E THERE"OLTON O8 THE &ITJ PRO"E&TOR O8 NAGA &ITJ8IN%ING A PRI:A 8A&IE &A"E AGAIN"T PRIDATE RE"PON%ENTtin+*i!e$ "ori)no! criin)/ /i)bi/it tere-or.

It )! not e!c)#e$ *! t)t PNB! !econ$ )n$ tir$ i!!*e! $e/e intote tree 3 Or$er! o- te RT& ic )re not te !*bCect o- te#etition be-ore *!. To c/)ri-, te in!t)nt #etition )!!)i/! te %eci!ion ote )##e//)te co*rt in &AG.R. "P No. 6243 ic, e!!enti)//)--ire$ te r*/in+ o- te %O in I.". No!. 20001123, 20001133 )n$200011@4. A! #reio*!/ n)rr)te$, te %O Re!o/*tion bec)e teb)!i! o- te RT&! Or$er! +r)ntin+ te it$r))/ o- te In-or)tion!)+)in!t "ori)no. 8ro te!e RT& Or$er!, te ree$ o- PNB )! to-i/e ) #etition -or certiorari be-ore te &o*rt o- A##e)/! )//e+in+ +r)e)b*!e o- $i!cretion in te i!!*)nce tereo-.

Hoeer, -or c/)rit )n$ to obi)te con-*!ion, e !)// -ir!t $i!#o!e ote #eri#er)/ i!!*e! r)i!e$ b PNB9

1. (eter te it$r))/ o- &riin)/ &)!e! No!. 20010641 to 200106;3 )+)in!t "ori)no )! $irecte$ b te %O io/)te! te e//e!t)b/i!e$ r*/e t)t once te tri)/ co*rt )c*ire! C*ri!$iction oer )c)!e, it i! ret)ine$ *nti/ terin)tion o- /iti+)tion.

2. (eter te rein!t)teent o- &riin)/ &)!e! No!. 20010641 to200106;3 io/)te te con!tit*tion)/ #roi!ion )+)in!t $o*b/e Ceo#)r$.

(e r*/e in te ne+)tie.

Preci!e/, te it$r))/ o- &riin)/ &)!e! No!. 20010641 to 200106;3 )! or$ere$ b te RT&. In #)rtic*/)r, te "ecret)r o- te %O$irecte$ &it Pro!ec*tor o- N)+) &it to oe, it /e)e o- co*rt, -orte it$r))/ o- te In-or)tion! -or estafa )+)in!t "ori)no"i+ni-ic)nt/, te tri)/ co*rt +)e te #ro!ec*tion -i-teen 15 $)!itin ic to co#/ it te %O! $irectie, )n$ tere*#on, re)$i/+r)nte$ te otion. In$ee$, te it$r))/ o- te criin)/ c)!e! $i$

not occ*r, nay, co*/$ not )e occ*rre$, ito*t te tri)co*rt! imprimatur. A! !*c, te %O! $irectie -or te it$r))/ ote criin)/ c)!e! )+)in!t "ori)no $i$ not $ie!t nor o*!t te tri)/ co*ro- it! C*ri!$iction.

Re+rett)b/, ) #er*!)/ o- te RT&! Or$er! ree)/! t)t te tri)/ co*rre/ie$ !o/e/ on te Re!o/*tion o- te %O "ecret)r )n$ i!$eterin)tion t)t te In-or)tion! -or estafa )+)in!t "ori)no o*+t tobe it$r)n. Te tri)/ co*rt )b$ic)te$ it! C*$ici)/ #oer )n$ re-*!e$ to#er-or ) #o!itie $*t enCoine$ b /). On one occ)!ion, e )e$ec/)re$ t)t i/e te recoen$)tion o- te #ro!ec*tor or te r*/in+o- te "ecret)r o- *!tice i! #er!*)!ie, it i! not bin$in+ onco*rt!.16(e !)// ret*rn to ti! #oint !ort/.

In te !)e ein, te rein!t)teent o- te criin)/ c)!e! )+)in!"ori)no i// not io/)te er con!tit*tion)/ ri+t )+)in!t $o*b/e Ceo#)r$.

"ection ,1R*/e 11 o- te R*/e! o- &o*rt #roi$e! -or te re*i!ite!

-or $o*b/e Ceo#)r$ to !et in9 1 ) -ir!t Ceo#)r$ )tt)ce$ #rior to te!econ$ 2 te -ir!t Ceo#)r$ )! been )/i$/ terin)te$ )n$ 3 )!econ$ Ceo#)r$ i! -or te !)e o--en!e )! in te -ir!t. A -ir!t Ceo#)r$)tt)ce! on/ ) )-ter ) )/i$ in$ictent b be-ore ) co#etent co*rtc )-ter )rr)i+nent $ en ) )/i$ #/e) )! been entere$ )n$e en te )cc*!e$ )! been )c*itte$ or conicte$, or te c)!e$i!i!!e$ or oteri!e terin)te$ ito*t i! e>#re!! con!ent.1@

In te #re!ent c)!e, te it$r))/ o- te criin)/ c)!e! $i$ noinc/*$e ) c)te+oric)/ $i!i!!)/ tereo- b te RT&. %o*b/e Ceo#)r$)$ not !et in bec)*!e "ori)no )! not )c*itte$ nor )! tere ) )/i$)n$ /e+)/ $i!i!!)/ or terin)tion o- te -i-t one 51 c)!e! )+)in!er. It !t)n$! to re)!on tere-ore t)t te -i-t re*i!ite ic re*ire!coniction or )c*itt)/ o- te )cc*!e$, or te $i!i!!)/ o- te c)!eito*t te )##ro)/ o- te )cc*!e$, )! not et.
http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2012/oct2012/gr_164051_2012.html#fnt12http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2012/oct2012/gr_164051_2012.html#fnt13http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2012/oct2012/gr_164051_2012.html#fnt14http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2012/oct2012/gr_164051_2012.html#fnt15http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2012/oct2012/gr_164051_2012.html#fnt16http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2012/oct2012/gr_164051_2012.html#fnt17http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2012/oct2012/gr_164051_2012.html#fnt18http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2012/oct2012/gr_164051_2012.html#fnt12http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2012/oct2012/gr_164051_2012.html#fnt13http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2012/oct2012/gr_164051_2012.html#fnt14http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2012/oct2012/gr_164051_2012.html#fnt15http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2012/oct2012/gr_164051_2012.html#fnt16http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2012/oct2012/gr_164051_2012.html#fnt17http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2012/oct2012/gr_164051_2012.html#fnt18


9/11

On bot i!!*e!, te recent c)!e o- Cerezo v. People,1; i! en/i+tenin+.In Cerezo, te tri)/ co*rt !i#/ -o//oe$ te #ro!ec*tion! /e)$ on oto #rocee$ it te /ibe/ c)!e )+)in!t te tree )cc*!e$. Te#ro!ec*tion tice c)n+e$ teir in$ on eter tere )! #rob)b/ec)*!e to in$ict te )cc*!e$ -or /ibe/. On bot occ)!ion!, te tri)/ co*rt+r)nte$ te #ro!ec*tor! otion!. /ti)te/, te %O "ecret)r$irecte$ te #ro!ec*tor to re-i/e te In-or)tion )+)in!t te )cc*!e$ic te tri)/ co*rt -ortit rein!t)te$. R*/in+ on te !)e i!!*e!r)i!e$ b PNB in ti! c)!e, e e#)!ie$, t*!9

> > >. In t*! re!o/in+ ) otion to $i!i!! ) c)!e or to it$r) )nIn-or)tion, te tri)/ co*rt !o*/$ not re/ !o/e/ )n$ ere/ on te-in$in+! o- te #*b/ic #ro!ec*tor or te "ecret)r o- *!tice. It i! teco*rt! bo*n$en $*t to )!!e!! in$e#en$ent/ te erit! o- te otion,)n$ ti! )!!e!!ent *!t be ebo$ie$ in ) ritten or$er $i!#o!in+ o-te otion. > > >.

In ti! c)!e, it i! obio*! -ro te :)rc 1, 2004Or$er o- te RT&, $i!i!!in+ te criin)/ c)!e, t)tte RT& C*$+e -)i/e$ to )7e i! on $eterin)tion o-eter or not tere )! )prima faciec)!e to o/$re!#on$ent! -or tri)/. He -)i/e$ to )7e )n in$e#en$ente)/*)tion or )!!e!!ent o- te erit! o- te c)!e.Te RT& C*$+e b/in$/ re/ie$ on te )ni-e!t)tion )n$recoen$)tion o- te #ro!ec*tor en e !o*/$)e been ore circ*!#ect )n$ C*$icio*! in re!o/in+te :otion to %i!i!! )n$ (it$r) In-or)tione!#eci)// !o en te #ro!ec*tion )##e)re$ to be*ncert)in, *n$eci$e$, )n$ irre!o/*te on eter toin$ict re!#on$ent!.

Te !)e o/$! tr*e it re!#ect to te October 24,2006 Or$er, ic rein!t)te$ te c)!e. Te RT& C*$+e-)i/e$ to )7e ) !e#)r)te e)/*)tion )n$ ere/))ite$ te re!o/*tion o- te %O "ecret)r. Ti! i!ei$ent -ro te +ener)/ tenor o- te Or$er )n$i+/i+te$ in te -o//oin+ #ortion tereo-9

A! $i!c*!!e$ $*rin+ te e)rin+ o- te:otion -or Recon!i$er)tion, te &o*rti// re!o/e it $e#en$in+ on teo*tcoe o- te Petition -or Reie.&on!i$erin+ te -in$in+! o- te%e#)rtent o- *!tice reer!in+ te

re!o/*tion o- te &it Pro!ec*tor, te&o*rt +ie! -)or)b/e )ction to te:otion -or Recon!i$er)tion.

B re/in+ !o/e/ on te )ni-e!t)tion o- te #*b/ic#ro!ec*tor )n$ te re!o/*tion o- te %O "ecret)r,te tri)/ co*rt )b$ic)te$ it! C*$ici)/ #oer )n$ re-*!e$to #er-or ) #o!itie $*t enCoine$ b /). Te !)i$Or$er! ere t*! !t)ine$ it +r)e )b*!e o-$i!cretion )n$ io/)te$ te co#/)in)nt! ri+t to $*e#roce!!. Te ere oi$, )$ no /e+)/ !t)n$in+, )n$#ro$*ce$ no e--ect )t!oeer.

> > > >

It i! beon$ c)i/ t)t $o*b/e Ceo#)r$ $i$ not !et in.%o*b/e Ceo#)r$ e>i!t! en te -o//oin+ re*i!ite!)re #re!ent9 1 ) -ir!t Ceo#)r$ )tt)ce$ #rior to te!econ$ 2 te -ir!t Ceo#)r$ )! been )/i$/terin)te$ )n$ 3 ) !econ$ Ceo#)r$ i! -or te !)eo--en!e )! in te -ir!t. A -ir!t Ceo#)r$ )tt)ce! on/ ))-ter ) )/i$ in$ictent b be-ore ) co#etent co*rtc )-ter )rr)i+nent $ en ) )/i$ #/e) )! beenentere$ )n$ e en te )cc*!e$ )! been )c*itte$or conicte$, or te c)!e $i!i!!e$ or oteri!eterin)te$ ito*t i! e>#re!! con!ent.

"ince e )e e/$ t)t te :)rc 1, 2004 Or$er+r)ntin+ te otion to $i!i!! )! coitte$ it+r)e )b*!e o- $i!cretion, ten re!#on$ent! ere not

)c*itte$ nor )! tere ) )/i$ )n$ /e+)/ $i!i!!)/ orterin)tion o- te c)!e. Er+o, te -i-t re*i!ite icre*ire! te coniction )n$ )c*itt)/ o- te )cc*!e$, orte $i!i!!)/ o- te c)!e ito*t te )##ro)/ o- te)cc*!e$, )! not et. T*!, $o*b/e Ceo#)r$ )! not!et in.20 E#)!i! !*##/ie$

(e no coe to te cr*> o- te )tter9 eter te re!tr*ct*rin+ oLI"A:! /o)n )cco*nt e>tin+*i!e$ "ori)no! criin)/ / i)bi/it.

PNB )$it! t)t )/to*+ it )$ )##roe$ LI"A:! re!tr*ct*rin+#ro#o!)/, te )ct*)/ re!tr*ct*rin+ o- LI"A:! )cco*nt con!i!tin+ o

!eer)/ cre$it /ine! )! neer re$*ce$ into ritin+. PNB )r+*e! t)te !ti#*/)tion! terein !*c )! te #roi!ion! on te !ce$*/e o#)ent o- te #rinci#)/ ob/i+)tion, intere!t!, )n$ #en)/tie!, *!t be inritin+ to be )/i$ )n$ bin$in+ beteen te #)rtie!. PNB -*rte#o!t*/)te! t)t )!!*in+ te re!tr*ct*rin+ )! re$*ce$ into ritin+LI"A: -)i/e$ to co#/ it te con$ition! #rece$ent -or it! e--ectiit!#eci-ic)//, te #)ent o- intere!t )n$ oter c)r+e!, )n$ te!*bi!!ion o- te tit/e! to te re)/ #ro#ertie! in Tandang Sora, *eon&it. On te o/e, PNB i! )$))nt t)t te eent! concernin+ tere!tr*ct*rin+ o- LI"A:! /o)n $i$ not )--ect te TR !ec*rit, t*!"ori)no! criin)/ /i)bi/it tere*n$er !*b!i!t!.

On te oter )n$, te )##e//)te co*rt )+ree$ it te r*/in+ o- te%O "ecret)r t)t te )##ro)/ o- LI"A:! re!tr*ct*rin+ #ro#o!)/een i- not re$*ce$ into ritin+, c)n+e$ te !t)t*! o- LI"A:! /o)n-ro bein+ !ec*re$ it Tr*!t Recei#t! TR! to one o- )n or$in)r/o)n, non#)ent o- ic $oe! not +ie ri!e to criin)/ /i)bi/it. Te

&o*rt o- A##e)/! $ec/)re$ t)t tere )! no bre)c o- tr*!t con!tit*tieo- estafa tro*+ i!)##ro#ri)tion or coner!ion ere tere/)tion!i# beteen te #)rtie! i! !i#/ t)t o- cre$itor )n$ $ebtornot )! entr*!ter )n$ entr*!tee.

(e c)nnot !*b!cribe to te )##e//)te co*rt! re)!onin+. Te %O"ecret)r! )n$ te &o*rt o- A##e)/! o/$in+ t)t, te !*##o!e$re!tr*ct*rin+ no)te$ te /o)n )+reeent beteen te #)rtie! i!o#ic.

To be+in it, te #*r#orte$ re!tr*ct*rin+ o- te /o)n )+reeent $i$not con!tit*te no)tion.

No)tion i! one o- te o$e! o- e>tin+*i!ent o- ob/i+)tion!21 it i! )!in+/e C*ri$ic)/ )ct it ) $i#tc -*nction. Te !*b!tit*tion or c)n+e ote ob/i+)tion b ) !*b!e*ent one e>tin+*i!e! te -ir!t, re!*/tin+ inte cre)tion o- ) ne ob/i+)tion in /ie* o- te o/$.22It i! not ) co#/eteob/iter)tion o- te ob/i+orob/i+ee re/)tion!i#, b*t o#er)te! )! )re/)tie e>tinction o- te ori+in)/ ob/i+)tion.

Artic/e 12;2 o- te &ii/ &o$e ic #roi$e!9

Art. 12;2. In or$er t)t )n ob/i+)tion ) bee>tin+*i!e$ b )noter ic !*b!tit*te! te !)e, iti! i#er)tie t)t it be !o $ec/)re$ in *ne*ioc)/ter!, or t)t te o/$ )n$ te ne ob/i+)tion! be oneer #oint inco#)tib/e it e)c oter.

conte#/)te! to 7in$! o- no)tion9 e>#re!! or i#/ie$. Tee>tin+*i!ent o- te o/$ ob/i+)tion b te ne one i! ) nece!!)re/eent o- no)tion, ic ) be e--ecte$ eiter e>#re!!/ oi#/ie$/.

In or$er -or no)tion to t)7e #/)ce, te conc*rrence o- te -o//oin+

re*i!ite! i! in$i!#en!)b/e9

1 Tere *!t be ) #reio*! )/i$ ob/i+)tion

2 Tere *!t be )n )+reeent o- te #)rtie!concerne$ to ) ne contr)ct

3 Tere *!t be te e>tin+*i!ent o- te o/$contr)ct )n$

4 Tere *!t be te )/i$it o- te ne contr)ct.23

No)tion i! neer #re!*e$, )n$ te animus novandi, eter tot)//or #)rti)//, *!t )##e)r b e>#re!! )+reeent o- te #)rtie!, or b
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10/11

teir )ct! t)t )re too c/e)r )n$ *ni!t)7)b/e. Te contr)ctin+ #)rtie!*!t incontroertib/ $i!c/o!e t)t teir obCect in e>ec*tin+ te necontr)ct i! to e>tin+*i! te o/$ one. #on te oter )n$, no !#eci-ic-or i! re*ire$ -or )n i#/ie$ no)tion, )n$ )// t)t i! #re!cribe$ b/) o*/$ be )n inco#)tibi/it beteen te tocontr)ct!.24 Nonete/e!!, bot 7in$! o- no)tion *!t !ti// be c/e)r/#roen.25

In ti! c)!e, ito*t ) ritten contr)ct !t)tin+ in *ne*ioc)/ ter! t)tte #)rtie! ere no)tin+ te ori+in)/ /o)n )+reeent, t*!*n$o*bte$/ e/iin)tin+ )n e>#re!! no)tion, e /oo7 to eter terei! )n inco#)tibi/it beteen te 8/oor "toc7 Line !ec*re$ b TR! )n$te !*b!e*ent re!tr*ct*re$ Onib*! Line ic )! !*##o!e$/)##roe$ b PNB.

"ori)no i! con-i$ent it er )!!ertion t)t PNB! )##ro)/ o- er#ro#o!)/ to re!tr*ct*re LI"A:! /o)n no)te$ te /o)n )+reeent!ec*re$ b TR!. "ori)no re/ie! on te -o//oin+9

1. > > >. A// te )//e+e$ tr*!t recei#t )+reeent! ere ))i/ent! )$eb >.

2. On "e#teber 22, 1;;@, :r. Aen+o) !ent ) /etterto i!tin+ cre$it -)ci/itie! )tPNB, ic inc/*$e! te 8"L on ic te tr*!trecei#t! )re ))i/ent!, to > >.26

"ori)no! re/i)nce tereon i! i!#/)ce$. Te )##ro)/ o- LI"A:!re!tr*ct*rin+ #ro#o!)/ i! not te bone o- contention in ti! c)!e. Te

#it o- te i!!*e /ie! in eter, )!!*in+ ) re!tr*ct*rin+ )! e--ecte$,it e>tin+*i!e$ te criin)/ /i)bi/it on te /o)n ob/i+)tion !ec*re$ btr*!t recei#t!, b e>tin+*i!in+ te entr*!terentr*!tee re/)tion!i# )n$!*b!tit*tin+ it it t)t o- )n or$in)r cre$itor$ebtor re/)tion!i#."t)te$ $i--erent/, e e>)ine eter te 8/oor "toc7 Line i!inco#)tib/e it te #*r#orte$ re!tr*ct*re$ Onib*! Line.

Te te!t o- inco#)tibi/it i! eter te to ob/i+)tion! c)n !t)n$to+eter, e)c one )in+ it! in$e#en$ent e>i!tence. I- te c)nnot,te )re inco#)tib/e )n$ te /)tter ob/i+)tion no)te! te -ir!t.&oro//)ri/, c)n+e! t)t bree$ inco#)tibi/it *!t be e!!enti)/ inn)t*re )n$ not ere/ )cci$ent)/. Te inco#)tibi/it *!t t)7e #/)cein )n o- te e!!enti)/ e/eent! o- te ob/i+)tion, !*c )! it! obCect,c)*!e or #rinci#)/ con$ition! tereo- oteri!e, te c)n+e o*/$ beere/ o$i-ic)tor in n)t*re )n$ in!*--icient to e>tin+*i! te ori+in)/ob/i+)tion.2

(e )e !co*re$ te recor$! )n$ -o*n$ no inco#)tibi/it beteen te8/oor "toc7 Line )n$ te #*r#orte$ re!tr*ct*re$ Onib*! Line. (i/ete re!tr*ct*rin+ )! )##roe$ in #rinci#/e, te e--ectiit tereo- )!!*bCect to con$ition! #rece$ent !*c )! te #)ent o- intere!t )n$oter c)r+e!, )n$ te !*bi!!ion o- te tit/e! to te re)/ #ro#ertie!in Tandang Sora, *eon &it. Te!e con$ition! #rece$ent i#o!e$on te re!tr*ct*re$ Onib*! Line ere neer re-*te$ b "ori)no o,o$$/ eno*+, -)i/e$ to -i/e ) :eor)n$*. To o*r in$, "ori)no!b)re )!!ertion t)t te re!tr*ct*rin+ )! )##roe$ b PNB c)nnote*)te to ) -in$in+ o- )n i#/ie$ no)tion ic e>tin+*i!e$ "ori)no!ob/i+)tion )! entr*!tee *n$er te TR!.

:oreoer, )! )!!erte$ b "ori)no in er co*nter)--i$)it, te )ier#ert)in! to #en)/t c)r+e! on te 8/oor "toc7 Line. Tere i! no!oin+ t)t te )ier e>tin+*i!e$ "ori)no! ob/i+)tion to !e// teec*te$ )n )+reeent tore!tr*ct*re Tr)n!#)ci-icM! ob/i+)tion!.

Te B)n7 on/ e>ten$e$ te re#)ent ter o- tetr*!t recei#t! -ro ;0 $)! to one e)r it ont/in!t)//ent )t 5 #er )nn* oer #rie r)te or 30

#er )nn* iceer i! i+er. 8*rterore, teintere!t r)te! ere -/e>ib/e in t)t te )re !*bCect toreie eer )orti)tion $*e. (eter te ter!)##e)re$ to be ore onero*! or not i!i)teri)/.1#i1 &o*rt! )re not )*torie$ toe>tric)te #)rtie! -ro te nece!!)r con!e*ence! o-teir )ct!. Te #)rtie! i// not be re/iee$ -ro teirob/i+)tion! )! tere )! )b!o/*te/ no intention b te#)rtie! to !*#er!e$e or )bro+)te te tr*!t recei#ttr)n!)ction!. Te intention o- te ne )+reeent )!#reci!e/ to reie te o/$ ob/i+)tion )-ter te ori+in)/#erio$ e>#ire$ )n$ te /o)n re)ine$ *n#)i$. (e//!ett/e$ i! te r*/e t)t, it re!#ect to ob/i+)tion! to#) ) !* o- one, te ob/i+)tion i! not no)te$ b)n in!tr*ent t)t e>#re!!/ reco+nie! te o/$,c)n+e! on/ te ter! o- #)ent, )$$! oterob/i+)tion! not inco#)tib/e it te o/$ one!, or te

ne contr)ct ere/ !*##/eent! te o/$ one.31

B)!e$ on )// te -ore+oin+, e -in$ +r)e error in te &o*rt o- A##e)/!$i!i!!)/ o- PNB! #etition -or certiorari. &ert)in/, i/e te$eterin)tion o- #rob)b/e c)*!e to in$ict ) re!#on$ent -or ) crie /ie!it te #ro!ec*tor, te $i!cretion *!t not be e>erci!e$ in )i!ic)/ or $e!#otic )nner t)nt)o*nt to +r)e )b*!e o- $i!cretion.

(HERE8ORE, te #etition i! GRANTE%. Te %eci!ion o- te &o*rt oA##e)/! in &AG.R. "P No. 6243 -in$in+ no +r)e )b*!e o- $i!cretionon te #)rt o- te "ecret)r o- *!tice i! REDER"E% )n$ "ET A"I%E.

Te Re!o/*tion o- te "ecret)r o- *!tice $)te$ 25 *ne 2002$irectin+ te &it Pro!ec*tor o- N)+) &it to oe -or te it$r))/ ote In-or)tion! -or estafa in re/)tion to te Tr*!t Recei#t! L) )+)in!re!#on$ent Li/i)n ". "ori)no, )n$ i! 2; October 2002 Re!o/*tion
http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2012/oct2012/gr_164051_2012.html#fnt24http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2012/oct2012/gr_164051_2012.html#fnt25http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2012/oct2012/gr_164051_2012.html#fnt26http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2012/oct2012/gr_164051_2012.html#fnt27http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2012/oct2012/gr_164051_2012.html#fnt28http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2012/oct2012/gr_164051_2012.html#fnt29http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2012/oct2012/gr_164051_2012.html#fnt30http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2012/oct2012/gr_164051_2012.html#fnt31http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2012/oct2012/gr_164051_2012.html#fnt24http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2012/oct2012/gr_164051_2012.html#fnt25http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2012/oct2012/gr_164051_2012.html#fnt26http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2012/oct2012/gr_164051_2012.html#fnt27http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2012/oct2012/gr_164051_2012.html#fnt28http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2012/oct2012/gr_164051_2012.html#fnt29http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2012/oct2012/gr_164051_2012.html#fnt30http://www.lawphil.net/judjuris/juri2012/oct2012/gr_164051_2012.html#fnt31


11/11

$enin+ #etitionerM! :otion -or Recon!i$er)tion,)re ANNLLE%)n$ "ET A"I%E -or )in+ been i!!*e$ it +r)e)b*!e o- $i!cretion )n$ te Re!o/*tion or te N)+) &it Pro!ec*torM!O--ice $)te$ 1; :)rc 2001, -in$in+ #rob)b/e c)*!e )+)in!t ereinre!#on$ent, i! REIN"TATE%.&on!e*ent/, te Or$er! o- teRe+ion)/ Tri)/ &o*rt, Br)nc 21 o- N)+) &it in &riin)/ &)!e! No!.20010641 to 200106;3, e>ce#t &riin)/ &)!e No. 2001061, $)te$2 Noeber 2002, 21 8ebr*)r 2003 )n$ 15 */ 2003 )re "ET

A"I%E )n$ it! Or$er o- 16 October 2002 re!ettin+ te contin*)tion orte #retri)/ i! REIN"TATE%.Te RT& i! -*rter or$ere$ to con$*ct te#retri)/ it $i!#)tc.

"O OR%ERE%.

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