new cosmologist

7/28/2019 New Cosmologist

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New Cosmologist

About Outstanding Questions

Corrections Bio

18Mar

13

Time, Unity, and God?

Bynewcosmologist1 Comment

Categories:The Model

Tags:cascading,essence states,God,philosophy,religion,Time

In thispost Id like to look more closely at the highest of the essence states, Time (S7)how it

operates and how we can think of it, metaphysically. Please forgive me for any ramblings, I am

neither a trained philosopher nor a religious scholar so I might possibly confuse certain things. I

honestly mean no offense to anyone.

As detailed inearlier posts, all essential elements start with 100% of their essence in the S7 state.

From here, the cascade of essence states takes place, with proportions of an elements essencemoving probabilistically through the S6, S5, , and S1 states. I have labeled S7 as Time because

the proportion of essence in an elements S7 state determines how quicklyor at what timethe

next possible cascade for that element is. S7 can be thought of as themetronomeof the Universe,setting the pace for evolution and transformation.

One thing to consider, though, is that perhaps time is merely an expression of essence in S7much likeenergy is an expression of essence in S2/S1. In that case, S7 might be better labeled

with some other name. When I first envisioned Cascading Essence Cosmology, I had named S7

as Time/God.

How did I come up with that name? My initial thoughts were as follows:

Before the Universe and time (as the marching ever onward phenomenon) as we knowit began, everything could be thought of as in the S7 state.

S7 is the highest possible state. All essential elements in the Universe emerge from a state of pure S7. Because of the proportional nature of cascades, all essential elements retain some

proportion of S7forever.For example, heres a possible distribution of essence for a

single element.
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The distribution of an essence element after 500 cascades.

S7 connects everything together in Unity.Im not an overly religious person, but these certainly sounded to me like some of the attributes

most commonly bestowed on creator-dieties in our human philosophies, whether under the name

of God, Allah, Brahma, Yahweh, Elohim, Jehovah, The One, or any of the other myriad labels.

Ill use God for these discussions going forward, only because that is the name most commonlyknown in my culture. Feel free to substitute your name(s) of choice.

A question that puzzles philosophers and scientists alike is if the Universe had a beginning, what

was it (if anything) that was there before the beginning and how did the Universe get started?

Who/what threw the switch? In the CEC model, is God the S 7 state of essence or the power that

started the cascading processor both?

One thing I do know is that there have been rare, fleeting moments in my life when I have felt

simultaneous separation from my distinct physical reality and a Unity with Oneness. One of themost powerful of these moments happened shortly after the idea of Cascading Essence

Cosmology came to me. The way I described it afterwards was that it was like looking into the

face of God.

There are lots of further questions about the S7state that Id like to eventually explore, such as:

Is there a method for communication between the S7 essence states in every element?And therefore between any two elements?

Does it make sense in the CEC model to think of separate beings of S7, like we think ofseparate Spirits, Thoughts, or beings of Space?

Once an essential element cascades to mostly being in the S1 state, is there any path backto a more S7-like expression?

Is God diminished in any way by the constant cascading of essence into the lowerdensities?

Is God truly unknowable or can we through our models explain God in any meaningfulway?
http://newcosmologist.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/cascade500.jpg


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etc., etc.If you have any thoughts about this and would like to share them in a respectful, open way,please add a comment to this post and lets get the discussion going.

12Mar

13

A Matter of Scale

BynewcosmologistLeave a CommentCategories:Predictions and TestsandThe Model

Tags:atoms,fission,galactic groups,galaxies,molecules,planetary systems,planets,radioactive

decay,reactions,scale

So far, Ive been painting the mix of essential elements that make up the observable Universewith a pretty broad brush. Large densities (like stars, quasars, or black/grey holes) have beendescribed as random mixes of individual essential elements of different distributions and sizes.

In a way thats true according to CEC, the whole Universe is a mosaic of elements flowing

from high density states to low density states and collecting together in like distribution (due to

cohesion) over timeand in another way its a gross oversimplification. Sometimes we have tosimplify things to adequately describe themat least at first.

The reality of the Universe, I believe, is that essential elements are organized into a series ofdensity structures, smaller within larger, in a progression of scale, so to speak. The beauty of this

hierarchy is that very similar structures and processes can be imagined at each level of scale. As

within, so without.

The basic structure that occurs at several scales is best pictured as that of aplanetary system. A

number of smaller densities (planets, comets, etc.) are held in orbit at varying distances bycohesion/gravity to a central relatively large and dense core (star). Most of the overall system is

dominated by ultra-low density elements in which everything else swims. For the most part,

the system, though in motion, is in a stable stateoccasionally disturbed by either minor ormassive forces that cause expulsion, attraction, or addition of new objects.
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This artists concept illustrates a young, red dwarf star surrounded by three planets.

[Image: Wikimedia Commons]

The next step up in scale from a planetary system would be agalaxy. Galaxies have many, many

planetary systems and other objects that orbit at varying distances around a central core (usually

in the form of a super-massive black hole). Again, much of the space they occupy is filled withnon-dense elements (space). Galaxies have their own internal dynamics, just like planetary

systems do.

The first step down in scale from a planetary system could be thought of as a planet itself. Manyplanets are orbited by one or more smaller natural satellites (moons) or rings (Saturn). Earth is

also orbited by man-made satellites and other space junk.

The next step down in scale would be anatom. Atoms have smaller objects (electrons) orbiting

at varying distances around a more dense core (nucleus). Once again, much of an atom can bethought of as empty space, filled with low-density essential elements.

A sodium atom with 11 electrons orbiting a central nucleus at three separate distances.[Image: Wikimedia Commons]

These four scales are the ones most easy to understandthe common model already describesthem as orbital systems. However, it is possible that the paradigm might also be applicable at

other scales.

One the one side, the wavelike nature of essence entering the Space states might describe mini-Universes that exist within a larger super-Universeand these mini-Universes might behave in

similar, orbital ways. (More on mini-Universes in a future post.)

On the other, smaller side, because essential elements are so relatively tiny, they might go into

making up what are currently quantified asquantum elements. These quanta might themselvesfollow an orbital paradigm.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantumhttp://newcosmologist.files.wordpress.com/2013/03/electron_shell_011_sodium-svg.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantumhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxy


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In current thinking, there are many who believe that structures and processes do not operate the

same on the large and small scales.Max Plancktheorized that there are values above which

one set of rules can be applied and below which another set must be applied. These are called thePlanck Scale and have different values when speaking about time, mass, or length. From

Wikipedia:

In particle physics and physical cosmology, the Planck scale (named after Max Planck) is an

energy scale around 1.22 1019

GeV (which corresponds by the massenergy equivalence to the

Planck mass 2.17645 108

kg) at which quantum effects of gravity become strong. At thisscale, present descriptions and theories of sub-atomic particle interactions in terms of quantum

field theory break down and become inadequate, due to the impact of the apparent non-

renormalizability of gravity within current theories.

Id like to leave as an open question at this point, whether the CEC model can encompass scales

beyond the Planck scale within a single description.

How can we draw further possible connections between the processes that happen on differentscales? There are many, many parallels that could be drawn, but Im going to focus on just one

for this postthe parallel between collisions between galaxies and chemical reactions betweenatoms/molecules.

In a simpleexothermic reaction, two molecules collide, producing different combinations of theiratoms (i.e., different molecules) plus the release of extra energy. For example, the burning of

hydrogen:

2H2 (g) + O2(g) 2H2O (g)

H = 483.6 kJ/mol of O2

could be thought of as a collision between a galactic group with four hydrogen galaxies and a

galactic group with two oxygen galaxies. After the collision, there are two similar galacticgroups each consisting of one oxygen galaxy and two hydrogen galaxies. In the process of the

collision and re-ordering of the galactic groups, a certain amount of energy (in this case, in the

form of heat) is released.

Similarly, the process ofradioactive decaycan be imagined as a massive expulsion from an

unstable galaxy, while the process ofnuclear fissioncan be thought of as a small, dense core

being shot into an unstable galactic core, causing the galaxy to be split into two, smaller galaxies(and the release of energy and additional small, dense cores).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planckhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planckhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planckhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planck_scalehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planck_scalehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exothermic_reactionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exothermic_reactionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exothermic_reactionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioactive_decayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioactive_decayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioactive_decayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_fissionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_fissionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_fissionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_fissionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radioactive_decayhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exothermic_reactionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planck_scalehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Planck


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An induced fission reaction, resulting in lighter elements, three free neutrons, and gamma rays.

[Image: Wikimedia Commons]

I will further examine interactions and processes at these smaller (and super-large) scales in

future posts. For now, lets keep open to the possibility that there are parallels in different scales.

One other things that needs to be thought about is how a process, likeexpulsion, would takeplace across scales. For example, if a massive density (like our Sun) contains atoms of hydrogen

and helium, how exactly do individual essential elements get expelled as light? Do the get

expelled from the atomic level first and then travel outwards as single elements? Do they move

from atom to atom on their way out, each with its own expulsion characteristics? How does allthis impact the more general formulas that represent expulsion?

All fascinating questions for another day.

09

Mar13

Accretion and Expulsion

BynewcosmologistLeave a CommentCategories:Predictions and TestsandThe Model

Id like to talk some more about how massive densities (stars, black/grey holes, quasars, etc.)

attract essential elements from outside themselves through the force of cohesion. Thisphenomenon is called accretion, which is defined onWikipediaas follows:
http://newcosmologist.com/2013/02/21/the-speed-of-expulsion/http://newcosmologist.com/2013/02/21/the-speed-of-expulsion/http://newcosmologist.com/2013/02/21/the-speed-of-expulsion/http://newcosmologist.com/2013/03/09/accretion-and-expulsion/http://newcosmologist.com/2013/03/09/accretion-and-expulsion/http://newcosmologist.com/author/http://newcosmologist.com/author/http://newcosmologist.com/2013/03/09/accretion-and-expulsion/#respondhttp://newcosmologist.com/2013/03/09/accretion-and-expulsion/#respondhttp://newcosmologist.com/2013/03/09/accretion-and-expulsion/#respondhttp://newcosmologist.com/category/predictions-and-tests/http://newcosmologist.com/category/predictions-and-tests/http://newcosmologist.com/category/predictions-and-tests/http://newcosmologist.com/category/the-model/http://newcosmologist.com/category/the-model/http://newcosmologist.com/category/the-model/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accretion_%28astrophysics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accretion_%28astrophysics%29http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accretion_%28astrophysics%29http://newcosmologist.files.wordpress.com/2013/03/nuclear_fission-svg.pnghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accretion_%28astrophysics%29http://newcosmologist.com/category/the-model/http://newcosmologist.com/category/predictions-and-tests/http://newcosmologist.com/2013/03/09/accretion-and-expulsion/#respondhttp://newcosmologist.com/author/http://newcosmologist.com/2013/03/09/accretion-and-expulsion/http://newcosmologist.com/2013/02/21/the-speed-of-expulsion/


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The first and most common [definition of accretion] is the growth of a massive object by

gravitationally attracting more matter, typically gaseous matter in an accretion disc. Accretion

discs are common around smaller stars or stellar remnants in a close binary or black holes in thecenters of spiral galaxies.

Artists impression of a binary system with an accretion disc surrounding a black hole[Image: Wikimedia Commons]

In previous posts Ive mentioned how accretion fuels certain processes within specific types ofdensities and also can cause the transformation of a density from one type to another.

An example of the former is theperiodic change in luminosity of quasars, caused by accretedelements being expelled in mininovae.

An example of the latter isa black hole changing into a grey holeafter accreting enoughelements to start expulsion at speeds greater than escape velocity (ve), yet less than the minimum

speed of light (cmin).

While some transformations of massive densities (like stars changing to supernovae) can occur

without dependence on outside elements, accretion is nonetheless a powerful factor in shaping

the cosmos. So, what is it about accretion w.r.t. a certain massive density that is of importance?

1. The composition of elements being accretedA more-dense mix of essential element densities would increase the frequency of

mininovae within a quasar, for example, while a less-dense mix would increase theluminosity (in certain spectra) of a neutron star.

2. The rate of elements being accretedIf the rate at which essential elements are accreted into a massive density remainsrelatively steady, certain results can be extrapolated. If the rate falls below a threshold

rate it could cause, for example, a grey hole to eventually transform into a black hole.

Alternatively, an increase in rate could eventually cause a transformation in the otherdirection.
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Of course, changes in either of the above would affect a black hole somewhat differently than a

quasar or a pulsar. The effects are specific to the current state of the massive density in question.

Going by this, a sudden large change in both composition and rate of accretion could cause very

interesting results. For example, if two super-massive densities were to collide, the resulting

massive density could transform very rapidly (cosmologically speaking) and dramatically.

[Note: All such densities and transformations would also be affected by the slow, unstoppable

cascading process which transforms all essential elements to denser and denser representations inSpace. However, for the sake of simplicity, for the time being we'll focus on transformations

wrought through the more "immediate" effect of accretion.]

Trying to quantify the exact changes in composition and rate necessary to produce measurable

changes in a massive density would likely produce very complex equationsequations that Im

not quite ready to delve into yet. However, I think that theres enough clarity in the CascadingEssence Cosmology model at this time to put forward statements that general trends in

composition and/or rate of accretion should be met with certain general changes in identifiedmassive densities. To that end, if it becomes possible to somehow measure the rate and

composition of accretion into a massive density over time, CEC would predict manyobservations, including the following:

A grey hole with an accretion rate continually slowing down will eventually stopexpelling elements and become a black hole.

A black hole with a steady accretion rate will eventually transform into a grey hole. A large (super-massive?) black hole that consumes another massive density through

collision will (depending on the relative states of the black hole and the other density)

transform into a quasar.

A quasar with a steady (sufficient) increase in accretion rate and a stable accretioncomposition would display luminosity spikes (i.e., mininovae) at an accelerating rate.Likewise a steady (sufficient) decrease in accretion rate would cause a decelerating rate

of mininovae.

etc., etc.Once I can find some precise data on accretions being observed, I can determine whether theaccompanying observations are consistent with CECs view. If there are complete measurements

of expulsion characteristics as well, all the better!

07Mar

13

RethinkingCosmology

BynewcosmologistLeave a Comment
http://newcosmologist.com/2013/03/07/rethinking-cosmology/http://newcosmologist.com/2013/03/07/rethinking-cosmology/http://newcosmologist.com/2013/03/07/rethinking-cosmology/http://newcosmologist.com/2013/03/07/rethinking-cosmology/http://newcosmologist.com/author/http://newcosmologist.com/author/http://newcosmologist.com/2013/03/07/rethinking-cosmology/#respondhttp://newcosmologist.com/2013/03/07/rethinking-cosmology/#respondhttp://newcosmologist.com/2013/03/07/rethinking-cosmology/#respondhttp://newcosmologist.com/2013/03/07/rethinking-cosmology/#respondhttp://newcosmologist.com/author/http://newcosmologist.com/2013/03/07/rethinking-cosmology/


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Categories:In the NewsandThe Model

Tags:big bang,big bounce,inflation,lecture,models,Paul Steinhardt,Perimeter Institute,

quantum theory,Stephen Hawking

I wanted to pass along a recent talk from the Perimeter Institute (PI) byPaul Steinhardt, titled

Rethinking Cosmology. It is a great lecture to a non-professional audience about how thecurrent cosmological model (inflation+Big Bang+Quantum Theory+ ) has failed from a

theoretical placeand how it needs to be replaced (in part or whole) with a new theory.

For any of you who havent heard of thePerimeter Institute, heres a description from its

Wikipedia page:

Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics is an independent research centre in foundational,

theoretical physics located in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. It was founded in 1999In addition to

research, Perimeter also provides scientific training and educational outreach activities to thegeneral public. This is done in part through Perimeters Educational Outreach team .

Besides being the home of some of the worlds best theoretical minds (Stephen Hawkingis aregular visitor), PI is very close to my hometown and literally across the street from one of the

places I used to work.

Heres thelink to the pagefrom where the talk can be launched.

[Photo: Perimeter Institute]

The first 40 minutes of Steinhardts talk focusses on how the current Inflationary/Big Bang

model, while fitting many observations from the Universe, does not hold up theoretically. That

is, the theory falls apart in several places when examined very closely.

Some quotes from his talk:

The Big/Bang Inflationary paradigm we know has failed. That may not be a sentence you

have heard before, but is nevertheless true.It has taken a long time for us to begin to say it out

loud.

How do we re-explain all this data in the context of a theory that really is predictive?

What are the assumptions I was making before, because at least one of them is going to need to

be changed.
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Steinhardt then uses the last half of his talk to put forward his theory that replaces Inflation/Big

BangThe Big Bounce. As best I can understand it, The Big Bounce basically modifies the

current model somewhat to say that the/an earlier Universe contracted to a place where theprocess was reversed (a bounce) and expansion happened again to create our current Universe.

He believes that new model can overcome a lot of the difficulties with the current model.

The larger point here is that he puts it out there that the cosmological community recognizes (but

are hesitant to admit) that their currently accepted theories, while good at explaining

observations, are not the best theories to describe them. There are many other theories that wouldalso explain the observations and have fewer inherent problems.

I cant tell you how good it made me feel to hear someone in the field admit this growingopenness to looking for new theories.

02Mar

13

Supernovae and CEC


Categories:Predictions and TestsandThe ModelTags:attraction,black hole,core,cosmic winds,density,dwarf star,electromagnetic radiation,

expulsion,grey hole,neutron star,pulsar,red giant,shock wave,stars,supernova

It strikes me that Ive left out detailing an important step in the evolution of densities:supernovae. Just because theyre fleeting doesnt mean theyre not crucial. Ill remedy that

omission now.

Heres theWikipedia definitionof a supernova:

A supernova is a stellar explosion that is more energetic than a nova. Supernovae are

extremely luminous and cause a burst of radiation that often briefly outshines an entire galaxy,

before fading from view over several weeks or months. During this short interval a supernovacan radiate as much energy as the Sun is expected to emit over its entire life span. The explosion

expels much or all of a stars material at a velocity of up to 30,000 km/s (10% of the speed of

light), driving a shock wave into the surrounding interstellar medium.

Cascading Essence Cosmology agrees with this definition. However, because electromagneticradiation (EMR) and material are seen as just two different cases (at different speeds) ofessential elements, theres not the same need to differentiate between them. Elements can be

expelled at varying speeds from a collapsing star.

So what are the mechanics that transform an otherwise normal, stable star emitting elements at

a consistent rate to a supernova emitting much of its elements in a single, cataclysmic explosion?
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bouncehttp://newcosmologist.com/2013/03/02/supernovae-and-cec/http://newcosmologist.com/2013/03/02/supernovae-and-cec/http://newcosmologist.com/author/http://newcosmologist.com/author/http://newcosmologist.com/2013/03/02/supernovae-and-cec/#respondhttp://newcosmologist.com/2013/03/02/supernovae-and-cec/#respondhttp://newcosmologist.com/2013/03/02/supernovae-and-cec/#respondhttp://newcosmologist.com/category/predictions-and-tests/http://newcosmologist.com/category/predictions-and-tests/http://newcosmologist.com/category/predictions-and-tests/http://newcosmologist.com/category/the-model/http://newcosmologist.com/category/the-model/http://newcosmologist.com/category/the-model/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/attraction/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/attraction/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/attraction/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/black-hole/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/black-hole/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/black-hole/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/core/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/core/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/core/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/cosmic-winds/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/cosmic-winds/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/cosmic-winds/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/density/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/density/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/density/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/dwarf-star/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/dwarf-star/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/dwarf-star/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/electromagnetic-radiation/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/electromagnetic-radiation/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/electromagnetic-radiation/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/expulsion/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/expulsion/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/grey-hole/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/grey-hole/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/grey-hole/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/neutron-star/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/neutron-star/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/neutron-star/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/pulsar/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/pulsar/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/pulsar/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/red-giant/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/red-giant/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/red-giant/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/shock-wave/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/shock-wave/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/shock-wave/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/stars/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/stars/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/stars/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/supernova/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/supernova/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/supernova/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernovahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernovahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernovahttp://newcosmologist.com/2013/02/02/electromagnetic-radiation-essence-speed-and-density/http://newcosmologist.com/2013/02/02/electromagnetic-radiation-essence-speed-and-density/http://newcosmologist.com/2013/02/02/electromagnetic-radiation-essence-speed-and-density/http://newcosmologist.com/2013/02/02/electromagnetic-radiation-essence-speed-and-density/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernovahttp://newcosmologist.com/tag/supernova/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/stars/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/shock-wave/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/red-giant/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/pulsar/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/neutron-star/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/grey-hole/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/expulsion/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/electromagnetic-radiation/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/dwarf-star/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/density/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/cosmic-winds/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/core/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/black-hole/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/attraction/http://newcosmologist.com/category/the-model/http://newcosmologist.com/category/predictions-and-tests/http://newcosmologist.com/2013/03/02/supernovae-and-cec/#respondhttp://newcosmologist.com/author/http://newcosmologist.com/2013/03/02/supernovae-and-cec/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bounce


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CEC predicts that there is a tipping point in the overall proportions and mix of low-, medium-,

and high-density elements that, once passed, causes a chain reaction of sorts that triggers a

supernova event. A star that is constantly expelling its lighter elements through expulsion andnot pulling in sufficient new low-density elements will, over time, shrink in size while increasing

its overall and local densities. Add on top of that the fact that essence cascades are transforming

all remaining elements into denser and denser forms over time, and its a recipe for change.

There comes a time in stars of large enough size, when the remaining density mix becomes

unstable. When this stage is reached, both expulsion and attraction of elements will start tohappen in large numbers, causing a domino effect. Elements that shift to make way for other

elements will themselves become part of their own expulsion or attraction processes. Repeat en

masse. Once it gets rolling in earnest, theres no stopping it. (I hope, at some point, to develop at

least general equations for determining this tipping point for any size/composition of star.)

Multiwavelength composite image of theremnant of Keplers supernova, SN 1604.[Picture: Wikimedia Commons]

While many of the elements expelled in a supernova event will take the normal route and haveresidual velocity ofcr, this chain reaction will also result in many elements being expelled at sub-

light (vr< cmin) speeds. Reasons for those slower expulsions could include: elements taking a

non-direct path out of the collapsing density, lowering their speed of expulsion (vx); higher-density elements that normally would not be expelled, and mechanically can only be expelled at

sub-light speeds; elements that are expelled primarily by billiard-ball-like collisions with other

expelling elements; etc.; etc. All of these sub-light elements would contribute to the shock

wave mentioned in the definition above. Think of it as a cosmic wind of fearsome power.

Depending on the size of the original star, theres two paths that can define the part of a density

that is not blown off by a supernova event:

1. For large stars (over the minimum supernova size threshold), whats left after asupernova is a neutron star.

2. For even larger stars, whats left after a supernova is a black hole core.
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(Stars under the minimum supernova size threshold would not go nova, but evolve more

gradually into densities such asred giantsordwarf starsof various types.)

The main difference between neutron stars and black hole cores is their overall density. Larger

stars, because of the way their size drives their dynamics, would expel denser elements than

medium-size stars would expel during a supernova event. That would leave them withsignificantly denser cores, so dense in fact that their gravitational/cohesion effects would initially

keep all elements from escaping. (See the description ofblack and grey holesfor more details.)

Neutron stars would retain some less-dense elements mixed in with their denser counterparts. Inboth cases, the resulting densities are far denser than anything we would ever typically encounter

and are capable of drawing in elements from the surrounding neighbourhood as fuel for their

evolutions.

A neutron star pulling in elements from the surrounding neighbourhood would expel much of

that material as EMR. These expulsions seem to happen in streams from the stars magnetic

poles (for reasons Ive yet to explain through CEC). This causes them to flash the observer

regularly as the stars themselves are rotating at terrific speeds. This type of neutron star is calledapulsar.

There are many more subtleties to supernovae that Ive yet to describe, differentiations that may

or may not line up in some ways with thestandard models classifications.

28

Feb

13

Quasars and Mininovae



Tags:expulsion,black hole,grey hole,supernova,quasar,minimum speed of light,luminosity,

mininova

In thelast post, I discussed how a large density can go from the form of a star to a supernova to ablack hole to a grey hole. This progression of representations can all be explained through the

fundamentals ofcascading essenceandcohesion.

A grey hole is a super-dense core with additional material accreted around it in a thick enough

coating to cause less-dense elements to be expelled at sub-light speeds. But what happens afterthe grey hole stage? Surely, this is not the end of such a densitys evolution

At this time, I believe there are two major evolutionary paths that large densities take from the

grey hole stagequasars or [neutron stars 01/13/2013] black holes. Which route a grey hole

takes depends on several factors, the most important ones being:
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1. the size of the grey holes ultra-dense core (which is determined by the size of theoriginal star), and

2. the amount of sufficiently dense feeder elements in the immediate vicinity of the greyhole.

There are likely other factors to be taken into account, but lets focus on these two to start.

If the grey holes core is over a certain minimum size and there is a good supply of sufficiently

dense elements nearby to be pulled into it, then the density will become a quasar. This jives withcurrent thinking on the creation of quasars. According toWikipedia:

Quasars show where massive black holes are growing rapidly (via accretion). These black holes

grow in step with the mass of stars in their host galaxy in a way not understood at present.

So, what is the specific process that takes a grey hole to a quasar? Once enough outsidematerial accretes to the core, the coating on the core becomes sufficiently thick to promote the

expulsion of elements fast enough that their residual velocity (vr) exceeds the minimum speed oflight, cmin. At this moment, the grey hole would seem to re- ignite, shining like astar.

A Hubble picture showing a quasar core.

[From: Wikimedia Commons]

However, quasars are significantly different from regular stars.

First, quasars are much, much brighter than the stars they evolved frommillions to trillions

times the brightness of our sun. In CEC, this luminosity is explained by the fact that the ultra-

dense core of the quasar would speed up the normal process of expulsion many-fold, expelling

less-dense elements at a phenomenal rate. These elements would be continually replenished bynew material accreting into the quasar.

Second, quasars tend to grow brighter (then less bright again) each on their own time period.

According toWikipedia:

Quasars are found to vary in luminosity on a variety of time scales. Some vary in brightness

every few months, weeks, days, or hours. The emission of large amounts of power from a
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quasar#Propertieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quasar#Propertieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quasar#Propertieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quasar#Propertieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quasar#Propertieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quasar#Propertieshttp://newcosmologist.files.wordpress.com/2013/02/quasar_viewed_from_hubble.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quasar#Propertieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quasar#Properties


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small region requires a power source far more efficient than the nuclear fusion that powers stars.

The release of gravitational energy by matter falling towards a massive black hole is the only

process known that can produce such high power continuously. Stellar explosionssupernovasand gamma-ray burstscan do so, but only for a few weeks.

At this time, I believe that these changes in luminosity can be attributed to (relatively) smallsupernova-like events, which Im calling mininovae. If the input of essential elements accreting

into the quasar exceeds its ability to expel enough of those elements through normal expulsion,

the excess elements of all densities continually build up around the coreuntil they reach anamount and density-concentration that produces a similar result as in a traditional supernovaa

cataclysmic collapse of the cores coating which expels all but the highest-density elements. The

highest-density elements from the coating would be added to the quasars core during a

mininova.

While the amount of elements expelled in a mininova would be very, very large, the relative

luminosity of that event compared to the quasars normal expulsion would make it seem only

like a temporary brightening of an already super-bright phenomenon. As long as the quasar has asteady stream of external material to feed this process, the cycle of expulsion and mininovae

would continue. I do believe, however, that the frequency and intensity of those cycles wouldchange over time. Ill try to hypothesize how these cycles would evolve in a future post.

Of course, quasars arent the end state for massive densities, either. As the core of a quasargrows larger and denser (through essence cascades, attraction and mininovae) and the material

available to power it decreases, there are likely other representations that its density goes

through.

In a future post, Ill talk about [the other important grey hole descendant, the neutron star

01/03/2013] how a grey hole can also go back to black hole form].

25

Feb13

Black and Grey Holes

Bynewcosmologist3 Comments

Categories:In the News,Predictions and TestsandThe Model

Tags:black hole,core,cosmic winds,densities,escape velocity,expulsion,grey hole,NASA,

residual velocity,speed of expulsion,supernova

In aprevious post, I explained how differences in the speed of expulsion (vx) and escape velocity(ve) could affect how a starlike density (D) is expressed and how it does (or doesnt) expel

essential elements (E). The general formula for the residual velocity (vr) is:
http://newcosmologist.com/2013/02/25/black-and-grey-holes/http://newcosmologist.com/2013/02/25/black-and-grey-holes/http://newcosmologist.com/author/http://newcosmologist.com/author/http://newcosmologist.com/2013/02/25/black-and-grey-holes/#commentshttp://newcosmologist.com/2013/02/25/black-and-grey-holes/#commentshttp://newcosmologist.com/2013/02/25/black-and-grey-holes/#commentshttp://newcosmologist.com/category/in-the-news/http://newcosmologist.com/category/in-the-news/http://newcosmologist.com/category/in-the-news/http://newcosmologist.com/category/predictions-and-tests/http://newcosmologist.com/category/predictions-and-tests/http://newcosmologist.com/category/predictions-and-tests/http://newcosmologist.com/category/the-model/http://newcosmologist.com/category/the-model/http://newcosmologist.com/category/the-model/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/black-hole/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/black-hole/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/black-hole/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/core/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/core/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/core/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/cosmic-winds/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/cosmic-winds/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/cosmic-winds/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/densities/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/densities/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/densities/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/escape-velocity/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/escape-velocity/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/escape-velocity/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/expulsion/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/expulsion/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/expulsion/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/grey-hole/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/grey-hole/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/grey-hole/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/nasa/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/nasa/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/nasa/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/residual-velocity/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/residual-velocity/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/speed-of-expulsion/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/speed-of-expulsion/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/speed-of-expulsion/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/supernova/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/supernova/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/supernova/http://newcosmologist.com/2013/02/21/the-speed-of-expulsion/http://newcosmologist.com/2013/02/21/the-speed-of-expulsion/http://newcosmologist.com/2013/02/21/the-speed-of-expulsion/http://newcosmologist.files.wordpress.com/2013/02/vr.jpeghttp://newcosmologist.com/2013/02/21/the-speed-of-expulsion/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/supernova/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/speed-of-expulsion/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/residual-velocity/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/nasa/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/grey-hole/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/expulsion/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/escape-velocity/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/densities/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/cosmic-winds/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/core/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/black-hole/http://newcosmologist.com/category/the-model/http://newcosmologist.com/category/predictions-and-tests/http://newcosmologist.com/category/in-the-news/http://newcosmologist.com/2013/02/25/black-and-grey-holes/#commentshttp://newcosmologist.com/author/http://newcosmologist.com/2013/02/25/black-and-grey-holes/


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When conditions are such that residual velocity for all elements expelled from densityD is less

than the minimum speed of light, thenD itself emits no light. If the density ofD is high enough,

external light falling under the cohesive power ofD would also not escape (i.e., pass through orbe reflected) as EMR, further making the area aroundDblack. This is what is typically known

in current modelsas a black hole.

However, according to CEC, not all black holes emit nothing. To better understand this, lets

first look at the most classic example of a black hole.

When a cataclysmic collapse of a densitylike a star goingsupernovaoccurs, the remnant

core of the density becomes super-dense. The core contains only individual elements whose

densities are at the very high end of the spectrum (i.e., their sizes are extremely small). All theless-dense elements have been expelled in the supernova event. These cores are so dense, their

elements so tiny, that any further expulsions from within them never exceed escape velocity.

(For all elements, ve > vx.)

Any element being expelled beyond the cores boundary falls back to the core. The cohesivepower of the super-dense core also attracts other neighbouring elements, creating the hole part

of the black hole, with a boundary at theevent horizon. All of this happens through the force ofattractionthe counterpart of expulsion.

However, most black holes in the Universe do not stay in this simple formation for very long. Asnoted above, these densities attract other less-dense material through their great cohesion/gravity.

Asmentioned previously,nothingcan speed up or slow down an elements natural cascade of

essence between states. This means that this newly attracted material does not get immediatelycrushed to infinitesimal size itself (as common theory indicates). Instead, this new material

accretes to the black holes core, coating it like a giganticgobstopper.

As this attracted material coats the core, the cohesive force of the core on individual elements is

immense. The process of expulsion on the lighter elements in the coating happens rapidly but, in

most cases, the escape velocity from the density is still too great for these elements to escape.Instead they end up falling back towards the density. As the cores coating gets thicker and

thicker (as more material falls into the black hole), the speed of expulsion of elements in the

coating increaseseventually exceeding the escape velocity of the density. When that happens,the black hole changes into a grey hole, a density that appears black but is, in fact, expelling

slow-moving elements.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernovahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernovahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernovahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Event_horizonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Event_horizonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Event_horizonhttp://newcosmologist.com/2013/02/23/attraction-the-counterpart-of-expulsion/http://newcosmologist.com/2013/02/23/attraction-the-counterpart-of-expulsion/http://newcosmologist.com/2013/01/23/the-mechanics-of-essence-cascades/http://newcosmologist.com/2013/01/23/the-mechanics-of-essence-cascades/http://newcosmologist.com/2013/01/23/the-mechanics-of-essence-cascades/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gobstopperhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gobstopperhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gobstopperhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gobstopperhttp://newcosmologist.com/2013/01/23/the-mechanics-of-essence-cascades/http://newcosmologist.com/2013/02/23/attraction-the-counterpart-of-expulsion/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Event_horizonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supernova


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Winds are emitted from a grey hole.

(Photo: NASA/CXC/M.Weiss)

These grey holes would emit streams of low-density elements at sub-light speeds, elements thatwould be perceived as cosmic winds. Each expelled element would affect the space around it inan infinitesimal way but, in combination, they would produce a very measurable effect.

A 2012article from NASA, entitled NASAs Chandra Finds Fastest Wind From Stellar-MassBlack Hole, shows windlike effects coming from a black/grey hole:

Astronomers using NASAs Chandra X-ray Observatory have clocked the fastest wind yet

discovered blowing off a disk around a stellar-mass black hole. This result has important

implications for understanding how this type of black hole behaves. The record-breaking wind is

moving about 20 million mph, or about 3 percent of the speed of light. This is nearly 10 times

faster than had ever been seen from a stellar-mass black hole. Astronomers believe thatmagnetic fields in the disks of black holes are responsible for producing both winds and jets. The

geometry of the magnetic fields and rate at which material falls towards the black hole mustinfluence whether jets or winds are produced.

CEC predicts that these winds are coming not from the magnetic fields of a black hole, but fromexpulsion of elements from a grey hole at sub-light speeds. There may be fields directingthe

winds, but they are produced by expulsion from inside the grey hole.

I also believe that other types of cosmic objects (e.g., quasars, neutron stars, etc.) can also be

explained as variants of these densities with super-dense cores. But that is for another day

23

Feb

13

Attraction: The Counterpart of Expulsion

http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/chandra/news/H-12-056.htmlhttp://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/chandra/news/H-12-056.htmlhttp://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/chandra/news/H-12-056.htmlhttp://newcosmologist.com/2013/02/23/attraction-the-counterpart-of-expulsion/http://newcosmologist.com/2013/02/23/attraction-the-counterpart-of-expulsion/http://newcosmologist.com/author/http://newcosmologist.com/author/http://newcosmologist.com/2013/02/23/attraction-the-counterpart-of-expulsion/#commentshttp://newcosmologist.com/2013/02/23/attraction-the-counterpart-of-expulsion/#commentshttp://newcosmologist.com/2013/02/23/attraction-the-counterpart-of-expulsion/#commentshttp://newcosmologist.files.wordpress.com/2013/02/greyhole.jpghttp://newcosmologist.com/2013/02/23/attraction-the-counterpart-of-expulsion/#commentshttp://newcosmologist.com/author/http://newcosmologist.com/2013/02/23/attraction-the-counterpart-of-expulsion/http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/chandra/news/H-12-056.html


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Tags:attraction,cohesion,densities,density,expulsion,gravity,kinetic energy

Theres been a lot written in recent posts about the concept of expulsion the moving away from

a density of a less-dense essential element. It has been shown how expulsion is started and how it

accumulates into accelerationof the element away from a prevailing density.

From aprevious post:

The basic rule [of expulsion] is this: if the decrease in the net force on a specific element if it

were moved away from its current position is less than the increase in the net cohesive forces ofall other elements assuming that moving away happens, then the move happens. Some of the net

forces are transformed into kinetic energy of the element moving away.

However, expulsion is only the case for what happens when a less-dense element in a more-dense local area is moved away from a neighbouring density. What about the case where a more-

dense element is in a less-dense local area in the neighbourhood of a density? What happensthen?

Attraction.

Close to the classic concept ofgravityattracting two objects to one another, the process of

attraction in Cascading Essence Cosmology seems familiar. It describes the process that allowsthe re-arrangement of many less-dense elements to make way for a more-dense element to move

closer to the relevant density. In this way, it is the counterpartif not the oppositeto the

process of expulsion. Both, however, result in a drive towards denser and denser states of a

localized area.

[I'm even willing to consider that expulsion and attraction can ultimately be described

mathematically as a single process, but for now I'll continue to treat them separately.]

To recast the example from the earlier introduction to expulsion to describe attraction:

if the net force on element A is 30 units in the direction of the prevailing density and if that element were moved slightly towards the prevailing density, increasing its

cohesive force to 40 units and

if the other elements around it moved slightly away to make room for it with the resultingnet decrease in their cohesive energies of 5 units

then the slight movement would happen and some of total energy would be transformedintokinetic energyfor the moving element (in the direction of its prevailing density).

This motion would end up accelerating as the element in question moved closer and closer to thelocal density, until such a time as the elements local density was sufficiently high to counteract

its net attraction (kinetic plus cohesive energies) to the prevailing density. From the description

of expulsion:
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Think of it this wayIf moving an element from its current position allows for asufficiently

more dense configuration of elements, then the move will happen. Otherwise things will remain

as they are.

The same thing holds for attraction.

Theres not much more that needs to be said about attraction at this timeit is a much more

understandable process than expulsion as it is so close to the familiar concept of gravity.

21

Feb13

The Speed of Expulsion

Bynewcosmologist3 Comments

Categories:The ModelTags:black hole,cosmic winds,densities,density,escape velocity,expulsion,galactic winds,grey hole,relative speeds,residual velocity,solar winds,speed of expulsion,speed of light

In two earlier posts, I explained howless-dense essential elements can be movedaway frommore-dense densities through the process of expulsion, and how once an expulsion starts it can

becomechain reaction of sorts, expelling the element further from the center of density at

faster and faster speeds.

The process of expulsion (and acceleration) for an element continues until the element reaches a

local density equal (or less) to its own density. At that point, itsspeed of expulsion from the

larger density is fixed and it continues on its current path at that speed, subject to all the otherforces in its environmentincluding cohesion/gravity back towards the density it just left.

The formula for the speed of expulsion (vx) of an essential element (E) from a density (D) is:

where ve is theescape velocityofEfromD and vris the residual velocity ofEfromD. The

residual velocity is the ultimate speed at whichEwill travel once it escapes the cohesion/gravity

force back towardsD. As an example, if a rocket blasted off from the moon at a velocity of2000

m/s and the escape velocity was 1500 m/s, then the residual velocity would be 500 m/s.

Since residual velocity is merely a byproduct of the other two values, lets rewrite the formula

like this:

While I have yet to figure out exact equations for the functions vx and ve, I can still describe three

broadly important cases of residual velocity.
http://newcosmologist.com/2013/02/21/the-speed-of-expulsion/http://newcosmologist.com/2013/02/21/the-speed-of-expulsion/http://newcosmologist.com/author/http://newcosmologist.com/author/http://newcosmologist.com/2013/02/21/the-speed-of-expulsion/#commentshttp://newcosmologist.com/2013/02/21/the-speed-of-expulsion/#commentshttp://newcosmologist.com/2013/02/21/the-speed-of-expulsion/#commentshttp://newcosmologist.com/category/the-model/http://newcosmologist.com/category/the-model/http://newcosmologist.com/category/the-model/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/black-hole/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/black-hole/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/black-hole/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/cosmic-winds/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/cosmic-winds/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/cosmic-winds/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/densities/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/densities/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/densities/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/density/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/density/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/density/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/escape-velocity/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/escape-velocity/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/escape-velocity/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/expulsion/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/expulsion/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/expulsion/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/galactic-winds/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/galactic-winds/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/galactic-winds/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/grey-hole/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/grey-hole/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/relative-speeds/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/relative-speeds/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/relative-speeds/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/residual-velocity/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/residual-velocity/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/residual-velocity/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/solar-winds/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/solar-winds/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/solar-winds/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/speed-of-expulsion/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/speed-of-expulsion/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/speed-of-expulsion/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/speed-of-light/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/speed-of-light/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/speed-of-light/http://newcosmologist.com/2013/02/06/expulsion-the-basics-part-1/http://newcosmologist.com/2013/02/06/expulsion-the-basics-part-1/http://newcosmologist.com/2013/02/06/expulsion-the-basics-part-1/http://newcosmologist.com/2013/02/08/expulsion-the-basics-part-2/http://newcosmologist.com/2013/02/08/expulsion-the-basics-part-2/http://newcosmologist.com/2013/02/08/expulsion-the-basics-part-2/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escape_velocityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escape_velocityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escape_velocityhttp://newcosmologist.files.wordpress.com/2013/02/vr.jpeghttp://newcosmologist.files.wordpress.com/2013/02/expulsion.jpeghttp://newcosmologist.files.wordpress.com/2013/02/vr.jpeghttp://newcosmologist.files.wordpress.com/2013/02/expulsion.jpeghttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escape_velocityhttp://newcosmologist.com/2013/02/08/expulsion-the-basics-part-2/http://newcosmologist.com/2013/02/06/expulsion-the-basics-part-1/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/speed-of-light/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/speed-of-expulsion/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/solar-winds/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/residual-velocity/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/relative-speeds/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/grey-hole/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/galactic-winds/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/expulsion/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/escape-velocity/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/density/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/densities/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/cosmic-winds/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/black-hole/http://newcosmologist.com/category/the-model/http://newcosmologist.com/2013/02/21/the-speed-of-expulsion/#commentshttp://newcosmologist.com/author/http://newcosmologist.com/2013/02/21/the-speed-of-expulsion/


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Case 1: vr = cr

As proposed in earlier posts, since in CEC electromagnetic radiation (EMR) is really just

essential elements travelling at great speeds towards an observer and those elements are subjectto cohesion like any other essence, the speed of light is not a constant. The speed of light in a

vacuum (c0) that is used in current models can be thought of instead as the maximal residualvelocity from expulsion (denoted crthe residual speed of light).

Any regularly shaped (i.e., spherical) large density, like a star, where the local density values

rises continuously as the center of density is approached, will expel essential elementsregardless of their individual densitiesat a speed equal to cr+ ve. This might seem hard to

believe at first, but think of it this way. For every elementEin densityD there is a natural

distance from the center ofD at which that element begins its expulsion journey. The denser the

individual element, the closerto the center of density that natural distance isand the furtheroutwards the element has to accelerate before leaving the density. My theory is that for every

such element:

This explains why we experience the EMR from stars, and other starlike objects, as all travelling

at the same, uniform speedcror299,792,458 m/s.

I know this is a big leap to makebut in future posts Ill try to back it up with further thinking,formulas, and possible tests.

Case 2: 0 < vr < cmin

If we experience essence as EMR when it is travelling sufficiently fast relative towards us, thenit follows that there must be a minimum velocity at which essence is perceived as EMRthe

minimum speed of light. Well represent that velocity as cmin. Exactly what the value ofcmin is, Iam not certainbut I currently believe it to be fairly close (within 5%?) ofcr. Further refinement

of this value will occur as my investigations continue.

There are two major subcases in which a large density might expel an essential element at speeds

between 0 m/s and cmin.

Firstly, the essential element in question might have, through a random combination of other

elements in its local area, started its expulsion journey from a place further from the center of

density than it natural distance (described above). In that case, the element will have had lessdistance over which to accelerate and will not achieve the cmin speed.

Secondly, if the density doing the expulsion is non-continuous (i.e., discrete) in the changes in itslocal density values, then an essential element in an outer density area would have both less

distance to accelerate as well as a higherve to overcome. Both would combine to lower the

elements vr. This would be the case in manygrey holes. Grey holes in CEC are densities that
http://newcosmologist.files.wordpress.com/2013/02/speedexpulsion.jpeg


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appear like black holes but are actually still expelling elements under the cmin barrier. (More on

grey holes in future posts.)

In both subcases above, the expelled elements are experienced as cosmic winds, including (but

not limited to)solar windsandgalactic winds.

Case 3: vr < 0

From our residual velocity formula:

it is apparent that ifve > vx, then vr< 0. This is the case when an element, undergoing expulsion,does not reach escape velocity and falls back under the cohesive sway of the density where it

began. Basically, it is pulled back to the density after briefly escaping (hence the negative

velocity). This can happpen in any density, but is best known as a characteristic ofblack holes.

In a true black hole, all expelled elements have vr< 0. (More on black holes in future posts.)

The interplay between vr, ve, and vx explains the characteristics of some other fascinatingphenomena, like supernovae, quasars, neutron stars, etc., and Ill detail each of these objects in

their own future posts. In fact, I believe the a more complete understanding of the process of

expulsion will lead to some new classes of objects being defined and hopefully observed!

19

Feb

13

New Measures, New Models


Categories:BackgroundandOdds and Sods

Tags:big bang,dark energy,Einstein,history,Hubble,model,relativity,telescope,Very LargeArray

It occurred to me one day, shortly after the idea of Cascading Essence Cosmology came to me,that our models of the Universe go through a sea-change each time we gain the ability to see and

accurately measure greater and greater distances. Every time there has been a significant increase

in our ability to observe the Universe, theres been an accompanying shift in how we explain

what were seeing.

When pre-historic humans had no tools and lived in uncleared forest, they could only see acouple of miles at best. Their models revolved aroundgreat turtlesandcoyote and insect people.

These were the things they could see and interact with and which influenced their worldview.

Then, when people started clearing the land and travelling across the oceans, their ability to see

and measure further increased. Their models revolved more aroundanthropomorphic gods,
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_windhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_windhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_windhttp://astronomy.swin.edu.au/cosmos/G/Galactic+Windshttp://astronomy.swin.edu.au/cosmos/G/Galactic+Windshttp://astronomy.swin.edu.au/cosmos/G/Galactic+Windshttp://newcosmologist.com/2013/02/19/new-measures-new-models/http://newcosmologist.com/2013/02/19/new-measures-new-models/http://newcosmologist.com/author/http://newcosmologist.com/author/http://newcosmologist.com/2013/02/19/new-measures-new-models/#respondhttp://newcosmologist.com/2013/02/19/new-measures-new-models/#respondhttp://newcosmologist.com/2013/02/19/new-measures-new-models/#respondhttp://newcosmologist.com/category/background/http://newcosmologist.com/category/background/http://newcosmologist.com/category/background/http://newcosmologist.com/category/odds-and-sods/http://newcosmologist.com/category/odds-and-sods/http://newcosmologist.com/category/odds-and-sods/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/big-bang/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/big-bang/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/big-bang/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/dark-energy/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/dark-energy/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/dark-energy/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/einstein/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/einstein/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/einstein/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/history/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/history/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/history/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/hubble/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/hubble/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/hubble/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/model/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/model/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/model/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/relativity/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/relativity/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/relativity/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/telescope/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/telescope/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/telescope/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/very-large-array/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/very-large-array/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/very-large-array/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/very-large-array/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anishinaabe#Historyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anishinaabe#Historyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anishinaabe#Historyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Din%C3%A9_Bahane%CA%BChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Din%C3%A9_Bahane%CA%BChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Din%C3%A9_Bahane%CA%BChttp://ancienthistory.about.com/library/bl/bl_myth_gods_index.htmhttp://ancienthistory.about.com/library/bl/bl_myth_gods_index.htmhttp://ancienthistory.about.com/library/bl/bl_myth_gods_index.htmhttp://newcosmologist.files.wordpress.com/2013/02/vr.jpeghttp://ancienthistory.about.com/library/bl/bl_myth_gods_index.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Din%C3%A9_Bahane%CA%BChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anishinaabe#Historyhttp://newcosmologist.com/tag/very-large-array/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/very-large-array/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/telescope/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/relativity/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/model/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/hubble/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/history/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/einstein/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/dark-energy/http://newcosmologist.com/tag/big-bang/http://newcosmologist.com/category/odds-and-sods/http://newcosmologist.com/category/background/http://newcosmologist.com/2013/02/19/new-measures-new-models/#respondhttp://newcosmologist.com/author/http://newcosmologist.com/2013/02/19/new-measures-new-models/http://astronomy.swin.edu.au/cosmos/G/Galactic+Windshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_wind


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human-like beings that reflected their new-found power and vitalityusing that power to explain

the differentiated world in which they lived.

Andreas Cellariuss illustration of the Copernican geocentric system, from the Harmonia

Macrocosmica (1660). [from Wikimedia Commons]

Eventually, in the early 1600s, thetelescopewas invented, allowing astronomers to see themoons of other planetsand shortly afterwards the cosmological models shifted from Earth-

centric (geocentric) to Sun-centric (heliocentric).

Large,reflecting telescopesstarted to be built in the mid- to late-1800s and soon afterwards it

was realized that the sun is not the center of the Universe, but merely one star in one galaxyamong many. Einstein proposed his theories, including theSpecial Theory of Relativity, around

this time.

As reflecting mirrors became larger and more accurate, astronomers could look further andfurther out into spaceseeing countless more galaxies and objects like quasars, neutron stars,

and supernovae. In the mid-1900s, Hubble and Hoyle proposed theBig Bang Theoryto explain

why the Universe appears to be expanding.

In the 1990s, adaptive optics allowed people to look deeper and deeper into space. The redshifts

observed of emergent supernovae lead to the new model of aUniverse with acceleratingexpansion, explained by the concept ofdark energy.
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The Hubble Space Telescope [from Wikimedia Commons]

The launching of theHubble Space Telescopeinto orbit in the 1990s and the perfecting of radiotelescope installations like theVery Large Array, are currently allowing us to see clearly to the

very edges of the observable Universe. Some of the phenomena were discovering arent fitting

well into the Einstein-Hubble model.

A new model is needed for the new observations. Whether that model is Cascading EssenceCosmology or something completely different, I believe in 10 years we wont be using thecurrent model at allbut its replacement instead.

17

Feb

13

Thought and Spirit Super-States

BynewcosmologistLeave a CommentCategories:BackgroundandThe Model

Tags:Enlightenment,essence states,ideas,Information,Inspiration,Space,Spirit,Thought,

Time

In anearly post about the seven proposed essence states, I suggested that the super-statesbetween Time and Space (in the order essence cascades happen) might be Spirit and Thought.

My reasoning was that if all things in the Universe, like Time and Space themselves, were

merely different expressions of one basic type of essence, then if some things exist outside of

Time and Space, they must have their own, independent states. It struck me that two obviousthings that exist outside of Space (and Time, in some ways) were Thought and Spirit. How

would Cascading Essence Cosmology handle them, if not through their own states?

If I was going to add them to the model, I wondered, should they have a more single-state

representation (like Time) or a super-state representation (like Space)? Since I see Time as the

more rigid orchestrator andSpace as a more nuanced expression of essence, I felt that bothThought and Spirit were more like Space in their complexity. So, like Space is split into

Expansion (S2) and Contraction (S1), I needed to deconstruct Thought and Spirit each into two

component states. My best guess at those states was:

S6 = [Spirit:Enlightenment]S5 = [Spirit:Inspiration]S4 = [Thought:Ideas]

S3 = [Thought:Information]
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