new developments in cool season vegetable weed control workgroup...harvest moon automation...
TRANSCRIPT
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New Developments in Cool Season Vegetable
Weed Control
• Richard Smith, Vegetable Crop and Weed Science Farm Advisor, Monterey County
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Weed issues can be moderate to low depending on the rotation• Quick & multiple rotation give growers some
advantages to managing weeds• Some rotations such as baby vegetable mature before
weeds can effectively set seed• Some weeds, such as purslane, shepherd’s purse and
burning nettle can still thrive and be quite problematic
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2016 Herbicide Evaluations• Low rates of Kerb for baby lettuce• Zidua (pyroxasulfone) studies Celery Leeks, onions & garlic peppers
• Materials for automated thinner/weeders• Spin-Aid evaluations on spinach• Post transplant applications of Goal Tender
for Brussels sproutsAll available on the UCCE Monterey County Website: Veg/Weed Program
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Evaluation of low rates of Kerb
Chart1
PurslanePurslanePurslane
Sow ThistleSow ThistleSow Thistle
0.5 lb ai
1.0 lb ai
untreated
3.8
0.5
20
5
6
3
Sheet1
0.5 lb ai1.0 lb aiuntreated
Purslane3.80.520
Sow Thistle563
Category 33.51.83
Category 44.52.85
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Mechanical Weed Control Studies
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Finger Weeders
• Invented by the Buddingh company and manufactured in Michigan
• There are European versions of this tool made by the Kress (Germany) and Steketee (Netherlands) Companies
Buddingh Co. Kress & Steketee
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Standard cultivation Leaves seedline untouched
Finger WeederDisrupts soil in the seedline
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Weed Evaluation of Finger Weedersin Transplanted Radicchio
Gilroy, 2009
Treatment WeedCountPost
Cultivation
PercentWeed
Removal
WeedingTimeAug 7
Weeding Time
Aug 14
Total Hand
weeding time
Standard 40.3 0.0 8.4 6.9 15.3Finger Weeders
16.9 64.0 5.9 5.7 11.6
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Finger Weeders• Finger weeders are nothing new, but
access through dealers is fairly recent• Approximately $500/seedline• Sources: Buddingh Weeder Company European designs:
• Sutton Ag (Salinas) Steketee• KULT (Gordonville, PA) Kress
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Milestones in Technological Developments
• Over the past 100 years there have been steady improvements in precision of mechanical seeding, cultivation, etc.
• In the last 10-15 years a jump forward has come about due to developments in GPS, computer processing and machine vision
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Thinners and Weeders• Automated thinners and weeders
basically use the same technology• They use a camera that captures an
image• The computer processes the image to
determine crop: based on plant size, spacing, etc
• At present they cannot readily distinguish weeds from crop
• That will soon change
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Crop/Weed Classification - Size and Location
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Mantius Ag Technologies
Ag Mechtronix
Blue River
Vision Robotics
Harvest Moon Automation
(mechanical)
Automated Thinners
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Area treated with herbicide to remove plants
Area treated with herbicide to remove plants
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A safe zone is established to protect the “keeper” plants
Weeds may survive in the safe zone
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Spray Material Options on Lettuce
• Registered on lettuce: Glyphosate Gramaxone Scythe Shark
• Fertilizers: Salt based
• AN20, UN32, Ammonium thiosulfate, Acid based materials
Acid based• NpHuric
• Other materials Sulfuric acid
• Organic herbicides
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Material Rate 2 days after application Suppress 6% v/v 69.9Suppress 6% v/v @pH-6.5 68.5Suppress 9% v/v 68.5Suppress 9% v/v @pH-6.5 90.1Scythe 9% v/v 81.2Rely 29 oz/A 31.1Rely 43 oz/A 32.5Shark 1 oz/A 89.127-0-0-5 37 gal/A 67.927-0-0-5MSO
37 gal/A1% v/v 93.9
SF exp. 12% v/v 77.4Untreated --- 0.0
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Material Rate 8 days after application Suppress 6% v/v 62.2Suppress 6% v/v @pH-6.5 60.7Suppress 9% v/v 64.6Suppress 9% v/v @pH-6.5 80.1Scythe 9% v/v 73.4Rely 29 oz/A 96.1Rely 43 oz/A 97.5Shark 1 oz/A 96.727-0-0-5 37 gal/A 71.927-0-0-5MSO
37 gal/A1% v/v 94.6
SF exp. 12% v/v 70.9Untreated --- 0.0
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Time to Thin and Time to Weed & Remove Doubles
Method Thinninghrs/A
Weed/Double hrs/A*
Total Timehrs/A
Automated 0.9 6.6 7.5Hand 6.6 5.3 11.9
*Automated thinning probably took more time because it left moredoubles than hand thinning:
Automated: 1,024 plants/AHand: 148 plants/A
Doubles left by machine
Thinned plant
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RobovatorFrank Poulsen Engineering
Denmark
Automated WeedersBoth Use Split Knife Mechanism
IC SteketeeNetherlands
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Island of undisturbed soil is left around the plant; this
undisturbed area can be adjusted to be more aggressive or less
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Automated Weeder Evaluation Summary
lettuce and weed plant/A pre and post autoweeder
Timing Lettuceplants1000’s
Weeds1000’s
Pre weeding
37.3 13.5Post weeding 35.2 6.6
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Automated Weeder Evaluation Summary
Hand weeding time and lettuce plant wt
MeanTreatment Hand
WeedHrs/A
CropWtlbs
Mechanical weeder 6.1 1.73No mechanical weeder 9.7 1.90
New Developments in Cool Season Vegetable Weed Control Slide Number 22016 Herbicide EvaluationsEvaluation of low rates of KerbMechanical Weed Control StudiesFinger WeedersSlide Number 7Weed Evaluation of Finger Weeders �in Transplanted Radicchio�Gilroy, 2009Finger WeedersMilestones in Technological DevelopmentsThinners and WeedersSlide Number 12Slide Number 13Slide Number 14A safe zone is established to protect the “keeper” plantsSpray Material Options on Lettuce Slide Number 17Slide Number 18Time to Thin and Time to Weed & Remove DoublesSlide Number 20Slide Number 21Slide Number 22Automated Weeder Evaluation Summary�lettuce and weed plant/A pre and post autoweederAutomated Weeder Evaluation Summary�Hand weeding time and lettuce plant wt