New Directions in Foreign Policy

New Directions in Foreign Policy

a detailed expositiona detailed exposition

Young America Young America

Big Stick Diplomacy Theodore Roosevelt’s Policy

Expresses the idea of peaceful negotiation implemented by some form of force

America becomes a Militarily strong nation from this idealism Panama Canal

Roosevelt negotiates with Columbia to build a canal Columbia is uncooperative America’s Navy supports a revolution to separate Panama Financial benefits are given to Panama to stay independent

$10 million along with $250,000 annually

Big Stick Diplomacy Theodore Roosevelt’s Policy

Expresses the idea of peaceful negotiation implemented by some form of force

America becomes a Militarily strong nation from this idealism Panama Canal

Roosevelt negotiates with Columbia to build a canal Columbia is uncooperative America’s Navy supports a revolution to separate Panama Financial benefits are given to Panama to stay independent

$10 million along with $250,000 annually

Not as Young AmericaNot as Young America

Dollar Diplomacy Encouraged by President Taft

Originally implemented by Roosevelt in 1904 A strategy that opened foreign markets by providing economic

stability Loans were backed in foreign countries to promote economic

activity Latin America and East Asia

Designed to exclusively promote trade for America Led the U.S. to take up many Latin American debts to avoid any

intervening from other countries Monroe doctrine, U.S. felt responsible to watch over these

countries

Dollar Diplomacy Encouraged by President Taft

Originally implemented by Roosevelt in 1904 A strategy that opened foreign markets by providing economic

stability Loans were backed in foreign countries to promote economic

activity Latin America and East Asia

Designed to exclusively promote trade for America Led the U.S. to take up many Latin American debts to avoid any

intervening from other countries Monroe doctrine, U.S. felt responsible to watch over these

countries

“This policy has been characterized as substituting dollars for bullets. It is one that appeals alike to idealistic humanitarian sentiments, to the dictates of sound policy and strategy, and to legitimate commercial aims.”

-William Taft

1912 State of the Union address

“This policy has been characterized as substituting dollars for bullets. It is one that appeals alike to idealistic humanitarian sentiments, to the dictates of sound policy and strategy, and to legitimate commercial aims.”

-William Taft

1912 State of the Union address

AmericaAmerica

Thomas Woodrow Wilson (December 28, 1856 - February 3, 1924)

28th President of the United States Elected in 1912

Democratic Party Opposed: William Taft (Republican), Eugene Debs (Party

of America), Theodore Roosevelt (Progressive Party) Extremely Productive

Legislature activity included Federal reserve Act, Federal Trade Commission Act, Child Labor, & Women’s Suffrage

Thomas Woodrow Wilson (December 28, 1856 - February 3, 1924)

28th President of the United States Elected in 1912

Democratic Party Opposed: William Taft (Republican), Eugene Debs (Party

of America), Theodore Roosevelt (Progressive Party) Extremely Productive

Legislature activity included Federal reserve Act, Federal Trade Commission Act, Child Labor, & Women’s Suffrage

America & WilsonAmerica & Wilson

Moral Diplomacy Directly opposed the Imperialistic Big Stick Idealism Went against sly dollar diplomacy

Wilson declares the government would no longer give special support to foreign investors

American Bankers pull out of Taft’s “Six-nation Loan to China” Wilson and the Panama Canal

Panama Canal Tolls Act of 1912, states America is exempt from tolls on moving goods through the canal

Act is repealed in 1914 Satisfied Britain, because America now had to pay to ship

goods like other countries

Moral Diplomacy Directly opposed the Imperialistic Big Stick Idealism Went against sly dollar diplomacy

Wilson declares the government would no longer give special support to foreign investors

American Bankers pull out of Taft’s “Six-nation Loan to China” Wilson and the Panama Canal

Panama Canal Tolls Act of 1912, states America is exempt from tolls on moving goods through the canal

Act is repealed in 1914 Satisfied Britain, because America now had to pay to ship

goods like other countries

America & WilsonAmerica & Wilson

Moral Diplomacy Jones Act, 1916

Grants the Philippines territorial status and independence once a “stable government” was established

Not until July 4th 1946 was Philippine independence given

Issues in California Californian Legislature established a defensive policy of

Japanese immigration Sparked several protests in Tokyo

Wilson sends Secretary of State, William Jennings Bryan, to encourage changes in the policy which relaxed tensions

Moral Diplomacy Jones Act, 1916

Grants the Philippines territorial status and independence once a “stable government” was established

Not until July 4th 1946 was Philippine independence given

Issues in California Californian Legislature established a defensive policy of

Japanese immigration Sparked several protests in Tokyo

Wilson sends Secretary of State, William Jennings Bryan, to encourage changes in the policy which relaxed tensions

America FaltersAmerica Falters

Haiti – An unstable Empire 1914 the Haitian people rioted and tore their

brutal president apart. In 1915 as a precaution to protect American lives

and property, marines were dispatched They remained for 19 years Haiti becomes an American protectorate

Wilson is forced to go back on his Moral Diplomacy Uses The Roosevelt Corollary to make a treaty

Haiti – An unstable Empire 1914 the Haitian people rioted and tore their

brutal president apart. In 1915 as a precaution to protect American lives

and property, marines were dispatched They remained for 19 years Haiti becomes an American protectorate

Wilson is forced to go back on his Moral Diplomacy Uses The Roosevelt Corollary to make a treaty

MéxicoMéxico

Mexico was exploited Over 1 billion invested by foreigners

Railroads, oil, mines Mexico became rich but the Mexicans were poor

Revolution ensued Escalated when rebels assassinated the popular new

revolutionary president Installed a leader, Victoriano Huerta (Indian) Accelerated migration to the U.S. to escape the

revolution

Mexico was exploited Over 1 billion invested by foreigners

Railroads, oil, mines Mexico became rich but the Mexicans were poor

Revolution ensued Escalated when rebels assassinated the popular new

revolutionary president Installed a leader, Victoriano Huerta (Indian) Accelerated migration to the U.S. to escape the

revolution

MéxicoMéxico

American investments plummet Jingoes pressed for intervention

William Randolf Hearst, ranch owner

Wilson expresses Moral Diplomacy Fires the Ambassador stationed in Mexico Imposes arms embargo Refused to officially recognize Huerta as the

government

American investments plummet Jingoes pressed for intervention

William Randolf Hearst, ranch owner

Wilson expresses Moral Diplomacy Fires the Ambassador stationed in Mexico Imposes arms embargo Refused to officially recognize Huerta as the

government

“I am going to teach the South American Republics to elect good men.”

-Woodrow Wilson

How does this relate to moral diplomacy?

“I am going to teach the South American Republics to elect good men.”

-Woodrow Wilson

How does this relate to moral diplomacy?

MéxicoMéxico

American arms flow to Huerta’s enemies to weaken the regime. Venustiano Carranza Fransisco (Pancho) Villa

American arms flow to Huerta’s enemies to weaken the regime. Venustiano Carranza Fransisco (Pancho) Villa

Tampico IncidentTampico Incident

Mexican tensions increased April of 1914 a small party of American sailors

was arrested Shortly after they were released and Mexico

apologized

Wilson becomes upset and orders the Navy to attack the port of Vera Cruz He acted before congress’ approval

Mexican tensions increased April of 1914 a small party of American sailors

was arrested Shortly after they were released and Mexico

apologized

Wilson becomes upset and orders the Navy to attack the port of Vera Cruz He acted before congress’ approval

Tampico InncidentTampico Inncident

Wilson thinks conflict is inevitable Mediation is offered by Chile, Brazil, and

Argentina Huerta’s regime collapses from external and internal

pressures Replaced by Venustiano Carranza

“Pancho” Villa was discontent with Carranza’s appointment to President In retaliation Villa executed 16 Americans on a train and

19 civilians in New Mexico

Wilson thinks conflict is inevitable Mediation is offered by Chile, Brazil, and

Argentina Huerta’s regime collapses from external and internal

pressures Replaced by Venustiano Carranza

“Pancho” Villa was discontent with Carranza’s appointment to President In retaliation Villa executed 16 Americans on a train and

19 civilians in New Mexico

EuropeEurope

Conflict in Europe caused the war Alliances cause a chain reaction dragging the

world into crisis

Central Powers Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey, Bulgaria

Allied Forces United States, Britain, Russia, France

Conflict in Europe caused the war Alliances cause a chain reaction dragging the

world into crisis

Central Powers Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey, Bulgaria

Allied Forces United States, Britain, Russia, France

Photo RepresentationPhoto Representation

The Great WarThe Great War

Neutrality Proclamation Wilson encouraged the country to remain

neutral on Europe’s matters Both sides wanted the U.S. involvement

Most Americans were anti-German in the first place Along with their strike in Belgium which was

neutral

Though the country was tempted most Americans Still wanted neutrality

Neutrality Proclamation Wilson encouraged the country to remain

neutral on Europe’s matters Both sides wanted the U.S. involvement

Most Americans were anti-German in the first place Along with their strike in Belgium which was

neutral

Though the country was tempted most Americans Still wanted neutrality

EconomyEconomy

Though the country was neutral American goods were traded with Europe reviving the recession Germans, however, still destroyed American

ships angering America Lusitania, 128 Americans perished America clamors for war

Wilson still repels war by politically asserting America’s interests

Though the country was neutral American goods were traded with Europe reviving the recession Germans, however, still destroyed American

ships angering America Lusitania, 128 Americans perished America clamors for war

Wilson still repels war by politically asserting America’s interests

Change in PolicyChange in Policy

America becomes involved in the war Opposite of Neutral Proclamation America becomes aggressively involved

New directions in foreign policy don’t phase the American People Full support from the population

America becomes involved in the war Opposite of Neutral Proclamation America becomes aggressively involved

New directions in foreign policy don’t phase the American People Full support from the population

ReviewReview

How does America’s Foreign Policy change in the early 1900’s?

What is the basis of the Jones Act?

Why did Wilson want America to stay neutral during the war?

How does America’s Foreign Policy change in the early 1900’s?

What is the basis of the Jones Act?

Why did Wilson want America to stay neutral during the war?

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