In this section you will learn about the Pilgrims and

Puritans, their relations with the Native Americans, and their settlement of the New

England colonies.

New England

The Pilgrims were a religious group that separated from the

Church of England, who in turn had separated from the

Catholic Church.

With a voyage arranged by the Virginia Company, the

Pilgrims set sail for America aboard the Mayflower and landed in Plymouth, New

England in 1620.

Puritan route from Holland to England and then America

Pilgrim’s Voyage to Plymouth

The Pilgrims lived on the ship for over a month before they left. The trip took 66 days. They lived on the ship during the first winter.

Plymouth

England

One passenger, a 25 year old man named John Howland fell overboard.

The Mayflower crew spotted Cape Cod on November 9.  The Pilgrims decided to head south, where it encountered rough

seas, and nearly shipwrecked. Rather than risk another attempt, they decided to stay and explore Cape Cod, anchoring

in Provincetown Harbor. They explored Cape Cod, trying to decide where they would build their plantation.  On December

25, 1620, they decided upon Plymouth.

Pilgrims landing at Plymouth Rock

                                                                                

The Puritan Family

The Mayflower stayed with the Pilgrims in America the first winter, and departed home for England in

April, arriving back home in May 1621.  Master Christopher Jones, the ship's captain, died the next year, in March 1622.  Christopher Jones owned a

fourth of the ship, and when he died the ownership of his share passed to his widow, Josian. 

Josian, with the other three owners, stopped using the ship, and by May 1624 it had fallen into ruins.  It was appraised at that time to a value of just over £128, and because of its very poor condition it was almost certainly broken up and sold off as scrap.

The Pilgrims landed outside the limits of the Virginia Company’s

jurisdiction. For the sake of order, the Pilgrims signed an agreement to obey laws established for the good of

the colony - the Mayflower Compact. This compact help

establish the idea self-government and majority rule in America.

Signing of the Mayflower Compact, a painting by Edward Percy Moran, which hangs at the Plymouth Museum.

John Winthrop, first governor of Massachusetts.

Bradford's transcription of the

Mayflower compact

After a devastating first winter, a Native American, Squanto,

acted as an intermediary between the Pilgrims and local Native American tribes, who in

turn taught the pilgrims to plant, grow, and fish.

Squanto (1585?-1622), Native American of the Wampanoag tribe of what is now Massachusetts.

                                                                                      

The Plymouth settlement celebrated the blessings of the first good harvest, holding a

three day feast. It was the first Thanksgiving.

Most of the Pilgrims on the Mayflower were men. Men were the head of the family. Wives were expected to obey them. Children were expected to obey their Mother and Father.

Some of the men brought their wives and children along. After the first winter, only 3 of the 17 wives were still alive to care for the 50 remaining men and children. Nearly half of all the pilgrims died that first winter.

What’s wrong with this picture?

Between 1630 and 1640, a religious group called the

Puritans fled England to escape bad treatment by King James I.

This became known as the Great Migration.

FOR UNDERSTANDING

Between 1630 and 1640, a religious group called the ______fled England

to escape bad treatment by King James I. This became known as

the______.

• 1) Pilgrims, Reformation

• 2) Quakers, Great Escape

• 3) Puritans, first Thanksgiving

• 4) Puritans, Great Migration

The Plymouth settlement celebrated the blessings of the first good

harvest, holding a three day the feast called ______ .

• 1) Mayday

• 2) The Quaker festival of Friends

• 3) Plymouth Day

• 4) Thanksgiving

The Pilgrims signed an agreement to obey laws

established for the good of the colony called the______.

• 1) Mayflower Compact

• 2) Magna Carta

• 3) Constitution

• 4) Bill of Rights

With a voyage arranged by the Virginia Company, the Pilgrims set sail for America aboard the ______ and landed in______ , New England

in______.

• 1) Santa Maria, Roanoke, 1605

• 2) Sea venture, Plymouth, 1625

• 3) Mayflower, Plymouth, 1620

• 4) Mayflower, Roanoke, 1620

The ______ were a religious group that separated from the Church of

England, who in turn had separated from the Catholic Church.

• 1) Baptists

• 2) Mormons

• 3) Pilgrims

• 4) Quakers

After a devastating first winter, a Native American,______, acted as an intermediary between the Pilgrims and local Native American tribes.

• 1) Powhatan

• 2) Squanto

• 3) Sitting Bull

• 4) Pocahontas

In 1630, about 1,000 pilgrims, working for the Massachusetts Bay Company, settled in New

England. John Winthrop became the colonies first

Puritan governor.

                                

Myles Standish, militia

captain at Plymouth.

In 1636, Thomas Hooker moved his congregation to the

Connecticut Valley, where they wrote and adopted a

rudimentary constitution called the Fundamental Orders of

Connecticut.

Hooker's Company reach the Connecticut

                                 

Roger Williams, a Salem Massachusetts minister,

opposed the forced attendance at church and the taking of

Native American lands by force practiced by the Pilgrim

colonists. He fled to Rhode Island, where he established

the first Baptist church in America.

Roger Williams

First Baptist Church in America. Williams

founded the congregation in 1638

Anne Hutchinson believed that a person could worship God without the help of a church, minister, or Bible. Another

group that came to be known as the Quakers, held similar beliefs. Both groups sought

sanctuary in Rhode Island after deplorable treatment by the

Puritans.

"Anne Hutchinson on Trial"

Cartoon of the trial of Anne Hutchinson

Quakers in Pennsylvania meeting with Native Americans

Europeans believe that land could be owned by individuals.

Native Americans believed it belonged to everyone. Between 1675 and 1676, fierce fighting over these differences, known

as King Philips War, was ultimately won by the English

settlers.

King Philip, the son of Massasoit and chief of the

Wampanoag. His Wampanoag

name was Metacom,

Metacomet, or Pometacom.

              

                  

The tide of war began to turn. It became a war of attrition, and both sides were determined to eliminate the other.

In 1692, brought on by accusations from several young Puritan village girls pretending

to be bewitched, more than a hundred people were arrested

and tried for witchcraft in Salem, Massachusetts. The

Salem Witchcraft trials resulted in the execution of 20

people mainly by hanging.

Roger Williams alleged House in Salem (or "Witch House")

"Examination of a Witch" in Salem.

Giles Cory was pressed to death during the Salem witch trials in the 1690s.

The June 10, 1692 hanging of Bridget Bishop

FOR UNDERSTANDING

In 1692 the ______ resulted in the execution of 20 people

mainly by hanging.

• 1) Protestant Reformation

• 2) King Philip’s war

• 3) Salem Witchcraft trials

• 4) Mayflower Compact

______ believed that a person could worship God without the help of a church, minister, or Bible. Another

group that came to be known as the______, held similar beliefs.

• 1) John Smith, Church of England

• 2) Roger Williams, Puritans

• 3) John Rolfe, United Methodist church

• 4) Anne Hutchinson, Quakers

In 1636, ______moved his congregation to the Connecticut

Valley, where they wrote and adopted the______.

• 1) John Smith, Mayflower Compact

• 2) John Rolfe, United States Constitution

• 3) Thomas Hooker, Fundamental Orders of Connecticut

• 4) Roger Williams, Mayflower compact

______, a Salem Massachusetts minister, established the first Baptist

church in America.

• 1) Anne Hutchinson

• 2) Roger Williams

• 3) John White

• 4) Joseph Smith

______ became the New England colony's first Puritan governor.

• 1) John Winthrop

• 2) John Rolfe

• 3) John White

• 4) John Smith

Between 1675 and 1676, fierce fighting broke out between settlers

and Native Americans known as______.

• 1) The Battle of Little Big Horn

• 2) Custer’s last stand

• 3) King Phillips War

• 4) Bacon’s rebellion