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Bachelor of Mountaineering Studies (BMS), FOM, T. U., Kirtipur 1

Tribhuvan UniversityFaculty of Management

Office of the Dean, Kirtipur

Bachelor of Mountaineering Studies (BMS)

Curriculum


Tribhuvan UniversityFaculty of Management

Introduction

The Faculty of Management (FoM), Tribhuvan University has its ultimate objective ofeducating students for professional pursuits in business, industry, and government. It isfurther dedicated to enhancing the knowledge and understanding of business and publicadministration. In this pursuit, FoM aims to develop networking with management institutesin the country and abroad to exchange new knowledge, technology and methods of higherlevel efficiency in management of business and public entities. It also aims continuously toinnovate and promote cost effective, socially relevant, modern technology-basedmanagement educational programmes in Nepal.

Master of Travel and Tourism Management (MTTM), Master of Hospitality Management(MHM), Master of Business Management (MBM), Master of Finance and Control (MFC)and Master of Philosophy (M.Phil) Programme. The FoM also offers doctoral Programme inmanagement leading to a degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Ph. D).The FoM offers instructionto Bachelor of Business Studies (BBS), Bachelor of Business Administration (BBA),Bachelor of Business Administration - Finance (BBA-F), Bachelor of Travel and TourismManagement (BTTM), Bachelor of Hotel Management (BHM), Bachelor of InformationManagement (BIM), Bachelor of Business Management (BBM), Bachelor of PublicAdministration (BPA), Bachelor of Mountaineering Studies (BMS), Post Graduate Diplomain Police Science (PGDPS), Master of Business Studies (MBS), Master of BusinessAdministration (MBA), Master of Public Administration (MPA).

Goals of Faculty of Management

Each academic programme in operation under FoM, has its own specific objectives. Theyare:

to prepare middle and top level professional managers capable of handling business indynamic global

to produce socially responsible and creative entrepreneurs capable of promotingbusiness and industry for the socio-economic development of Nepal,

to conduct research and management development programmes for enhancing theknowledge and skill base of academics and practicing managers,

to innovate and promote management programmes catering to the various social andeconomic sectors of Nepal,

to establish linkages with leading universities and management institutes abroad andcollaborate with them in programme development and implementation, and

to develop managers for public sector with competency in public policy management.


Bachelor of Mountaineering Studies (BMS)

Introduction

Mountains are important assets for the tourism industry. With their clean air and coolclimates, awe-inspiring landscapes and peaks, and rich natural and cultural heritage,mountains are attractive as place of escape from our stressful, urban world. After coastalregion, mountains are second most popular as tourist destinations. It is estimated thatmountains account for roughly 15-20 percent of the global tourism market, generatingbetween 70 and 90 billion US dollar per year. The cover all value of international tourismmarket is between USD 140 and 188 billion in per year and employees between 25-47million people.

The demand for trekking, hiking, camping, mountaineering, rock climbing, mountain biking,wildlife viewing, triathlon, skiing, mountain flight, paragliding, cannoning, skydiving,whitewater river rafting, Jeep Flier, kayaking, canoeing and other forms of non-consumptiveadventure tourism and mountain based tourism activities is ever increasing leading to therapid expansion of the mountain adventure tourism and recreation market.

It is believed that adventure activities are both enjoyable and beneficial. Therefore, it isrecognized as 'Golden Age of Adventure'; the human race finally overcame many of thenatural challenges that it had faced, such as summiting of Mt. Everest (8848m) and the firstnon-stop circumnavigation of the world.

It has also been recognized adventure which is currently used to attain a diversity of learningoutcomes. Experiential learning is like a black box, where people are displayed in one endand they come out better at the other end. Though it is not really known what happens insidethe box but it works. The idea that an adventure experience is like a journey through amystical box is a useful starting point for describing many of the ways in which adventurefacilitation has changed over the past few decades. In this postmodern world the 'Golden Age'of travel has been shifted to current consumer - driven market place, where adventureopportunities are abundant. Modern people live in exciting times.

As tourism industry is expanding tremendously in the world, mountain based adventuretourism has become one of the most important subfields of tourism.

The Himalayan contains the largest mountain in the world; these attract climbers from allover the world. The main climbing countries with Himalaya are Nepal, India, Pakistan andTibet. It is estimated that more than fifteen million people visit mountain each year.

Tourism in Nepal has already passed through three important historical phases known asadvocacy platform (tourism development and promotion led 1960s), cautionary platform(warned against the consequences of tourism led 1970s), adaptancy platform (alternativeform of tourism led 1980s) and has entered into knowledge based platform (deeperunderstanding of tourism led 1990s onward). This platform mainly focuses on tourism


education, research, seminar, conference, research paper writing, publishing, discussion ontourism.

In 1990s, Tribhuvan University offered Bachelor and Master Program in both Travel andTourism and Hospitality Management. Purvanchal University has also offered same degree inboth Tourism and Hospitality Management. Pokhara University has recently introduced BBATravel and Tourism. Recently, Kathmandu University has also introduced Bachelor degree inTourism and Hospitality Management. Salzburg University of Austria has given affiliation torun the Bachelor Degree of Hotel Management and Master in Innovation and Management inTourism in Nepal. SSTH-Switzerland and IMI-Switzerland have also given affiliation to runBachelor in Hotel Management in Nepal. Besides, there are many other colleges which haveintroduced Bachelor in Hotel Management affiliated with foreign universities. Realizing theimportance of tourism and hospitality education, Government of Nepal has alreadyintroduced tourism and hospitality education in class XI and XII by Higher SecondaryEducation Board. However mountaineering education still needs more attention and there areyet many stones left unturned.

In Nepal, a substantive number of students are going abroad for higher education seekingbetter quality and relevance. This new program has been designed to minimize the trend ofmigration of youths and develop professional and technical expertise within the countryitself.

The curriculum of the Bachelor of Mountaineering Studies (BMS) program has beenacademically designed by leading professors of different disciplines and faculties based onthe wisdom of the past (history of mountain tourism and mountaineering) with an eye for thefuture. This program aims to prepare graduates who will poses a set of skills, attributes, andvalues that will equip them to become constructive and contributing leaders in anincreasingly globalized field of mountain tourism.

The curriculum for BMS has been developed by following international standards in a way tocater the needs of rapidly developing tourism and hospitality industry in the globe and inNepal as well. It comprises of foundation courses management, mountaineering and tourismcore courses, elective and project works representing both sectors of management, mountaintourism and mountaineering. The first semester courses are more concentrated on foundationcourses, which will followed by more advanced courses in the second, third and forthsemesters.

It is an intensive program extending over a period of 4 years consisting of 8 semesters andcomprising 129 credit hours, which also offers opportunities to pursue master degree inadventure tourism, management studies, social sciences and tourism and hospitality studies.This course intends to develop professional human resource of mountain environment,mountain tourism, mountain resource management and mountaineering with a broad range ofprofessional skills of climbing, guiding, safety, security, rescue, and providing qualityservice. The course also offers areas of specialization that enables student to be moreacquainted with the emerging trends of tourism industry.


The students of this stream will get theoretical knowledge of European Alps, RockyMountains (North America), Andes Mountains (South America), Snowy Mountains(Australia), Atlas Mountains (Africa) and Hindukush Himalayas (Asia), Himalayan heritage,conservation of biodiversity, geology, geography, climate change, Sociology andanthropology of mountain, tourism in Nepal, tourism policy and planning, mountain tourismand environment, mountaineering, international mountains, trekking peak climbingmanagement, safety and security operation, mountaineering planning, sustainable mountaintourism, sustainable mountain development, intercultural adaptation , Nepalese society andculture, cross-cultural tourism behavior, intercultural communication, mountain resourcemanagement, human resource management, tourism marketing, account, finance, Businesscommunication, e-tourism, customer service management, operational management,entrepreneurship, economics of tourism, foreign language, research methodology, safety andsecurity, risk, crisis and disaster management, rescue system, conflict management and adetail theoretical, technical and practical knowledge about mountaineering, thesis writing,etc. will be also studied by the students of this stream.

Mountaineering Studies are the combinations of business and management (applied science),pure science, social sciences, professional and technical skills. Therefore, this study will bebased on interdisciplinary approaches. Keeping in view of this, the course has been designedin way that the students could acquire both theoretical and practical knowledge of theindustry.

Objectives

The aim of this course is to develop the professional skill and knowledge of students andenable them to advance their careers in mountain adventure in general tourism andmountaineering in particular.

The specific objectives of this course are:

To impart both theoretical and practical knowledge and understanding of mountains,

mountaineering and mountain adventure tourism.

To impart the knowledge about intercultural communication for establishing

intercultural relationship between hosts and guests.

To provide theoretical knowledge about ecology, environment, nature conservation,

protection of biodiversity and preservation of living cultural heritage for sustainable

mountain development and sustainable mountain tourism development.

To develop professionals and technical skills with leadership to administer andmanage mountain expedition.

To understand the mountaineering development trends in national and internationalarena.

To understand the issues pertaining to safety, security and rescue in mountaineeringand trekking.


Upon completion of the degree the students will be able to:

Efficiently handle operational aspects of trekking and mountaineering services.

Efficiently make networking, designing and costing of treks and expeditions.

Display professional efficiency, in using promotional technique, marketing and

measurement of mountain tourism.

Handle the groups successfully through charismatic leadership and competencies.

Be able to make efforts for nature conservation, protection of biodiversity and cultural

preservation.

Exhibit their skills, competence and willingness to work in government and non

government organizations, research institutions, tourism and hospitality industries,

rural and mountain development institutes, academia, and other tourism related

organizations.

Teaching Methods

Lecture and interactions

Individual and group presentation

Case studies: text, audio and visual

Project works and field trips

Review work: Books/Journals

Practical demonstration

Guest lectures

Eligibility for Admission to BMS

The candidates applying for admission to the BMS programme must have:

Successfully Completed 10+2 or equivalent examination in any academic stream with aminimum of 45 % aggregate marks from a Higher Secondary Board or any other boardrecognized by Tribhuvan University with English as a compulsory subject.

Admission Procedures

Candidates seeking admission to the BMS course should apply in the prescribed form forentrance test within the stipulated time. The applicants should enclose with the applicationform, attested copies of:

Certificates and testimonials of all examinations passed Equivalency, Transfer and Character Certificates

Two recent passport size photographs


Must have secured 40% marks in CMAT conducted by T.U.

Admission Test

Students are selected on the basis of merit which is ascertained by written test, score of +2 orequivalent, and interview.

Written test: Eligible applicants are required to appear in the entrance test conducted byFaculty of Management, Tribhuvan University. The test will follow international testingpattern and standards. It includes following areas:

Verbal ability Quantitative ability Logical reasoning General awareness

There shall be altogether 100 (one hundred) objective questions containing 25 (twenty five)questions in each section with a total weight of 100 marks. Student must secure a minimumof 40 per cent in the written test in order to qualify for the interview.

Interview: Applicants securing above cut off point marks in the written test will be short-listed. Only short listed candidates will be interviewed and selected for admission.

Attendance

Students will be required to have a minimum of 80 % attendance in each subject toappear in the semester examination.

Evaluation System

1. Evaluation of students is conducted internally as well as externally. The internalevaluation shall be conducted by the institution running the programme. The externalevaluation shall be conducted by the Faculty of Management, Tribhuvan University.

2. The internal evaluation is conducted through a continuous monitoring of the student'sprogress and periodic assessments. The external evaluation is conducted throughwritten tests at the end of the semester.

Evaluation of the practical examination (field trip) shall be conducted by the internalevaluator. Students must secure a graded the point of 2.70 (50 percent) in order to pass in thepractical examination.

Duration of the Course and Examinations

i. The four year BMS course shall be divisible within 8 semesters and a student willbe required to earn 129 credits to complete the courses.

ii. Each paper will be covered in total 48 hours in which 40 hours will be allocatedfor regular teaching and 8 hours for internal examination, project work,presentation etc.

iii. The examination of the BMS paper shall be of 100 marks out of which 60 markswill be evaluated in semester-end examinations and 40 marks shall be evaluated in


the form of internal examinations, regularity, discipline, class interactions andseriousness.

iv. No dissertation will be accepted without the certificate of the supervisor andauthority of the campus or college.

Passing Grade and Grading system will be as follows

Students must secure a minimum of grade B- or Grade Point Average (GPA) of 2.70 in theinternal evaluation in order to quality of appear in the semester examination. The passinggrade in the semester examination for an individual paper is grade B- of GPA of 2.70. Inorder to pass the semester examination the students must secure the average grade of B orCGPA of 3.00. The overall grade shall be determined be combined grade of the internal andexternal examination. In the internal evaluation the student may be graded in terms of lettergrade of CGPA or numerical value. However, in the semester examination and the finaltranscripts only letter grades and CGPA obtained by the student shall appear. The gradingsystem and its equivalence shall be as follows:

Letter GradeGrade Point

Average (GPA)

NumericalEquivalence in

PercentageRemarks

A 4.00 90 - 100 Distinction

A- 3.70 - 3.99 80 - 89.99 Very Good

B+ 3.30 - 3.69 70 - 79.99 First Division

B 3.00 - 3.29 60 - 69.99 Second Division

B- 2.70 - 2.99 50 - 59.99 Pass in Individual Subject

F Below 2.70 Below 50 Fail

The following table provides the basis of mutual conversion between letter grades, GPA andnumerical equivalence.

Grade Grade Point Average(GPA)

EquivalentPercentage (Basedon Individual Paper

Marks)Remarks

A 4.00 90 - 100 Distinction

A-

3.97 89.0

Very Good

3.94 88.0

3.91 87.0

3.88 86.0

3.85 85.0

3.82 84.0

3.79 83.0

3.76 82.0


3.73 81.0

3.70 80.0

B+

3.66 79.0

First Division

3.62 78.0

3.58 77.0

3.54 76.0

3.50 75.0

3.46 74.0

3.42 73.0

3.38 72.0

3.34 71.0

3.30 70.0

B

3.27 69.0

Second Division

3.24 68.0

3.21 67.0

3.18 66.0

3.15 65.0

3.12 64.0

3.09 63.0

3.06 62.0

3.03 61.0

3.00 60.0

B-

2.97 59.0

Pass in IndividualSubject

2.94 58.0

2.91 57.0

2.88 56.0

2.85 55.0

2.82 54.0

2.79 53.0

2.76 52.0

2.73 51.0

2.70 50.0F Below 2.70 Below 50 Fail

Failing in a Course

In case of failure in one or more courses at the end of semester examinations, students canappear in a chance examination to be arranged in subsequent semester.


Graduation Requirements:

After completion of Eighth semester (Four Years), students must fulfill the followingrequirements to be eligible for a BMS degree.

Successful completion of 129 credit hours with passing grades in each of them.

Successful completion of field trips with report. Completion of courses for the fulfillment of BMS programme must occur within 7

years from the date of admission to the programme.

Course Structure

First YearCode First Semester Subjects Credit Code Second Semester Subjects CreditBMS101

Principles of Management 3 BMS201

Fundamentals of FinancialManagement

3

BMS102

E-Tourism 3 BMS202

Anthropology and Sociology ofMountaineering

3

BMS103

Business Statistics andMathematics

3 BMS203

Business Communication 3

BMS104

English 3 BMS204

Geography of Nepal Himalaya 3

BMS105

Himalayan Heritage 3 BMS205

Tourism in Nepal 3

BMS106

Practical Training Trip - 1(PTT-1)Rock Climbing for a week dayswith report

1 BMS206

Practical Training Trip - 2(PTT-2)Cultural Tour for a week withreport

1

16 16Second Year

Code Third Semester Subjects Credit Code Fourth Semester Subjects CreditBMS301

Management Accounting 3 BMS401

Tourism and HospitalityMarketing

3

BMS302

Cross Cultural Behavior inTourism

3 BMS402

Biodiversity, Conservation andMountain Tourism

3

BMS303

Himalayan Climate and ClimateChange

3 BMS403

Nepalese Society and Culture 3

BMS304

Research Methodology 3 BMS404

Economics of Tourism 3

BMS305

Trekking and Peak ClimbingOperation

3 BMS405

Himalayan Geology 3

BMS306

Practical Training Trip - 3(PTT-3)Trekking Trip up to Base Camp(Exposure) up to 10 days

1 BMS406

Practical Training Trip - 4(PTT-4)Trekking Peak Climbing for 2weeks with reporting successfulclimbing weightage 50%, tripreflection report 50%

3

16 18Third Year

Code Fifth Semester Subjects Credit Code Sixth Semester Subjects CreditBMS501

French Language-I 3 BMS601

Tourism Policy and Planning 3


BMS502

Mountain Environment andTourism

3 BMS602

French Language-II 3

BMS503

Safety and Security Operation 3 BMS603

Tourism Law 3

BMS504

Entrepreneurship 3 BMS604

Conflict Management 3

BMS505

Mountaineering: Fundamentalsof Climbing

3 BMS605

Mountaineering Planning 3

BMS606

Human Resource Management 3

15 18Fourth Year

Code Seventh Semester Subjects Credit Code Eighth Semester Subjects CreditBMS701

Practical Training Trip - 5(PTT-5)Mountain Climbing within6000m for 45 days withreporting

6 BMS801

Practical Training Trip - 6(PTT-6)Mountain Climbing within7000m for 45 days withreporting

6

BMS702

Mountaineering : InternationalMountains

3 BMS802

Service Quality Management(Elective-II)

3

BMS703

Mountain ResourceManagement

3 BMS803

Thesis 6

BMS704

High Altitude Hospitality( Elective-I)

3

15 15Total 129

*NotesEvaluation Modality of Practical Training Trips

50% weightage will be given for successful completion of the trip by individual student. 50% weightage will be given for successful submission of a formative field trip report. Students must secure minimum 45 % from both above weightages. Field Trip completion evaluation will be done by respective trip supervisor. Field Trip report will be evaluated by concerned academic designated teacher/faculty. Field Trip evaluation report should be submitted to the office of the Dean, Faculty of

Management within 25 days of the completion of the semester end examination.

The above mentioned field work or Practical Training Trip (PTT 1-6) in different semesters will becompulsory courses. In case if the student is absent in any one of the trips will not be allowed to enterinto semester end exam. Every term paper must be submitted in the given time at college. After theevaluation of the term papers, the college will send the final marks to the Dean's Office within 25 daysof semester end examination.

Foundation Courses (30 Credit Hours)

English 3Business Statistics and Mathematics 3Geography of Nepal Himalaya 3French Language-I 3French Language-II 3Himalayan Climate 3Business Communication 3


Himalayan Heritage 3Nepalese Society and Culture 3Himalayan Geology 3

Management Core Courses (30 Credit Hours)

Principles of Management 3Trekking and Peak ClimbingManagement 3Mountain Resource Management 3Management Accounting 3Fundamentals of Financial Management 3Research Methods 3Safety and Security Operation 3Human Resource Management 3Entrepreneurship 3Conflict Management 3

Mountaineering and Tourism Core Courses (39 Credit Hours)

Mountaineering: Fundamentals ofClimbing 3Mountaineering Planning 3Mountaineering: InternationalMountains 3Anthropology and Sociology ofMountaineering 3Cross Cultural Behavior in Tourism 3Tourism in Nepal 3Bio-diversity Conservation andMountain Tourism 3Mountain Environment and Tourism 3Tourism Policy and Planning 3E-Tourism 3Tourism and Hospitality Marketing 3Tourism Law 3Economics of Tourism 3

Elective (Only Two papers will be offered out of five)(6 Credit Hours)

Service Quality Management 3High Altitude Hospitality 3Strategic Management inMountaineering 3Sustainable Adventure Tourism 3Outdoor Adventure Education 3

Project Work (24 Credit Hours)

Thesis 6Field Trip and Reporting 18

Bachelor of Mountaineering Studies (BMS), FOM, T. U. Kirtipur 1

Course Contents

1. Principles of Management 3

2. E-Tourism 6

3. Business Statistics and Mathematics 8

4. Compulsory English 10

5. Himalayan Heritage 13

6. Fundamentals of Financial Management 16

7. Anthropology and Sociology of Mountaineering 19

8. Business Communication 22

9. Geography of Nepal Himalaya 24

10. Tourism in Nepal 28

11. Management Accounting 31

12. Cross- Cultural Behavior in Tourism 33

13. Himalayan Climate and Climate Change 36

14. Research Methodology 40

15. Trekking and Peak Climbing Operation 42

16. Tourism and Hospitality Marketing 45

17. Biodiversity, Conservation and Mountain Tourism 47

18. Nepalese Society and Culture 50

19. Economics of Tourism 53

20. Himalayan Geology 55

21. French language-I 58

22. Mountain Environment and Tourism 60


23. Safety and Security Operation 64

24. Entrepreneurship 67

25. Mountaineering Planning 69

26. Tourism Policy and Planning 72

27. French Language- II 76

28. Tourism Law 78

29. Conflict Management 80

30. Mountaineering: Fundamentals of Climbing 84

31. Mountain Resource Management 87

32. Mountaineering: International Mountains 90

33. High Altitude Hospitality 92

34. Human Resource Management 95

35. Service Quality Management 97


Principles of Management

Course Title Principles of ManagementCourse Code NumberCredit Hours 3Course Objectives The purpose of this course is to provide students with a broad and

integrative introduction to the theories and practice ofmanagement. In particular, this course focuses on the major areasof the management process: planning, organizing, leadership andcontrol from an organizational viewpoint. The course alsoattempts to enable students to understand the role, challenges, andopportunities of management in contributing to the successfuloperations and performance of organizations.

Learning Unit- 1

Net Contact Hours: 8

Introduction to Management

Introduction to management – management as a system; Functionsof management; Managerial roles and skills; Management theories– the classical, behavioral, management science, systems,contingency, and contemporary perspectives on management. Theenvironmental context of management – organization-environmentinterface; Types and components of organizational environment;Methods of environmental analysis.

Learning Unit- 2Net Contact Hours: 8

Planning and Decision Making

Organizational goals – purpose and functions; The planningfunction – planning system, methods, types, and steps in theplanning process; Concept and importance of strategicmanagement - situational analysis; Tools to aid strategic planning.Managerial decision making – concept; The decision makingprocess; Types and conditions of decision making; Group decisionmaking; Techniques to aid decision making.

Learning Unit- 3


Organizational Structure and Staffing

Organizational structure - principles, process, and approaches toorganizing; Organizational design – major types; Departmentation;Authority and responsibility; Delegation and decentralization ofauthority; Informal organization; Emerging concepts in organizingand design. Staffing - concept, objectives, importance and


components of staffing; Managing diverse employees.

Learning Unit- 4


Mobilizing Individuals and Groups

Leadership – concept and functions; Leadership traits; Approachesto leadership. Managing work teams – concept, types andformation of work groups; Team management; Conflictmanagement strategies. Employee motivation – concept; theoriesof motivation – Maslow, Herzberg, and McGregor’s theories;Motivation through employee participation; Organizationalcommunications – communication process; Types ofcommunication; Barriers to effective communication; Enhancingorganizational communication.

Learning Unit- 5


Management Control System

Control system – concept, types and process; Features of effectivecontrol; Information system for effective control; Financialcontrol; Operations control; Techniques of control. Qualitymanagement – concept and factors affecting quality; Qualitycontrol; Total Quality Management – concept and techniques;Deming management; Emerging quality management issues andchallenges.

Learning Unit- 6


Organizational Change and Development

Organizational change – concept; Forces for change – internal andexternal; Need for planned change; Process of planned change;Resistance to change; Causes of resistance; Overcoming resistanceto change; Implementing and monitoring the change process.Organizational development – concept, objectives, benefits, basicOD model, OD process; Organizational learning.

Total Contact Hours 48

Basic Text Books Bateman, T. S. and Snell, S. A. (2010) Management:

Competing in the New Era, New Delhi: Tata McGraw Hill

Publishing Company.

Pant, P. R. (2012) Principles of Management, Kathmandu:

Buddha Academic Enterprises.

References Griffin, R. W. (2012). Management. New Delhi: AITBS


Publishers and Distributors.

Robbins, S. P. and DeCenzo, A. D. (2012). Fundamentals of

Management. New Delhi: Pearson Education.

Koontz, H. and Weihrich, H. (2013). Essentials of

Management: An International and Leadership Perspective,

New Delhi: Tata McGraw Hill Education Private Ltd

Evaluation Scheme In-semester – 40%

End-semester – 60%

Total 100%


E-Tourism

Course Title E-TourismCourse CodeNumberCredit Hours 3CourseObjective

The course is designed to provide the students with the basic concepts and functionalknowledge on use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in tourismindustry. This course would let students to have basic understanding of differenttechnologies used in local and international context. The course also intends to focuson the Internet and associated technologies that influence outdoor recreation andtourism businesses.

At the end of this course students would be able to understand, adapt, and applydifferent technologies, their trends into their work places for day to day businessexecution.

Learning Unit-1Net contactHours: 8

Introduction to E-Tourism

Introduction to E-Tourism; Concept of organizational system and InformationSystems. Tourism value chain and e-tourism; Tourism as information bases business;Key innovations related to E-Tourism.

(Group Activity-1: Students would explore organizations using ICT for running theirbusiness over internet/cases and briefly discuss in group as an class activity)


Foundation of Information Systems

Information Technology Vs. Information System; History of Information Systems inbusiness/tourism.Computer software technologies. Software types. Software Trends.Computer hardware technologies. Hardware types. Hardware Trends.Computer network technologies. Network types, Network Trends.Features of rugged hardware, network environment essential for high altitude businessactivities.


Internet TechnologiesEmergence of Internet and its impact on tourism business; Intermediaries; Web 2.0;Social Media; Internet/Intranet/Extranet and E-Tourism; Limitations and threats ofInternet.



Application of ICT in Tourism

Role of computer in tourism (hotel, airline, trekking, transport); ComputerReservation systems; Global distribution systems, Intermediaries; Infomediaries.

(Group Activity-2: Students would explore/study the use of ICT in specific tourismsectors in local context and discuss the risk and challenges.)


Mobile Technologies and GIS

Mobile technologies for mountain tourism; concept of GPS and navigations;Geographical Information Systems; Mountain Mappings


Emerging Issued in e-Tourism

Concept of Software licensing and Intellectual property right; Impact of e-tourism toindividual, group and society; Moral, legal and ethical issues related to e-tourism; E-tourism and security of information systems.

Total ContactHours:

48

Basic Text Boos Dimitrios Buhalis eTourism: Information Technology for Strategic Tourism

Management

James A. O'Brien, Management Information Systems, 7th Edition, New Delhi:

Tata McGraw-Hill.

OtherReferences

Contemporary Tourism Reviews, Dimitrios Buhalis, Ph.D.,Soo Hyun Jun,

Ph.D

International Federation for Information Technologies in Travel and Tourism

(IFITT), www.ifitt.org

EvaluationScheme

In-semester 40 %

End-semester 60%

Total 100%


Business Statistics and Mathematics

CourseTitle

Business Statistics and Mathematics

CourseCodeNumberCreditHours

3

CourseObjective

The basic objective of this course is to acquaint the students with the necessarymathematical tools and statistical methods to be used in the decision making processof Hospitality and Tourism Management.

LearningUnit-1Net contactHours : 8

IntroductionMeaning, Scope and limitations of statistics, Types and sources of data, Methodsand collection of primary and secondary data, Problems of data collectionClassification and Presentation of DataData classification, Presentation of Data, Diagrammatic presentation, Graphicpresentation


Statistical MeasuresMeasures of central tendency: Mean, Median, Mode, Weighted average, Geometricmean, Harmonic mean, Choice and general limitations of an average, Measures ofdispersion: Range, quartile deviation, Average deviation, Standard deviation, Lorenzcurve, Coefficient of variation, Skewness, Moment and Kurtosis: Meaning,Objective and measurement of skewness, Karl Pearson’s Bowley’s and Kelly’sMeaning of moment, Kurtosis and its measurement.


CorrelationIntroduction, Types of Correlation, Methods of Studying Correlation, Properties ofKarl Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient, Correlation for Bivariate FrequencyDistribution, Probable Error, Rank Correlation.RegressionIntroduction, Linear and non-linear Regression, Lines (or equations) of Regression,Properties of Regression Coefficients


Time SeriesIntroduction, Importance of Time Series analysis, components Time Series,Mathematical Models for Time Series, Methods of Measuring Trend, Measurementof Seasonal Variation, Deseasonalizing the Time SeriesIndex NumbersIntroduction, Types of Index Numbers, Problems involved in the Construction of


Index Numbers, Notation and Terminology, Methods of Construction of IndexNumbers, Test of Consistency, Base Shifting, Deflating, Cost of Living IndexNumber, Uses of Index NumbersProbabilityIntroduction, Basic Terminology in Probability, Fundamental Principle of Counting,Approach of Probability, Laws (or rules) of Probability


MathematicsMatrix: Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, Transpose of matrix cofactor,Adjoint, Inverse and Its use to solve up to three simultaneous equations and rank ofa matrix.Determinants: Diagonals and their use to find the numerical values of a determinant,Expanding determinant to find its numerical values, Properties of determinant. Useof determinant to solve up to three simultaneous equations


Quantitative AnalysisIntroduction to Quantitative Analysis, Application of Management Science:Scientific approach to decision making, Business environment, Certainty andUncertainty situations, Linear Programming: Introduction and Graphical Method.

TotalContactHours:

48

Basic TextBooks

Bajracharya, B.C. (1997), Business Statistics and Mathematics,M.K.Publishers and Distributors, Kathmandu.

Sthapit, Azaya B., Yadav, Rashindra P., Khanal Shankar P. (2004), BusinessStatistics, Asmita Books Publishers and Distributors, Puralisadak,Kathmandu.

Levin Richard I., Rubin David S.(1998), Statistics for Management, PearsonEducation, Inc.

OtherReferences

Beri, G.C. (2003), Statistics for Management, Tata McGraw-Hill.

Gupta, S.C. (2004), Fundamental of Mathematics, Himalaya PublishingHouse.

Shrestha, Ganga (2003), Fundamentals of Statistics, A.S.A.N. Books.

EvaluationScheme

In-semester 40%End – semester 60%___________________________________________________________________Total 100%


English

Course title English

Year: I Semester: I

Credit: 3 Teaching Hrs. 48

This course aims at providing a coherent and integrated course of study that will teach core skills inanalyzing texts and to develop knowledge of different types of writing and verbal communication, tolearn, to analyse and interpret meaning through the study of English language, form and style in variousforms of discourse. This paper serves as a link between previous studies of English at the highersecondary levels and then introduces the students to new critical techniques and ideas. Upon completionof the course, they will come to understand the structure of English and how it is used for communicationand other purposes.

Course Objective:

The general objective of the course is to allow students to study texts and authors from a wide range ofEnglish writing in order to develop their skills in reading and writing varieties of English texts. Thespecific objectives are to enable students to:

develop critical skills; acquire a range of intellectual and interpersonal skills; evaluate and interpret text materials; explain the materials logically, orally or on paper; and work independently and as a member of a group.

Module I

English Grammar, Writing, and Communication Activities: 24 hoursNote: This text book is divided into major and minor units with clear instructions to usetextual materials. Each lesson needs to be exercised in the prescribed manner. Followingunits are selected.

1 Desert Island

2 Around the World

3 Food and Drink

4 Crossing the Channel

5 Buildings and Home


6 The Third Age

7 Communication

8 The English- speaking World

9 Travelers

10 The Climb to Annapurna (from 'Travel and Transport')

Text Books:

1. Jones, Leo (2013) Cambridge Advanced English, Cambridge: CUP.2. Rao, A. Rama Krishna (2013) Learning English: A Communicative Approach, India:

Orient Black Swan P.

Module 2

English Language, Reading, Writing, and Presentation Activities 24 hrs.

This course aims to develop writing skills offering extensive advice on planning, writing and revising,including brainstorming, clustering, journal writing, and editing. Prescribed exercises must be done.Following units are selected.

1. Introduction: Reading to Write

2. The Writing Process: Invention, Arrangement, Drafting and Revision

3. Narration: Martin Gansberg: "Thirty-eight Who Saw Murder Didn't Call the Police"

4. Description: N. Scott Momaday: "The Way to Rainy Mountain"

5. Exemplification: Robert M. Linlinfeld and William L. Rathje: "Six Enviro-Myths"

6. Process: Alexander Petrunkevitch: "The Spider and the Wasp"

7. Cause and Effect: Marie Winn, Television: "The Plug-In Drug"

8. Comparison and Contrast: Bruce Catton: "Grant and Lee" A Study in Contrast

9. Definition: Judy Brady: "I Want a Wife"

10. Argumentation: Martin Luther King, Jr.: "Letter From Birmingham Jail"

11. Using and Documenting Sources: Paraphrasing, Summarizing, and Using Quotations, Avoiding

Plagiarism, Using APA Style to Cite and Document Sources

Text Book:

Kirszner, G. Laurie and Stephen R. Mandell (2012) Patterns for College Writing: A RhetoricalReader and Guide, 7th ed. New York: St. Martin's Press.References:

1. Nissani, Moti and Shreedhar Lohani (2012) Flax-Golden Tales: An Interdisciplinary


approach to Learning English, Kathmandu: Ekta Books.2. Colona, Mary R. and Judith E. Gilbert (2012) Reason to Write: Strategies for Success in

Academic Writing, Oxford U. Press, latest edition.

3. Evaluation Procedures: The evaluation procedures will comprise class tests, quizzes, home

assignments, class presentations, one mid-term and end-term examinations which will be

followed by semester's end-term of 3 hrs written examination.

Evaluation

Scheme

In-semester 40 %

End-semester 60%

Total 100%


Himalayan Heritage

Course Title Himalayan Heritage

Course CodeNumberCredit Hours 3Course Objective This course is designed to provide the students with the basic concepts of heritage of

Himalayan region in terms of prehistory, history, culture, tradition, religious belief, art,architecture, pilgrimage, monastic order, semiotics and cultural aesthetic values.


Introduction to Heritage and Heritage TourismDefining and Describing Heritage, Heritage Management, Significance of Heritage Tourism,Classification of Heritage Tourism, Heritage Tourism and Authenticity, Heritage Tourism andMuseulogy.


Historical Development of Buddhism in Northern NepalIntroduction to Sacred Landscape, Existence of Bon religion in northern Nepal, Evolution andexpansion of Buddhism in Nepal and Tibet, Major sects of Himalayan Buddhism:Nyingmapa, Kagyupa, Sakyapa and Gelugpa.


Monastic InstitutionsTypology of monastery, Religious significance of monastery, Monastery as an integral part ofTibetan Buddhist community, Typology of monks and Lamas, Typology of monasteries,Reincarnate Lama, Amchi, Shamanish, Monastic education, Tibetan Buddhist alter systems.


Tangible Heritage of Himalayan RegionCaves, Forts and castles, Palaces, Stupas, Mani walls, Prayer wheels, Sacred poles, Sacredflags, Wall paintings, Thangka paintings, Secular buildings, Village entrance gate, Rooftopsacred flags, Five colourful flags, Concept of serpent deity and white plain flags, CulturalResource Management/Heritage Management. Prospects of Cultural Heritage Tourism in theMountain.


Himalayan PilgrimagesTibetan Buddhists' Concept of Pilgrimage, Pilgrimage to Gosaikunda, Muktinath, Pathivara,Halesi and Kailash Mansarovar, Bheyul (Hidden Pilgrimage), Prospects of PilgrimageTourism in the Himalayas.


A Case Study of Important Monasteries and Nunneries of Northern NepalTyangboche Monastery of Khumbu, The Nunnery of Bigu – Dolakha, Jyampa Monastery ofMustang, Braga Gumba of Manang, The Major Himalayan Festivals: Lhosar, Dumdze,Manirimdu, Nyungne, Yertong and Tijee, Prospects of Monastery Tourism and FestivalTourism.

Total ContactHours:

48

Basic Text Boos Adhikari, S. M. (2055 BS). Jumla Rajyako Itihas (in Nepali). Kathmandu: CNAS,TU.

Park, H.Y.(2014). Heritage Tourism, London:Routledge Darnal P. (2006). Inventory of Cultural Heritage of Upper Lo Mustang (Jyampa,

Thubsen, Thode, Logekar and Tsarang Monastery). A report submitted to Upper


Mustang Biodiversity Conservation Project, Report submitted to the National Trustfor Nature Conversation.

Messerschmidt, D. A. (1989). The Hindu Pilgrimage to Muktinath Nepal Part I.National and Super-national Attribute to the Sacred Field. Mountain Research andDevelopment, 9(2), 89-104.

Sharma, P., & Darnal, P. (2005). Report of Cultural Heritage Conservation Upper LoMustang Area Conservation Management Plan 2006-2010. Submitted to KMTNC.

Sharma, P., & Gurung, G. ( ). Blo Mustangko Samskritik Sampada (in Nepali).Kathmandu: CNAS, TU.

Sherpa, N. H. ( ). Himali Baudha Samskritik Adhyayan (in Nepali). Kathmandu:CNAS, TU.

Shrestha, T. B. (2042 BS). Parbat Rajyako Aitihasik Ruprekha (in Nepali).Kathmandu: CNAS, TU.

Rishal, R.(2060 B.S.?) Manang’ ma Gumba Sanskriti. Pragna, varsa-32, pp. 51-66. Cech, K .(1993) The Social and Religious Identity of the Tibetan Bonpos. In Ramble,

C. and Braun, M. (eds.) Anthropology of Tibet and the Himalaya, Kathmandu: VajraPublications, pp. 39-48.

Rimpuche, C.T. (1975) Visual Dharma, Berkeley: Shambhala. Kunwar, R.R.(1989), Fire of Himal Anthropological Study of the Sherpas of Nepal

Himalayan Region. Kunwar, R.R, (1999), Himalayan Heritage: Society Culture and Religion .

Kathmandu: Laxmi Kunwar. Lopez, D.S. (ed.) (1997) Religions of Tibet in Practice Part I &II

Jest, C.(1981) Monuments of Northern Nepal, UNESCO. Snellgrove, D.L. (1998) Himalayan Pilgrimage Boulder: Prajna Press. Park, H.Y. Heritage Tourism, London:Routledge.

Other References Sharma, P., & Maskey, M. (2001). IEA Study Team for KORALLA. Jomsom Road,Lomanthang Section, Report submitted to KMTNS.

Sestini, V and Somigli, E. (1978) Sherpa Architecture, UNESCO. Tautscher, G. (2007) Himalayan Mountain Cults Sailung, Kalinchowk Gaosikunda

Kathmandu: Vajra Publications. Khosala, R. (1979) Buddhist Monasteries with Western Himalaya, Kathmandu:

Ratnapustak Bhandar. Rhie, M.M. Thurman, R.A.F., Leonov, G. and Samosyuk, K.( 1991) Wisdom and

Compassion The Sacred Art of Tibet. Arts of Asia, Vol.21, No.5, pp. 81-96. Ortner , S. B. (1989), High Religion A Cultural and Political History of Sherpa

Buddhism . Princeton: Princeton University Press. Pandey, R. N.(1998) Buddhist Monuments in Northern Nepal. Pragna, Anka Stein, R.A.(1972) Tibetan Civilization, London: faber and Faber. Tucci, G. Preliminary report on Two Scientific Expeditions, Roma: SMED. Utschaw, N.(1992-93) Chorten in Mustang Ancient Nepal No. 130-133, pp. 147-161. Toffin, G.(1991) Man and His House in the Himalayas . Kathmandu: Mandala


Bookpoint. Jackson, D.p.(1984) The Mollas of Mustang, Dharmasala. Mishra, T.N. (1994) The Archaeological Research in the high mountain of Mustang

District. Ancient Nepal 136,pp.147-161. Phole,P. (1993) Geographical research on the Cultural landscape of Southern

Mustang, Ancient Nepal.

Tuci, G.(1980) The Religions of Tibet, London: Rontledge and Kegan paul. No. 134,pp. 57-81.

Tiwari, D.N. (1985) Cave Burials from western Nepal. Ancient Nepal, No.85, pp. 1-12

Gurung, Jagman, Jyampa Gumbako Karchyagma… Contributions to NepaleseStudies, vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 215-238

Jackson, D.P.(1976) The Early History of to (Mustang) and Nagari Contributions toNepalese Studies,Vol.4,No.1 ,(pp. 39-56).

EvaluationScheme

In-semester 40%End-semester 60%Total 100%


Fundamentals of Financial Management

Course Title Fundamentals of Financial Management

Course CodeNumberCredit Hours 3Course Objective The overall objective of this course is to enable the students to:

1. Acquire a sound knowledge of the major corporate financial decisions.

2. Gain analytical skills required for making corporate financial decisions.

3. Analyze corporate financial decision making practices.

Learning Unit-1

Net contactHours: 8

Introduction to financial management

Importance of financial management, Finance in the organizational structure of thefirm, finance functions in business, the financial manager's responsibilities, goals offinancial management, and agency problem in business. Time value of money:Future value and compounding, present value and discounting, finding out thediscount rate, finding the number of periods, even and uneven cash flows, semi-annual and other compounding periods, comparison of different types of interestrates and amortized loans.

Learning Unit-2

Net contactHours: 8

Bond valuation and stock valuation LH 15

Bonds and their valuation: Meaning, and key features of bonds, financial assetvaluation, cash flows for a regular bond, bond valuation, discount bond andpremium bond, bond yields, yield to maturity, current yields, yield to call, andsemi-annual bonds. Stocks and their valuation: Features of common stock, commonstock valuation, finding intrinsic value of the stock: constant growth stock, zerogrowth stock, and super normal growth, determining rate of return on the stock,preferred stock: Features and valuation and stock valuation of Nepalese companies.

Learning Unit-3

Net contactHours: 8

Capital Structure and Cost of Capital

Business risk and financial risk, breakeven analysis, determining breakeven point,breakeven chart, operating leverage, degree of operating leverage, financialleverage, degree of financial leverage, and combining operating and financialleverage. Cost of capital: Importance of cost of capital, cost of capital components:component cost of debt, component cost of preferred stock, component cost ofequity, weighted average cost of capital and factors affecting weighted average costof capital.


Learning Unit-4

Net contactHours: 8

The basics of capital budgeting

Importance of capital budgeting, ranking investment proposals, the payback rule,discounted cash payback, accounting rate of return, net present value, internal rateof return, normal and non-normal cash flows, NPV profiles, crossover rate,modified internal rate of return, and profitability index.

Learning Unit-5

Net contactHours: 8

Working capital management

Concept of working capital, importance of working capital management, factorsaffecting working capital, and cash conversion or working capital cash flow cycle.Cash management: Importance of cash management, motives for holding cash,cash management techniques: cash budget, managing collections, concentrationbanking, and control of disbursement. Receivables management: Purpose ofreceivables management, elements of credit policy, credit standard, credit terms,evaluating proposed changes in credit policy, and aging schedule of receivables.Inventory management: Importance of inventory management, inventory decisionmodels, tabulation, graphic and formula methods, reorder point and safety stock.

Learning Unit-6

Net contactHours: 8

Dividend policy

Nature of dividend policy, dividend payment procedure, factors influencingdividend policy, general dividend patterns in the economy, types of dividendpayout schemes, share repurchases, stock dividends and stock splits includingreverse splits.

Total ContactHours:

48

Basic Text Books Pradhan, Radhe Shyam. (2010) Financial Management, Kathmandu: BuddhaAcademic Enterprises.

OtherReferences

Annual Reports of Nepalese Companies.

Brealey, Richard A., Stewart C. Myers, and Alan J. Marcus. (2012)Fundamentals of Corporate Finance, New York: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.

Brigham, Eugene F. and Joel F. Houston. (2013) Fundamentals of FinancialManagement, Mason: South Western Publishing.

Gilbert, Erika and Alan Reichert (Spring/Summer 1995), “The practice offinancial management among large United States corporations,” FinancialPractice and Education, Volume 5, No. 1, pp. 16-23.

Pradhan, Radhe Shyam. (2006) Research in Nepalese Finance', Kathmandu:Buddha Academic Enterprises.

Ross, Stephen A., Randolph W. Westerfield, and Bradford D. Jordan. (2011)Fundamentals of Corporate Finance, Boston: McGraw-Hill/Irwin.


Van Horne, James C. and Wachowicz, John M. Jr, (2009) Fundamentals ofFinancial Management, Delhi: Pearson Education Limited.

EvaluationScheme

In-semester 40 %End-semester 60%

Total 100%


Anthropology and Sociology of Mountaineering

Course Title Anthropology and Sociology of Mountaineering

Course CodeNumberCredit Hours 3Course Objective This course is designed to provide the students with basic concepts of tourism and its social

field, tourism as humanity, tourism as meaning, ritual, residual culture, tourist culture ,tourism culture, host-guest interaction and understanding links between tourism systems andculture might help prevent or minimize negative impacts on a host culture occurring throughthe act of receiving tourists.

Learning Unit-1

Net contactHours: 8

Introduction to Anthropology and Sociology

Defining and Describing Anthropology and Sociology.

A Brief Introduction to Theoretical Approaches of Anthropology and Sociology.

Learning Unit-2

Net contactHours: 8

Introduction to Tourism

Defining and Describing Tourism, Nature and Scope of Tourism, Tourism Platforms, TouristTypology and Tourism Typology

Learning Unit-3

Net contactHours: 8

Anthropology and Sociology of Tourism

Theoretical Approaches to Anthropology and Sociology of Tourism, Touristic Traditions,Tourism and Gender, Tourism and Globalization, Place, People and Movement.

Learning Unit-4

Net contactHours: 8

Theories of Tourism and Tourism Development

Theories of Tourism: N.Leiper's System Theory; R.Butler's Life Cycle Theory; V.Doxy'sIrridex Model; S.Plog's Destination Development Theory; Theories of Tourism Development:Modernization, Dependency Theory, World System Theory, Neo-Liberalism and Formal andInformal Sector Analysis.

Learning Unit-5

Net contactHours: 8

Theories of Mountaineering Adventure Tourism

Introduction to Adventure Tourism, Hard and Soft Adventure, Tourism's Contributions toAdventure Tourism, A Theoretical Framework of Mountaineering Adventure Tourism,Historical Development of Mountaineering, The Mountains and Commodifications, MountainAdventure Tourism Vs. Mountain Adventure Tourism Recreation, Conceptual Framework ofMountaineering Adventure Recreation, Motivation: Push and Pull Factors, Life Styles ofMountaineers and Personality Characteristics of Mountaineers, Adventure Tourism in NepalInternational Fame of Nepalese Mountaineers, Hyper Masculine.

Learning Unit-6

Net contact

Pursuing Risk

Basic Concepts of Competencies and Risk, Various Theories of Risk in Mountain Adventure


Hours: 8 Tourism, Risk Vs Insight Model, Inconsistencies in Risk Theory, Emmersion's Transcendenceas Insight, Thoreau's Insightfull Adventure, The Ecological Imperative, Narcissism, theconcept of work-group culture and regressive work-group culture, A Comparative Analysis ofClimbing Environments and Practices, A Case study of Mt. Everest Disaster – May, 1996,Marketing Implications and Strategic Options, Customer Value, Satisfactions and BehavioralIntentions.

Total contactHours:

48

Basic Text Books Aitchison, C.(2009) Gender and Tourism Discourses: Advancing the Gender Projectin Tourism Studies. In Jamal, T. and Robinson, M. (eds.) SAGE Handbook of TourismStudies, SAGE, pp. 631-644.

Burns, P.M. (1999). An Introduction to Tourism and Anthropology. Routledge. Smith,V.L.(ed.((1989) Hosts and Guests The Anthropology of Tourism, Philadelphia:

University of Pennsylvania Press. Smith, M., Macleod, N. and Hart Robertson, M. (2010). Key Concepts in Tourist

Studies, London: Sage. Kunwar, R.R. (2012) Tourists and Tourism: Science and Industry Interface,

Kathmandu: Ganga Sen Kunwar. Cohen, E.(1984) The Sociology of Tourism Approaches, Issues and Findings Annual

Review of Sociology,Vol.10,(pp.373-392). Kunwar, R.R.(2002) Anthropology of Tourism, A Case Study of Chitwan Sauraha,

Delhi: Adroit Publisher. Reisinger, Y.(2006) Social Contact Between Tourist and Hosts in Different Cultural

Background. In France, L. A.(ed.) Sustainable Tourism (pp.129-134), Earthscan. Nash, D. (1996) Anthropology of Tourism, Pergamon. Buckley, R. (2006) Adventure Tourism, CABI. Buckley, R. (2010) Adventure: Tourism Management, Elsevier.

Other References Cooke, C., Bunting, D. and O’Hara, J.(Eds.)(2010) Mountaineering: Training andPreparation, Human Kinetics.

Cox, S.M. and Fulsaas , K. ( Eds. ) (2005) Mountaineering: The Freedom of theHills, Seattle : The Mountaineers.

Gurung, H.(2004) Peaks and Pinnacles: Mountaineering in Nepal, Kathmandu: NepalMountaineering Association

Kunwar, R. R. (Co- author) (2002) Nepalese Climbers on Mt. Everest, Kathmandu:Pema Chhanji Sherpa

Kunwar, R.R. (2012). Safety and Security in Tourism: A Study of Crisis and DisasterManagement. Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Education, Vol .2.

Kunwar, R. R. (2013) Nepal Himalayan Region :The Living Laboratory forMountaineering Education . Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Education, Vol .3.

Swarbrooke, J., Beard, C., Leckie, S. and Pamfret, G. (2003) Adventure Tourism: TheNew Frontier, Butterworth/Heinemann.

UNEP and Conservational Internationals (2011) Tourism and Mountains: A PracticalGuide to Managing the Environmental and Social Impacts of Mountain Tours, UNEPand Conservational Internationals.

Pomfret, G. (2006). Mountaineering Adventure Tourists: A Conceptual Framework ofResearch. Tourism Management, 27, pp.113-123.

Frohlick, S. (1999-2000). The "Hyper Masculine" Landscape of High Altitude


Mountaineering. Masculinities, Vol. 14. Bott, E. (2009). Big Mountain, Big Name: Globalised Relations of Risk in Himalayan

Mountaineering. Journal of Tourism and Cultural Change, 7 (4), pp. 287-301. Kane, M.J. and Tucker, H. (2004). Adventure Tourism: The Freedom to Play with

Reality. Tourist Studies, 4(3) pp. 217-234. Jansson, A. (2007). A Sense of Tourism: New Media and the Dialectic of

Encapsulation / Decapsulation. Tourist Studies,7(1), pp. 5-24. Beedie, P. and Hudson, S. (2003).Emergence of Mountain-Based Adventure Tourism.

Annals of Tourism Research, 30(3), pp. 625-643. Bonington, C (2003), Everest, London: Weidenfeld & Nicholson. Boukreev, A. and DeWalt, G.W. (1997). The Climb: Tragic Ambitions on Everest,

New York: St. Martin's Krakauer, J. (1997b). Into Thin Air: A Personal Account of the Mount Everest

Disaster, London: Pan Books. Hunt, J. (1954). The Conquest of Everest, New York: E.P. Dutton. Sharpe, R. (2005). Going Above and Beyond: The Emotional Labour of Adventure

Guide. Journal of Leisure Research, 37:29-50. Neale, J. (2002). Tigers of the Snow: How One Fateful Climb made the Sherpas

Mountaineering Legends, London: Abacus Ortner, S. (1999). Life and Death on Mount Everest: Sherpas and Himalayan

Mountaineering, New Jersey: Princeton University. Johnson, B. and Edwards, T. (1994). The Commodification of Mountaineering.

Annals of Tourism Research, 21:459-478. Breivik, G. (1996). Personality, Sensation Seeking and Risk Taking among Everest

Climbers. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 27:308-320. Elmes, M. and Barry, D. (1999). Deliverance, Denial, Death Zone: A Study of

Narcissism and Regression in 1996 Everest Climbing Disaster. Journal of AppliedBehavioral Science, 35(2):163-187.

Miles, J and Preist, S.(eds.) (1990). Adventure Education, State College PA: VenturePublishing.

Berry, M. and Hodgson, C.(eds.) (2011). Adventure Education: An Introduction,London: Routledge.

Faulkner, B. (2001). Towards a framework for tourism disaster management. TourismManagement, 22:135-147.

Barton, L. (1994). Crisis Management: Preparing for Managing Disasters. TheCornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 35(2): 59-65.

Faulkner, B. & Vikulov, S. (2001). Katherine, Washed out one day, back on track thenext: a post-mortem of a tourism disaster. Tourism Management, 22: 331-344.

Ritchie, B.W. (2004). Chaos, Crises and disasters: a strategic approach to crisismanagement in the tourism industry. Tourism Management, 25: 659-683.

EvaluationScheme

In-semester 40%End – semester 60%___________________________________________________________________________Total 100%


Business Communication

Course Title Business Communication

Course CodeNumberCredit Hours 3CourseDescription/Objective

This course is designed to enhance the basic communication skills of Mountaineeringstudents. It is skill-based course supported by comprehensive language activities. The coursetakes new and practical approach in using the language in personal and professional life, andorients the students into in-depth skills needed for professional growth. In order to functionprofessionally in English, students besides having an understanding of language systemshould also develop an awareness of how to implement it effectively in the real life situation.To meet this requirement, this course places emphasis on realistic and integratedcommunication tasks which give students the opportunity to build confidence and make careerin tourism and mountaineering sector.


ArrivalsA Place to StayTourist Information Service


Holiday RepEating OutRural Tourism


Attraction and eventsOn TourHotel Entertainment


Specialized TourismBusiness TravelChecking Out


Business Writing: Planning and OrganizingEffective Writing Style


Effective Design and Visual AidsEffective Business Documents

Total ContactHours:

48


Basic Text Books Walker, Robin and Keith Harding. Oxford English for Careers: Tourism.Oxford:Oxford University Press, 2010.

Hartley, Peter and Clive G. Bruckmann. Business Communication. New York:Routledge, 2002. (Selections)

Other References Dubicka, Iwonna and Margaret O'Keeffe. English for International Tourism: Pre-Intermediate. Harlow: Pearson, 2003.

Jones, Leo. Welcome! Student’s Book: English for the Travel and Tourism Industry.Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.

Guffey, Mary Ellen and Dana Loewy. Business Communication: Process & Product.7th ed. Mason: South-Western, 2011.

Lesikar, Raymond V, et. al. Business Communication : Making Connections in aDigital World. 11th ed. New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill, 2012.

EvaluationScheme

In-semester 40%End – semester 60%___________________________________________________________________________Total 100%


Geography of Nepal Himalaya

Course Title Geography of Nepal HimalayaCourse Code NumberCredit Hours 3Course Objective The course is designed to impart brief general accounts of the Geography of

Nepal and detailed and in depth studies of the Geography of the NepalHimalayas with the involvement of field studies of the Himalayan regions, soas to enable the students comprehend, analyze and utilize the knowledgeginned in their field activities in the Himalayan region in relation to travel,eco and cultural tourism and mountaineering expedition

Lecturing Unit 1Hours 8

Location of Nepal:Evolution of Nepal to its present position including its longitude and latitude,its area, boundaries and surrounding countries with special reference tobordering states and districts of India and Tibet Autonomous Region of Chinaand its prefectures. The name of the number of districts covered by theHimalayan regions bordering China and India and areas of the individualdistrict and the region as a whole.

Physical Features of Nepal:Landforms of the Nepal in general and detailed description of the Landformsof the Himalayas in particular. Description of the formation of the landformsand its impact on human habitation and growth of plant and animal life. Andalso to provide detail information on the major mountain ranges of the mainHimalayas and the trans-Himalayan ranges and their names including heightof the major peaks and their name including description of the InnerHimalayan Valleys lying between the Great Himalayas and the trans-Himalayan ranges such as Langtang, Manang, Mustang, Dolpo, etc.


Climate:Temperature and precipitation, Climate change, natural hazard and other,seasonal Climatic phenomena of periods of avalanches in the Himalayas,period of heavy rainfall in the summer and heavy snowfall in the winter,periods of hurricanes and thunderstorms, cloud outbursts, GLOF (glacial lakeoutburst outflow).

River Systems::Drainage pattern, types of the rivers according to the sources, riversoriginating within the Himalayas and transcendent rivers originating beyondthe Himalayas. Glaciers, lakes, surface run off (snow fed and non-snow fedriver and Land Slides. Location of accessible glaciers, lakes, waterfalls alongthe mountain trekking routes as well as water rafting locations and theirextent of destination from starting to end points. Utilization and harnessing ofthe rivers for drinking water, irrigation, power generation, fisheries andtransportation.


Natural Vegetation Including flora and fauna:Types of vegetation according to the geographical feature sand distribution ofplants, trees, medicinal plants, herbs and wild life including domesticatedanimals... Protected areas, conservation areas and common property


resources. Harvesting or collecting periods of the flora and fauna in theHimalayas. The emerging crisis of conflict in the Himalayan region betweenhuman and environment natural resources conservation like forest, plants andanimal.Natural resources of the Himalayas:Precious and semiprecious minerals, energy sources like solar, wind, waterand subterranean energy sources like fossil fuel and neutral gas, geo-thermal(geysers, hot water springs).. Problems associated with theexploitation and use of the resources


Human Resources:Brief description on Population of Nepal and its distribution and density,social, cultural, ethnic and economic characteristic. Detailed description onthe distribution of different ethnic and indigenous groups of the Himalayasand their culture, religion their interaction with nature, their seasonalmigration and transhumance activities.The major modes of economic activities:Agriculture, animal husbandry, the importance of agro pastoralist and relatedtranshumance activities, trade and local small and cottage industries likehotel and restaurant business, involvement of Sherpas in mountain trekkingand expeditions.. Out migration of the Sherpas for mountaineeringexpeditions in different parts of the world and their migration to KathmanduValley along with their families. Similarly the migration of people fromManang and Mustang to Kathmandu and Pokhara resulted in adverse impacton agriculture, trade and economy and culture of the Himalayan region.Perceptions Local people and the outsiders on impacts of the Tourism,Trekking and Mountaineering expeditions:The issues of degradation of environment of the Himalayan region along thetrekking and expedition routes and the problem of littering of the garbage andsolid wastages along the trekking and expedition routes as well as in themountain expedition base camps and along routes to the mountain peaks.


Transport network of the Himalayan region:The transport network of foot trails, mule tracks, roads, airport and theirdistribution in the Himalayas. The importance of the role of animals likesheep, goats, mule, horse and yak as beast of burden as well as provider ofmilk, meat and wool as well as their use according to seasons and altitude,The transportation network of Nepal with China and India by air and by land.The location of entry and exist points of Nepal with China and India and theirrole as passage for movements human and goods. The location of entry andexit points along the Nepal China and Nepal India borders for the touristsfrom the third countries other than India.


Maps of Nepal and the Himalayan region of Nepal:To provide a brief orientation on maps of Nepal both hard copies and digitalcopies, techniques of map reading and interpretation of different types ofmaps produced by different agencies and individuals, their advantages anddisadvantages To provide theoretical and practical knowledge on the use ofGIS and GPS and interpretation of satellite images.

To impart the skills and techniques of satellite mobile to enable in sendingimmediate messages about location of places for rescue operation in theHimalayan region and also in impotent places in Kathmandu, Pokhara,Dhankuta, etc. present position with altitude, longitude and latitude.


Total Contact Hours: 48Basic Text Books Ahmad, Enayat (1992). Geography of the Himalaya, , Kalyani

Publication, Delhi, Barry, Roger. G.2008. Mountain Weather and Climate.

Cambridge University Press. Gurung, H. (1980), Vignettes of Nepal, Sajha Prakashan,

Kathmandu,. Gurung , H. (2004) Peaks and Pinnacles: Mountaineering in

Nepal, , Nepal Mountaineering Association, Kathmandu, 2004. Gurung, H. (2001) Highland Agriculture as Peasant Perseverance. In

Ya, T. and Tuladhar, P.M. (Eds.) Mountan Agriculture in the HinduKush-Himalayan Region, Proceedings of an InternationalSymposium, Kathmandu: ICIMOD, pp.17-22.

Hagen, Toni (2008), The Kingdom in the Himalayas, Revised andupdated by Deepak Thapa

Ives, J.D. (2006) Himalayan Perceptions: Environmental change andthe well being of mountain people, Kathmandu: HimAAS.

Nepal, Sanjay K. 2002.. Mountain ecotourism and sustainabledevelopment: Ecology, economics, and ethics. Mountain Researchand Development, 22(2): 104-109.

Nepal, S.K. 2003. Tourism and the environment - Perspectives fromthe Nepalese Himalaya. Innsbruck and Kathmandu: Studien Verlagand Himal Books, 205 pp

PandeyRam Kumar (1987).Altitude Geography:Effects of Altitudeon the Geography of Nepal,

. Shrestha, Binod Prasad (2007),,A Concise Geography of Nepal,Mandala Publication, Kathmandu

Reference Books Gill JG, Thapa Ganesh Bahadur & Tamang D, “Indigenous Management of of Resources in Nepal”, HMG Ministry of Agriculture. Gurung,Harka The Himalaya: perspective on change. Gurung,Harka (1999)Faces of Nepal, Himal Books, Kathmandu. Gurung,Harka (1983)Maps of Nepal: inventory and evaluation,

White Orchids Books, Bangkok.. Gurung,Harka (2004)Mountain Reflections: Pattern and

Development, Mandala Publication, Kathmandu. Lama Tashi & Sherpa Ang Rita (1996),”Grazing and Pasture

Conditions of Barun and Saldima Valleys”, Makalu BarunConservation Project and the Mountain Institute.

Lawoti Mahendra and Guneratne, Arjun eds. (2010),. :Ethnicity Inequality and Politics in Nepal

Ram K. Pandey (1995) Development Disorders in theHimalayan Heights.


Ram K. Pandey (200) Mountain Dimensio9ns:An AltitudeGeographic Analysis of Environment and Development

of the HimalayasJeffrey (2011)Nepal Himalayas -- In the Moment: An Anthology.

Shilpa Khadka(2001) The Mobile Herdsmen of the ArunValley: A Study of Transhumance in Mangsima andTashigaon/Robesa of Sankhuwasaabha District, Master’sDegree Thesis in Geography, Tribhuvan University,

Kathmandu. Stephen Lawrence Mikesell,( 1999) Class, State, and Struggle in

1989-1995, Manohar Publishers & Distributors, Delhi.

Evaluation Scheme In-Semester 40%End-Semester 60%Total 100%


Tourism in NepalCourse Title Tourism in Nepal

Course CodeNumberCredit Hours 3Course Objective 1. After the study of this course students should be able to understand

evolution of tourism in Nepal, Tourism trends, Tourism operation,Institutional arrangement by Government of Nepal and other Tourismdevelopment programmes in Nepal.

A. Understand evolution (history) of tourism development in NepalB. Institutional arrangement by Government of NepalC. Tourism activity implementation arrangements of private sector

of Nepal2. Tourism and private sector in Nepal has arranged tourism in Nepal3. Tourism and development projects in Nepal4. Tourism institution related with Tourism in Nepal


Evolution of Tourism in Nepal.

1. History of tourism in Nepal(Ancient, Medieval and Modern), Milestonesin Tourism after1950

2. History of Tourism activities development: Expedition, hotel, Tour,trekking, rafting and other adventure activities

3. Tourism in National parks, conservation area and restricted areas of Nepal4. Issues on development in rural, village and homestay tourism


Tourism trends and issues of Nepal

1. Tourism relation to Global, Regional and National ( Arrival and receipts,market trends and issues)

2. Tourism and Employment3. Tourism and economics, its impacts(socio-cultural, environmental and

economic)4. Issues on Tourism Development.5. Tourism reflection in National planning.


Tourism Operations in Nepal

1. Tourism attractions(Nature, Culture, Adventure and Niche)anddestinations in Nepal,

2. Tourism activities (Aerial, Terrestrial and Aquatic) in Nepal: Privatesector operational arrangements of Trekking, Tour, Travel, rafting,


expedition Agencies3. Tourism trend and Issues of Tourism activities in Nepal (mountaineering,

tour, trekking, rafting, religious, canyoning, wildlife).Learning Unit-4Net contactHours: 8

Institutional arrangement by Government of Nepal

1. Tourism Council2. Ministry of Culture Tourism and Civil Aviation:, Tourism Vision 2020,

Tourism Policies, Roles and responsibilities3. Departments within Ministry roles and responsibilities4. Tourism Industry Division: Sectoral arrangements (Hotel, Travel and

Tour, Trekking and Mountaineering division)roles and responsibilities

5. Tourism Area development committees: Khaptad, Karnali, Ruru Resunga,Birat, Salhesh, Baideh Mithila, Simraungarh, Lumbini, Chisapani

6. Nepal Tourism Board, NMA, NTNC, Tara Gaun, Mountain Academy:Their objectives, functions, roles and responsibilities.


Tourism and private sector institutions and their roles

1. Sectorial institutions, TAAN, NAATA, NATO, HAN, NARA, NMA,NNMGA etc.

2. Tourism education in Nepal,( Universities, vocational education, +2,Bachelors and Masters education and their institutional arrangements)

3. Hospitality services nature and trend in Nepal.4. Tourism and Civil Aviation, roles played by government and private

sector in tourism development.


Tourism and development projects and institutions

1. INGOs and NGOs working in Tourism in Nepal2. Different Tourism projects of Nepal, (Bhaktapur development Project.

Germany, Patan- Austrian, Panauti -France, Phewa, eco himal, TRPAP,ILO, GHT, wetland , PAMS project)

3. Projects of Government ( SASEC, TIDP Infrastructure)4. Tourism and Media:

Introduction to Media and its relation with Tourism, Media effects onTourist Decision Making , Going to the Media, Media Events, SatelliteMedia Tours and Video News Release, Issues Management and CrisisCommunication, Target Publications and Geographic Penetration, MediaRelations, News Release Mechanics, News Release and Press KitsPublicity Photos, Database Maintenance, Broadcast Copy, Press Trips, ,Media Interviews, Television Interviews, Radio Interviews, Telephone


Interviews, Print Interviews, Online Interviews, Internal Communications,Stakeholder Communications.

Total ContactHours:

48

Basic Tex Boos Ygnya S.R, Tourism Monograph, New Delhi: Adroit Publisher

Agrawal,R.P, Upadhyaya R.P. (2006)Tourism and Economic development in

Nepal. New Delhi: Northern Book Center

Kunwar, R.R.(2010). Tourists and Tourism Science and Industry Interface.

Kathmandu: International School of Tourism and Hotel Management

Nepal Tourism Statistics: Government of Nepal, Ministry of Culture Tourism

and Civil Aviation

The Great Himalaya Trail: (2011) Marketing Strategy 2011-2016

Pradhan, K.M. (2008) Macro and Micro Perspectives of Tourism in Nepal.

www.wttc.org (various publications)

www.tourism.gov.org (various publications)

www.nma.com.np

www.hotelassociation.org.np

www.raftingassociation.org.np

www.natta.org.np

www.taan.org.np

Other References Other projects references are to be finalized.

Upadhayaya, R.() Rural Tourism

EvaluationScheme

In-semester 40 %End-semester 60%Total 100%


Management AccountingCourse Title Management Accounting

Course CodeNumberCredit Hours 3Course Objective This course aims to provide an understanding of cost and cost behavior and an ability

to use cost information for planning and control decision.


Introduction and cost concept and classification

Concept, scope and objectives of managerial accounting, changing role of

management process in a dynamic business environment; managerial versus financial

accounting, managerial accountant in an organization, Cost concepts, manufacturing

costs flows, Cost behavior patterns, variable cost and fixed costs, direct, controllable

and uncontrollable costs, opportunity costs sunk costs, differential costs marginal and

average costs; cost estimation; high low point method and least square method


Income Recognition, Measurement and Reporting

Understand the concept of variable and absorption costing, Product cost and period

cost, make the valuation of inventorial cost under both system, Measure the income

and prepare absorption and variable costing, reconciliation under absorption and

variable costing


Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis

Assumptions behind breakeven analysis, breakeven formula derivation and

significance, profit volume graph and its usefulness, contribution margin and its

interpretations, goal setting and breakeven analysis, multiple products and breakeven

rules, cost structure and operating leverage, introduction to activity-based costing.


Planning and Control Systems

Understand the concept of budget, describe objectives, advantages and limitation of

budget, meaning of master budget, enumerate the various stages of budget, prepare

different stage of budge, Flexible budgeting, concept of responsibility accounting; the

concept of standard costing, Standard costing process, Setting of standards, actual

performance measurement, variance analysis, Application of standard costing, control

of single material and multi material, control of single labor and multi labor with no

idle time and with idle time



Alternative Decision Making

Differentiate between relevant and irreverent cost, use opportunity cost to analyze the

income effects given alternative, understand the meaning of differential cost, Make or

buy, drop or continue, accept or reject a special offer

Learningunits:6Net contactHours:8

Capital Expenditure Decision

Meaning of capital budgeting, State and need of capital budgeting, Classify the type of

proposal, describe the capital investment appraisal methods, estimate the cash flows

streams and its ingredients, evaluate , capital budgeting proposal and make decision

Total ContactHours:

48

Basic TextBooks

1.Garrison, Ray H., Noreen, Eric W., Brewer, Peter C., Managerial Accounting,TATA McGRAW-HILL, New Delhi Thirteenth Edition

2. Bajracharya, Ojha, Goet, Sharma: Management Accounting in Nepal, AsmitaPublishers, Kathmandu, 2005.

OtherReferences

1. Horngreen, Charles T., Gary L. Sundem, and William O. Stratton: Introduction to

Management Accountancy, Prentice-Hall of India.

2. Lynch, RM and Williamson, Accounting for Management, Tata McGraw Hill, India

3. Drury, Colin, Management and Cost Accounting, ELBS, London.

4. Hilton, Ronald W: Managerial Accounting. Tata McGraw-Hill

5. Welsch, Glenn A., Roland W. Hilton and Paul N. Gordon: Profit Planning and

Control. Fifth Edition, New Delhi: Prentice Hall of India

6. Kaplan,Robert S and Anthony A. Atkinson, Advance Management Accounting,

Third Edition, New Jersey: Prentice Hall

EvaluationScheme

In-semester 40 %

End-semester 60%

Total 100%


Cross- Cultural Behavior in Tourism

Course Title Cross- Cultural Behavior in Tourism

Course CodeNumberCredit Hours 3Course Objective The course is designed to provide the students with the basic concepts of contact hypothesis,

crucial encounter, cultural conditioning, , intercultural exchange, level of cross culturalawareness, understanding and respect to the others culture. After completing this course thestudents will be able to learn the different cultures of the world find the differences amongthem and effectively use knowledge in multicultural environment


Introduction to Culture

Concept of Culture, Elements of Culture, Characteristics of Culture, Acculturation, Langages,Culture and Civilization, Ethnocentrism, Prejudice, Racism, Cultural Distance, Sub-culture,Gender, Norms and Values, Attitude, Economic Status, Cultural Taboo, OrganizationalCulture, Tourism Culture


World Culture

Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, India, Latin America, Middle East, North America


World Religions

Hinduism, Buddhism, Islam, Christianity, Confucianism, Taoism, Shintoism


Introduction to Intercultural Communication

Concept of Communication, Intercultural Communication, Miscommunication

Cultural Diversity, Multiculturalism, Interculturalism, Mixophilia, Mixophobia, Philoxenia,Xenophilia, Xenophobia

Non verbal Communication

Interaction Style

Strategies for Intercultural Communication


Human Behavior and Tourist Buying Behavior

The Concept of Human Behavior

Intercultural Adaptation

The Nature of Tourist Behavior


Tourist Behavior in a Cross Cultural Context

Lifestyle Segments

G.Hofstede's Cultural Theory – Five Dimensions of Culture


Tourism Motivation and Decision Making Process

Goal theory

Need theory

Optimal Arousal theory

Two- factor theory

Expectancy theory

Equity Theory.

Total ContactHours:

48

Basic Text Boos Beatty,J. and Takahashi, J.(2003) Intercultural Communication, New Delhi: Biztantra.

Penbek, S., Yaudakul, D. and Cerit, A.G.(2009) Intercultural Communication Competence: Astudy about the Intercultural Sensitivity of University Students based on their Education andInternational Experiences, European and Mediterranean Conference System(EMCIS).

Wood,J.T.(2003) Communication in our Lives, Australia: Thompson and Wadsworth.

Sing,J.K.(2002) Media Culture and Communication, Jaipur: Mangal Deep Publications.

FitzGerald,H.(1998) Cross-Cultural Communication for the Tourism and Hospitality Industry.Melbourne: Hospitality Press.

Reisinger, Y.2009, International Tourism: Cultures and Behavior Butterworth/Heinemann.

Sarbaugh,L.(1988) Intercultural Communication, New Jersey: Transaction Books.

Scollan, R. and Scollan, S.(1995) Intercultural Communication A Discourse ApproachCambridge/ Blackwell MA.

Hofstede,G.(1991) Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind, New York: McGraw-Hill International

Other References Ting-Tommey, S.(1985) Toward a Theory of Conflict and Culture.In Gudukunst, W., StewardL. and Ting- Tommey, S.( eds.) Communication, Culture and Organization Processes(pp.299-321), SAGE, Baverly Hills, CA.

Lusting, M. and Koester, J. (1993) Intercultural Competence: Interpersonal CommunicationAcross Cultures, New York: Harper College Publishers.


Brisilin, R., Cushner, K., Craig, C. and Young, M.(1986) Intercultural Interactions : APractical Guide, SAGE Publications, US.

Reisinger, Y. and Turner, L.(2003) Cross-Cultural behavior in Tourism: Concepts andAnalysis, Butterworth – Heinemann.

Brochner,S.(1982) Culture in Contact: Studies in Cross-Cultural Interaction, Pergamon.

Resinger, Y. (2006) Social Contact between Tourists and Hosts of Different CulturalBackgrounds. In France,L.(ed.) Sustainable Tourism (pp. 129-134) Earthscan.

Pearce, P.L.(2006) The Tourist Behavior, New Delhi: Viva Books.

Newstrom, J. W. and Davis, keith (2002) Organizational Behavior: Human Behavior at WorkNew Delhi: Tata Mc Graw- Hill Publishing Company.

Toshi, H.L., Rizzo, J.R. and Carrol, S.J.(2000) Handbook of Organizational Behavior,B;ackwell

EvaluationScheme

In-semester 40 %

End-semester 60%

Total 100%


Himalayan Climate and Climate ChangeCourse Title Himalayan Climate and Climate Change

Course CodeNumberCredit Hours 3

Course Objective

The course is designed to provide the students with the basic knowledge on differentatmospheric processes and associated climate over the Himalayas. This will also helps tounderstand the basic hydrology and glaciology of Himalayan Region. At the end of thesemester the students will be able to assess the concept of climate change impacts on varioussectors.


Introduction and basic weather elements Origin, composition and structure of the atmosphere Definition, scope and sub-division of climate Weather elements and climatic controls Effects of climate on human civilization and local knowledge Introduction, distribution and atmospheric depletion of solar insulation Heat budget and latitudinal heat balance Heating and cooling of the atmosphere and temperature controls Horizontal and vertical distribution of temperature and lapse rate Temperature inversion and anomalous temperature Daily cycles and seasonal and annual distributions of temperature over Nepal


Pressure, Wind and Moist Processes Definition and basic atmospheric pressure pattern Pressure gradient and its relationship with weather Diurnal and seasonal pressure variations Winds and factors affecting wind motion Earth’s surface wind systems Tricellular model of meridional circulation Mountain and valley breezes Classification of fog according to processes, visibility and appearance Fog dissipation processes Classification of clouds and distribution of cloudiness


Precipitation, Thunderstorm, Monsoons and Climate Processes, forms and types of precipitation Precipitation distribution and factors controlling it Topographic influence on Precipitation distribution Origin, structure and classification of thunderstorm Stages and factors favoring thunderstorm development Thunderstorm electricity and hail in a thunderstorm Origin and economic importance of summer monsoon


On-set, withdrawal and break of summer monsoon Westerly Disturbances Highland and Local microclimate Koppen’s climate classification


Hydrologic Processes and Glaciology River system of Nepal Hydrological cycle (evaporation, condensation, precipitation, interception by the

vegetation, infiltration, subsurface flow, surface runoff, recharge ground water) Definition and types of glacier and Nepalese glaciers Zones and equilibrium line in a glacier and their importance Heat budget on snow, glacier ice and debris Snow accumulation, ablation zone and Glacier lake outburst flood (GOLF) Snow albedow and snow avalanche Water conservation and wet land Upstream downstream issues of water use


Climate Change and Impacts Definition and scope of climate change and factors affecting global climate Effects of global warming and climate change Climate change feedback and, the Green house effect Radiative balance and human Influence on the Climate System Anthropogenic perturbation of the atmospheric composition The enhanced greenhouse effect and the effect of aerosols (Black Carbon) Climate models Climate change impacts Climate resilience, adaptation technique and mitigation of climate change Paleocdlimatology Extreme weather events and hydro-meteorological disasters


Hydro-meteorological Data and Forecasting Hydro-meteorological measurements Hydro-meteorological data processing Flood frequency and return period Concept and types of weather forecasting Weather forecasting methods Satellite in weather forecasting Weather forecasting for mountaineering expedition.

Total ContactHours:

48


Basic Text Boos

Lal, D. S. (2000) Climatology, Sharada Pustak Bhawan, Allahabad, India. Paterson, W. S. B. (1994) The Physics of Glaciers, 3rd. ed., Redwood Books,

Trowbridge Reddi, J. R. (1992) A textbook of Hyrology, Laxmi Publication Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi.

Other References

Devkota L. P., Khan A. Q. & Baidya S. K., 2008: Climate variability of Nepal,Publication of the SAARC Meteorological Research Centre (SMRC), Dhaka,Bangladesh.

Dhar, O. N., 1960: Diurnal variation of rainfall at Barakshetra and Kathmanduduring monsoon. International Journal of Meteorology and Geophysics No. 11 pp.153-156.

DHM (1997) Thulagi Glacier Lake Study, final report. Department of Hydrology andMeteorology, HMG/N in cooperation with Federal Institute for Geo-sciences andNatural Resources (BGR), Hannover, Germany

Fujita, K., A. Sakai and T. B. Chhetri. 1997. Meteorological observation in LangtangValley, Nepal Himalayas, 1996. Bull. Glacier Res., 15: 71-78.

Fujita, K., N. Takeuchi and K. Seko. 1998. Glaciological observations of YalaGlacier in Langtang Valley, Nepal Himalaya, 1994 and 1996. Bull. Glacier Res., 16,75-81.

Galliani, G., F. & Filippini,; 1985: Climatic clusters in a small area, J. Climatol., 5487-501.

Garg, S. K. (1996) Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering, Khanna Publishers,New Delhi

ICIMOD, 2001: Inventory of Glaciers, Glacial Lakes and Glacial Lake OutburstFloods, Nepal69

IPCC, 1996b: Climate Change 1995- Impacts, adaptations and mitigation of climatechange: scientific-technical analyses. Contribution of Working Group II to theSecond Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change[Watson, R.T., M.C. Zinyowera, R.H. Moss and D.J. Dokken (eds.)], CambridgeUniversity Press, 880 pp.

IPCC, 2007d: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Summary forPolicy Makers. Working Group I Contribution to the Intergovernmental Panel forClimate Change Fourth Assessment Report. Cambridge University Press

Kadota, T., Seko, K., Aoki, T., Iwata, S., Yamaguchi, S., (2000) Shrinkage of theKhumbu Glacier, east Nepal from 1978 to 1995, Nakawo, Raymond, Fountain (Ed)Debris-Covered Glaciers, IAHS Publication no. 262, pp. 235-243

Lockwood, J. G. (1982) World Climatology an Environmental Approach, TheEnglish Language Book Society and Edward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd.

Mani, A.; 1981: The Climate of the Himalaya, in J. Lall and S. Moddie (eds.), TheHimalaya: Aspects of Change, Oxford Univ. Press, Delhi, 3-15

Rao, Y. P. & Desai, B. N.; 1973: The Indian summer monsoon, Meteor. Geophys.Rev., 4, 1-18.

WECS, 1987: Study of Glacier Lake Outburst Floods in the Nepal Himalayas, PhaseI, Interim Report, May, 1997, WECS Report No. 4/1/200587/1/1, Seq. No. 251.Kathmandu, Nepal: WECS


W. M. O. (2003) Climate into the 21st Century, Cambridge University Press

EvaluationScheme



Research Methodology

Course Title Research MethodologyCourse Code No.Credit Hours 3Course Objective The major objective of this course is to make students familiar with basic

research methods and to provide skills required to undertake researchstudies.

Learning Unit-1

Net contact Hours:6

Introduction

Basic concepts: research process, theory, interrelationship between theoryand research, hypothesis, variables, measurement, reliability, validity,induction, deduction, empiricism, generalization, ethical consideration.

Learning Unit-2

Net contact Hours:8

Research Design

Importance; qualitative and quantitative researches; descriptive,explorative and experimental research designs; cross-sectional andlongitudinal research designs; uses and limitations of research designs.

Learning Unit-3

Net contact Hours:10

Sampling

Selection of study site and study unit; probability and non-probabilitysampling; types of probability sampling: simple random sampling,stratified random sampling, multi-stage sampling, systematic sampling,uses and limitations; types of non-probability sampling: purposivesampling, quota sampling, convenience sampling, snow-ball sampling,uses and limitations.

Learning Unit-4

Net contact Hours:8

Methods of Data Collection

Questionnaire design, interview, observation, case study, genealogy,content analysis, focus group discussion, rapid/participatory ruralappraisal (social resource mapping, timeline analysis, mobility map, pair-wise ranking, seasonal and ritual calendar, daily routine diagram, etc.);uses and limitations.

Learning Unit-5

Net contact Hours:10

Data Analysis and Presentation

Qualitative data: classification of qualitative notes, summarization ofqualitative data; processing and presentation of quantitative data: editing,coding, data transformation, classification and tabulation; presentation ofdata in various forms of diagrams; use of statistical tools: frequencydistribution, ratio, proportion and percentage, measures of central


tendency (mean, media, mode), measures of dispersion (range, quartiledeviation, average deviation) and standard deviation, chi-square test,correlation and regression analyses.

Learning Unit-6

Net contact Hours:6

Proposal and Report Writing

Essential elements of proposal writing: identification of research topic,statement of research problem, objectives of research, literature review(with references citation/bibliography), research question/formation ofhypothesis, variables identification, selection of research site, researchdesign, sampling, techniques of data collection, preparation of workschedule, budget plan; essential elements of report writing: process ofreport writing; report presentation and dissemination.

Total contactHours:

48

Basic Text Books Baker, T.L. (1999). Doing Social Research. New Delhi: McGraw Hill. Gupta, S.P. (1987). Statistical Methods. New Delhi: S. Chand and

Sons. Kothari, C.R. (1996). Research Methodology: Methods and

Techniques. New Delhi: Vishwa Prakashan.Other References Babbie, E. (1990). Survey Research Methods. California: Wadsworth

Publishing Company. Bhandarkar, P.L., & Wilkinson, T.S. (1992). Methodology and

Techniques of Social Research. Mumbai: Himalaya Publishing House. Denzin, N.K. (1999). Strategies of Qualitative Inquiry. USA: Sage

Publications. Fisher, A., Laing, J., & Stoeckel, J. (1983), Handbook for Family

Planning Operations Research Design. New York: The PopulationCouncil.

Kish, L. (1995). Survey Sampling. New York: John Wiley and Sons. Nachmais, C.F., & Nachmais, D. (1996). Research Methods in Social

Sciences. New York: St. Martin Press.Trochim, W.M. (2003).Research Methods Knowledge Base. New York: Atomic DogPunlishing.

Evaluation Scheme In-semester 40%End-semester 60%

Total 100%


Trekking and Peak Climbing Operation

Course Title Trekking and Peak Climbing Operation

Course CodeNumberCredit Hours 3Course Objective The course is designed to provide the students with the basic concepts and functional

knowledge on managing trekking and climbing trekking peaks of Himalayan Region. Thiswill also helps to understand links between soft adventure and hard adventure tour to theHimalayas. At the end of the semester the students will be able to assess the concept ofadventure tourism, its operational aspects and application.


Evolution of Trekking TourismDefinition of Adventure Tourism and Its Classification, History of Mountain Tourism inNepal, Typology of Trekking and Trekkers, Visual Making Trip to Himalayan Region,Trekking Destinations of Nepal, Brochure, Tariff, Itinerary, Group Briefing and EverydayBriefing about Trekking and Peak Climbing, Acclimatization, Knowledge about TrekkingSeason and Trekking Trails, Weather Condition, Temperature, Landscape, Environment ofHuman and Non Human Settlement, Water Facility, Trail Conditions, Distance, Concept ofWilderness ,Wilderness Route Finding, Approaches, Observations, Negotiating withDifficult Terrain (high passes), ‘Adrenaline- rush’, ‘Nervetingling excitement’, Safety,Emergency and Rescue, Local Interaction, ‘Smelling the barn’


Logistic ManagementDefining and Describing Logistic Management, Trekking Plan, Transport System (GroundTransport, Porterage System and Packs Animal), Logistics, Food Preparation, TrekkingEquipment, Technical Peak Climbing Equipment, Personal Equipment and GroupEquipment, Camping Equipment, Equipment Checklist, Kitchen Utensils, Costing ofTrekking Peak Climbing, Trekking Trip Expenses, Financial Control, Staff Salary, Bill,Voucher, Record Keeping, Communities' Perception on Trekking Tourism, EconomicBenefit from Trekking Tourism, Camping and Space Environment


Operational ManagementDefining and Describing Operational Management, Staff Management, CampManagement, Flight Management, Lodge Management, Visitors Management, WasteManagement, Trekking Ethics (Do’s and Don'ts), Himalayan Code of Conduct, Duties andResponsibilities of Trekking Crew (The role of the guide, assistant guide, cook, kitchen boyand porters), Status of Trekking Guide, Guiding Techniques and Interpretation,Communication Skills


Controlled and Popular Trekking Destinations of NepalDefinition of Destination, Destination Development Lifecycle Theory of R.W. Butler, ABrief Introduction to Popular Trekking Destinations of Nepal(Annapurna Region, Everestregion, Langtang Gosaikunda Region, Khumbu Region, Rolwaling Region, Jumla-Rara;Controlled Trekking Destinations ( Upper Dolpo, Manaslu Region, Upper Mustang,Kangchenjunga), Great Himalayan Trail- A New Innovation Approach, Trekking OutsideNepal (Tour to Tibet, Kailash Mansoravar, Bhutan and Laddhak), Duration of Trek.

Learning Unit-5 Trekking Agencies and Organizations


Net contactHours: 8

A Brief Introduction to Small and Medium Enterprise (SMEs), An Introduction to TourCompanies (Wholesalers, Retailers, Intermediaries and Specialty), Structure of TrekkingCompany, Promotion and Marketing of Trekking, Role of Trekking Agents Association (TAAN), Nepal Mountaineering Association (NMA),Himalayan Rescue Association (HRA),Government Rules of Trekking and Peak Climbing, Immigration Rules and Regulations,Trekking Information Management System (TIMS), National Park Fee, Staff Gradation,Staff Control, Punishment and Reward.


Description of Popular Trekking Peaks of NepalA General Concept of Rock Climbing, A Detail Study of Popular Trekking Peaks: Imja-Tse/Island Peak, Mera Peak, Lobuje Peak, Mt. Yala Peak, Chula East, Chulu West, PisangPeak, Naya Kanga, Pharchamo, Ganjala Chuli.

Total ContactHours:

48

Basic Text Books Ardito, S. (1995) Trekking in the Himalayas: A Guide to the Finest Routes, NewDelhi: Lustre Press.Bezruchka, S. (2001) Trekking in Nepal A Traveler’s Guide, Kathmandu:Mandala Book Point.

Boustead, R. (2009) The Great Himalayan Trail: A Pictorial Guide, HMH.

Buckley, R. (2006) Adventure Tourism, CABI.

Buhalis, D. and Peters, M. (2006) SMEs Tourism. In Buhalis, D. and Costa, C. (Eds.)Tourism Management and Dynamics: Trends, Management and Tools, Elsevier.

Choegyal, L. (2011) The Great Himalayan Trail: A New Nepal Tourism Product withboth Trek Marketing and Development Rational. Nepal Tourism and DevelopmentReview, 1(1), Kathmandu University and Nepal Tourism Board.

East, P., Hoivik, S., Petrik, M., Shneiderman, S. & Turin, M. (2003) The Gauri ShankarTrekking Area (including Rolwaling), Kathmandu: Mandala Book Point

Gurung,H.(2004) Peaks and Pinnacles: Mountaineering in Nepal, Kathmandu: NepalMountaineering Association.

Jensen, M.T. (2011) The Bystander Effect of Trekking Tourism Proposing a Typologyof Environmental Types. Nepal Tourism and Development Review. 1(1) K.U. and NepalTourism Board.

Kunwar, R.R. (2011) Tourism, Tourist Guide and Interpretation. Journal of Tourismand Hospitality Education, 1:1-26.

Mccue, G.(1999) Trekking in Tibet: A Traveler's Guide, Seattle: The Mountaineers.

O’ Connor, B. (1996) The Trekking Peaks of Nepal, The Crowwood Press.

Sherpa, A.F.and Kunwar, R.R. (2002) Nepalese Climbers on Mt. Everest, Kathmandu:


Pema Chhamji Sherpa.

Sherpa, A. R. & Hoivik (2003) Triumph on Everest: A Tribute from the Sherpas ofNepal, Kathmandu: Mandala Book Point.

Swarbrooke, J., Beard, C., Leckie, S. and Pomfret, G. (2003) Adventure Tourism Thenew frontier, Butterworth/ Heinemann.

Swarbrooke, J. (1999) Sustainable Tourism, CABI.

Other References Buckley, R. (2010) Adventure Tourism Management, Elsevier.

Cater, E. and Lowman, G. (eds.) (1994) Ecotourism: A Sustainable Option? Chichester:Wiley.

Chuck, Y. G., James, C.M. and Choy, D.J.L. (1997) Travel Industry, John Wiley andSons.

Fennell, D.A. (1999) Ecotourism: An Introduction, London: Routledge.

Gurung, M. (2004) Women and Development in the Third World, A Case Study fromGhandruk, Nepal, WWF, Nepal.

Hagen, T. (1998) Nepal: The Kingdom of the Himalaya, Lalitpur: Himal Books.

Holden, A. (2000) Environment and Tourism, London: Routledge.

Hunter, C.and green, H. (1995) Tourism and Environment: A Sustainable Relationship?London: Routledge.

Ives, J.D. (2006) Himalayan Perceptions: Environmental Change and the Well- being ofMountain Peoples, Kathmandu: Himalayan Association for the Advancement ofScience (HimAAS).

Javo, A. and Page, S. J. (Eds.) (2009) Tourism and Entrepreneurship: InternationalPerspectives, Elsevier.

Kunwar, R.R. (2012) Tourists and Tourism: Science and Industry Interface,Kathmandu: Ganga Sen Kunwar.

Rogers, P.and Aitchison, A. (1998) Towards Sustainable Tourism with Everest Regionof Nepal, Kathmandu: IUCN.

EvaluationScheme


Total 100%


Tourism and Hospitality Marketing

Course Title Tourism and Hospitality Marketing


knowledge on Tourism Marketing. Upon completion of the course the students will be able to: Understand the key concepts in Tourism and Hospitality Marketing Management and

Marketing system. Understand the special features of Tourism and Hospitality service marketing. Analyze and plan the Tourism and hospitality marketing program.


Introduction to Tourism and Hospitality Marketing Central concepts in Marketing, Evolution of the marketing concepts, Marketing

System. The Functions of Marketing, the marketing mix, the marketing environment, the

marketing management cycle, marketing within the organization. Introduction to Tourism and Hospitality Services Marketing, Concept of Service

Marketing Management,Learning Unit-2Net contactHours: 08

Understanding and Targeting Tourism and Hospitality Consumers Characteristic of Service and Service Marketing, service quality, customer

satisfaction, service trends affecting the hospitality and tourism industry. Introduction to Tourism and hospitality consumers’ behavior, factors that influence

consumer behavior, consumer decision-making model, consumer problem-solvingprocesses, consumer problem-solving techniques, organizational buyer behavior.

Market Segmentation and Positioning: Introduction to market segmentation,segmentation variables, market segmentation decisions, market segmentationstrategies, positioning the product-service mix.

Learning Unit-3Net contactHours:08

Product-Service Mix and Distribution Strategies in Tourism and Hospitality Developing New Products and Services: Introduction, planning for new products,

organizing for new product planning, new product development process, identifyingproducts and services.

Management service reservation, Agency affairs managementLearning Unit-4Net contactHours:08

Tourism and Hospitality Marketing Planning and Information Marketing Channels: Introduction, channel strategy, franchising. E-commerce: Introduction, management issues related to electronic commerce Developing a Marketing Plan: Introduction, the marketing planning process, sales

forecasting. Information for Marketing Decisions: Introduction, sources of marketing information,

the marketing research process, ethical issues in marketing research.Learning Unit-5Net contactHours:08

Advertising and Promotional Strategy in Tourism and Hospitality Promotion and Advertising: Introduction, managing the promotional mix, advertising

management, planning and evaluating advertising campaigns, effects of advertising.


Advertising and Media Planning: Introduction, print media, broadcast media, directmail, supports media.

Sales Promotions, Merchandising, and Public Relations: Introduction, salespromotions, merchandising, public relations.


Tourism and Hospitality Pricing Strategy and Tour & Travel Design Personal Selling: Introduction, selling to group markets, the personal selling process,

asking probing questions, personal selling tools, and Ethical Issues in Personal Selling Pricing Strategy: Introduction, factors that affect pricing decisions, broad pricing

strategies, pricing techniques and procedures, segmented pricing, revenuemanagement, pricing laws and ethics.

Using Tour & Travel Design as a Marketing Tool: Introduction, Tour planningconsiderations, producing the printed guide, issues surrounding planning, and Tour &Travel evaluation.

Total ContactHours:

48

Basic Text Books Robert D. Reid, David C. Bojanic,(2006)- Hospitality Marketing management, 4thedition . University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts James MadisonUniversity, Harrisonburg, Virginia.

Middleton, Victor T.C.,( 2009)- Marketing in Travel and Tourism, 4th Edition,Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann

Morrison, Alastair M. (1996) – Hospitality and Travel Marketing, 2nd Edition,Dalmar Publishers Inc, USA

Other References Woodruff, Helen-Service Marketing-Macmillan India Limited Kotler, P, J. Bowen and J. Makens, (2010), Marketing for Hospitality and Tourism,

5th Edition, Pearson Education (Singapore) Pvt. Ltd., India Branch Philip R Kotler, John T. Bowen and James Makens (2013)Marketing for Hospitality

and Tourism (6th Edition) Devashish Dasgupta (2012)Tourism Marketing Alastair M. Morrison 2009-Hospitality and Travel Marketing. William Lazer, Melissa Dallas and Carl Riegel (2006)Hospitality and Tourism

Marketing by James C. Makens 2005-Marketing for Hospitality and Tourism

EvaluationScheme


Total 100%


Biodiversity, Conservation and Mountain TourismCourse Title Biodiversity, Conservation and Mountain Tourism

Course CodeNumberCredit Hours 48Course Objective The course is designed to provide students with basic concepts and practical knowledge on

biodiversity conservation and natural resources management. This will also help students tounderstand links between biodiversity, its conservation and tourism that ultimately leads tominimize negative impacts of tourism on natural resources. At the end of the semester,students will be able to assess the importance of biodiversity conservation in order to developsustainable tourism in mountain regions


Biodiversity Definition Levels of biodiversity Status and distribution of biodiversity Biodiversity hotspots Uses of biodiversity (timber, firewood, food, oil yielding plants, fibre plants

medicinal and aromatic plants, bee-keeping and related plants, socio-cultural,aesthetic, ecosystem services, tourism)

Protected species of Nepal Red data book and CITES listed species (with examples from Nepal)


Conservation and Resource Management Concept and scope of conservation biology Brief history of wildlife conservation in Nepal Threats to biodiversity and causes of threats (human population growth,

overexploitation, invasive and exotics species, habitat fragmentation, habitatdegradation, deforestation, climate change, pollution)

Biodiversity extinction and causes with examples of extinct species Concepts and examples of rare, endemic, threatened and endangered species (IUCN

category) Conservation approaches- traditional, conventional and community-based approaches In-situ and ex-situ conservation with examples Large-scale conservation (landscape and eco-region) and ecotourism Sustainable management of natural resources


Protected Areas Concept of protected areas and history Types of protected areas (IUCN categories) and their objectives Protected area system of Nepal and management (National Parks, Wildlife Reserves,

Hunting Reserve, Conservation Areas, and buffer zones) Successful protected areas of Nepal Tourism in protected areas Wildlife tourism and contribution of tourism in wildlife protection



Biogeography Fundamental concept in biogeography (evolution, dispersal, endemism, range and

distribution, geographical barriers) Phytogeographic regions of Nepal Vegetation diversity (flora) and altitudinal gradient Flora of the mountain region Diversity of fauna and their habitats Charismatic fauna of the mountain regions – mammals, birds, and herpeto-fauna and

their distribution Direct and indirect sightings of mammals and birds Endemic species (flora and fauna) of Nepal


Ethnobiology (Community Involvement) Definition, history (Nepal) and Scope Ethnic people of Nepal Branches of Ethnobiology Ethics and Guidelines Approaches and Methods Application of Ethnobiology for conservation and community development Community-based conservation - buffer zone management, community forests and

ecotourism (with examples community initiatives in mountain regions)Learning Unit-6Net contactHours: 8

Biodiversity Conservation Policies and Legal Framework International level – Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and Mountain

Agenda Ramsar Convention Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora

(CITES) World Heritage Convention UN Framework of Convention on Climate Change Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) National level- i) Major policies and objectives (National Parks and Wildlife

Conservation Act of 1973, The Aquatic Animals Protection Act 1961, EnvironmentProtection Act 1997, Climate Change Policy 2011, National Wetland Policy 2012,Nepal Biodiversity Strategy 2002)

ii) Major regulations and objectives (The Wildlife Reserve Regulations 1977, TheHimalayan National Parks Regulations 1979; The Khaptad National Park Regulations1987; The Buffer Zone Management Regulations 1994; The Conservation AreaManagement Regulations 1996)

Total ContactHours:

48

Basic Text Books 1. Bhuju, U. R., P. R. Shakya, T. B. Basnet, S. Shrestha. 2007. Nepal BiodiversityResource Book: Protected Areas, Ramsar Sites, and World Heritage Sites. ICMOD,MoEST, GoN.

2. Chaudhary R.P. 1998. Biodivcersity in Nepal: Status and Conservation. Tecpress


Books, Soi Wattanasilp, Pratunam, Bankok, Thailand.3. Majupuria, T.C. 2006. Wildlife and Protected Areas of Nepal. S.Devi, Bajoria Road,

U.P

Other References 1. Bajracharya S.B, G. B. Gurung, and K. Basnet. 2007. Learning from CommunityParticipation in Conservation Area Management. Journal of forests and Livelihood 6 (2):54-66.

2. DNPWC Publications: Protected Areas of Nepal. Babarmahal, Kathmandu.3. Kothari, A., N. Pathak, R.V. Anuradha, B. Taneja. 1998. Communities and

Conservation. Sage publication. New Delhi.4. Nepal Tourism Board. 2009. Natural Treasures of Nepal.5. Richard, C., K. Basnet, J.P. Sah, Y. Raut. 1999. Grassland Ecology and Management

in Protected Areas of Nepal. Volume 3. ICIMOD, Kathmandu.6. Shrestha, K.K., P.K. Jha, P. Shengji, A. Rastogi, S. Rajbhandary and M. Joshi (eds.),

1998. Ethnobotany for conservation and community development. ESON,Kathmandu.

7. Sodhi, Navjot S. and Ehrlich, Paul R. 2010. Conservation Biology for All. OxfordScholarship Online.

8. S. Rajbhandary and S. Ranjitkar. 2006. Herbal Drugs and Pharmacognosy:Monographs on Commercially Important Medicinal Plants of Nepal. EthnobotanicalSociety of Nepal (ESON). Kathmandu.

EvaluationScheme


Total 100%


Nepalese Society and CultureCourse Title Nepalese Society and Culture


knowledge on society and culture of Nepal which can be seen as resource of tourism andheritage. This will also helps to understand links between tourism systems and culture mighthelp prevent or minimize negative impacts on a host culture occurring through the act ofreceiving tourists. At the end of the semester the students will be able to assess the importanceof culture as one of the important tourism products of Nepal.


Introduction

A Brief Introduction to Nepalese Society and Culture and Process of Nepalization


Himalayan Society and Culture

Ecology, Environment, Economy, People, language, settlement pattern, village and household,food habits, dressing pattern, family, marriage, kinship, life cycle ceremonies and life courseapproach, funeral system, Trans-Himalayan trade, agropastoralism, Transhumance system,herding and farming.


Hill Society and Culture

Ecology, Environment, Economy, People, language, settlement pattern, village and household,food habits, dressing pattern, family, marriage, kinship, caste and ethnicity, life cycleceremonies and life course approach, funeral system, economic activities, Hinduism,Buddhism, Samanism.Festivals: Bisket Jatra, Indra Jatra, Dashain and other ethno- festivals.


Terai Society and Culture

Ecology, Environment, Economy, People, language, settlement pattern, village and household,food habits, dressing pattern, family, marriage, kinship, caste and ethnicity, life cycleceremonies and life course approach, funeral system, economic activities, Hinduism,Buddhism, Islam, Samanism.Festivals: Chhath, Maghi, Hori.


Gender Issues in Nepal

Gender issues in Nepalese Society and CultureLearning Unit-6Net contact

Class Presentation-The students will prepare the notes on their own and should present thepaper in the classroom.


Hours: 8Clint Roger - Secret Manang; Michael Vinding- The Thakalis; Ramesh Raj Kunwar - Fire ofHimal:An Anthropological Study of the Sherpas of Nepal Himalayan Region; Gopal SinghNepali- The Newar; Donald Messersmdit- The Gurungs.

Total ContactHours:

48

Basic Text Boos Kunwar, R.R.(1999) Himalayan Heritage, Kathmandu: Laxmi Kunwar. Regmi, R.(1999) Dimensions of Nepali Society and Culture, Kathmandu: SAAN

Institute. Kunwar, R.R. (2012) Tourists and Tourism: Science and Industry Interface,

Kathmandu: Ganga Sen Kunwar Anderson, M.M. (1977) Festivals of Nepal, Rupa. Co. Dhar,P.N.(2010) Heritage, Cultural and Natural Sits Tourism, New Delhi: Kaniska

Publishers. Messerschmidt, D.A. () The Gurungs of Nepal, New Delhi: Oxford. Smith,V.L.(ed.) (1989) Hosts and Guests: The Anthropology of Tourism ,Philadelphia

: University of Pennsylvania Press. Bista,D.B. (1972) People of Nepal, Kathmandu: Ratna Pustak Bhandar. Richards,G. and Munsters, W.(eds.) (2010) Cultural Tourism Research

Methods,CABI. Rechards,G.(2003) What is Cultural Tourism? In van Maaren, A.(ed.) Erfgoed Voor

Toerisme . National Contact Monumenten.

Other References Sackley, M. (1998) Visitor Management Case Studies from World Heritage Sites.

Shofield, T.H.B. (2000) Rethinking and Reconceptualising Social and ConceptualIssues in South East and South Asian Tourism. In Hall, C.M. and Page, S. (Eds.Tourism in South and South East Asia) (pp. 30-44) Butterworth/Heinemann.

Ryan, C.(1991) Recreational Tourism A Social Science Perspective, London:Routledge.

Besculides, A., Lee, M.E. and MCCormic, P.J. (2002) Residents’ Perception of theCultural Benefits of Tourism. Annals of Tourism Research 9(2) 303-330

Wood, R.E., 1993, Tourism Culture and the Sociology of Development In Hitchock,M., King,V.T. and Pasnwoll, M.J.G. (Eds. ) Tourism in South East Asia, London:Routledge.

Ritchie J.R. and Zins, M. (1978) Culture as a Determinant of the Attractiveness of aTourist Region. Annals of Tourism Research, 5, pp. 252-267.

Burns, P.M. (1999) An Introduction to Tourism and Anthropology, Routledge. Shakley, M. (1999) Managing the Cultural Impacts of Religious Tourism in

Himalalyas, Tibet and Nepal. In Robinson, M. and Boniface, Priscilla (Eds.) Tourismand Cultural Conflicts, (pp.95-112), CABI Publishing.

Crang, M. (2004) Cultural Geographies of Tourism. In Lew, A. A., Hall C.M. andWillams A.M.(eds.)

A Companion to Tourism (pp.74-84), Blackwell Publishing.


Hinch, T.D.(2004) Indigenous People in Tourism. In Lew, A. A., Hall C.M. andWillams A.M.(eds.)

A Companion to Tourism (pp.246-258), Blackwell Publishing. Orbashli, A. and Woodyard, (2009) Tourism and Heritage Conservation. In Jamal,T.

and Rabinson. M (eds.) The SAGE Handbook of Tourism Studies (pp.314-332), SAGE.

EvaluationScheme


Total 100%


Economics of TourismCourse Title Economics of Tourism


knowledge on tourism economics which can be seen as a commercial resource. This coursescomprises equal proportion of both pure economics and tourism economics. The purpose ofthis syllabus is to enable the students to know what tourism economics is and identify keymicro variable and macro issues of economy appropriate for adaptation in tourism sector.This course also attempts to familiarize the students to learn about the impact of tourismsector in the national economy.


IntroductionMeaning and Concept of Microeconomics and Macroeconomics; Scope of Microeconomicsand Macroeconomics; Microeconomics as Price Theory and Macroeconomics as IncomeTheory, Interdependence between Microeconomics and Macroeconomics.


Basic Elements and Applications of Demand and SupplyMarket Demand; Demand Schedule and Demand Curve, Changes in Demand: MarketSupply; Supply Schedule and Supply Curve, Changes in Supply: Market Equilibrium, PriceElasticity of Demand and Supply and Its Applications.

*Learning Unit-3Net contactHours:8

Macroeconomic IssuesGrowth vs. Development, Growth vs. Equity, Business cycle, Inflation and Deflation,Budget, Poverty and Inequality.Economic Stabilization PolicyMonetary Policy (Meaning, Objectives and Instruments with Particular Reference to Nepal)and Fiscal Policy (Meaning ,Objectives and instruments with Particular Reference to Nepal)Foreign Trade (With Reference to Nepal)Balance of Trade (BoT) and Balance of Payment (BoP), Basis of foreign Trade, Volume,Direction and Gains from Foreign Trade, Trade in Services, Free Trade vs. Protectionism,Theory of Comparative Advantage.


Resources in Tourism and Tourism DemandThe Tourism Industry and Its Products, Travel and Tourism Resources, ResourceCombinations, The Nature of Demand, Products and Buyer Objectives in Tourism, FactorsInfluencing and Constraining Tourism Demand, Levels of Choice in Travel and TourismDemand.


Tourism Enterprises and Supply of Travel and Tourism ProductsObjectives of Tourism Enterprises, Market Structures: Perfect Competition, Monopoly andDiscriminating Monopoly, The Decision to Supply, Costs and Supply in Tourism, Controlson Supply, Role of Private and Public Organizations in the Development of Travel andTourism.



Tourism Investment, It’s Impact in National Economy and Tourism MultiplierInvestment in Travel and Tourism, Investment Appraisal in Public and Private Sector,Sources of Capital, Factors Influencing Travel and Tourism’s Yield and Future, TourismSatellites Account (TSA), National Income Accounting: Concepts of National Income andMeasurements of National Income, Current Status of Tourism Sector in Nepal: It's Growthand Trends, Impact and Contribution of Tourism Sector in National Economy (WithParticular Reference to Nepal), Tourism Multipliers.

Total ContactHours:

48

Basic Text Boos Bull, A. (1995). The Economics of Travel and Tourism. Harlow: Longman. Tribe, J.(2011). The Economics of Recreation, Leisure and Tourism, (4th ed.),

Elsevier.Other References Dominick Salvatore, Theory and Problems of Microeconomics, (3rd ed.), Schaum's

Outline Series, Singapore: McGraw-Hill, Inc. Mankiw, N. Gregory, (1997). Macroeconomics, (3rd ed.), New York: Worth

Publishers. Vanhove, N. (2005). The Economics of Tourism Destinations, (1st ed.), Elsevier . Williams, A.M. (2004). Towards a Political Economy of Tourism, In Lew, A.A.,

Hall, C.M. &Williams, A.M. (Eds. ) ( pp. 61-73.) A Companion to Tourism,Blackwell Publishing.

Sinclair, M. & Stabler, M. (1997). The Economics of Tourism, (1st ed.), Routledge. Banskota, K. (2012). Impact of Tourism Local Employment and Income in Three

Selected Destinations; Case Studies of Sauraha, Nagarkot and Bhaktapur. NepalTourism and Development Review. (2) : 1.

Gautam, B.P. (2012). Tourism and Economic Growth in Nepal. Economic Review.(23):2, NRB.

Ministry of Finance.( 2013). Economic Survey 2012/13. Kathmandu: Ministry ofFinance, Government of Nepal.

Ministry of Financ (2013). Budget Speech 2013. Kathmandu: Ministry of Finance,Government of Nepal.

Nepal Rastra Bank( 2013). Monetary Policy 2012/13. Kathmandu.EvaluationScheme


Total 100%


Himalayan GeologyCourse Title Himalayan Geology

Course CodeNumberCredit Hours 3Course Objective The course is designed to provide the students with the basic concepts on the origin and

evolution of the Himalaya and its present status. Students will understand how minerals, rocksand fossils are formed. They will also gain knowledge about the distribution of differentrocks, minerals and fossils along the Nepal Himalaya as well as geological structure andmorphotectonics of the Himalaya. They will be able to understand various geological,geomorphological processes and natural hazards existing in the Himalaya.At the end of the course students will be able to understand tourism relating specifically togeology and geomorphology (geo-tourism) and the natural resources of landscape, landforms ,fossil beds, rocks and minerals ,with an emphasis on appreciating the processes that arecreating and created such features.


Fundamentals of Geology Definition, scope and branches of geology Internal structure of the Earth Minerals Rocks Fossils, fossilization and importance of fossils Introduction to plate tectonics and mountain building processes Geological structures Weathering, erosion and mass movements


Broader Framework of the Himalaya Himalayan range and Himalayan tectonic system Relation of the Himalaya with other mountain chains of the region

Karakoram,Hindu-KushTien ShanPamirsIndo-Burmese Range

Tectonic sub-divisions of the Himalaya Brief account of the Punjab, Kumaun, Nepal, Sikkim and Bhutan Himalayas.


Formation of the Himalaya Indian and Eurasian Plates and the Tethys Sea Northward drift of India and the end of Tethys Collision of India with the Eurasia Deformation, thrusting and uplift of the Himalaya Himalayan foreland basin Present movement of the Indian Plate and uplift rate.



Major Geological Features of Nepal Himalaya Geological map of Nepal Geology of the Siwaliks and Dun Valleys Geology of the Lesser Himalaya Geology of the Higher Himalaya Geology of the Tethys Himalaya Geology of the Kathmandu, Pokhara and Mustang valleys. Important minerals (precious and semi-precious stones) and fossils (ammonites) and

geological hot-spots of NepalLearning Unit-5Net contactHours: 8

Geomorphic process and natural hazards Rivers and valley morphology Process of stream erosion and deposition Glaciers: glacier ice, glacier flow, rock debris in glaciers, landforms of glacial

deposition, Glacial lakes and Glacial Lake Outbrust Flood (GLOF) Landslide: Classification, causes of landslide, mitigation measures. Floods Earthquake.


Geo-Tourism Concept of geo-tourism Relationship of geo-tourism with other forms of tourism Geo-heritages of Nepal: structural sites, unique rock sites, and mine sites, fossil sites,

geomorphological sites (caves, river terraces, cliffs, gorges, fans and delta, glaciers,glacial lakes, moraines, icefalls).

Geo-park and Geo-conservation. Difference between geo-parks and protected national areas. The UNESCO global network of national geo-parks Geological guidebooks for geo-tourists.

Total ContactHours:

48

Basic Text Books 1. Duff, D., 2004. Holme’s Principles of Physical Geology, Routledge, UK.2. Gansser, A., 1964. Geology of Himalayas, John Wiley and Sons Inc.3. Newsome, D. and Dowling, R.K., 2010. Geotourism: The Tourism of Geology and

Landscape, Oxford: Goodfellow Publishers.

Other References 1. Sanders, J. E. , 1981. Principles of Physical Geology. John Wiley and Sons, NewYork.

2. Brian J. Skinner, Stephen C. Porter and Jeffrey Park, 2004, 5th Edition. DynamicEarth: An introduction to Physical Geology. John Wiley and Sons. Inc.

3. Bloom, A. L. (1992): Geomorphology, Prentice Hall of India, 532 p4. Dowling, R. and Newsome, D.(eds), 2006. Geotourism. Elsevier/ Heineman , Oxford,

UK


5. Journal of Nepal Geological Society.6. Bulletin of Nepal Geological Society.7. Bulletin of Department of Geology, Tribhuvan University.8. Journal of Stratigraphic Association of Nepal.9. Valdiya, K. S., 998. Dynamic Himalaya, Universities Press, New Delhi.10. Paudel, L.P., 2011. Mineral Resources of Nepal: An analytical study.(In Nepali)11. Paudel, L. P., 2012. Handbook of Field Geology. GEOS.12. Thornbury, D. W., 2000. Principles of Geomorphology, New age International (P)

Limited, Publishers, India. 594 p.

EvaluationScheme


Total 100%


French Language-I

Course Title French language-I

Course code Number

Credit Hours 3

Course Objective The course is designed to provide the students the basic knowledge aboutFrench language through the simple communication and correctpronunciation. It will also give an opportunity to improve understanding bothwritten and spoken language. At the end of the semester students will be ableto communicate with the French tourist as well as with their friends in asimple manner.

Learning Unit – 1

Net content

Hours : 8

L’Acceuil

Importance of knowing French language

French alphabets , Pronunciation(consont, vowel, nasal sounds)

French accents , Greetings , Etiquettes ,Self introduction,

Introduce to some one

Learning Unit - 2

Net contact

Hours : 8

J’aime les sports beaucoup

French verbs and their conjugation

Simple affirmative ,negative ,interrogative sentences ,

Hobbies liking /disliking

Learning Unit -3

Net contact

Hours : 8

Où se trouve l’hôtel

Numbers from 1 to 100 (cardinal , ordinal )

Months ,Date ,Time , Weather , Direction

Learning Unit -4

Net contact

Hours : 8

J’aime la France et les français

Articles (défine , indéfini , partitif )

Types of pronouns

Adjectives and its position ( positive , comparative and superlative )

Adjective possessive


Learning Unit -5

Net contact

Hours : 8

Je suis népalis et ètudiant/e

Country ,Nationality ,Country preposition

Preposition

Parts of body and about health

Learning Unit - 6

Net contact

Hours : 8

Amusez-vous bien

Situational conversation dialogues with the guest :

-General information about the place where they go

-Altitude , Walking hour( duration),About weather and clothes

-About the facilities of hotel, hospital, doctor

Total contact Hours 48

Basic text Books 1. Ranjit, M. and Singh, M (2008 ) Apprenons le français. NewDelhi : Atul Gupta

2. Overy,R.and Lecanut,J (1987)French in Three Months.GreatBritain:HazellWaston and viney limited

3. Gupta ,M. G,V and Ramchandran U (2000) Bon voyage : NewDelhi :W.R Goyal

4. Berman,J et Savio.M(1991)French 40 Lessons .France :Brodardet Taupin

Evaluation Scheme

In – Semester 40 %

End -Semester 60 %

Total 100 %


Mountain Environment and Tourism

Topics Mountain Environment and TourismCourse code

Credit hours 48 hours

Courseobjectives

The course is designed to provide students with an overview of relationshipbetween mountain environment and tourism, particularly in relation to tourismdevelopment, impacts and management implications. In completion of thiscourse, students are expected to have a sound understanding of mountainenvironment- tourism interface and issues relevant to ecotourism developmentand sustainability.

Unit 18 hours

Unit 1: Introduction to Mountain Environment Define and describe mountain environment and origin Mountain biogeography and history -evolution of mountain flora and

fauna, mountain people, culture and adaptation Mountain environmental resources and use- development and

environmental opportunities and challenges - Mountain environmental governance and management regimes-de-jure

vs de-facto/traditional vs modern/none-state vs stateUnit 28 hours

Unit 2: Mountain Tourism and Environment –Costs and Benefits History of mountain tourism Mountain tourism and environmental impacts Mountain tourism and socio-cultural and economic impacts Climate change and mountain tourism

Unit 38 hours

Unit 3: Mountain Tourism Experience –Case Studies Mountain tourism and environment – global experience Mountain tourism and environment – regional experience Mountain tourism and environment – Nepal’s experience Nepal destination specific case studies

Unit 48 hours

Unit 4: Mountain Tourism Planning and Management Mountain tourism network-infrastructure, accommodation and

transportation Mountain tourism services - guiding, trekking, mountaineering and travel

and training. Mountain tourism policies and tourism predevelopment Mountain tourism management and practices

Unit 58 hours

Unit 5:Mountain Eco-tourism and Sustainability Eco-tourism principles and concepts, and market segmentations Eco-tourism management approaches and practices Recreation Opportunity Spectrum (ROS), Limits of Acceptable Change

(LAC) and Tourism Carrying Capacity (TCC) Eco-tourism case studies


Unit 68 hours

Unit 6: Project WorkStudents are required to work in a group of maximum five to gain on-handexperience on a range of tourism related activities. This may include organising atourism event such as rafting, guided tour, nature walk, bird watching, expo andmarts. Students are required to develop promotional materials such as flyers,leaflets and pamphlets and work closely with media to promote the event. Theyneed to submitbetween3000-4000 words report with supporting documents suchas financial report, photos and audio-visual etc. Alternatively they areencouraged to explore and contact experts to deliver lectures on their choosetopics. A maximum of three experts for guest lectures. The course convenorshould facilitate to select experts for guest lectures. Based on guest lectures,students are required to research for relevant and most recent references,publications, and media reports etc., and write a project paper of between 3000-4000 words.

Assessment Assessment: Unit 6 – group work – 25%; End of semester test: 75.%

References

(needs to

add more)

Bajracharya, D. (1983). Deforestation in the food/fuel context: Historical and

political perspectives from Nepal. Mountain Research and Development

3(3): 227-240.

Bajracharya, K. M. (1993). Policy, legislation, institutional and

implementation problems: A compendium of papers on forest resource

management of Nepal. National Planning Commisssion, Kathandu, Nepal

Bajracharya, S. B.,.Furley, P. A & Newton, N. C.. (2005 ). Effectiveness of

community involvement in delivering conservation benefits to the Annapurna

Conservation Area, Nepal. Environmental Conservation 32(3): 239-247.

Banskota, K. and Upadhyay , B.(1991). Impacts of rural tourism on

environment, income and emplyment: Implications of tourism development in

the Makau-Barun Conservation Area Kathmandu. Makalu-Barun

Conservation Area Project.

Beniston, Martin. "Climatic change in mountain regions: a review of possible

impacts." Climate Variability and Change in High Elevation Regions: Past,

Present & Future. Springer Netherlands, 2003. 5-31.

Blamey, R. K. "Principles of ecotourism." The encyclopedia of

ecotourism 2001 (2001): 5-22.

Boyd, Stephen W., and Richard W. Butler. "Managing ecotourism: an

opportunity spectrum approach." Tourism management 17.8 (1996): 557-566.

Byers, A. (2005). Contemporary human impacts on alpine ecosystems in the

Sagarmatha (Mr. Everest) National Park, Khumbu, Nepal. Annals of the


Association of American Geographers 95(1): 112-140.

Cater, E (1993) Ecotourism in the third world: Problems for sustainable

tourism development, tourism management, April 85-90

Clark, R. N., and Stankey, G. H. (1979) "The recreation opportunity

spectrum: a framework for planning, management, and research." USDA

Forest Service, General Technical Report PNW-98.

Elsasser, Hans, and Rolf Bürki. "Climate change as a threat to tourism in the

Alps." Climate Research 20.3 (2002): 253-257.

Furer-Haimendrof, C. V. (1974). The changing furtunes of Nepal's high

altitude dwellers. Contributions to the Anthropology of Nepal. C. V. Furer-

Haimendrof. Warminister, Aris and Philips Ltd.: 98-113.

Gunn, C. (1994) Tourism planning: Basic, concepts, issues, 2ndEdn,

Wasightyon: Taylor and Francis

Gurung, G.S., Devlin, P. J. and Simmons, D. (1996). The role of tourist

guides in third world tourism, in ‘Tourism and Indigenous people’, book

edited by Butler, R. D.

Gurung, G. S. (2006). Reconciling biodiversity conservation priorities with

livelihood needs in Kangchenjunga Conservation Area, Nepal. University of

Zurich, Zurich. PhD Thesis.

Guthman, J. (1997). Representing Crisis: The theory of himalyan

environmental degradation and the project of development in post-

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Kunwar, R.R. (2012) Tourist and tourism –Science and industry interface,

Kathmandu, Ganga Sen Kunwar.

Laws, E. (1991) tourism marketing, Cheltenham, Stanley Thornes

Mahat, T. B. S.,. Griffin, D. M & Shepherd, K. R. (1986). Human impacts on

some forests of the middle hills of Nepal: Forestry in the context of the

traditional resources of the state. Mountain Research and Development 6(3):

223-232.

Messerschmidt, D. A. (1987). Conservation and society in Nepal:

Traditional forest management and innovative development. Boulder, CO:,

Westview Press.

Newman, P., and Jennings, I. (2008) Cities as sustainable ecosystems:

principles and practices. Island Press.


O'reilly, A. M. "Tourism carrying capacity: concept and issues." Tourism

management 7.4 (1986): 254-258.Page, S. (1995) Urban tourism, London,

Rouledge

Thakali, S. (1994). Renegotiating tradition: Tourism and cultural invention

in Nepal. MA Thesis, Roehamption Institute. London, University of Surrey.

Simmons D. G. ( 1994), Community participation in tourism planning –

Tourism Management, 15 (2):98-108

Susanne, B., Simmons, D.G. and Frampton, C. (2003) Energy use associated

with different travel choices, Tourism Management 24(3): 267-277

Wearing, S. and Neil, J. (2009) Ecotourism: Impacts, potentials and

possibilities, Oxford, UK

Yong, A. B., Lee, B. and. and ShaferC. S. "Operationalizing sustainability in

regional tourism planning: an application of the limits of acceptable change

framework." Tourism Management 23.1 (2002): 1-15.

Evaluation

Scheme

In-semester 60 %

End-semester 40%

Total 100%


Safety and Security Operation

Course Title Safety and Security Operation


knowledge on safety and security operation. This will help to understand links betweentrekking/mountaineering insurance and its application, high altitude and pathology, safetyand security, rescue, crisis and risk management. At the end of the semester, the studentswill be able manage independently the various issues concerning to safety and securityoperatio from mountaineering ad trekking prospective.


Mountaineering and Risk: A Model of Risk Management

The Concept of Risk, Types of Risk, Various Theories of Risk, Risk Benefit Analysis,Systematic Approaches, Likelihood and Consequences, Active Risk Control and SafetyManagement, Risk Assessment, Risk Avoidance, Risk Reduction, Risk Transfer, Risk andCompetence, Risk Management Review, The Concept of Safety, Security, Crisis and PostCrisis Management, Safety and Security Measures.


Himalayan Rescue System and Processes

Himalayan Rescue System and Processes (Rescue Training, Accident Response, Rescuefrom Technical Terrain, Evacuation, Searches, Outside Rescue Assistance), First Aid(Planning and Preparation, Contribution of HRA in Trekking and MountaineeringDestinations, The Seven Steps in Accident Responses, Mountain Maladies, Injuries,Management of First Aid Kit), Glacier Travel and Crevasse Rescue (Crevasse RescueMethods, Special Rescue Situation)


Navigation and Basic Safety System

Trip Preparation, The Map, The Compass, The Clinometers , The Altimeter , The GlobalPositioning System, Orientation with Instrument and Navigation by Instrument ,Varietiesof Climbing: Ropes, Knots, Helmets, Harnesses, Runners, Carabineers , Use and Care ,Basic Safety System ,A Brief Introduction of the Cycle of Snow and MountainEnvironment. Behavior adjustments: Panic, anxiety, stress and abuse.


High Altitude and Pathology

Expedition Medical Planning and Preparation, Rescue Training, Accident Response,Rescue from Technical Terrain, Evacuation, Search, High Altitude Sickness Types,Symptoms, High-Altitude Cerebral Oedema (HACE), High Altitude Pulmonary Oedema(HAPE), Burns, Snow Blindness, Fracture and Sprains, Dental Problem, EnvironmentalProblems, Heat Loss Hypothermia, Frostbite, Dehydration, Prevention of Acute Mountain


Sickness (AMS) and Rescue Procedures, Acclimatization, Snow Blindness, Frostbite,Heat Related Conditions, Cold Related Conditions, High Altitude Conditions, UVRadiation-Related Conditions, Lighting Caused Injuries, Intestinal Disorders (Blisters),Prevention and Cure, Treatment Using Portable Hyperbaric Chambers, Use andSignificance of GAMO Bag, Rescue System: Rescue Procedure, CommunicationSituations, Local Support, Means of Rescue, Mountain Hazards and Rescue Operations,Legal and Financial Involvement, Mountaineering Technical Manual, Snow Avalanche,Rock Falling, Misjudgment, Slippery and Weather Conditions.


Health, Hygiene and Sanitation

Define Personal Hygiene, Importance of Cleanliness, Personal Habit, Water BorneDiseases, Purification of Water, Food Nutrition Value, Balanced Diet, Prevention of FoodBorne Diseases and Food Poisoning, Diarrhea and Other Sickness), Prevention and Care (system of body, the respiratory system, the digestive system, Prevention of Alcohol, Drugs,STD and HIV, Define First Aid Safety and Its Measures, Bleeding, Cuts and Wounds,Fractures, Dislocations, Sprains, Burns, Heat Strokes, Sun Strokes, Sun Burns,Preparation First Aid Kit with Medicine, Elastic Bandages, Splints and Dummies.


Tourism Insurance

Meaning and Concept of Tourism Insurance, Tourism Related Risks, Types of Tourisminsurance, Travel and Medical Insurance, Underwriting, Pricing, Claim of TourismInsurance, Universal Travel Insurance, Meaning and concept of Trekking Insurance,Trekking related risks, Types of Trekking insurance, Underwriting, Pricing, Claim ofTrekking Insurance, Group Trekking Insurance, Meaning and concept of MountaineeringInsurance, Mountaineering related risks, Types of Mountaineering insurance,Underwriting, Pricing, Claim of Tourism Insurance, Policy Drafting, Coverage, Exclusion,Condition, Adds on Covers, Beema Samiti in Tourism Insurance.

Total ContactHours:

48

Basic Tex Boos Auerbach, P.S. (ed.) (1995) Wilderness Medicine Management of Wilderness and EnvironmentalEmergencies, Mosby.

Buckley, R. (2006) Adventure Tourism, CABI. Cooke, C., Bunting, D. and O’ Hara, J. (Eds.)(2010) Mountaineering: Training and Preparation,

Human Kinetics.

Courtenay, D (2005) Communications. In Harrill, R.(ed.) Fundamentals of DestinationManagement and Marketing, American Hotel and Lodging Educational Institute pp. 77-98.

Khadka, Shergunj & Singh, Hriydabeer, Principles and Practice of Insurance in Nepal.

Faulkner, B. (2001). Towards a framework for tourism disaster management. Tourism Management,22:135-147.

Barton, L. (1994). Crisis Management: Preparing for Managing Disasters. The Cornell Hotel andRestaurant Administration Quarterly, 35(2): 59-65.

Ritchie, B.W. (2004). Chaos, Crises and disasters: a strategic approach to crisis management in thetourism industry. Tourism Management, 25: 659-683.

Nielsen, C.(2001) Tourism and the Media Melbourne: Hospitality Press.


Rejda, George E., Principle of Risk Management and Insurance, Mc Graw Hill Publishing Co. Ltd.

Swarbrooke, J., Beard, C., Leckie, S. and Pomfret, G. (2003) Adventure Tourism The new frontier,Butterworth, Heinemann.

Berry, M & Hodgson, (eds.) (2011). Adventure Education: An Introduction, London: Routtedge. Swarbrooke, J. (1999) Sustainable Tourism, CABI. Wilkerson, J. A.(ed.) (2005) Medicine For Mountaineering & Other Wilderness Activities, Seattle:

The Mountaineers Book. Page, S. J. (2005).Scoping the nature and extend of adventure tourism operations in Scotland: how

safe are they? Tourism Management, 26 :381-397. Tarlow , P.(2014).Tourism oriented policing and the tourism industry. International Journal of Event

Management Research, 8(1): 1-18.

Gurtner,Y.K.(2007).Phuket: Tsunami and Tourism-a Preliminary Investigation.In Laws, E.,Prideauxand Chon,K.(eds.) Crisis Management in Tourism (pp.217-233),CAB International.

Robertson ,D. ,Keane, I.& Moore ,S.(2006).Tourism Risk Management-an Authoritative Guide toManaging Crisis in Tourism, APEC International Centre For Sustainable Tourism.

Beirman, D.(2011).The integration of emergency management and tourism. The Australian Journalof Emergency Management,26(3):n.p.

Rossnagel,H.& Junker,J.(2010).Evaluation of a Mobile Emergency Management System .ASimulation Approach.Paper at the 7th International ISCRAM Conference-Seattle USA May 2010.

Bentley,T.,Meyer,D.,Page,S.&Chalmers,D.(2001).Recreational Tourism Injuries among Visitors toNew Zealand: an Exploratory Analysis using Hospital Discharge Data. TourismManagement,22:373-381.

Barton,L.(1994).Crisis Management: Preparing for and managing Disaster.The Cornell Hotel,Restaurant ,Administration Quarterly.

Faulkner,B.(2001). Towards a framework for tourism disaster management. Tourism Management,22:135-147.

Cater,C.I.(2006).Playing with risk? Participant perception of risk and management implications inadventure tourism.Tourism Mangement,27:317-325.

Bentley,T.A.and Page,S.J.(2001). Scoping the Extent of Adventure Tourism Accidents.Annals oftourism Research,28(3):705-726.

Faulkner,B.and Vikulov,S.(2001).Katherine, washed out one day, back on track the next: a post –mortem of a tourism Disaster. Tourism Mangement,22:331-344.

Other References Cox, S.M. and Fulsaas, K. ( Eds. ) (2005) Mountaineering: The Freedom of the Hills, Seattle : TheMountaineers.

Greaves, L. and Porter, L. (2007) Oxford Handbook of Pre-Hospital Care, Oxford: Oxford UnivrsityPress.

Pollard, A.J. and Murdoch, P.R. (2003) The High Altitude Medicine Handbook, Oxford: RadcliffeMedical Text.

Unsworth, W. (1992) Encyclopedia of Mountaineering, London: Hodder and Stoughton.

Ward, M.P. West, J.S. and Milledge, J.B. (2000) High Altitude Medicine and Physiology, London:Arnold.

EvaluationScheme


Total 100%


Entrepreneurship

Course Title Entrepreneurship

Course CodeNumberCredit Hours 3Course Objective The objective of this course is to impart students the basic concepts, process and

functions of entrepreneurship and functional skills of creating, launching, nurturingand managing the growth of entrepreneurial ventures. The course will also helpstudents to appreciate the role of entrepreneurship in tourism, hospitality and leisureindustries.

Learning Unit-1Net contact Hours:8

IntroductionSignificance of entrepreneurship; Concept of entrepreneurship; Elements ofentrepreneurship; Entrepreneurship process; Types of entrepreneurship; Role ofentrepreneurship in the growth of tourism and hospitality industries; Concept ofentrepreneur; Characteristics of successful entrepreneurs; Functions of entrepreneur;Types of entrepreneurs; Women entrepreneurs in tourism and hospitality enterprises.


Environment for EntrepreneurshipRole of environment in the growth of entrepreneurship; Environmental forcesaffecting entrepreneurship: political intervention, social attitude and legitimacy,economic system, significance of private enterprises and role of tourism sector in theeconomy, impact of demographic and technological changes in the growth of tourismenterprises.


Business PlanningSignificance of business plan; Concept and elements of business plan; objectives ofbusiness plan; Format of a business plan; Business planning process; Practicalexercise: preparation and presentation of a business plan for a tourism or hospitalityenterprise.


Entrepreneurial Marketing StrategiesSignificance of entrepreneurial marketing; Concept of entrepreneurial marketing;Marketing research: methods and process; Competitors analysis: internal and external;Market segmentation and positioning; Entrepreneurial marketing strategies:product/service strategies, distribution strategies, pricing strategies and promotionalstrategies for tourism and hospitality enterprises.


Operations Management of Entrepreneurial FirmsConcept of operations management; Physical site factors: premises, location andinternal layout; Productions process: workflow; Service blueprinting: inventory,supply management and operating equipment; Evaluating, improving and securingoperational activities: assessing and controlling current operations, schedulingmechanisms, inspection regimes and productivity indicators and timing of evaluation;


Procedural systems and quality assurance; RiskLearning Unit-6Net contact Hours:8

Human Resource Issues in Entrepreneurial FirmsConcept and functions of human resource management; HRM as a business strategy;Acquisition of staff; Job analysis and selection criteria; Recruitment sources;Maintenance: orientation and induction, and motivation mechanisms; Training,remuneration and rewards, performance appraisal and termination; Governmental andregulatory requirements: occupational health and safety, workers compensationinsurance, taxation, equal employment opportunity, retirement funds and suitablerecords; Trade unionism in tourism and hospitality industries.

Total ContactHours:

48

Basic Tex Boos Kuratko, Donald F. and Hodgetts, Richard M. (2012). Entrepreneurship:Theory, Process and Practice. Singapore: Thomson Asia Pte. Ltd.

Hisrich, Robert D., Manimala, Mathew J., Peters, Michael P. and Shepherd,Dean A. (2013). Entrepreneurship. New Delhi: McGraw Hill Education(India) Pvt. Ltd.

Schaper, Michael, Velery, Thierry, Weber, Paull and Lewis, Kate (2011).Entrepreneurship and Small Business. New Delhi: Wiley-India.

Barringer, Bruce R. and Ireland, R. Duane (2012). Entrepreneurship:Successfully Launching New Ventures. New Delhi: Pearson Education

Other References Blundel, Richard and Lockett, Nigel. (2011). Exploring Entrepreneurship:Practices and Perspectives. New Delhi: Oxford University Press.

Morrison, Alison, Remmington, Mike and Williams, Claire. (2006)Entrepreneurship in the Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure Industries. Oxford:Butterworth Heinemann

Evaluation Scheme In-semester 40 %End-semester 60%

Total 100%


Mountaineering Planning

CourseTitle

Mountaineering Planning

CourseCodeNumberCreditHours

3

CourseObjective

The course is designed to provide the students with the basic concepts and functionalknowledge on mountaineering planning which includes successful operation and planning,trip preparations, transport, logistics, diet, high altitude equipment, physiology, weatherconditions, adventure education, resilience leadership. At the end of the semester, the studentswill be able to access better planning and judgment about situation, risk and uncertainty,misjudgment and individual mistakes in climbing mountains for successful expedition.

LearningUnit-1Net contactHours: 8

Logistics and Planning

A Brief Introduction to Planning and its Theories based on Mountaineering: Input – Process –Output Model (Black Box Theory), Dynamic Adventure Environment, Adventure ExperienceParadigm, Conditional Theory of Outdoor Leadership (COLT Model and Adair's Circle),Supportive Group, Stages of Group Development, Greenway's Reviewing Model,Organizational Programming (The Participants, Group, Instructors or Facilitators, PhysicalEnvironment, Activities and Processing) and Outcomes (Cognitive Outcomes, AffectiveOutcomes and Psychomotor Skills), SWOT Analysis, Practical Approaches to Planning,Logistic Plan and its Management, Planning Budget, Climbing Movement Plan, ManagingTarget Plan for Expedition, Management of Financial Support, Operation and Planning,Financial Report (Budget),Transportation, Ground Support at the Destination and Local LevelPlanning made by Treks and Expedition from host country, Environmental Issues,Administrative Processes of Host Country, Medical Service, Radio Communications(Information system), Endurance Training, Nutrition for Training, Nutrition for Expedition .


Physical Fitness and Training (Pre-Departure Management)

The Concept of Physical Fitness , Principles of Training , Making a Physiological Profile ,Multi muscle and Multi joint exercises , Abdominal Exercises , Upper – body exercises, FinalPhysiological Conditions for expeditions , Psychological skills (Adventure Education :Cognitions , Emotions , Group Process and Sport Psychology), +Transport, Accommodation,Food, Equipment and Financial Management for Whole Expeditions.


Expedition Climbing and Leadership

Planning and Preparation, Expedition Climbing Techniques in various phases, ExpeditionStaffs, Expedition Weather, High Altitude Health Hazard, Expedition Philosophy,Government Rules and Regulations of Mountaineering. Leadership : Its Definition, Types ofLeadership, The Climb Leader, Styles of Leadership, Gaining Support from the Groups,


Groups Commitment on their Values, Flexibility of Changing Plans, Employ the RightKnowledge, Making Vision, Leading in a Crisis, Organizing the Climb, Forming the PartyEquipment, Time Management, Adventure Education. Resilience, Becoming a Leader andEveryone a Leader.


Climbing Management

Climbing Code , Technical Knowledge and Skills , Clothing , Foot Gear , Packs , EssentialEquipment , The ten Essentials , Additional Items , Additional Gear for Snow , Glacier orWinter Climbs , Campsite Selection , Snow and Winter Camp , Stoves , Water , Food andFood Planning , Base Camp Food and High Camp Food, A Brief Introduction to MountainGeology, Food, Equipment Supply up to Base Camp and above Base Camp.


Post-Expedition Report

Operation and Planning, Environmental Issue, Financial Report, Ground Support in ClimbingDestinations, Administrative Issues, Transportation, Medical Report, CommunicationNetwork, Corporate Sponsors, Expedition Target Plan for Twelve Months, Planning Targetand Events


Economics of Mountaineering

Planning Budget for Expedition, Environmental Planning Budget, Environmental Expeditionaction Plan, Economics of Mountaineering, Employment and Income, Annual ExpeditionTeams, Royalty of Mountaineering, Gender inclusion in Mountaineering, A Short Descriptionof Major Peaks of Karnali, Gandaki and Koshi Region of Nepal. A Brief Description of EightThousander Peaks in Nepal.

TotalContactHours:

48

Basic TexBoos

Buckley, R. (2006) Adventure Tourism, CABI.

Buckley, R. (2010) Adventure: Tourism Management, Elsevier.

Cooke, C., Bunting, D. and O’Hara, J.(Eds.)(2010) Mountaineering: Training andPreparation, Human Kinetics.

Cox, S.M. and Fulsaas , K. ( Eds. ) (2005) Mountaineering : The Freedom of the Hills ,Seattle : The Mountaineers.

Ives, J.D. (2006) Himalayan Perceptions: Environmental change and the well-being ofmountain people, Kathmandu: HimAAS.

Post Expedition Report 1990 Environmental Expedition .

Gurung,H.(2004) Peaks and Pinnacles: Mountaineering in Nepal, Kathmandu: NepalMountaineering Association.


Kunwar, R.R. (2012) Safety and Security in Tourism: A Study of Crisis and DisasterManagement. Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Education , Vol.2.

Kunwar, R. R .(2013) Nepal Himalayan Region :The living Laboratory forMountaineering Education . Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Education, Vol .3.

Kunwar, R. R .(Co- author ) (2002) Nepalese Climbers on Mt. Everest, Kathmandu :Pema Chhanji Sherpa

Swarbrooke, J., Beard, C., Leckie, S. and Pamfret, G. (2003) Adventure Tourism: TheNew Frontier, Butterworth/Heinemann.

UNEP and Conservational Internationals (2011) Tourism and Mountains: A PracticalGuide to Managing the Environmental and Social Impacts of Mountain Tours, UNEP andConservational Internationals.

Unsworth , W .( 1992) Encyclopedia of Mountaineering , London : Hodder andStoughton.

Herzog, M.(1952/1997) Annapurna: The First Conquest of an 8000-Metre Peak,London: Pimlico.

Nepal Mountaineering Association and Planinska Zueza Slovenije (1997) Handbook forGuides of Nepal Mountaineering Association.

Kohli, M. S., (1989) Mountaineering in India, New Delhi: Vikas Publishing House.

Berry, M & Hodgson, (eds.) (2011). Adventure Education: An Introduction, London:Routtedge.

OtherReferences

Messener, R (n.d.), All 14 Eight-Thousanders, Translated by Audrey Salkeld, TheCrowood Press.Bonington, C. (2003), Everest, London: Weidenfeld & Nicholson.

Bonington, C. (2001), Annapurna South Face, New York: Adraneling.

National Geographic Society (1988) Mountain Worlds, Nepal Geography Society.

Pfetzer, M. and Galvin, J. (1998). Within Reach: My Everest Story, Penguin.

Salkeld, A. (1998) World Mountaineering, London: Reed Consumer Books.

Shipton, E. (1996), Mountain Conquest, New York: American HeritagePublishing.

EvaluationScheme


Total 100%


Tourism Policy and Planning

Course Title Tourism Policy and Planning


knowledge on Tourism Policy and Planning in Nepal. The major objective of this course ishelp students understand about the development of tourism in Nepal from the perspectives ofvarious policy envisaged, planning formulated and programs implemented separately and/or inrelationship with each other. At the end of the semester the students will be able to assess theconcept and implementation status of tourism policy, planning and programs in Nepal.


Introduction to Tourism Policy Understanding Concept, Roles, Structure and Process of Tourism Policy formulation Conceptual Foundation on Tourism Policy Formulation: Four Perspectives (Government,

Practitioners, Community and Tourists) Historical Perspective of Tourism Policy of Nepal


Introduction to Tourism Planning Basic Concept, Importance, Levels, Types, Components, and Process of Tourism Planning Tourism Planning as an Integrated System; Concept of Sustainable Tourism Development;

Long-range and Strategic Planning; and Public Participation in Planning Tools of Tourism Planning: (a) Appreciative and Participatory Planning and Action

(APPA), (b) Market Analysis and Development (MAD), and (c) Trans-disciplinaryApproach (TD)


Tourism Policy-making and Planning Policy Consideration for Tourism Planning Planning Goals for Development Planning's New Look: The New Planning (Integrative Planning Vs. Conventional Planning,

Decision-making/Implementation Model) Planning Scales: Site Scale, Destination Scale and Regional Scale Major Stakeholders and their Roles and Responsibilities Economic, Environmental and Socio-cultural Considerations


Tourism Policies of Nepal Introduction and analytical review of tourism policy 2052 (1995) Introduction and analytical review of tourism policy 2065 (2009) A brief overview of Homestay Work Procedure 2066 (2010)


Planning Tourism in Nepal A brief overview of tourism development plans in context of national economic

development plans of Nepal (1956-2012) Tourism for Rural Poverty Alleviation Programme (2001-2005) as a pioneer action plan for

the decentralization of tourism Brief reviews of Tourism Master Plan 1972 and 1984


Partnership Actions for Mitigating Syndromes- PAMS (2013) Tourism Project in Pokhara(Kaski): The destination level innovative development plan as based on responsibletourism guidelines


Destination Planning and Development in Nepal: Various Case Studies Tourism Destinations’ Models:

― Sagarmatha National Park (Model of Ecotourism),― Annapurna Conservation Area (Model of Community-Based Tourism),― Bhaktapur (Model of Cultural Heritage Tourism),― Lumbini (Model of Pilgrimage Tourism)

Total ContactHours:

48

Basic Text Books Kfo{6g dGqfno -@)%$_=Kfo{6g gLlt @)%@ tyf /fli6«o xjfO{ gLlt @)%). sf7df8f}: g]kfn ;/sf/,

Kfo{6g tyf gful/s p8\8og dGqfno, l;+xb/af/, sf7df8f} .

Kfo{6g dGqfno -@)^*_=g]kfn ;/sf/, Kfo{6g tyf gful/s p8\8og dGqfno kl/rofTds k'l:tsf.

sf7df8f} g]kfn ;/sf/, Kfo{6g tyf gful/s p8\8og dGqfno, l;+xb/af/, sf7df8f} .

Kfo{6g dGqfno-@)^&_=xf]d:6] ;+rfng sfo{ljlw @)^&= sf7df8f} g]kfn ;/sf/, Kfo{6g tyf gful/s

p8\8og dGqfno, l;+xb/af/, sf7df8f} .

Gunn, C.A. (2002). Tourism Planning: Basics, Concepts, Cases. Third edition. Taylor

& Francis.

Nepal, S. K. (2003). Tourism and the Environment: Perspectives from the Nepal

Himalaya. Lalitpur, Nepal: Himal Books. Pradhan, K.M. (1997). Planning Tourism in

Nepal. New Delhi: Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd.

WTO (2001). National and Regional Tourism Planning. Methodologies and Case

studies. London: Rutledge.

Other References lhNNff ljsf; ;ldlt tyf g]kfn ko{6g af]8{, EfQmk'/ -@)!@_= EfQmk'/ lhNNffsf] ko{6g ljsf; tyf

Joj:yfkg of]hgf @)^(÷&)–@)&#÷&$=

Adams, V. (1995). Tigers of the Snow & Other Virtual Sherpas. Princeton University

Press.

Agrawal, R.P., Upadhyay, R.P. (2006). Tourism and Economic Development in Nepal

(Chapter 6: Review of Tourism Policies in Nepal). New Delhi: Northern Book Centre.

Aryal, B. (2008). Tourism Planning: Steps and Procedures. In R.P. Upadhyay (Ed.).

Readings in Rural Tourism (pp. 235-242). Kathmandu: Sunlight Publication.

Adams , V. (1996). Tigers of the Snow. New Jersy: University of Princeton.

Chambers, R. (1992). Rural appraisal: rapid, relaxed and participatory: Discussion

paper 311. Institute of Development Studies.

Cooperrider, D., Whitney, D., Stavros, J.M. (2008). Appreciative Inquiry Handbook


for Leader of Change. Brunswick OH: Crown Custom Publishing Inc.

Costa, C. (2006). Tourism Planning, Development and the Territory. In D. Buhallis

and Costa,C. (Eds.). Tourism Management and Tools. Elsevier. pp (236-244).

Dhakal, D. P., Khadka, M., Sharma, S., & Choegyal, L. (2007). Lessons Learned:

Nepal's Experience Implementing Sustainable Rural Tourism Development

Model.Kathmandu: Tourism for Rural Poverty Alleviation Programme (TRPAP).

Gaze, D (1986).Models of Tourism Planning, Towards Iintegration of Theory and

Practice. Tourism Management, pp 21-32.

Kunwar, R.R. (2006). Tourists & Tourism Science and Industry Interface. Kathmandu:

International School of Tourism and Hotel Management.

Mason, P. (2011). Tourism Impacts, Planning and Management. Elsevier.

Netherlands Development Organization (SNV) Nepal. (2012). Developing Strategic

Tourism Action Plans, A practical guide for pro-poor sustainable tourism planning

along the Great Himalaya Trail.

Panzeri, D., Lama, L. T., & Sherpa, G. (2009). Participatory Tools Handbook.

Kathmandu: CESVI and Mountain Spirit.

Pradhan, K.M. (2008). Macro and Micro Perspectives of Tourism in Nepal. Delhi:

Benchmark Education Support P. Ltd.

Rogers, P., & Aitchison, J. (1998). Towards Sustainable Tourism in the Everest Region

of Nepal. Kathmandu: IUCN Nepal.

Rogers, P.(1997). Tourism Development and Change in the Saharmatha national

parkand its Environs. A PhD dissertation, university of Wales Abersytyth, London.

Sagarmatha National Park (2006). Sagarmatha National Park Management and

Tourism Plan 2007-2012. Kathmandu: Sagarmatha National Park.

Shrestha, P.M. (2008). Historical Account of Planning to Develop Tourism in Nepal.

In R.P. Upadhyay (Ed.). Readings in Rural Tourism (pp. 209-218). Kathmandu:

Sunlight Publication.

Simmons, D. (1994). Community participation in tourism planning. Tourism

Management, 15(2), 98-108.

SNV/Nepal, ICIMOD. (2004). Developing Sustainable Communities, A Toolkit for

Development Practitioners. Kathmandu: ICIMOD.

Stevens, S.F. (1993). Claiming the High Ground: Sherpas, Subsistence, and

Environmental Change in the Highest Himalaya. New York: University of California


Press.

Thero, D.R. (2000). Lumbini: Past, Present and Future with Master Plan. Calcutta:

Maha Bodhi Society of India.

TRPAP (2003). Sustainable Tourism Development: The Policy and Regulations.

Kathmandu: Tourism for Rural Poverty Alleviation Programme (TRPAP).

UNEP/WTO (2005). Making Tourism More Sustainable: A guide for policy makers.

Madrid: UNWTO.

Upadhayaya, P.K. (2013). Ethical Aspects (Codes of Conduct) for Responsible

Tourism Management. In B.R. Upreti, P.K. Upadhayaya, and T. Sapkota (Eds.).

Tourism in Pokhara: Tourism in Pokhara: Issues, Trends and Future Prospects for

Peace and Prosperity (pp. 225- 250). Kathmandu: Pokhara Tourism Council, NCCR

North-South and Nepal Centre for Contemporary Research.

Upadhayaya, P.K., Khatiwada, S.S., Upreti, B.R. and Sapkota, T. (2013). Codes of

Conduct for Peace Responsive Tourism in Pokhara: A Manual. Kathmandu: Pokhara

Tourism Council, Nepal Tourism Board and NCCR North-South.

Upadhayaya, P.K., Khatiwada, S.S., Upreti, B.R., and Sapkota, T.R. (2013). Corporate

Social Responsibility Guidelines for Promoting Peace in Tourism Sector in Pokhara.

Kathmandu: Pokhara Tourism Council, Nepal Tourism Board and NCCR North-South.

Veal, A.J. (2002). Leisure and Tourism Policy and Planning. UK: CABI Publishing.

EvaluationScheme


Total 100%


French Language-II

Course Title French Language 11

Course code

Credit Hours 3

Course objective This course is designed for the students of Bachelor 2nd semester of Mountaineeringstudies, to extend their knowledge (who have already a basic knowledge)about thislanguage .This course is suitable for them to communicate more confidently(expressing , feelings, exchanging) opinions with the French speakers. At the end ofthis semester the students will be able to communicate both in written and spoken indifferent situation with their basic knowledge

Learning Unit – 1

Net Contact

Hours :8

Bien venu au Népal

Accents & pronunciations (revision)

Expressions of politeness , Number from 100 – 50, 000

Learning Unit – 2

Net Contact

Hours :8

Que dites vous ?

All articles in detail ( definite, indefinite , possessive, demonstrative , partitive)

Nouns (feminine & plural of nouns) , Negative form in detail

Learning Unit - 3

Net Contact

Hours :8

J’ai mal au ventre

Regular & irregular verbs and their conjugations .

Some useful expressions about the health by using the verb ’ avoir ‘ eg; j’ai mal à latête,J’ai mal au jambe etc

Learning Unit - 4

Net Contact

Hours : 8

Nous visiterons le village du montagne

Future Tense (simple)

Futur proche

Learning Unit – 5

Net Contact

Hours : 8

Hier , on a bu et dansé beaucoup

Past tense with ‘avoir’& ‘être’ , Prepositions

Usage of prepositions for the the country and place (article contracté à ,au , de , du )


Learning Unit - 6

Net Contact

Hours : 8

C’est loin ce endroit ?

Situational conversations :

Departure and arrival time Direction and distance How far is that place Where the place is located Occupation of local people

Total ContactHours:

48

Basic Text Books Verdelhn,Michel and Dominique Philippe(1982)Sans Frontiers 1-2 Paris:79,avenue Denfert-Rochereau, 75014

Bérard Évelyne,Carnier Yves ,Lacenne Christian (2004) Tempo Paris Ranjit,M and Singh M (2008) Apprenons le français1,2,3,4 Noida (u.p) Gottlieb Maurice, Beauvais Yannick,Belotchkine Maryse(1990) Bienvenu en

France Paris, Didier/ Hatier

Other References Nouschi Sylviane and Gandilhon Nicole (1991)French 40 lessons paris ,8 ruegarancier-75006

Mauger G . (1967) Cours de langue et de civilization français Paris ,79,Boulevard Saint-Germain

Gupta V , Gupta M, Ramchandran Usha (2007) Bon voyage ,Delhi ,GoyalW.R

Moys Alan (1989) France Extra ! England , by Jolly and Barbar Ltd,Rugby,Warwickshire

Evaluation

Scheme

In – semester 40%

End –semester 60%

Total 100%


Tourism Law

Course Title Tourism LawCourse CodeNumberCredit Hours 3Course Objective The course is designed to provide the students with the basic concepts and

functional knowledge on Law which can be seen as a commercial resource. Thiswill also helps to understand links of between tourism systems and Law mighthelp prevent of minimize negative impacts on a host culture occurring throughthe act of receiving tourists. At the end of the semester the students will be ableto assess the concept and practice of Nepalese hospitable tourism and the ethical;legal and regulatory aspects of Travel, Trekking and mountaineering.


Introduction to LawMeaning and Definition of Law, Nature of Law, Sources of Law, Kinds of Law,Meaning and Sources of Business Law Meaning and Principles of Tourism Law


Legal Environment of TourismIntroduction, Legal Environment of Tourism in Nepal, Major Tourism andMountaineering Policies of Nepal, Social, Cultural, Ethical, legal and RegulatoryAspects of Tourism, Cultural Dimension of Law, International convention,conference and obligations, Role of International Organizations.


Business Forms in TourismSole Trade Business, Partnership Business, Company Business, Registration ofRafting, Travel and Trekking Agency in Nepal, License and Royalty System


Law of ContractMeaning of Contract, Essential Elements of Valid Contract, Kinds of Contract,Performance and Termination of Contract, Special Forms of Contract in Travel,Trekking and Mountaineering Expedition, Breach of Contract, Remedy in Breachof Contract


Employment RelationIntroduction, Intake in Job, Facilities, Provision about Accident, Insurance andCompensation, Working Condition, Recruitment of Sardar, Mountain Guide,Trekking Guide, High altitude Worker, Base camp Worker, and Local Worker,Miss conduct and Punishment, Settlement of Labor Related Dispute, Safety andSecurity.


Regulatory Aspects of Trekking and Mountaineering Expedition in NepalGeneral procedure of Rafting, Travel, Trekking and Mountaineering Expedition inNepal, Terms and Conditions for the Expedition team, Obligations of the TeamLeader, Right, Duty and Function of the Liaison Officer, Sardar, Mountaineeringand Trekking Guide, Waste Management, National and International Customary


and Legislative Obligations.

Total contact Hours: 48

Basic Text Books Anolik, Alexander (2010) Travel and Tourism Law, San Francisco: NationalPublisher of Block Hill inc.

Atherton, Trevor, Atherton Trudie,(2010) Tourism, Travel and HospitalityLaw, Melbourne: Australia-Law Book Co.

Poustie,Mark, Rose, Jenifer, Goddess, Norman, Stewart William (1999)Hospitality and Tourism Law, London: International Thomson Business Press

Shukla, M.C. (1999) Mercantile Law, New Delhi: S. Chanda and Company, Kunwar, Ramesh Ra j(2012) Tourists and Tourism: Science and Industry

Interface, Kathmandu: Ganga Sen Kunwar

Other References MOCTA, (2008), Tourism policy of Nepal, Kathmandu: MOCTA MOCTA,(2006), Civil Aviation policy of Nepal, Kathmandu, MOCTA G.O.N.,(2011) Tourism Act 2035, Kathmandu: Law Book Management

Committee G.O.N., (2011), Contract Act 2056, Kathmandu: Law Book Management

Committee G.O.N.,(2011), Labor Act 2048, Kathmandu: Law Book Management

Committee G.O.N.,(2011) Labor Regulation 2049, Kathmandu: Law Book Management

Committee G.O.N., (2011), Company Act 2063, Kathmandu: Law Book Management

Committee G.O.N., (2011), Private Firm Registration Act 2014 , Kathmandu: Law Book

Management Committee G.O.N., (2011), Partnership Act 2020, Kathmandu: Law Book Management

Committee G.O.N., (2011), Mountaineering Expedition Regulation 2059, Kathmandu:

Law Book Management Committee G.O.N.,(2011), Travel and Trekking Agency Regulation2062, Kathmandu:

Law Book Management Committee

Evaluation Scheme In-Semester 40%End-Semester 60%Total 100%


Conflict ManagementCourse Title Conflict Management

Course CodeNumberCredit Hours 3Course Objective The course is designed to provide the students with the basic concepts on conflict, peace and

conflict management in South Asian Himalayan Region. The students will understand thedynamics of conflict and peace in relation with HinduKush Himalayan Region and be able toanalyze the political, ethnic, cultural, religious, economic and environmental factors for theemergence of conflict. At the end of the semester the students will be able to assess theconflict management, conflict resolution, peace tourism and development.


Introduction to Conflict and PeaceIntroduction to conflict, types of conflict, stages of conflict, sources of conflict, ConflictSensitivity Tools (DNH), global conflict trends and analysis, introduction to peace, historicalviews of peace, types of peace (positive and negative peace), violence, types of violence(structural, direct, symbolic, domestic and political), introduction to non- violence, PositivePeace Theory, Liberal Peace Theory and Conflict Transformation School


Political Conflict in South Asian RegionWar in Afghanistan: Soviet Occupation to the War on Terror, Internal conflicts in Pakistan,Chittagong Hill Tracts: Possible resolution after decades of destruction and loss of life,Prospects of Peace in Kashmir and India’s Northeast, Bhutan: Dynamics of Political andDemographic Change, Khampa Movement and Maoist Movement in Nepal, Conflict in SriLanka


Organizational ConflictAn introduction to organization, Types of organizations, Nature of conflict in organization,Modes of conflict, Analyzing conflict of organization: intrapersonal conflict, interpersonalconflict, intragroup conflict, intergroup conflict, defining conflict management, conflictmanagement style: integrating, obliging, dominating, avoiding, compromising, Disputesystem design, Unionism: positive and negative aspect, Conflict Resolution (Negotiation,Mediation, Facilitation, Indigenous and traditional Mechanisms of Conflict Resolution inNepal.


Natural Resource ConflictIntroduction to natural resources, types of natural resources, water, minerals, Viagra war(

Yarshagumba conflict), Himalayan Environmental Crisis ( Theory of Himalayan EnvironmentDegradation), Park and People Conflict: poaching, animal intervention, translocation (bufferZone)/ displacement, local people Vs government personnel conflict, animal terrorism, animaldestruction on crops, Causes of poverty and environmental destruction- conflict


Park and People Conflict in NepalProtected areas in the mountain environment and conflicts (Khaptad National Park, LangtangNational Park, Shey- Phoskundo National Park, Chitwan National Park, AnnapurnaConservation Area, Makalu- Barun National Park and Conservation Area Conflicts)

Learning Unit-6Net contact

Peace -TourismIntroduction to Peace Tourism, Impact of Conflict on Tourism and Hospitality Industry,


Hours: 8 Tourism and Crime, Safety and Security in Tourism, Concept of Peace -Tourism, Peace -Tourism Theories, Significance of Sustainable Peace- Tourism, Tourism RestorationMarketing, Media and its impact on tourism and peace

Total ContactHours:

48

Basic Text Boos Abu-Nimer et. al. (eds.) (2003) Positive Approaches to Peacebuilding: A Resource for

Innovators, Pact Publications.

Banskota, K and Sharma, B. (1995) Mountain Tourism in Nepal, Kathmandu: ICIMOD.

Beirman, D. (2003) Restoring Tourism Destinations in Crisis A Strategic Marketing

Approach, CABI Publishing.

Berger, S. and Brownell, J.(2012) Organizational Behavior for the Hospitality Industry,

Pearson.

Bhandari, K.(2012) Tourism or Conservation? A Controversy in Chitwan National Park,

Nepal. In Moufakkir, O and Burns,P. (eds.)(pp.229-241) Controversies in Tourism, CABI

International.

D’Amore, L. (2007) Tourism: The Global Peace Industry, World and I Innovative Approach

to Peace, pp. 64-73

Haaland, W.(2004) Dragon God of the Hindu Kush, Cammobody Publishers.

Ives, J.D. (2006) Himalayan Perceptions: Environmental Change and the Well- being of

Mountain Peoples, Kathmandu: Himalayan Association for the Advancement of Science

(HimAAS)

Kunwar, R.R. (2012) Tourists and Tourism: Science and Industry Interface, Kathmandu:

Ganga Sen (Kunwar).

Kunwar, R.R. (2012) Safety and Security in Tourism: A Study of Crisis and Disaster

Management. Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Education 2:58-83.

Moufakkir, O. & Kelly, I.(2010). Introduction- Peace and Tourism: friends not Foes. In Omar

Maufakkir and Ian Kelly (eds.) Tourism, Progress and Peace.(pp. xvi-xxxii). CAB

International

Pandey, N.N. (2009) New Nepal: The Faultlines, SAGE.

Rahim, A.M. (2001) Managing Conflict in Organizations, London:Quorum Books


Schirch, L. (2004) The Little Book of Strategic Peace building, Good Books

Margolis, E.S. (2000) War at the Top of the World, Routledge.

Nepal, S.K. and Weber, K.E.(1993) Struggle For Existence: Park-People Conflict in the

Royal Chitwan National Park, Nepal, Bangkok: Division of Human Settlements

Development, Asian Institute of Technology.

Smith, S. (1998) Allah’s Mountains, Tauris Park.

Thapa, B. (2009) Tourism in Nepal: Shangrilla’s Troubled Time. In Hall, C.M., Timothy, D.J.

and Duval, D.T. (eds.) Safety and Security in Tourism: Relationships, Management and

Marketing, Delhi: Jaico Publishing House.

Upadhayaya, P. (2009) Post Conflict Tourism in Nepal: Challenges and Opportunities for

Preventing Latent Conflict. The Gaze Journal of Tourism and Hospitality, 1(1):28-42.

Upadhayaya, P. (2012) Media with dual effects for peace image in politically toppled

destinations: A case study of Nepal. The Gaze Journal of Tourism and Hospitality, 4(1):50-

63.

Other References Buckley, R. (2006) Adventure Tourism, CABI.

Kaplan, R.D.(2012) The Revenge of Geography, Random House.

Michalko, G.J.(2009). Tourism Eclipsed by Crime. In C. Micheal Hall, Dallen J. Tomothy and

David Timothy Duval (eds.) Safety and Security in Tourism: Relationships, Management and

Marketing (pp. 159-172). Ahmedabad: Jaico publishing House.

Newstrom, J.W. and Davis, K. (2002) Organizational Behavior: Human Behavior at Work,

New Delhi: TATA Mcgraw-Hill Publishing Company.

Pandey, N.N. and Delinic, T. (eds.)(2012) Towards a More Cooperative South

Asia,Kathmandu: CSAS-KAS.

Pelfrey, W.V.(1998). Tourism and Crime: A Preliminary Assessment of the Relationship of

Crime to the Number of Visitors at Selected Sites. International Journal of Comparative and

Applied Criminal Justice. 22(2), 1-12.

Swarbrooke, J., Beard, C., Leckie, S. and Pomfret, G. (2003) Adventure Tourism The new

frontier, Butterworth, Heinemann.

Sarkar, S.K. and George, B.P. (2010) Peace Through Alternative Tourism: Case Studies From


Bengal, India. The Journal of Tourism and Peace Research, 1(1):27- 41.

Tarlow, P.E. (2009). Tourism safety and Security. In Tazim Jamal and Mike Robbinson (eds.)

The Sage Handbook of Tourism Studies (pp. 464-480). Sage Publication.

Tosi, H.L., Rizzo, J.R. and Carrol, S.J. (2000) Handbook of Organizational Behavior,

Blackwells.

Walmsley. D.J.,Boskovic, R.M.,& Pigram J.J.(1981). Tourism and Crime. Department of

Geography University of New England Armidale.

Faulkner, B. (2001). Towards a framework for tourism disaster management. TourismManagement, 22:135-147.

Barton, L. (1994). Crisis Management: Preparing for Managing Disasters. The Cornell Hoteland Restaurant Administration Quarterly, 35(2): 59-65.

Faulkner, B. & Vikulov, S. (2001). Katherine, Washed out one day, back on track the next: apost-mortem of a tourism disaster. Tourism Management, 22: 331-344.

Ritchie, B.W. (2004). Chaos, Crises and disasters: a strategic approach to crisis management

in the tourism industry. Tourism Management, 25: 659-683.

EvaluationScheme


Total 100%


Mountaineering: Fundamentals of Climbing

Course Title Mountaineering: Fundamentals of Climbing

Course CodeNumberCredit Hours 3Course Objective The course is designed to provide the students with the basic skills and techniques of

climbing mountains. At the end of the semester, the students will be able to gate knowledgeon high altitude climbing techniques.

Learning Unit-1Net ContactHours: 8

Alpine Rock Climbing and Rock Protection

Types of Rock Climbing , Gear , Climbing Skills ( Function of Eyes , Use of Footwork ,Loose Holds ), Face Climbing, Hand Holds , Down Pressure Mantel , Crack Climbing ,Combining Cracks and Face Climbing , Other Climbing Technique , Style and Ethics ,Natural Rock Protection , Fixed Protection ,Removable Protection , Building Skills ,Leading on Non – Technical Terrain and Leading Technical Climb , Planning The Route.The Principle of Step by Step and Personal Responsibility .


Belaying and Rappelling

Belaying _ Choose a Belay Spot , Leading and Following , Holding The fall , applyingFriction to the Rope , Belaying Technique , Using belay Devices , Types of Belay Devices ,Using Hip Belay , Anchors , Rope Handling , Communication , Self Belayed , Soloclimbing , Belaying in Sport Climbing , A Brief Introduction of Mountain Weather .

Introduction to Rappel System, Rappel Anchors, The Rope , Rappel Method , RappelTechnique , Multiple Rappels , Safety Backups , Retrieving the Rappel Rope


Aid Climbing

The Significance of Aid Climbing, Types of Aid Climbing, Aid-Climbing Equipment, AidPlacement , Basic Aid Techniques , Second Climbers ' Movement.


Snow Climbing

Introduction of Snow Climbing Equipment, Technique of Snow Climbing , Roped SnowClimbing Techniques, Route Finding Snow , Avalanche Safety , Avalanche Rescue, SafeSnow Travel, Seven Summits of Seven Continents: A Case Study of Dick Bass and FrankWells.


Fundamentals of Glacier Travel and Crevasse Rescue

A Brief Introduction of Glacier and Crevasses, Equipment of Glacier Travel , Fundamentalsof Fundamentals Travel , Crevasse Rescue , Response, Inside the Crevasse , Rescue


Methods, Special Rescue Situations , Paths to the Summit.


Alpine Ice Climbing

Introduction to Alpine Ice Climbing, Equipment, Technique of Alpine Ice Climbing , RopedClimbing Techniques , Waterfall Ice Climbing , Equipment, Mixed Climbing , Climbing inthe Winter Environment.

Case Studies

A Case Study of Mt. K2 of Pakistan, Mt. Annapurna 1st of Nepal, Mt Elbrus of Europe.

Total ContactHours:

48

Basic Text Books Buckley, R. (2006) Adventure Tourism, CABI.

Buckley, R. (2010) Adventure: Tourism Management, Elsevier.

Cooke, C., Bunting, D. and O’Hara, J.(Eds.)(2010) Mountaineering: Training andPreparation, Human Kinetics.

Cox, S.M. and Fulsaas , K. ( Eds. ) (2005) Mountaineering: The Freedom of the Hills,Seattle : The Mountaineers.

Gurung,H.(2004) Peaks and Pinnacles: Mountaineering in Nepal, Kathmandu: NepalMountaineering Association

Ives, J.D. (2006) Himalayan Perceptions: Environmental change and the well-being ofmountain people, Kathmandu: HimAAS.

Kunwar, R. R. (Co- author) (2002) Nepalese Climbers on Mt. Everest, Kathmandu: PemaChhanji Sherpa

Kunwar, R.R. (2012) Safety and Security in Tourism: A Study of Crisis and DisasterManagement. Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Education, Vol .2.

Kunwar, R. R .(2013) Nepal Himalayan Region :The Living Laboratory forMountaineering Education . Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Education, Vol .3.

Lee,S.(1991)The Alps, UK: B.T.Batsford Ltd.

Swarbrooke, J., Beard, C., Leckie, S. and Pamfret, G. (2003) Adventure Tourism: The NewFrontier, Butterworth/Heinemann.

UNEP and Conservational Internationals (2011) Tourism and Mountains: A Practical Guideto Managing the Environmental and Social Impacts of Mountain Tours, UNEP andConservational Internationals.

Unsworth , W .( 1992) Encyclopedia of Mountaineering , London : Hodder and Stoughton


Northhouse, P. G.(2010) Leadership: Theory and Practice, New Delhi : Sage

Sherpa, P.G. and Pat Falvey (2013). The Summit: How Triumph Turn to Tragedy on K2Deadliest Days, Dublin: Ireland.

Pomfret, G. (2006). Mountaineering Adventure Tourists: A Conceptual Framework ofResearch. Tourism Management, 27, pp.113-123.

Frohlick, S. (1999-2000). The "Hyper Masculine" Landscape of High AltitudeMountaineering. Masculinities, Vol. 14.

Bott, E. (2009). Big Mountain, Big Name: Globalised Relations of Risk in HimalayanMountaineering. Journal of Tourism and Culture Change, 7 (4), pp. 287-301.

Kane, M.J. and Tucker, H. (2004). Adventure Tourism: The Freedom to Play with Reality.Tourist Studies, 4(3) pp. 217-234.

Jansson, A. (2007). A Sense of Tourism: New Media and the Dialectic of Encapsulation /Decapsulation. Tourist Studies,7(1), pp. 5-24.

Beedie, P. and Hudson, S. Emergence of Mountain-Based Adventure Tourism. Annals ofTourism Research, 30(3), pp. 625-643.

Other References Messener, R (n.d.), All 14 Eight-Thousanders, Translated by Audrey Salkeld, The CrowoodPress.

Bonnington, C. (2003), Everest, London: Weidenfeld & Nicholson.

Bonnington, C. (2001), Annapurna South Face, New York: Adraneling.

Krakauer, J. (1998). Into Thin Air: A Personal Account of the Mount Everest Disaster,London: Pan Books.

National Geographic Society (1988) Mountain Worlds, Nepal Geography Society.

Pfetzer, M. and Galvin, J. (1998). Within Reach: My Everest Story, Penguin.

Salkeld, A. (1998) World Mountaineering, London: Reed Consumer Books.

Shipton, E. (1996), Mountain Conquest, New York: American Heritage Publishing.EvaluationScheme



Mountain Resource Management

Course Title Mountain Resource Management

Course CodeNumberCredit Hours 48Course Objective The course is designed to provide students with basic understanding and practical knowledge

on natural resources management that prevails in the mountains. This will also help studentsto understand links between mountain resources and tourism that ultimately leads to minimizenegative impacts of tourism on mountain natural resources. At the end of the semester,students will be able to assess the importance of mountain resources in order to developsustainable tourism in mountain regions


Mountain Resources Definition, types and scope Site specific uniqueness and endemism (forests, alpine meadows and rangelands,

water bodies, mountains, ethnicity and cultural practices, endemism and other naturalenvironment)

Consumption scenario of mountain resources (local to global) Resource conservation: Principle and individual role in resource conservation Management techniques of mountain resource conservation Land Resource Management Problems and issues of mountain resources


Land and Mineral ResourceLand resource:

Land resource and land use; Land classification: land capability, land suitability;

Land reform; Traditional management practices.

Mineral resource:

Introduction; Types of minerals. Mineral resource potential in Nepalese mountains; Mining practices and its impact on mountain environment (exploration,

transportation and uses).


Water Resource

Major sources of water; Glacier, River, Stream, Springs, Falls and Reservoirs. Existing water use; Water governance and conflict.

Water induced disaster in Nepal; Water scarcity and associated problems; Sustainable management of water resources; Rain water harvesting;

Learning Unit-4 Biological Resource:


Net contactHours: 8

Biological resource and biodiversity,

Biological resource of Nepal, Benefits from biological resources: Forest, agriculture, rangeland and wildlife, Threats and status of biological resource in the world and Nepal, Bio- piracyand bio- safety,

Opportunities of biodiversity conservation in Nepal,Learning Unit-5Net contactHours: 8

Food and Energy resource

Food and food habit in mountains Diverse food resource in mountain Alternative strategies of food security in the mountains (Multiple cropping, Home

gardens and food storage systems) Hydropower as a source of energy Alternative source of energy : Solar, wind and Biomass Management practices of food and energy


Human Resource and Indigenous Knowledge on Natural Resource Management

Population trend in the mountains Natural resources and community values in mountains

Concept of indigenous knowledge, knowledge systems and managementpractices:

Lekh, Gaon, Bensi system of ecosystem management ,

Terrace farming, Resource supplement (Parma) system, Indigenous practices of food storage, manure fermentation etc.

Water body conservation. Strategies to cope with the wet and arid mountain systems.

Himalayan Environmental Degradation Theory: Defining and redefiningmyth/dilemma, degradation, misconceptions, misleading perceptions anddistortions

Indigenous, traditional, local and scientific knowledge practices in Nepal;Total ContactHours:

48

Basic Text Books 1. Bhuju, U. R., P. R. Shakya, T. B. Basnet, S. Shrestha. 2007. Nepal BiodiversityResource Book: Protected Areas, Ramsar Sites, and World Heritage Sites. ICMOD,MoEST, GoN.

2. Chaudhary R.P. 1998. Biodivcersity in Nepal: Status and Conservation. TecpressBooks, Soi Wattanasilp, Pratunam, Bankok, Thailand.

3. Lekhak H.D. and Binod Lekhak, 2003. Natural Resource Conservation andSustainable Development in Nepal. Kshitiz Publication, Kirtipur, Kathmandu, Nepal.


Other References Rhoades, R.E.,2007. Listening to the Mountains. Kendall/Hunt Publishing Company.

Paudel, L.P., 2011. Nepalka Khanij Sampada: Ek Bishleshanatmak adhyayan (In Nepali).

Nepal Tourism Board. 2009. Natural Treasures of Nepal.

Gyawali D., 2001. Water in Nepal. Himal Books and Panos South Asia.

S. Rajbhandary and S. Ranjitkar. 2006. Herbal Drugs and Pharmacognosy: Monographs onCommercially Important Medicinal Plants of Nepal. Ethnobotanical Society of Nepal(ESON). Kathmandu.

Panday R Kumar, 1995. Development Disorders in the Himalayan Heights; Challenges andStrategies for Environment and Development. Ratna Pustak Bhandar, Nepal.Kunwar, Ramesh Raj, 2000. Himalayan Heritage: A study of society, culture, and religionof Nepal, Kathmandu: Laxhmi KunwarIves, J.D and Messerli B., 1989. The Himalayan Dilemma Reconciling Development andConservation. United Nations University, ROUTLEDGE London and New York.

Ives, J.D. (2006) Himalayan Perceptions: Environmental change and the well being ofmountain people, Kathmandu: HimAAS.

Sharma, Pitamber, 2000. Tourism as Development. Himal Books.

Peter B. Stone (Ed), 1995. The State of the World’s Mountains: A Global Report. Zed BooksLtd, London and New Jersey.

EvaluationScheme


Total 100%


Mountaineering: International Mountains

Course Title Mountaineering: International MountainsCourseCodeNumberCreditHours

3

CourseObjective

The course is designed to provide the students with the basic concepts and functionalknowledge on international mountains of different regions such as mountains of SouthAmerica, North America, Africa, Australia and Asia. At the end of the semester thestudents will have broad knowledge about the diverse structure of international mountains,their attractions in the world in relation with mountains, mountaineering, landscape,tourism and environment.


Mountains of South AmericaAndes Mountain Ranges- Ecuador, Bolivia, Peru, Chile, Argentina and Columbia


Mountains of North AmericaAlaska Range, Appalachian Mountains, Brooks Range, Coastal Mountains (US, Canada),Rocky Mountains ( US, Canada) and Sierra Madre ( Mexico)


European AlpsAlps of Central Europe, Western Alps, central Alps and Eastern Alps covering France,Switzerland, Italy, Germany, Austria and Yugoslavia, Caucasus Mountains( Ukraine),Kjolen Mountains(Norway), Pyranees ( France and Spain), Tauras Mountains ( Turkey),Thian Mountains ( Eastern Europe) and Ural Mountains ( Russia)


Mountains of AfricaAtlas Mountains ( Morocco and Algeria), Crystal Mountains ( Gabon, Congo, Zambia andAngola), Drakensburg Mountains ( South Africa), Mitumba Mountains ( Zambia)


A Brief Introduction to Some Mountains of Asia and Beyond

Altay Mountains( Mongolia), Tian Shan ( Tajikistan, Kirgizstan) , Zagros Mountains (Iran), Great Dividing Range ( Australia) Southern Alps ( New Zealand), HimalayanMountains ( Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Nepal, Tibet, China, Kashmir, Bhutan andMyanmar), Seven Summits of the Seven Continents: Aconcagua in South America, MountEverest of Asia, McKinley in North America, Kilimanjaro in Africa, Elbrus in Europe,Vinson in Antarctica, Kosciusko in Australia.

Notes: The students will prepare the notes and they should present the papers in theclassroom.


International Mountains and Mountain Guide Training Institutions

A Brief Introduction to International Mountains – North America – Rockies; , SouthAmerica – Andes; Europe – Alps; Africa – Atlas ; Asia – Altay; Oceania – Great DividingRange; South Asia- Himalayas; Role of UIAA, Mountaineering Code of 1982, NationalMountaineering Organizations: CMA, TMA, IMA and PMA, Mountain Guide TrainingInstitutes: IFMGA , BFMGA, NZMGA, AMI, NMA, NNMGA, Mountain Guide


Training in Nepal, Trekking Guide Training in Nepal, Liaison Officer Training in Nepal,The Mountaineering Rules and Regulation of Nepal , Interrelationship between ExpeditionMembers, Mountain Guides and Liaison Officer in the Expedition of Nepal. A BriefHistorical Development of Mountaineering in the World and Nepal, Prospects of Skiing inNepal Himalayan Region. A Theoretical Frame work of Mountaineering - Based Tourism,Quality accreditation of mountaineering services: institutions and processes.

TotalContactHours:

48

Basic TexBoos

National Geographic Society (1988). Mountain Worlds, National Geographic Society.Salked, A. (foreword by Chris Bonington) (1998). World Mountaineering, London: ReedConsumer Books.Lee, S. (1991). The Alps, Somerset, Great Britain: B.T. Batsford.Unsworth, W. (1992). Encyclopedia of Mountaineering, London: Hodder& Stoughton.East, P., Luger, K. & Inmann, K. (Eds.)(1998). Sustainability in Mountain Tourism, Delhi:Book Faith India & Studienverlag/Innsbruck- Vienna.United nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and Conservation International (2007).Tourism and Mountains, UNEP.Buckley, R. (2006). Adventure Tourism, Wallingford: CABI.Gurung, H. (2004). Peaks and Pinnacles Mountaineering in Nepal, Kathmandu: NepalMountaineering Association.

OtherReferences

Wilson, J. (2009). The Andes A Cultural History, Oxford: Oxford University Press.Buckley, R. (2010). Adventure Tourism Management, Amsterdam: Elsevier.Shipton, E. (1966). Mountain Conquest, London: Cassell.Pomfret, G. (2006). Mountaineering Adventure Tourists: A Conceptual Framework ofResearch. Tourism Management, 27, pp.113-123.Frohlick, S. (1999-2000). The "Hyper Masculine" Landscape of High AltitudeMountaineering. Masculinities, Vol. 14.Bott, E. (2009). Big Mountain, Big Name: Globalised Relations of Risk in HimalayanMountaineering. Journal of Tourism and Culture Change, 7 (4), pp. 287-301.Kane, M.J. and Tucker, H. (2004). Adventure Tourism: The Freedom to Play with Reality.Tourist Studies, 4(3) pp. 217-234.Jansson, A. (2007). A Sense of Tourism: New Media and the Dialectic of Encapsulation /Decapsulation. Tourist Studies,7(1), pp. 5-24.Beedie, P. and Hudson, S. Emergence of Mountain-Based Adventure Tourism. Annals ofTourism Research, 30(3), pp. 625-643.

EvaluationScheme



High Altitude Hospitality

Course Title High Altitude Hospitality

Course CodeNumberCredit Hours 3Course Objective This course is designed to address the emerging need of tourism and hospitality

studies in high mountain trekking routes. After the completion of the course, thestudents will be able to understand the basic concept of hospitality and its applicationwith visitors and customers in high altitude areas where there is always a limitation ofman, material and mechanisms. This course will address the emerging need of basicservices in high altitude areas for the better experience of trekkers and mountaineers.


Introduction to Hospitality

Defining and Describing Hospitality, Semantic and Evidential Definitions, Historicaland Modern Concept of Hospitality, From Hosts to Guests to Hosting and GuestingDimensions of Hospitality, Hospitality as Social Domain, Hospitality as PrivateDomain, Hospitality as Commercial Domain, Hospitality as Social and EconomicExchange, Hospitality as Social Control, Hospitality and Gender, Hospitality andEthics, Hospitality: The Industrial Context, Venue Context, Corporate Context,Hospitality Management, Critical Hospitality Management and Emotional Labour.


Nepalese Hospitality

A Brief Introduction to Nepalese Hospitality, The Sherpas, Tamangs, Gurungs andThakalis, Green practices in mountain huts, High mountain hut chains, Introduction toNepalese Food and Drinks, Ethno-food (Sherpa, Newar and Tharu Food).


Food Preparation in High Altitude

Commercial Hospitality, Fooding at lodges in the mountain, Fooding during trek,Fooding at Base Camp, Fooding in High altitude advance camp, Kitchen and serviceequipments used in high altitudes, Alternative strategies of food security/storage inhigh mountains, Menu cycling and pricing at high altitude, Food poison andpreventions, Basic hygiene.


Food and Beverage service in High Altitude

Types of general applied services in high altitude, Tolerance level of employees,Service gap analysis, Service life cycle analysis, Complaint Handling, Basicknowledge of etiquettes for service providers.


High Altitude Human Requirements

Physiological needs, Psychological needs, Geographical needs, Biological needs,Emotional need.


Alpine Food and Wine

French Alpine food and wine, Swiss Alpine food and wine, Italian Alpine food andwine, German Alpine food and wine, Austrian Alpine food and wine, Yugoslav


Alpine food and wineTotal ContactHours:

48

Basic Text Books Lee .S. (1991) The Alpes, London:Bulter and Tanner

Kunwar, R.R. (1989) Fire of Himal an Anthropological Study of the Sherpas of NepalHimalayan Region, Jaipur: Nirala Publication.

Kunwar,R.R.(2011b)Special Interest Tourism: A Study of Growing Significance ofFood Tourism. The Gaze Journal of Tourism and Hospitality, Kathmandu: IST, 3(1).

Kunwar,R.R.( 1984)Nepalese Society , Liquor and Culture, Ancient Nepal,Kathmandu: Department of Archaeology: No.81.pp.3-31.

Kunwar,R.R.(2012) Tourists and Tourism : Science and Industry Interface,Kathmandu: Ganga Sen Kunwar.

Swarbooke , J. and . Horner . S . (2007) Consumer Behaviour in Tourism ,Butterworth / Heinemann.

Bell , D .( 2009) Tourism and Hospitality.In: Jamal, T. and Robinson, M. (Eds.) TheSAGE Handbook of Tourism Studies (PP. 19-34), SAGE.

Kanskar, N. H. (1994). Nepali Kitchens, Kathmandu: Dorothy Miller

Olsen, M (2003). Hospitality Research and Theories. A Review.In: Lockwood, A. andMedlik, S.(Eds.) Tourism and Hospitality in the 21stCentury ( PP-82-93) Elsevier.

Pathak , J. ( 2011). Taste of Nepal . New Delhi: Adarsha Books.

Ratna Pustak Bhandar ( 2007). Cooking in Nepal , Kathmandu: Ratna Pustak Bhandar.

March , C . S . (1987). Hospitality: Women and the Efficacy of Beer . Foods andFoodways ,Vol . 1. Harwood Academic Publishers , PP . 351 – 387

Lowdin , P. (1998). Food , Ritual and Society : A Study of Social Structure and FoodSymbolism among the Newars, Kathmandu:Mandala Book Point.

Lashley, C. and Morrison, A. (Eds.) (2000). In Search of Hospitality TheoreticalPerspectives and Debates, Oxford: Butterworth/Heinemann.

German Molz, J. and Gibson, S. (Eds) (2007). Mobilizing Hospitality The Ethics ofSocial Relations in a Mobile World, Aldershot: Ashgate.

Lashley,C., Lynch,P.A.and Morrison, A.(Eds.) (2007). Hospitality: A SocialLens,Oxford:Elsevier.

Wood, R.C. (2013). Key Concepts in Hospitality Management, London: Sage.

References: Khare, R.S.(1993).Indian Hospitality, Aspects of Cultural Models, Meaning andUse.In:Bhat, C. , Kachekar, L.N. and Rao, N.R.(Eds.) Sociology of Development andChange ( PP. 229-256) Orient Longman.


Lynch, P., GermannMolz, J. McIntosh, A. Lugosi, P. And Lashley, C. (2011).Theorizing Hospitality. Hospitality and Society,1 (1) ,pp 3-24.

Brotherton, B.and Wood, R.C.(Eds.) (2008). Sage Handbook of HospitalityManagement, London: Sage.

Regmi, R.(1999). Dimensions of Nepali Society and Culture, Kathmandu: SAANInstitute.

Lugosi, P., Lynch, P. and Morrison, A. (2009).Critical hospitality managementresearch. The Service Industries Journal 29 (10) pp. 1465-1478.

Bell, D. (2009). Tourism and Hospitality. In Journal, T. and Robinson, M. (eds.). TheSage Handbook of Tourism Studies (pp.19-34), London: Sage

Stattery, P. (2002) Finding the Hospitality Industry.Journal of Hospitaltiy, Leisure,Sport andTourism Education, 1 (1), pp. 19-27); www. Hist.itsn.ac.uk/ohlste

McIntosh, A.J. , Lynch, P. and Sweeney, M. (2010) “My Home is My Castle”.Defiance of the Commercial Homestay Host in Tourism.Journal of TravelResearch.pp. 1- 11.

Hall, C . M , Sharples , L , Mitchell , R . Macionis , N . ( Eds.)(2003) Food Tourism .around the world development management and markets , Butterworth/Heinemann.

Sidali , K.L., Spiller, A. and Schulze , B . ( Eds.) (2011) Food , Agriculture andTourism Linking Local Gastronomy and Rural Tourism. InterdisciplinaryPerspectives, Springer – Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.Negi, J. (1997) Professional Hotel Management, S Chand and Company, IndiaBernard D. and Sally S. (Eds.) (2012) Food and Beverage Management, ProfessionalPublishing Pvt. Ltd, Linacre house, oxford.

Fernandez Percy, Hospitality, (29th April 2013), Hospitality at Base campwww.http.utmc.ut.ac.ir/PDFs/Info/FOOD/1.pd, High Altitude Food NutritionChristopher L, Jochen W, and Jayant C (2007), Services marketing, people,Technology and Strategy, Pearson , India

EvaluationScheme



Human Resource ManagementCourse Title Human Resource Management

Course CodeNumberCredit Hours 3Course Objective The main objective of this course to familiarize students with the concepts and practices of

human resource management. This course provides an overview of the fundamentals of HRMon an organization. The course will focus primarily on six major areas: Introduction to HRM,Job Design and Analysis, Human Resource Planning, Recruitment, Selection andSocialization, Human resource Development, Performance Evaluation and CompensationManagement.


Introduction to HRMConcept, Developments in HRM Concepts, The Rising Interest in HRM, HRM Environment,Organizational outcomes of HRM, HR challenges, Characteristics of HRM, PersonnelManagement vs. HRM, Strategic Role of HRM.


Job Design and AnalysisConcept of Job Design, Approaches, Impact of Job Design, Concept of Job Analysis,Purposes of Job Analysis, Methods for collecting Job Analysis Information, Job AnalysisTechniques, Writing Job Descriptions and Specification.


Human Resource Planning (HRP)Concept, HRP Process, Human Resource Information System, Relationship between HRP andStrategic Planning, Techniques of Forecasting HR Demand and Supply, Managing HumanResource Surplus, HRP practices in Nepalese Organizations.


Recruitment, Selection and SocializationConcept, Methods and Sources of Recruitment, Recruitment Process, Concept of EmployeeSelectionProcess of Selection, The Selection Interview, Selection Tests, Limitations of InterviewConcept and Process of Socialization.


Human Resource Development- and Training and DevelopmentConcept of Human Resource Development (HRD), Need for HRD, Training andDevelopment-Concept, Determining Training Needs, On-the-Job and Off-the-Job Trainingand Development Techniques, Evaluation of Training, Practices of Training in NepaleseOrganizations.


Performance Evaluation and Compensation ManagementConcept of Performance Evaluation and Compensation, Types of Compensation,Consideration for Determining Compensation, Job Evaluation Process and Methods,Employee Benefits, Types of Benefits, The Legal Environment and Pay System Governancein Nepal.

Total Contact 48


Hours:

Basic Tex Boos Decenzo, D.A. Fundamentals of HRM, Wiley. Dessler, G. and Varkkey, B, Human Resource Management, Pearson. Adhikari, D.R. Human Resource Management, Buddha Publication.

Other References Bernardin J.H. , Human Resource Management : An Experiential Approach,McGraw-Hill

Cascio, W. Managing Human Resources, McGraw-Hill. Armstrong, M. A Handbook of Human Resource Management , Aditya Books

EvaluationScheme


Total 100%


Service Quality Management

Course Title Service Quality Management


knowledge on Service Quality Management. Upon completion of the course the students willbe able to:

Understand the key concepts in Service Quality management in Tourism, Hospitalityand leisure industry

Understand the special features of Quality system in Tourism and Hospitality service. Analyze and plan the Tourism and hospitality Quality management System.


An introduction of Quality Management Concept of quality and Historical Development of the Quality Movement, Concept of Total quality Management, Quality costs, and Quality cost measurement, Utilizing quality costs for decision making Quality theories – Deming, Juran and Crosby


Managing Quality in Service organizations Organizing and implementing TQM. Small group, employee involvement, and Teams for TQM Quality circles – concept, evolution, features, roles and limitations. Statistical Concept for quality: central tendency, dispersion, population & samples,

and normal curvesLearning Unit-3Net contactHours:08

Quality Management Tools and Techniques Quality improvement techniques – Pareto Diagram, Cause and effect Diagram, Scatter

diagram, Run Charts and the concept of Control Charts for Variables ISO 9000 – Concepts and Certification Requirements. Six Sigma.

Learning Unit-4Net contactHours:08

Understanding Quality in leisure, Hospitality and Tourism Services Malcolm Balridge Quality Award – concept, eligibility, criteria, categories, and

evolving Standards. Concept of Tourism, Hospitality and Leisure product and Service The Leisure and Tourism Product, Quality as a Goal and the Consumer Perception & Dimensions of Service Quality, Objective & Continuum of Service, and

Total Service commitmentLearning Unit-5Net contactHours:08

Designing Quality in Leisure, Hospitality and Tourism Services Concepts of Quality in Leisure & Tourism, Customer Satisfaction and Experience Unique Characteristics of Tourism, Hospitality and Leisure Services Service Design and Impact of People, Process and Physical Evidence on Tourism,

Hospitality and Leisure Service Quality Understanding the role of the service encounter in Tourism, Hospitality and Leisure

Service: Social interaction, Service encounters, Encounter Management



Achieving or Delivering Quality in Leisure, Hospitality and Tourism Services Capacity Management and Organizational Performance in service quality Quality and Culture Change Quality Management Systems Quality and Resource Management

Total ContactHours:48Basic Text Books Jay Kandampully, Conniee Mok, Beverley Spark,(2009)- Service Quality

Management in Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure, The Howorth Hospitality PressNY,13904-1580.

Mitra, A. (2005). Fundamentals of Quality Control and Improvement. Prentice Hall ofIndia.

Christine Williams, John Buswell.-(2003)-Service quality in leisure and tourism,CABI Publishing CAB International Wallingford Oxon OX10 8DE UK

Other References Evans, J. R., & Lindsay, M. W. (2005). The Management and Control of Quality.Thomso-Southwestern.

Summers, D. C. (2010). Quality . Prentice Hall. The Lean Six Dave Rowlands-2005-Sigma Pocket Toolbook: A Quick Reference

Guide to 100 Tools for Improving Quality and Speed. Connie Mok (Author), Beverley Sparks (Author), Jay Kadampully - Service Quality

Management in Hospitality, Tourism, and Leisure David L.Goetsch, Stanley Davis –(2005) Quality Management (5th Edition) David L. Goetsch , Stanley Davis-(2005)-Quality Management for Organizational

Excellence: Introduction to Total Quality (7th Edition)

EvaluationScheme


Total 100%