new gerunds and infinitives
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GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES
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GERUNDS
Gerund is the –ing form of a verb used asa noun.
To form gerunds, use the base form + ing
Example : I enjoy learning English
To form negative gerunds, usenot + gerund
Example : Not speaing English !ell is mybiggest problem in this "ountry
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Gerund#s positions in a senten"e
$. Gerunds used as subje"t of thesenten"e
Example : Traveling might satisfy yourdesire for ne! experien"es.
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%. Gerunds used as obje"ts
Example : They do not appre"iate my
singing.
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3. Gerund as object of preposition
Example : &e#s ex"ited about playingtennis.
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By + gerund
Example : 'ou get good grades bystudying hard.
Go + gerund
Example : I !ill go (shing !ith you
tomorro!.
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INFINITIVES In(nitives is to ) the simple form of a
verb. To form in(nitives use
to + base form of the verb
Example : I !ant to dan"e.
To form negative in(nitives use
Not + innitive
Example : &e de"ided not to go to the party.
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In(nitive#s positions in asenten"e
$. In(nitives in the subje"t position
Example : To live in the *nited +tatesis my dream.
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%. In(nitive of purpose
Example : I "ame here in order tolearn.
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Too ) adje"tive or adverb )
in(nitive
Example : !he is too young tovote.
dje"tive or adverb ) enough )
in(nitive
Example : "hey are old enough to
vote.
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#$%%E&EN'E! (% GE&)N# *N#$N%$N$"$E
,.
Gerunds often follo! verbs that indi"ate thatan a"tion is happening or has happened.
The a"tion expressed by the verb "omes at
the same time or after the a"tion expressedby the gerund.
Example : -e enjoy going to "on"erts.
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$nnitives often follo! verbs thatindi"ate that an a"tion !ill or "ould
happen.
The a"tion expressed by the verb
"omes before the a"tion expressed bythe in(nitive.
Example : -e hope to go to the"on"ert.
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%. erbs that are follo!ed by a noun phrase )in(nitive "an also be follo!ed by a gerund.
The gerund maes it general and thein(nitive mae spe"i(" the personindi"ated.
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Example :
$. They allo! smoing in this building.
They allo!ed me to smoe in thisbuilding.
%. I lie "ooing.I lie to "oo.
/. +he started losing !eight+he started to lose !eight.
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/.
-hen a spe"i(" performer of the gerunda"tion needs to be indi"ated, a possessivenoun or a possessive determiner is used.
Example :I really appre"iate 0aren#s1her !riting thatletter for me.
2eter#s1his "oming late really annoys me.
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-.-hen an in(nitive fun"tions as a subje"t,
any stated subje"t of the in(nitive shouldbe pre"eded by for. If a pronoun follo!s
for, it must be in obje"t form.
-hen the subje"t of a gerund is stated, it
taes the possessive form.
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Example :
,. 3or people to see is a !onderfulgift.
. &er desire !as for them to tae atrip around the !orld
3. They hoped for her to be able toattend the "on"ert
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