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TRANSCRIPT
New Holland Tier IV Solutions
• Emissions History
• New Holland Emission Solutions
• Research and Development
• New Holland Engines
• Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR)
• Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF)
• Cooled Exhaust Gas Recirculation/Diesel Particulate Filter (CEGR/DPF)
• Under 100 HP Applications
Agenda
Emission History
• Since 1996 Emission targets have been set by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in the United States, (CEPA) in Canada and by the (EU) in Europe.
• The primary focus for these targets are the reduction of Nitrogen Oxide (NOx) and Particulate Matter (PM).
• The reduction in PM and NOx is being implemented using a two prong approach. The first step is /Tier 4a and the second step is Tier 4b.
• Tier 4b in 2014 mandates a 90% reduction in PM and NOx over today's current Tier 3 regulations.
Particulate Matter (PM) – is mainly
composed of small carbon particles and
other toxic substances created during
incomplete fuel burning process, i.e. low
combustion temperature.
When inhaled repeatedly, the small
particles in diesel exhaust may
aggravate asthma and allergies or cause
other serious health problems including
lung cancer.
Source EPA website
Particulate Matter
Emission History
NOx – Nitrogen Oxides are the main
cause of acid rain and ozone layer
reduction. At high combustion
temperatures (usually above 2912°F),
Nitrogen (N2) and Oxygen(O2)
combine and react producing Nitrogen
Oxides (NOx) .
Nitrogen Oxides
Emission History
Emissions History
Compliance Effective Dates
Horsepower
Categories
Category One
Category Two
Category Three
Emissions History
175-750HP Chart Shown
Emissions History
During the combustion process within an engine, the chemical energy is transformed in to mechanical energy.
Due to the impurity of fossil fuel during this combustion process several toxic substances are produced. These substances are primarily: Carbon Monoxide (CO), Hydrocarbons (HC), Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) and Particulate Matter (PM).
The primary focus is on the reduction of Nitrogen Oxides (NOx) and Particulate Matter (PM).
Play Animation
9
Adjusting For Emissions
SCR CEGR/DPF
g/k
Wh
Fuel Consumption
Engine Adjustment
Particulate Matter
(PM)
Nitrogen Oxides
(NOx)
Adjusting For Emissions - SCR Solution
PM
(g/k
Wh
)
0.2
NOx (g/kWh)42.0
Tier4iTier4
0.4
0.02
Optimized combustion produces a high quantity of NOx and a very reduced amount of PM.
Consumption is reduced.The post-treatment system reduces NOx
Starting point – Current Tier
3 vehicle
Adjusting For Emissions - CEGR
Solution
PM
(g/k
Wh
)
0.2
NOx (g/kWh)
Starting point – Current Tier
3 vehicle
42.0
Tier4iTier4
0.4
0.02
Diesel Particulate filter
(DPF)
The exhaust gas recirculation system reduces combustion temperature, lowering the production of NOx but increasing the particulate levels
The level of PM is reduced usually using filter systems in the exhaust
Questions?
Emissions History
Research and Development
17 Plants
a network of dealers in
over 100 countries
14 R&D centres
FPT is one of the worlds largest engine manufactures
Last year FPT built 2.6 million engines
FPT employs over 19,000 employees
Over 100,000 SCR engines have been built since 2006.
Global Presence
Research and Development
FPT Engine Partner
Mobile and Stationery industrial,
Material Handling
MEDIUM & HEAVY DIESEL ENGINE FAMILIES APPLICATIONS
F5C, Nef, Cursor Agricultural
Construction Equipment
F1A, F1C, F5C, Nef,
Cursor, Vector
Power Generation
Marine
RailwayVector
F5C, Nef, Cursor
F5C, Nef,
Cursor, Vector
F1C, Nef,
Cursor, Vector
Extensive Research and Development Conducted in Burr Ridge IL
New State of the Art engine test labs
Committed to Cutting Edge Technology
Ensuring the Highest Level of Quality
Research and Development
6.7L 8.7L 12.9L
125 hp – 230 hp 235 hp – 350 hp 400 hp – 500 hp
550 hp – 600 hpTwo Stage Turbo
New Holland Tier IV SCR Engines
Questions?
New Holland Tier IV SCR Engines
Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR)
• SCR (Selective Catalytic Reduction) – Reduces NOx by injecting DEF (DEF-Diesel Exhaust Fluid) into the exhaust stream.
20
SCR Components
DEF Tank - Size dependent on application. Contains Heating element, Fluid level indicator and Temperature sensor.
Supply Module - Supplies DEF from tank to SCR injector. Manages pressure and quantity to SCR injector.
SCR Injector - Injects and meters DEF into exhaust stream.
SCR Chamber – DEF mixes with exhaust gas and reacts with catalyst in SCR chamber. This is where the chemical reactions takes place.
FPT Engine – Developed for Tier 4 and optimal combustion chamber performance.
NOx Sensor– Senses the amount of NOx leaving the SCR Chamber.
Exhaust gases leave turbo outlet and travel to DEF Injector location.
DEF Supply Module maintains constant supply of fluid to DEF injector.
DEF injector supplies a light mist of fluid into exhaust stream.
DEF vaporizes in exhaust stream and converts to ammonia and carbon dioxide. (The basic elements of DEF).
Exhaust, ammonia, and carbon dioxide pass into the SCR chamber.
In the SCR Chamber the carbon dioxide is neutralized and the ammonia reacts with NOx.
During the reaction harmless nitrogen vapor and water vapor is released thorough the exhaust pipe.
Play Animation
Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR)
SCR engines breath cool clean fresh air which gives:
Improved Power and Torque Increased Engine Power Management output Lower fuel consumption Reduced overall operating cost Does not require costly fuel additives Breathability
Why New Holland chose SCR?
Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR)
Questions?
Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR)
Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF)
DEF - sometimes known simply by the name of its active component, urea, is a key
component of selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems. DEF is a liquid reducing
agent that reacts with engine exhaust in the presence of a catalyst to convert smog-
forming nitrogen oxides (NOx) into harmless nitrogen and water vapor.
DEF is a solution consisting of high purity urea (pure urea is solid at room
temperature) dissolved and suspended within de-mineralised water. The ratio of
the mix is approximately 32.5% urea and 67.5% water.
The reason for the 32.5% solution is that it provides the lowest freeze point. If the
DEF should freeze, the urea and water will thaw at the same rate, ensuring the
solution does not become diluted.
The urea used in the agriculture market is not as pure as the urea used in
production of DEF. Ag urea contains a formaldehyde coating to prevent caking or
solidifying of the urea.
Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF)
Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF)
DEF Characteristics:
Non-Toxic
Non-polluting
Non-flammable
Non-hazardous
Stable
Colorless
DEF has about the same alkalinity as Baking Soda.
Storage
Unlike with diesel fuel storage tanks, there is no need to have a containment area for spills.
DEF properly stored can be expected to last around 36 months.
The freezing point of DEF is -11°C (12°F).
Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF)
Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF)
2.5Gallon
275 / 330 GallonTote
55 GallonDrum
From September it will be available from the New Holland dealer network through CNH Parts & Service,
as well as from an extensive distribution network (www.finddef.com)
New Holland dealers will also supply all of the appropriate DEF handling equipment that is needed for
transporting , storing and dispensing DEF.
There are three common containers that DEF will be available in, and bulk storage options for large
scale farms.
Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF)
Questions?
Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF)
Exhaust Gas Recirculation/Diesel Particulate Filter
CEGR DPF
Two Systems One Application
32
CEGR Components
EGR Valve- Controls the amount of exhaust gas that is diverted back into the engine.
EGR Cooler- Cools exhaust gas before entering the combustion chamber.
Engine- Tuned for low NOx formation in combustion chamber.
CEGR/DPF
ECU
Intake air
humidity
sensor
Air
Filter
EGR
cooler
EGR
Control
Valve
Play Animation
CEGR/DPF
ECU
Air
FilterIntake air
humidity sensor
Temperature
Sensor
Differential
Pressure Sensor
Temperature
Sensor
DP
F
DO
C
Diesel Oxidation
CatalystFilter
Element
DPF
Accumulated Ash
Play Animation
Why Not CEGR for High Horsepower Engines?
Heat generated from CEGR cooler has a major impact on cooling system and vehicle design.
Significant reduction in horsepower per cubic inch compared to SCR.
Additional turbo charging and/or increased engine sizes to maintain the same horsepower as SCR.
More components which adds to complexity of engine.
Oil life is shorten by exhaust gas being placed in the engine
DPF fills up fast if low fuel quality fuel is used (low sulphur fuel is required).
Very high 600-700°C (1112-1292°F) maximum exhaust system temperatures during regeneration.
Must use low ash oil that is formulated for DPF systems.
Filter must be cleaned when restricted approximately every 10 hours depending on operating conditions.
Fuel consumption approximately doubles during regeneration.
DPF must be removed and cleaned with special machine or replaced.
CEGR/DPF
Questions?
CEGR/DPF
Why EGR on below 100hp?
Fuel savings on a 31hp is not as significant as on a 500 hp application.
The emission standards are not as strict on below 100 hp applications.
The size of the components is much smaller and easier to service.
The cost of the filter is much less on a low horsepower application.
Below 100 hp Applications
39
NH Tier 4 Solutions - Two Technologies
Cooled Exhaust Gas Recirculation/
Diesel Particulate Filter
Selective Catalytic
Reduction
SCR
CEGR/DPF
CEGR/DPF
SCR
Power (HP)
Op
era
tor
Co
st
Questions?
Below 100 hp Applications
All of the following statements are true regarding SCR EXCEPT which of the following?
A. Requires the use of Diesel Exhaust FluidB. Allows the engine to run at optimal combustion pointC. Has higher fuel savings than CEGR/DPFD. Requires the use of larger engine coolers.
Knowledge Check
Question One
All of the following statements are true regarding CEGR/DPF EXCEPT which of the following?
A. Does not require the use of Diesel Exhaust Fluid.B. Requires the use of a Diesel Oxidation Catalyst.C. Has higher fuel savings than SCR.D. Requires the use of larger engine coolers.
Knowledge Check
Question Two
True or False? If the DEF solution freeze while on a tractor, the tractor will have derate power until the tank thaws.
A. TrueB. False
Knowledge Check
Question Three
True or False? Common Rail Fuel Injection improves cold weather starting.
A. TrueB. False
Knowledge Check
Question Four
True or False? New Holland dealers will carry all DEF equipment that is needed to support customers.
A. TrueB. False
Knowledge Check
Question Five