new horizon college english unit 9: section a looking to the 21st century

New Horizon College English

Unit 9: Section AUnit 9: Section A

Looking to the 21st Century

Part IV: Topic-related Further Learning

Part III: Exercises

Part I: Pre-reading Activities

Background Information

Vocabulary

Part II: Text Learning

Text Analysis:A: Main Ideas

Language Points

Some Recommended Books, Passages and

Websites.

B: Devices of Developing

Structure

Translation

Story Summary

Text Structure Analysis

Structured Writing

Warm-up Exercises

Warm-up Exercises

Directions: Look at the pictures of the future and then discuss the topics as follows:

1) In the eyes of yours, what is the future like?

2) Whether can modernization in the future change the people’s lives?

Warm-up Exercises

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Warm-up Exercises


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The Futurist: a bimonthly magazine of predictions, it focuses on trends and developments that are likely to have a major impact on the way we will live in the years ahead, and informs its readers about possible future developments in technology, lifestyles, business, government, the economy, and other areas. Readers are well educated and influential leaders in business, government, and academe. The Futurist has been published since 1967 by the World Future Society, a non-profit scientific and educational organization that acts as a neutral clearinghouse and forum for people and organizations interested in the future.


The World Future Society, located in Maryland, produces five publications, manages a bookstore, its web site and its membership of over 30,000. It is a not-for-profit organization for educators and scientists interested in how social and technical developments shape the future.

Text Analysis:A: Main Ideas

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Main Idea of the text:

The author looks into the 21st century from eight different angles of view and predicts the important roles computers will play.

Text Analysis: Devices of Developing

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列举法 Listing

1) Your future(Para.1-4)— built through what we do and what we do not do.

2) Your brain(Para.5-8) — checked by computers to see whether you are busy, tired or doing your work properly.

3) Your doctor (Para.9-11) — will use

visual information from computers

for diagnosis treatment.

引证法 Citation

演绎法 Deduction

Listing 列举法


4) Your car (Para.12-16) — almost entirely controlled by computers.

5) The computer-home (Para.17-21) — will enable essential household services to be done by computers, such as cooking, security, shopping.

6) The workplace (Para.22-27) — one of the most widespread changes with increases in information and knowledge-based businesses.

Listing 列举法

7) The environment(Para.28-31) — will draw more and more of concern from governments and businesses for the sake of their survival.

8) Your health(Para.32-35) — will change from fashion and hobby for a few to official policy for many businesses and governments.


Listing 列举法


Citation 引证法To support his arguments, the

author cites Edward Cornish (Para. 3 and 4) , Psychologist Arthur F. Kramer’s test (Para.7), London (Para. 30) and the United States, Germany (Para.31) as cases in point.

( Part I , Part II and VII for details )

Deduction 演绎法


For the further development of such subtopics as “Your Car”, “The Computer-Home”, “The Workplace”, and “Your Health”, the author employs the device of Deduction, by which he makes a logical combination of the general with the specific.

(Parts IV,V,VI, and VIII for details)

Main idea: the author looks into the 21st century from eight different angles of the view and predicts the important roles computers will play.


Part I (para. 1-4)

Part Ⅱ(para. 5-8)

Part Ⅲ (para. 9-11)

Part Ⅴ (para. 17-21)

Part Ⅵ (para. 22-27)

Part Ⅳ(para. 12-16)

Part Ⅶ (para. 28-31)

Part Ⅷ (para. 32-35)

Our actions today determine our future.


Part I (para. 1-4)

Part Ⅱ(para. 5-8)

One’s brainwaves can be checked to measure one’s work quality.

Part Ⅲ (para. 9-11)

Doctors will use computers to diagnose the disease.

Your car will be almost entirely controlled by computers.


Part Ⅳ(para. 12-16)

Part Ⅴ (para. 17-21)

Part Ⅵ (para. 22-27)

Computers will become essential to home life.

The changing face of work and the workplace is one of the most widespread influences in western society.

.

More and more people turn their attention to environmental protection.


Part Ⅶ (para. 28-31)

Part Ⅷ (para. 32-35)

Physical fitness and healthy lifestyles have changed from fashion and hobby for a few to official policy for many businesses and governments.

Text Analysis: Language Points

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1. The future does not determine itself. The actions of the present determine the future. (Para. 2)

Meaning: The future is not determined by itself but by the actions we take today.

2. … that the future is not something imposed upon us by fate... (Para. 4)

impose on (upon): force on; place on Parents should not impose their own tastes on their children. 父母不应该将自己的爱好强加给孩子。

3. … or other forces beyond our control. (Para. 4)

beyond: prep. outside the limits ofbeyond our power 非我们力所能及的beyond doubt 毫无疑问beyond compare 无以伦比的


4. The responsibility we have for the future begins when we recognize that we ourselves create the future. (Para. 4) 当我们认识到创造未来的正是我们自己，我们也就由此开始肩负起了对未来的责任。The responsibility sb. has/takes/assumes/shoulders f

or sb./sth. begins (just) when …（从句）某人对某事所承担的责任始于…之时


e.g. The responsibility college students assume for the progress of society should begin just when they enter college. 大学生对社会进步所承担的责任起始于他们走入大学校门的时候。

5.Frequent computer analysis should tell whether workers, like air traffic controllers, are seeing all activity clearly enough to monitor it properly. (Para. 8) 采用频繁的电脑分析，能够了解到工作人员，如飞行调度员，是否对工作全局一目了然，从而做好各自的工作。

A frequent analysis/examination/study of sth. could tell whether/how … （从句）对……的频繁分析/ 检测 / 研究 , 就能够看到……

e.g. A careful examination of the painting could tell whether it is an original or a copy. 仔细研究一下这幅画，就能看出它是赝品还是真迹。


6. More and more, doctors will use visual information about your condition from computers, instead of textbooks, for diagnosis and treatment. (Para. 10) 医生们将不再依靠教科书，而是越来越多地运用来自电脑的有关病人身体状况的直观信息进行诊断和治疗。

more and more: increasing over timediagnosis: n. discovery of the nature of a diseasetreatment: n. act or way of dealing with a disease


7. Home computers will enable you to answer interactive questions about your health and show the alternative results should you act in a certain way. (Para. 11)家用电脑可以让你通过交互方式回答有关你健康状况的问题，还会告诉你你的某种行为方式会带来哪些不同的结果。

interactive: a. Student-centered teaching is interactive teaching in the

classroom. 以学生为中心的教学是一种在课堂上师生双向互动的教学方法。

alternative: a. giving a choice from among more than two things

I will not be able to meet you on Tuesday; you must think of an alternative plan. 我周二不能见你，你得另行安排。

8.More than half of the home computers sold in the United States in recent years will become essential to home life in the West. (Para. 18)


Meaning: Most of the home computers sold in the United States in recent years will become a very necessary part of home life in Western countries.

essential to: very necessary to or being the foundation of e.g. Food, sleep and housing are essential to human bein

gs. 食物，睡眠和住房是人类生存的基本要素。

9. …using sites like museums and science facilities around the world. (Para. 20)


site: n. a station from which one can get information through the Internet

facility: n. [pl.] useful things amusement facilities 娱乐设施heating facilities 取暖设施public health and aid facilities 公共卫生与救助设施

10. … and databases in places as far apart as New York and London… (Para. 20)


Meaning: … and databases in places which are as far away as New York and London

database: n. computer’s organization of informatione.g. Outline learning depends on many databases to mon

itor the process of learning. 网上学习由许多数据库监控学习的过程。

far apart: far awaye.g. With the help of E-mail, people far apart can comm

unicate with each other without any problems. 电子邮件使相距遥远的人们能轻松地相互交流。


11. People are changing careers on average every ten years now, instead of staying in a job for life. (Para. 25)

Meaning: People are changing their profession every ten years now; they don’t remain in one profession throughout their whole lives.

career: n.1)Profession e.g. His career as an artist is not a success. 他的艺

术家生涯是不成功的。2)Part of one’s life that one spends working e.g. During his career, he wrote more than fifty pla

ys. 他一生中写了 50 多个剧本。

On average: as the usual rate or estimate

e.g. Women are, on average, paid 25 percent less than men. 妇女的薪水平均比男人低 25％。


12. Specialists are becoming more important than general workers. (Para. 27)

specialist: n. a person who has special interests or skills in a limited field of work or study; master

e.g. He is a specialist in computer programming. 他是个电脑程序专家。


13. Protection of the environment used to be the concern of special group. (Para. 29)

Meaning: In the past usually only special groups of people were concerned about the protection of the environment.

protection: n.1) the act of keeping safe or the state of being kept saf

e e.g. Such a thin coat gives little protection against th

e cold. 这样一件薄薄的大衣难以御寒。2) someone or something that protects e.g. What’s the use of shoes? They are the protection

for feet. 鞋的作用是什么？它们是保护脚的。


14. Now government and businesses realize bad air and water pollution affect everyone, making it difficult for cities to survive and for businesses to make a profit. (Para. 29)

Meaning: Now governments and businesses have realized that bad air and polluted water have a negative influence upon all people; as a result this makes it difficult for cities to continue to exist and for companies to make money.

survive: v. continue to live especially after coming close to death

e.g. It was uncertain whether we could survive the terrible storm. 我们是否能逃过这场暴风雨的劫难还很难说。


15. Especially the very young, the elderly and cigarette smokers are at high risk. (Para. 30)

Meaning: Especially children, old people, and cigarette smokers are more in danger from air pollution.

at risk: in dangere.g. The disease is spreading, and all children under

5 are at risk. 这疾病正在蔓延， 5 岁以下的儿童都有被传染的危险。

16. Many European countries and the United States check vehicles for gas and smoke emissions to make sure the levels are below the permitted output. (Para. 30)


Meaning: Many European countries and the United States carry out checks on automobiles to control the quantity of gas and smoke sent out from them and limit it to the permitted level.

emission: n.e.g. The city is polluted by the emissions from autom

obiles. 汽车的排放量污染了这座城市。Please take care to note that the verb form of “ emiss

ion ” is “ emit ”.e.g. The machine emits clouds of gray smoke. 这台机器释放出灰色的烟雾。

output: n. productione.g. The factory used to have an output of 100,000 ca

rs a year. 这家工厂过去每年生产 10万辆汽车。


17. Smoking cigarettes is under siege as a habit. Smoking advertising is banned in many areas. (Para. 34)

Meaning: Now smoking cigarettes as a habit is being attacked, and smoking advertising is not allowed in many areas.

siege: n. a military operation in which an army or police force surrounds a place in order to force the people to give up and come out

under siege: in a state of being cut off from other contact or under a long attack

e.g. We should try our best to send supplies to the city that has been under siege. 我们应尽力向被围困的城里输送供给品。


18. Although pills for tension, ... (Para. 35)

pill: n. a small piece of medicinetension: n.1) (a feeling of) nervous anxiety, stress, worry, or pressur

ee.g. The doctor said I was suffering from nervous tension.

医生说我神经紧张。2) If the tension of this rope is increased it will break. 如

果拉力增加，绳子就会断掉。


19. … and other life-threatening conditions are prescribes by Western doctors, … (Para. 35)

prescribe: v.1) Order as a medicine or treatmente.g. The doctor prescribed a new medicine for the pai

n in my bones. 医生开了一种新药治我的关节痛。2) State (what must be done)e.g. The agreement prescribes the prices of the things

we are going to purchase. 协议规定了我们要买的东西的价格。

1.She failed badly in the ___________ of her duty as a secretary.

2. No one should do anything to prevent farmers from knowing the government’s ___________

on agriculture.

Direction: Fill in each of the blanks with the words given below. Change the form if necessary.

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Exercises — Vocabulary P.205

performance interactive career advertise

survive profit policy tension

performance

policy/policies

3.The animals that are most suited to the environment will be those that will _______

4. Smiling and laughing has actually been shown to reduce _______ and stress.


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performance interactive career advertise

survive profit policy tension

survive

tension




performance

survive

interactive

profit

career

policy

advertise

tension

5.This will make computer games more _________ .

6.He is now focusing on a _________ as a specialist in computers.

interactive

career

7.To improve your chances of ______ you have to plan your business policy carefully.

8.The company has recently placed a(n) ____________ for staff in the local newspaper.



performance

survive

interactive

profit

career

policy

advertise

tension

profit

advertisement

1. If you impose your opinions or beliefs ______ other people, you try to make people accept them as a rule or as a model to copy.

2. When all the instruments had been checked _______ , he signaled that he was ready to start the engine.

Fill in each of the blanks in the following sentences with a suitable preposition or adverb.

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on/upon

out/over

3.Much information ______ computer science has been acquired through hard work since last year.

4.Before I pay I’d like to know what I pay ______ .



about

for



5.Any driver who drives his or her car at a speed of 160 km an hour on this highway will be billed ______ $500.

6.He gave a happy cry when the information he’d been looking for appeared ______ the small screen of the computer.

for/up to

on



7.Many shoppers order their groceries at home ____________ Internet suppliers and have their purchases delivered.

8.Twice he had raised the money and started ______ a small business of his own, and twice he failed.

through/from

up

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Structure. P 206

Rewrite the following sentences by omitting the word “if”.

Model: If you should see Harry, give him my regards. Model: If you should see Harry, give him my regards.

→ Should you see Harry, give him my regards.

1. If you should fail to solve the arithmetic problem, come 1. If you should fail to solve the arithmetic problem, come

to me.to me.

→ Should you fail to solve the arithmetic problem, come to me.

Structure. P 206


2. If your car should break down, change to a bus.2. If your car should break down, change to a bus.

→ Should your car break down, change to a bus.

3. If a serious crisis should arise, the public would have 3. If a serious crisis should arise, the public would have

to be informed of what it means. to be informed of what it means.

→ Should a serious crisis arise, the public would have to be informed of what it means.

Structure. P 206


4. If you should fail in the exam, your parents and 4. If you should fail in the exam, your parents and

teachers would not blame you.teachers would not blame you.

→ Should you fail in the exam, your parents and teachers would not blame you.

5. If you should change your mind, no one would say 5. If you should change your mind, no one would say

anything against it.anything against it.

→ Should you change your mind, no one would say anything against it.

Structure. P 206

Study the model and then rewrite the following sentences by using the structure of “make it + adj. for somebody to do something”.

Model: It’s difficult for cities to survive and for business to Model: It’s difficult for cities to survive and for business to

make a profit because of the pollution of the environment.make a profit because of the pollution of the environment.→ The pollution of the environment makes it difficult for cities to survive and for business to make a profit.

1. It’s difficult for teachers and students to have proper teaching 1. It’s difficult for teachers and students to have proper teaching

and learning because of the poor teaching facilities. and learning because of the poor teaching facilities.

→ The poor teaching facilities makes it difficult for teachers and students to have proper teaching and learning.

Structure. P 206


2. It is hard for one to start up a new business because of lack of 2. It is hard for one to start up a new business because of lack of

money.money.

→ Lack of money makes it hard for one to start up a business.

3. With frequent computer analysis it is possible for a manager 3. With frequent computer analysis it is possible for a manager

to tell whether a worker is performing well in his work. to tell whether a worker is performing well in his work.

→ Frequent computer analysis makes it possible for a manager to tell a worker is performing well in his work.

Structure. P 206


4. With the Internet it is easier for shoppers to order their 4. With the Internet it is easier for shoppers to order their

groceries at home.groceries at home.

→ The Internet makes it easier for shoppers to order their groceries at home..

5. Because of the new teaching building it is possible for the 5. Because of the new teaching building it is possible for the

university to admit more students this year.university to admit more students this year.

→ The new teaching building makes it possible for the university to admit more students this year.

Exercises — Translation P.207

1.1. 在二十一世纪在二十一世纪 ,, 人们将在家里通过因特网购物人们将在家里通过因特网购物 ,, 并要求送货并要求送货到家。到家。

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In the 21st century, people will order their goods at home through the Internet and have them delivered.

to have them delivered to have them delivered

in the 21in the 21stst century century

through the Internet through the Internet

to order their goodsto order their goods

http://www.iecool.com/photo/show/105/2467.htm

http://www.iecool.com/photo/show/105/2467.htm


2.2. 对高层管理人员来说对高层管理人员来说 , , 扩充管理方面的信息和知识尤为重要。扩充管理方面的信息和知识尤为重要。

to top managersto top managers

increase in information increase in information and knowledge about and knowledge about managementmanagement

to be more importantto be more important

The increase in information and knowledge about management will be more important to top managers.


3.3. 由于许多地方禁止做吸烟广告由于许多地方禁止做吸烟广告 , , 吸烟将变得不受欢迎。吸烟将变得不受欢迎。

to be bannedto be banned

smoking smoking cigarettescigarettes

to be under siegeto be under siege

As smoking advertising is banned in many areas, smoking cigarettes will be under siege.


4.4. 做家庭作业时，每做家庭作业时，每 1010 个学生中有个学生中有 88 个会去利个会去利用用

诸如博物馆和科学设施之类的资源。诸如博物馆和科学设施之类的资源。in doing their in doing their

homework homework assignment assignment

eight out of eight out of every ten every ten students students

sources such as sources such as museums and science museums and science

facilities facilities

Eight out of every ten students will use sources such as museums and science facilities in doing their homework assignment.


5. 5. 是我们自己的所为和所不为决定着我们的未来。是我们自己的所为和所不为决定着我们的未来。

what we do and what we do and what we do not dowhat we do not do

It is … that It is … that determine…determine…

It is what we do and what we do not do that determine our future.

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Story Summary. P 207

Circle one word from each of the pairs below to complete the meaning in these sentences based on Passage A.

As we consider the 21st century we look __1__ the future. The future does not __2__ it self; our actions today determine our tomorrow. __3__ responsibility for the future begins the moment we __4__ that we create the future. The future is not __5__ on us by fate. All of us build the future together __6__ the things we do today or those we do not do. It is possible for __7__ that in the future bosses may want to check the __8__ of our work through computer analysis of our brain’s electrical activity. We may also take more control __9__ our health as we ask computers questions about certain conditions and learn about alternative __10__ we can choose.



Computers in cars will __11__ be able to take money from our __12__ accounts while we are on the toll __13__ going to

get our car checked for __14__ of carbon monoxide. Homework will become a __15__ adventure as we visit

global __16__ in museums and science facilities while we wait for delivery of the __17__ we ordered through

Internet suppliers. More and more, we, __18__ women, work from home and change our careers on __19__ every ten years. __20__ smoking banned and healthy diets and

exercise the current official policy, we try to keep well and away from pills prescribes for numerous conditions.



9. after / over 10. cures / treatments

11. automatically / aggressively 12. cashier / bank

13. sideways / highways 14. emission / emergency

15. widespread / worldwide 16. sites / sights

1. into / to 2. decide / decline

3. Our / Your

4. reveal / recognize

5. imposed / composed

6. through / though

7. insight / instance 8. quantity / quality



17. groceries / grocery 18. especially / specially

19. percentage / average 20. With / While

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Text Structure Analysis. P 208

Paragraphs of a Topic Supported by Details

The author of this passage lists eight different elements about our future. Each element is presented the same way, from the topic to precise details. Now look at Number 6 (The Workplace) and how it can be analyzed:

No. 6 The Workplace The changing face of work and the workplace is one of the

most widespread influences in Western society. Women now form more than half the workers; the

percentage is rising as they start up small businesses of their own, often working from home.


People are changing careers on average every ten years now, instead of staying in a job for life.

Increases in information and knowledge-based businesses are reducing levels of middle management. Top managers get all the information needed to work together with front-line staff.

Specialists are becoming more important than general workers.


Topic 6. The Workplace: The changing face of work and the workplace is one of the most widespread influences in Western society.

Precise detail 1:

Women now form more than half the workers; the percentage is rising as they start up small businesses of their own, often working from home.

Precise detail 2:

People are changing careers on average every ten years now, instead of staying in a job for life.

Precise detail 3:

Increases in information and knowledge-based businesses are reducing levels of middle management. Top managers get all information needed to work together with frontline staff.

Precise detail 4:

Specialists are becoming more important than general workers.

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Structured Writing. P 209

Look at the outlines and the sample paragraph, which starts with a topic that is supported by precise details.

Topic: Shanghai is busy and crowded.

Outline: continuous traffic/never stopping in a hurry/doing everything in a rush/noise and rush tiring/get used to it

Topic: Shanghai is busy and crowded.

Outline: continuous traffic/never stopping in a hurry/doing everything in a rush/noise and rush tiring/get used to it


Sample paragraph

Shanghai is very busy and overcrowded. There is a continuous noise of traffic in all the main streets; the traffic never seems to stop, even during the night, and people always seem to be in a hurry. They appear to do everything in a rush, with an eye on the clock, as if they had only a short time to live. The noise and rush is tiring, but you soon get used to it.


Now try to write your own paragraph. Here are some topics for you to choose from. One of the topics has a detailed outline that you can follow if you want to.

Topic: It is convenient to learn online.

Outline: not tired of answering your questions / at any time / at any place take your time to answer questions, not feel ashamed of your wrong answers check your own progress

More topics for you to choose from: 1) I Can Always Depend on My Father. 2) Gun Control Is Necessary for the Country. 3) I Know How to Make a Good Impression.

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Part IV: Topic-related Further Learning

1) Listening practice: understanding short conversation, long conversation and passages

2) Speed reading

Thank You !

new horizon college english unit 9: section a looking to the 21st century

Documents

century slide

background information

text learning text analysis

germany para

london para

car para

doctor para

workplace para