new jersey water environment association joint maba njwea … · 2017-05-17 · high quality...
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High Quality Biosolids from Wastewater
New Jersey Water Environment AssociationJoint MABA NJWEA Biosolids Workship
May 11, 2017
WE&RF Research Project NTRY7R15Material Matters, Inc
Trudy Johnston, President
• Principal Investigator – Trudy Johnston, Material Matters
• CO-Principal Investigator – Chris Peot DCWater
– Pennsylvania State University
– Virginia Tech
– University of Maryland
– Kansas State
– DC Metropolitan COG
WERF Research Partners
Project Advisors
• Jim Smith, formally with USEPA National Risk Management Research Lab
• Yen-Chih Chen, PSU
• Ralph Eschborn, AECOM
Participating Utilities
• Tacoma WA
• Duluth MN
• Vancouver BC
• Columbus GA
• Madison WI
• DC Water
• Alexandria VA
• Australia/New Zealand
• Lower Allen PA
• Hershey PA
• Ocean County NJ
• Camden NJ
• Howard Co MD
• Orange Co. CA
• Chicago IL
Project Background
Then Now
Water Resource Recovery Facilities
• Water reclamation
• Energy recovery
• Biosolids products
National Priorities are Shifting
Wastewater Treatment Plants
• Wastewater treatment
• Inefficient
• Sewage disposal
Photo Credit: http://www.wftv.com/news/local/doh-determines-no-health-risks-to-residents-near-smelly-orange-county-landfill/464928267
• Incineration – 24.7 %
• Landfill cover – 41%
• Out of state Disposal – 10.6%
• Class A distribution – 12.1%
• Class B land application – 1.0%
• Out of state Beneficial Use – 10.62%
NJ Trending Differently
• Strong history of providing $$$ for biosolidsresearch
• NEW FOCUS - Building for the future – biosolids as a commodity – to market and use locally
• Define and develop standards for HQB….there are no standards for HQB
• Create products that are in demand• Utilities comfortable meeting min reg standards
Is 503 enough to go to the next level?
WE&RF Research Supports Biosolids
Research to Encourage Use of HQB
• Define HBQ
• Expand use of HQB nationally
• Create new products
• Demonstrate efficacy of HQB products
• Use HQB in urban and suburban settings
• Market to customers
• Use of Social Media
Project Objectives
Define high quality biosolids (HQB)
Document ability of HQB to meet customer needs
Develop a biosolids marketing guidance tool
Create a community of partners in HQB with social media
Task 1
Task 2
Task 3
Task 4
Nuisance Odor is a Challenge
Goal of Task 1 is to identify a surrogate parameter that will directly correlate to biosolids stability.
Treatment Technologies and Biosolids Products Represented
• 18 utilities from across the USA, Canada, and Australia representing a wide array of treatment technologies and biosolids processing methods
• Class A/EQ designation for 17 of 18 products
• Samples collected as “Customer Ready”
Digestion Technologies
Digestion Method Number
Anaerobic 13
Aerobic 2
Undigested 3
• Advanced digestion technologies represented:
– ATAD
– Cambi
– Flow-through thermophilic (CBFT)
– Pasteurization
– Chemical Oxidation
“Customer Ready” Biosolids Types
Biosolids Form (% Solids) Number
Cake products (<45%) 11
Blended products (<45 – 70%) 4
Thermally dried (>90%) 3
Dewatering / Drying Method Number
Belt / screw press 5
Centrifuge 10
Thermal drying 3
• Focus on Class A/EQ biosolids
• Acquire diverse samples from utilities
• Human odor assessment– PSU Odor Assessment Lab
• Attractiveness to house flies
• Conduct specialized analytical tests
Task 1 Research Approach
Frequency
Duration
What is a Nuisance Odor?
Frequency
Duration
Situation orSetting
Intensity
Character
Hedonic Tone
Odor Quality
10
WEAK
BARELY DETECTABLE0
Labeled magnitude scale (LMS) for odor intensity
(Adapted from Green et al., 1996).
20
MODERATE
80
70
60
VERY STRONG50
40
STRONG
30
Odor Intensity via LMS Method(Place a line through desired level using 2 pt increments provided.)
100 STRONGEST IMAGINABLE
90
10 Strongest
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1 Odorless
(Circle desired response.)
OIRS = ASTM E544-99 (2004) Odor
Intensity Referencing Scale Method
(max & min: 20,250 ppm & 0 ppm
butyl alcolhol in DI water)
Odor Intensity via
OIRS Method
Odor Quality
Modified Wastewater Wheel (Adapted from Burlingame et al., 2004)Circle appropriate descriptors and list codes above. Select up to 5 categoriesin decreasing order
with dominant descriptor first.
Odorless = 010
Phase 1 – LMS Odor Intensity Values
Phase 1 - DTFCO Odor Detection Thresholds
Correlation Investigations
• Response Variable: Odor Detection Threshold (DT)
• Predictor Parameters:
1. Routinely measured: %Solids, %TVS, %S, %Fe, %Al, %NH4-N
2. Project specific: Methionine content (MET), Respiratory activity (RA4)
3. Discrete: Age, Digestion, Dewatering method (e.g., 1=centrifuge; 2=belt press; 3=heat dryer)
Total Volatile Solids
Low TVS means low odors
Two products with identical TVS (63%) at odor level extremes
Total Iron Content
Same %TVS but very different Fe content
Some treatment processes diluteconstituent levels
Total S Content
One product with 7.2% Fe
Methionine Content(Methionine is an S-containing amino acid that degrades to form methyl
mercaptan, a powerful, unpleasant volatile compound.)
House fly attraction and larval
development in waste water
biosolids
Ludek Zurek
Department of Entomology
Kansas State University
Adults
Larvae
EggsPupae
Larval habitat
1 day5-7 days
7 days
House Fly Life Cycle
Materials and Methods
• Biosolid substrates from 8 different facilities• Control substrate – fresh dairy cattle manure
o 50 g of each substrate placed in sterile petri dish
• Two choice assays: biosolid x control: placed in a plastic cageo Plastic cage placed in a wind tunnel
• House flies (Musca domestica) from the laboratory colonyo 20 females ready to lay eggs selected and placed in each cage
for 24 hrs
• Eggs manually counted in each dish
House fly attraction: Oviposition (egg laying) assays
Cattle manure and two types of biosolids
from WWTF
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
D-01 D-18 E-04 E-10 F-03 F-07 G-19 G-20
% e
ggs
Sample ID
Manure Biosolid
Oviposition of house flies: Two-choice assay: Manure x Biosolid
Materials and Methods
• Biosolid substrates from 8 different facilities• Control substrate – fresh dairy cattle manure
o 50 g of each substrate placed in sterile petri dish• 20 freshly laid house fly eggs placed on each substrate• Petri dishes kept in plastic containers in an incubator until fly
pupation and adult emergence• Adult flies counted in each container
House fly development
D01 D18 C E04 E10 C F03 F07 C G1 G2 C
70 0 60 0 0 35 0 0 75 0 0 50
Development (%) of house flies from eggs to
adults in biosolids and cattle manure
Current conclusions
• Biosolid substrates D01, F03, and F07 are
more attractive to house fly females to lay
eggs than fresh dairy cattle manure
• Biosolid substrates D18, E04, G19, and G20
are not attractive to house flies at all.
• Only the biosolid substrate D01 can support
house fly development from eggs to adults
(70% fly emergence)
34
Thanks for
your attention!