new mexico forests. fig. 2.1 in dick-peddie, w.a. 1993. new mexico vegetation. vegetation types of...
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New Mexico Forests
Fig. 2.1 in Dick-Peddie, W.A. 1993. New Mexico Vegetation.
VEGETATION TYPES OF NEW MEXICO (1880)
VEGETATION TYPES OF NEW MEXICO(18,000 Years Ago)
Fig. 2.4 in Dick-Peddie, W.A. 1993. New Mexico Vegetation.
VEGETATION TYPES OF NEW MEXICO(100 MillionYears Ago)
BROAD GEOLOGIC TIME SCALES
PALEOZOIC ERA(550 – 250 MYA)
MESOZOIC ERA(250 – 50 MYA)
EARLY CRETACEOUS
LATE CRETACEOUS
CENOZOIC ERA(50 MYA - Present)
Quaternary Period:Tertiary Period:
EARLY TERTIARY
(Continent Wide Moderate-Warm Climates)
EARLY TERTIARY GEOFLORAS
EARLY TERTIARY: Arcto-Tertiary Geoflora
Western
Northern
Eastern
EARLY TERTIARY: Neotropical -Tertiary Geoflora
EARLY TERTIARY: Madrean -Tertiary Geoflora
EARLY TERTIARY GEOFLORAS In NEW MEXICO
LATE TERTIARY
(Continent-Wide Cooling)
LATE TERTIARY
(Continued Orogeny of the Rocky Mountains)
LATE TERTIARY
(Grassland Development in Rain Shadow and Eastward)
LATE TERTIARY
Arcto-Tertiary Geoflora:
Neotropical-Tertiary Geoflora:
Madro-Tertiary Geoflora:
QUATERNARY (Pleistocene)
QUATERNARY (Pleistocene)
Pluvial Lakes: A large lake associated with excessive rain and little evapotranspiration. Poorly drained.
QUATERNARY (Pleistocene)
Height of the Wisconsin Glaciation (18,000 ybp)
QUATERNARY (Pleistocene)
*Spruce-Fir ForestsAlpine Tundra
Palynology: Analysis of Pollen Cores
Juniperus PoaceaePinus Salix
15
20,000 ybp Current
QUATERNARY (Pleistocene)(Wilcox Playa)
QUATERNARY (Pleistocene)(Plains of San Agustin)
10,000 ybp Current
RECENT QUATERNARY (Holocene)
3
4Biogenic Deposits (Packrat Middens)
RECENT QUATERNARY (Holocene)
8
7
RECENT QUATERNARY (Holocene)
Midden: Organic Deposits of Plant Debris and Feces Cemented by“Amberat” (dried urine)
11
12 13
RECENT QUATERNARY (Holocene)
Saguaro Cactus Seeds
Mesquite Seeds
Pinon Seeds
Packrat Midden Macrofossil Analysis
RECENT QUATERNARY (late Pleistocene - Holocene)
(18,000 – 3,300 ybp)
Sacramento Mountains, NM Packrat Middens
RECENT QUATERNARY (late Pleistocene - Holocene)
Packrat Midden Analysis: Sacramento Mountains, NM (5,300 ft)
18,000 ybp
10,000 ybp
8,000 ybp
7,300 ybp
5,500 ybp
Packrat Midden Analysis: Sacramento Mountains, NM (5,300 ft)
RECENT QUATERNARY (late Pleistocene - Holocene)
RECENT QUATERNARY (late Pleistocene - Holocene)
3,300 ybp
Packrat Midden Analysis: Sacramento Mountains, NM (5,300 ft)
NATURE OF PLANT SUCCESSION
Frederic Clements: Communities of Plants shift their Distribution at the same Rate and Time (“Clementisian” View)
Henry Gleason: Individual Plants Shift their Distribution at their OWN Rate and Time (“Gleasonian” View)
18,000 ybp
10,000 ybp
Figs. 2.1, 2.4 in W.A. Dick-Peddie 1993. New Mexico Vegetation.
Modern and Recent Extent of NM Forests
Dick-Peddie, W.A. 1993. New Mexico Vegetation. University of New MexicoPress
McClaren, M.P. and T.R. Van Devender.1997. The Desert Grassland. Universityof Arizona Press.
Primary Literature Sources
Allred, K.W. 1996. Vegetative changes in New Mexico Rangelands. New Mexico Journal of Science 36:168-229
1 http://earthintime.com/holocene.jpg
2 http://hoopermuseum.earthsci.carleton.ca/evolution/equidae/ cenozoic.jpg
3 http://www.texasbeyondhistory.net/hueco/images/packrat-midden.html
4 http://www.texasbeyondhistory.net/hueco/images/figure3.html
5 http://www.bridgerlandaudubon.org/wildaboututah/images/PackRatMidden KenColePic2.jpg
6 http://www.bridgerlandaudubon.org/wildaboututah/090924packratgrazing.htm
7 http://www.geo.arizona.edu/palynology/geos462/packratpsm.gif
8 http://www.geo.arizona.edu/palynology/geos462/28packrats.html
10 http://www.geo.arizona.edu/palynology/geos462/28packrats.html
11 http://www.forestryimages.org/images/192x128/5376716.jpg
12 http://farm1.static.flickr.com/137/350242627_3c926995a8.jpg
13 http://www.treenm.com/images/trees/pinon_seeds.jpg
14 http://www.geo.arizona.edu/palynology/geos462/28packrats.html
15 http://www.cabq.gov/airquality/images/Juniper_001.jpg
16 http://img1.photographersdirect.com/img/11769/wm/pd802593.jpg
17 http://www.texasbeyondhistory.net/hueco/images/visitor-swd-sm.jpg
18 http://flora.nhm-wien.ac.at/Bilder-G-O/Koeleria-macrantha.jpg
19 http://www.wnmu.edu/academic/nspages2/gilaflora/bouteloua_ curtipendula.jpg
20 McClaran, M.P. and T.R. Van Devender. 1995. The desert grassland. Universityof Arizona Press, Tucson, AZ
21 http://www.msnucleus.org/membership/html/k-6/lc/ntenvn/2/images/owl%20 pellet.jpg