new models of scholarship: exploration & engagement
DESCRIPTION
Presentation for The Duke Endowment Libraries 2011 Symposium at Johnson C. Smith University, Charlotte, NC, April 13, 2011TRANSCRIPT
NEW MODELS OF SCHOLARHSIP: EXPLORATION & ENGAGEMENT
MOLLY KEENERWAKE FOREST UNIVERSITY
The Duke Endowment Libraries 2011 Symposium
Why do faculty and researchers publish?
impact grant fundingexpectations
moneyengagement
reputationadvancement
others…
A reaction to the restricted flow of information
A reaction to traditional models of control
Technology enables us to do things we couldn’t before
Research doesn’t fit into traditional models
Why develop new models?
Generally enabled by technology
Works both inside and outside of traditional models
Supported by a variety of business models
Commonalities
Moving from this…
Open & free to access
Moving from this…
Transparency
What do we mean by open?
Open to contribution & participation
Open & free to access
Open to use & reuse with few or no restrictions
Open to indexing & machine readable
Open accessPublic access
Open data Open science Open humanities Open education Open books Open peer review…
Open movements
Open access literature is digital, online, free of charge, and free of most copyright and licensing restrictions.
- Peter Suber
Open Access
Gratis vs. Libre
Gratis: You can read it for free. Anything else, you better ask permission.
Libre: With credit given, OK to text-mine, re-catalog, mirror for preservation, quote, remix, whatever.
Most OA is gratis. You get to “libre” via Creative Commons licensing, usually.
(text from Dorothea Salo)
Two (and a half) Roads to Open Access
1) Open Access Publishing
2) Author archiving
2.5) Hybrid
Publication that is free & open for anyone to access on internet
Journals or books!
6355 OA journals according to Directory of Open Access Journals (as of April 2011) Journals across all disciplines Share common features with toll access journals
Supported by variety of models Institution / funder supported OR author-supported (2006 – 47% author
supported)
Generally allow authors to retain copyright and/or license under Creative Commons
Open Access Publishing
Has taken time for impact factors & reputation to build
Business models still emerging
Author pays model has better traction in the STM community
Issues & Questions
Literature published through traditional channels that is made openly available through deposit in a repository or placing on web site
Institutional, departmental, or discipline based repository
Supported by a range of business models
Range of publisher policies on deposit
Open Archiving/Repositories
1935 Repositories worldwide holding over 28.6M itemsRepository Map from http://maps.repository66.org/
Sustainability sometimes an issue
Participation of faculty (particularly for institutional) Discipline based repositories often rooted in cultures used
to sharing
Often include a range of material including student work, grey literature, theses and dissertations, etc.
For published literature, what can be deposited confusing (post print, pre print, published version?)
Copyright issues murky and (often) frustrating
Issues & Questions
Publisher Price Notes
Elsevier Sponsored Article $3,000 Some journals
Oxford Open $3,000 Some journals; lower price if author from a developing country
Springer Open Choice $3,000 All journals
Wiley OnlineOpen $3,000 Some journals; fees vary
American Chemical Society AuthorChoice
$1,000 – 3,000 Lowest price if institution subscribes & have personal membership
Plant Physiology $1,500 / $500 / Free
OA free for members of ASPB; Discount if non-member but institution subscribes
Hybrid models
Issues & Questions
Mixed business model – subscriptions and author pays on an article by article basis – uncomfortable for many
Relatively low adoption (generally around 1-2%)
What impact on subscription prices?
Many libraries with funds for faculty to publish in OA journals will not fund these articles
Public should have ready and easy access to taxpayer funded research
Linked to idea of open government and transparency
Many legislative efforts in US to alternately halt or expand this
Public Access
Harvard (Faculty of Arts and Sciences, College of Law)
MITKansasOberlin
DukeAnd others!
http://roarmap.eprints.org
Institutional Open Access Policies
Open Data Open access to data not just papers
The rate of discovery is accelerated by better access to data
Actionable data
Funder mandates around management and sharing of data (in some cases)
Open Data
“TeraGrid is the world's largest, most comprehensive distributed cyberinfrastructure for open scientific research.”
Open Science
Digital Humanities
Open Education
Open Books
Open Peer Review
Principle of openness not just about ‘free’
Multiple methods for open access and multiple business models to support – many new models emerging
Public access has traction
Range of movements around ‘openness’ in higher education – libraries should be aware of all
Summary
Because they are the producers and the consumers of the products of scholarly communication
Because they edit journals, sit on editorial boards, provide peer review, and are officers of scholarly societies
Because they are the movers behind many new models of scholarship (often because of their own frustrations with the traditional model)
Because they can make change in ways that libraries struggle to do on their own
So…why engage with faculty?
What are the practices in a particular discipline?
How does the scholarly society(s) approach scholarly publishing and communication?
What’s the culture in the department and college?
What are promotion and tenure requirements?
What’s the faculty point of view?
Discuss scholarly communication issues (especially author rights) with graduate students and work with your Graduate College.
Engage with the research office(s) on campus about funder open access policies.
Share knowledge of copyright, legislative issues, and other current events that may have direct impact.
Bring faculty advocates from other campuses to speak.
Give faculty examples of changes and new models from other similar disciplines.
Let’s engage!
Include scholarly communication in subject librarians jobs & service models
Negotiate for OA archiving with publishers Consider supporting OA author fees Education around copyright and author rights
Have an institutional repository? Get more people involved – catalogers, subject librarians, etc.
Provide technical and organizational infrastructure for publishing journals and other content
What else can we do?
Be curious!
Attribution
Slide 2: “BookCase” http://www.flickr.com/photos/markhillary/ Slide 7: “Super Secret Scientific Room” http://www.flickr.com/photos/cipherswarm/1491046160/ Slide 9: “Open” http://www.flickr.com/photos/jmarty/128010935/ Slide 11: “Hope” http://www.flickr.com/photos/crystalina/6327766/ Slide 13: Text used from Dorothea Salo’s “Open Sesame” Presentation at
http://www.slideshare.net/cavlec/open-sesame-and-other-open-movementsSlide 14: “Two roads were there – 2” http://www.flickr.com/photos/1000/187984223/ Slide 25: “Harvard Widener Library” http://www.flickr.com/photos/mak506/2771080083/Slide 35: “Wikipedia – Art Historian” http://www.flickr.com/photos/mikeeperez/2453225976/ Slide 38: “Curiosity” http://www.flickr.com/photos/emiliodelprado/225161313/ Slide 39: “Slow Down…You Clown!!” http://www.flickr.com/photos/fatboyke/2668411239/
This work is based on works originally created by Sarah L. Shreeves and Joy Kirchner, and was last updated on April 12, 2011 by Molly Keener. It is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 United States License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 171 Second Street, Suite 300, San Francisco, California, 94105, USA.
ACRL Scholarly Communication Toolkithttp://scholcomm.acrl.ala.org/
Directory of Open Access Journalshttp://www.doaj.org/
Registry of Open Access Repositorieshttp://roar.eprints.org/
Sherpa/Romeo Publisher Copyright Policies & Self-Archivinghttp://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo.php
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