new products (inhibitors and biostimulants) · 2019-09-25 · new regulatory framework: still many...
TRANSCRIPT
New products
(inhibitors and biostimulants)
supporting the nitrogen use efficiency
of mineral fertilisers 16. May 2019, EU Green Week
Dr. Catarina Henke, Global Agronomic Advisory and R&D
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A global fertilizer company: from source to plant
EuroChem Group: vertical integration
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Nev innomy sskiy Azot 10
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Lif osa
11 BMU
Phosphorit
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Nov omoskov skiy Azot
12 Antwerpen
6 2 Kov dorskiy GOK
5 EuroChem Fertilizers 13
EuroChem-Migao
3 EuroChem VolgaKaliy
4 EuroChem Usolskiy
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1
20 US (Tulsa)
22 Brasilien
24 Spanien
33 Moldov a
34 Weißrussland
32 Bulgarien
19 Mexiko
30 Griechenland
26 Deutschland
28 Italien
27 Schweiz
Ungarn 29
Sales
25 Frankreich
38 Singapur Serbien 31
35 Türkei
36 Russia
37 China
23 Argentinien
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Northwest (UC)
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17 Tuapse
16 Murmansk
14 Sillamae
15 Ust-Luga (UC)
Logistics
18 EuroChem Antwerpen Jetty
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21 US (Tampa)
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4.866
Total sales 2017
13.5
Fertilizer sales 2017
US$ bn >25,000
Employees 2017
MMT
Fertilizer production Raw material mining
Global headquarters (Switzerland)
Geografic sales activity:
Member of:
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Background
Why mineral fertilizers
and
new products?
Plant nutrition is essential for crop yields
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Need of fertilizers
Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE) as indicator for agricultural systems
• Fertilization covers the nutritional gap: nutrient supply form the soil and crop demand until harvest.
• Mineral fertilizers cover the demand of plants, with defined nutrients and timed availability.
Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE in %): = (crop N removal / fertilized N) * 100
nutrient supply by fertilization
plant nutrient uptake
soil nutrient delivery
high
NUE
low
NUE 1st fertilization
2nd fertilization
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The plant uses only ca. 50 % applied N
Fertilization efficiency is reduced by N losses from the system
FAO data
CHALLENGES:
- Globally higher agricultural production needed
- More land use is not acceptable with respect to climate change and biodiversity
CONCLUSION: increase efficient fertilizer use without compromising the environment
Losses by NO3- leaching
Losses by NH3 volatilisation Losses by denitrification
Losses by immobilisation
N in fertilizers
N in products
Loss of 50 % N
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Integrated plant nutrition management
Many factors determine the NUE
N loss mitigation
measures (volatilisation, leaching,
denitrification)
Abiotic & biotic stress
management (drought, salt, pest, weeds,
diseases)
Root growth
Soil management
(structure and
biological activity)
Crop management,
e.g. Digital farming
Education, advisory
and knowledge
transfer
Crop nutrition
(4R strategy) minimum
Plant breeding
Irrigation management
vital plants have best NUE performance
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Inhibitors
Tools to control unwanted nitrogen transformation processes
Stabilized Fertilizers
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System without Inhibitors
N transformation and losses after fertilizer application
NO3-
soil
NH4+
NO3-
NH4+
Fertilizer
application
N2O
GHGs N2O/N2
GHGs
NO3-
nitrate
De
nitrific
atio
n
Le
achin
g
NH3
ammonia
Gaseous losses
Aqueous losses
Challenges in this system:
Uncontrolled nitrogen transformation
processes and poor nutrient uptake.
Avoid emission swapping: Less
emissions might lead to more leaching.
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System with Inhibitors
Role of inhibitors in mitigating detrimental N turnover processes
NO3-
soil
NH4+
NO3-
NH4+
Fertilizer
application
N2O
GHGs N2O/N2
GHGs
NO3-
nitrate
De
nitrific
atio
n
Le
achin
g
NH3
ammonia
Gaseous losses
Aqueous losses
System with inhibitors:
Reduced N losses from organic and
inorganic fertilizers and contribution of
agricultural production systems to the
ongoing climate change.
Effect of urease inhibitor
(urea fertilizers)
Effect of nitrification inhibitor
(ammonium and urea fertilizers)
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Inhibitors
Nitrogen transformation inhibitors and EuroChem premium products
NH4+
UI
Urea
Urea NH4+
UI
UI
Urease inhibitor (UI): Slower urea hydrolysis
better distribution of urea in soil and small pH increase: low NH3 emissions
several urease inhibitors available with different efficacies
Nitrification inhibitor: Stabilization of ammonium in mineral fertilizers
increase yield by sustained ammonium nutrition and reduction of N losses by nitrate leaching and N2O emissions
several nitrification inhibitors available with different efficacies
proportion NH4+/NO3
- = 4:1
NH4+
NI
NH4+ NI
NH4+
NI
NH4+
NH4+
NH4+
NH4+
NO3-
Source: Legaz (IVIA), 2000
enzyme inactivated
(inhibition)
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Key impacts of inhibitors:
crop yields, NUE and N losses
Source: Kanter & Searchinger, 2018, nature sustainability
• Different meta-analysis showed positive effects of inhibitors on yield and reduced
nitrogen pollution
• Latest review study: NUE, yield and N-loss change averaged over global trials
(Kanter & Searchinger, 2018, nature sustainability):
CONCLUSION: Increase of N uptake (NUE), higher productivity (yield) and reduced N pollution (N-losses) by use of inhibitors compared to untreated fertilizer.
Mean effect, on average:
• Higher yields: 7.5 %
• NUE increase: 12 %
• Reduced N losses: 25-30 %
0 5 10 15 20 25
Linquist et al. (2013)
Abalos et al. 2014
Linquist et al. (2013)
Abalos et al. 2014
Linquist et al. (2013)
Abalos et al. 2014
NI
UI
NI+
UI
nitrogen use efficiency change (%)
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Innovation of EuroChem in the inhibitor market
The new nitrification inhibitor DMPSA
What is new and groundbreaking:
• Longer lasting reduction of nitrification by
active ingredient
• Applicability on all amid and ammonium-
nitrate based fertilizers yet not inhibited by
NI (additionally on CAN, DAP etc.)
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• Firstclimate Zurich/Switzerland
with application of IPCC
guidelines calculated
subtraction of N2O emissions
from unfertilized control
• Reduction of direct N2O
emissions by inhibitors:
DMPP -70%, DMPSA -80%
Basis (n
um
be
r scien
tific pap
ers)
Succinic acid
DMP
DMP = 3,4-Dimethylpyrazole phosphate, DMPSA = 3,4-Dimethylpyrazole succinic acid
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Biostimulants
Tools to control N and P uptake processes und stimulate plants
Plant Biostimulants
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Plant biostimulants: Definition
Biostimulants act in addition to fertilizers
plant metabolism, growth processes, optimized plant nutrition
Source: Proposual of the EC for the new EU fertilizer regualtion (04.12.2018)
“stimulating plant nutrition processes independently of the product's nutrient content with the sole aim of improving one or more of the following characteristics of the plant or the plant rhizosphere:
• nutrient use efficiency • tolerance to abiotic stress • crop quality traits • availability of confined nutrients in soil or rhizosphere”
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Different types of biostimualnts
Which biostimulants are known today?
biostimulants
mixtures
single compounds
microbial symbiotic
mycorrhiza fungi
Rhizobium spp.
assosiated
(free-living)
Azospirillum spp.
Azotobacter spp.
consortium
single strain
non-microbal
extracts algea
plant extracts
acids
humins (humin acids, fulvic acids)
amino acids
others
lignins chitins proteins signalling
compounds
others
Source: EuroChem; AgriCen Sciences: MarketsandMarkets Anaysis, P. du Jardin, 2015
42 %
33 %
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New regulatory framework: still many open questions
Legal background of biostimulants
Biostimulants will be regulated the first time for the European
market in the new fertilizer regulation: - Expected to come into force in 06/2019 (transition until 2022), all
known fertilizer types will be replaced, new categories are included,
e.g. inhibitors, biostimulants
Standardisation is essential: - CEN and national bodies need to be developed and validated many
new standards
Assessment procedures: - Many open questions
- National activities have started - National laws and conformity assessments
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New products in the markets
Many claims support increase of NUE
Quelle: EuroChem, 2019
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less stressed by plant protection treatments
less fertilization
less plant protection
yield garantee
others
soil improvement
better emmergence
plants more vital
better nutrient supply
abiotic stress
better crop quality
higher yield
root growth
better plant growth
product number
Market survey done by EuroChem:
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Huge investments in new technologies targeting towards enhanced
efficiency and environmental sustainability
Research by leading companies
MoA field tests
R&D
necessary
to understand
products
fundamentally within their natural habitats
Source: EuroChem, R&D
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Summary
New products are part of the solution
The 21st century fertilization challenge:
Increase crop production and fertilizer use without further land use,
empairing environment and living quality
New products innovant the agricultural production and stive for
substainablity:
Urease inhibitors & Nitrification inhibitors
• Scientifically well known and evaluated
tool to both, increase yield and reduce
N losses
• Higher NUE: more N is used by the plant
• Never found a negative impact on
environments
Plant Biostimulants
• Functional definition in the new Fertilizer
Regulation
• Positive effects on NUE by stimulating
plant metabolism, growth, optimized plant
nutrition
• Various products in the market
