New Republic,1776-1812

Vocabulary

• Domestic• Allies• Federalist• Anti-Federalist• Nationalism• Impressment• Republican simplicity• Archibald Murphy• Common Schools• Rip Van Winkle state• Trail of Tears

Washington takes the oath of officeHow is Washington depicted in this picture? What from

the picture makes you think that?

Domestic Difficulties: Whiskey Rebellion, Political Parties

Whiskey Rebellion• Rebellion in western Pennsylvania over tax on whiskey• Most farmers bartered goods – no cash to pay tax• President Washington sent in the army to stop rebellion• Reasoned that the farmers had representation in

government – must pay the taxPolitical Parties Constitution does not mention parties• Washington opposed them• These early disagreements created allies and enemies

– Two camps emerge• Federalist• Republican (Anti-Federalist)

Cotton Gin invented 1791

Foreign DifficultiesBritain and France engaged in war

American declared its neutrality– US traded with both countries.

Captured US ships seized goods

– British impressment of American Sailors which meant they were captured and forced to server on British ships.

– Pinckney’s Treaty w/ Spain (US can use the Mississippi)

Pinckney’s Treaty with Spain: US can use Mississippi to ship goods and the

port of New Orleans

John Adams1797 – 1801

• The Second President• Served as Washington’s Vice-

President for two terms• Also served as ambassador to

France and Great Britain• Not as popular

Thomas Jefferson becomes President, orginally from North Carolina

Jefferson’s challenges being President

Domestic:Alexander Hamilton and the other FederalistsCriticisms over his constitutional right to purchase the Louisiana Purchase.Supreme courts establishment of its powers given in Constitution

Foreign:US neutrality ignored by France and England in their war against each other.International TradePirates alone the Barbary coast

The Capitol Building 1800Washington DC begins to be established

Hamilton vs. JeffersonBeginning of a two party system in the US Government

What political parties did Hamilton and Jefferson represent?

Hamilton - Federalist

• Federalist • Manufacturing• Strong Central

Government. Had little confidence the people to make decisions

• The National Bank

JeffersonAnti Federalist

• Democratic-Republican• Agriculture• Limited Central Gov.

Trusted in the decisions made by the people

John Marshall’s Supreme Court (1801-1835) Established under Jefferson

• Sought to increase Court’s and fed. gov’t power

• Federalist ideas

• Marbury v. Madison– Judicial review is the

courts right given in the Constitution

• McCullough v. Maryland– Implied powers of the

Supreme court to review if laws are Constitutional

Jefferson’s Louisiana Purchase

• France secretly acquired territory in 1800 from Spain

• Napoleon willing to sell land to raise $ for his War in Europe.

• Jefferson sent a mission to buy a portion of the territory

• Bought the whole territory for $15 million

• Purchasing land not mentioned in Constitution as a President’s power, Jefferson was question for exercising that power.

The Louisiana PurchaseNapoleon and France did not hold onto it for long!

• In 1803 President Jefferson just wanted New Orleans.• Sec. of State Madison got all 900,000 acres for $15 million.

The Louisiana PurchaseWhat did we buy?

The need to find out what was in this territory, leads to the two year Lewis & Clark Expedition

The territory was mapped, samples brought back, Native American relations effected.

Jefferson’s Foreign Challenges

EUROPE 1800England and France are at War.

Difficult Challenges with Foreign Affairs

• Barbary Pirates. Pirates from Tripoli who attacked and captured goods from US merchant ships and enslaved sailors.

• US threatening War w/ Tripoli• US neutral still French and British both threaten

US ships on high seas• Impressment of Americans • Embargo Act Jefferson decides to abandon all

foreign trade.

Jefferson passes The Embargo Act 1807 to deal with Foreign Affair problems

No foreign trade at all. This produces a Economic slump in the United States.

U.S. Embargo-runners emerge trying to get around the law to trade and make money

James and Dolley Madison 1809 – 1817 Was the President after Jefferson

Virginian lawyer and student of historyWrote a large part of the U.S. Constitution

An intellectual ahead of his time

The War of 1812 Second War of Independence: Causes

• US desired Spanish Florida (Spain and England allied)• British impressment• Secure a foreign market for US crops• The British army supported Native Americans resistance

through weapons and training to attack settlers moving into their land.

• “War Hawks”– Clay-Speaker of the House– Calhoun-.leading Rep.– The United States wants to prove to Britain that the

victory of the American Revolution was not luck

United States Declare War against Great Britain

The British Burn the Capital• August 1814, the British

Army invades the United States and marches on Washington D.C.

• The city surrenders and nearly all government buildings are razed by fire

• Madison rallies the American public after this defeat and America wins the war.

“The Star Spangled Banner”

• Francis Scott Key, a prisoner on a British barge witnessed the British bombardment of Fort McHenry, near Baltimore for 12 hours

• In the morning he observed that the American flag still flew over the fort and writes a poem called “The Defence of Ft McHenry” it eventually becomes a song “The Star Spangled Banner”

The Impact of the War of 1812

1. A sense of nationalism sweeps America. Nationalism is a belief and sense of pride in one’s country based on it’s achievements.

2. The nation will embark on foreign trade and begin to build a transportation system in the United States.

3. Native American resistance will be removed from the Ohio River Valley permanently opening the Midwest for expansion.

Monroe Doctrine

• European nations cannot colonize any nation in the western hemisphere.

• Any attempt to colonize is a direct threat to US interests.

• US will stay out of European affairs.

President Monroe in response to the War of 1812 created the Monroe Doctrine.His purpose to was to establish America’s dominance in the Western Hemisphere

Missouri Compromise

• Missouri wanted to be accepted in the Union

• If Missouri became a part of the United States then the balance of free states and slave states would be in favor of the slave states b one state. The North were strongly against it.

• The compromise between the North and South was that Maine would enter the union as a free state, Missouri as a slave state and slavery would not be allowed above the 26th parallel.

Sectionalism in the United States

• Sectionalism- with new territories to settle, inventions and transportation, different sections of the country developed in different ways.– North: Industrial, Business– South: cotton, slavery– West: farming

• Missouri Compromise-adding new territories, slave or free?

Important events in the Jefferson Era

• 1801 Thomas Jefferson electedJohn Marshall Chief

Justice• 1804 Louisiana Purchase• 1807 Embargo Act passed• 1812 Congress declares war• 1814 War ends• 1816 Monroe elected President• 1820 Missouri Compromise

US Population 10 million• 1823 Monroe Doctrine announced• 1825 Erie Canal opened

North Carolina during 1800-1825

North CarolinaNorth Carolina, overall was a Anti-Federalist state. Felt states rights

supersede Federal rights. “republican simplicity” NC citizens live as simply and independently as possible

North Carolina was hardly impacted by the War of 1812After War 0f 1812, many people left the state to move out westGold was found in Cabarrus county, NC was the location of the first Gold rush

in the US.The capital was moved to Raleigh from New Bern.First University……UNC was established in 1795North Carolina was and continued to be a backward state after the War of

1812Archibald Murphy: lead NC reforms. Internal improvements like canals for

better transportation. Common schools, established with taxpayer support. (Not a private school) State literary fund, to build more schools

North Carolina

NC capital burned down, states economy in depressed state, many people leaving the state. North Carolina was being called the “Rip Van Winkle state.” (asleep as the rest of the world moves on.) State leaders decided to have a state convention to rewrite the states constitution to turn the state around and create equal representation across the state.

Trail of Tears. After war of 1812 residents rushed to get the best land west of the Blue Ridge Mtns. Beginning of Whites wanting Native Americans moved west of Mississppi. Cherokee fought in removal in the courts &lost.

President Jackson convinced Cherokee to sign treaty to move West. Cherokee were forcibly removed by the US army from their homes and lands. Many died along the way. Called the Trail of Tears.