New South

New South SS8H7 The student will evaluate key political, social, and economic changes that occurred in Georgia between 1877 and 1918. a. Evaluate the impact the Bourbon Triumvirate, Henry Grady, International Cotton Exposition, Tom Watson and the Populists, Rebecca Latimer Felton, the 1906 Atlanta Riot, the Leo Frank Case, and the county unit system had on Georgia during this period.

New South leaders

All three men served either as governor of GA or U.S Senator during this time period.

Goals: 1. Expand Georgia’s economy.

2. Create a more industrialized South.

3. Keep southern traditions such as White supremacy.

These three men dominated Georgia politics from 1872 to 1890.

A.K.A guy with the beard

The Bourbon Triumvirate group of three (Brown, Colquitt, Gordon)—

wanted to strengthen economic ties with the North, while keeping white supremacy

* considered old Southern traditions

Successes

State taxes lowered

State war debts reduced

Business and industry expanded

Failures

Did not improve lives of poor

Education suffered

Did not reform prisons

Poor working conditions in factories

Decline of the Bourbon Triumvirate• “Independent Democrats” criticized the Bourbons for not

attending to the needs of the poor or improve education and working conditions in factories.

• Leaders William and Rebecca Felton worked to improve conditions for poor Georgians using newspapers to highlight problems in the state.

• The convict lease system “rented” prisoners to companies to use as workers. It took many years for the poor conditions the prisoners endured to be brought to light and changed.

Rebecca Latimer Felton Born in Decatur, Georgia (1835-1930) Married to a congressman and senator that opposed the Bourbon Democrats

Was her husbands campaign manager Became famous as a writer and fighting for women's rights

Best known as: First Female U.S. Senator (Only for a 24 hour period, she was filling in after the person in office passed away)

Rebecca Latimer Felton (cont. )

Independent Democrat Advocated for the rights of the poor and lower middle class

Causes: Advocated for the rights of women

(Woman suffrage or woman's right to vote) Worked for reform in prison system( Disagreed with Convict- lease-

system)

Prohibition: Wanted to ban the use of alcohol A.K.A (Temperance movement)

Rebecca VS. Bourbon Triumvirate “She opposed the Bourbon Triumvirate because of the convict lease system and the fact that they did nothing to improve the lives of the poor in Georgia such as create better education for the poor. ”

The Outcome of the Convict-Lease- System

“As public sympathy grew towards the plight of convict laborers, Southern states struggled over what to do. The loss of revenue was significant, and the cost of housing convicts high. Eventually, many southern states stopped leasing out their convict laborers, instead keeping them to work on public projects in chain gangs.”

Convict- Lease- System video http://www.pbs.org/tpt/slavery-by-another-name/themes/convict-leasing/

Copy/ paste the link in your web browser to watch the video,

County Unit System Purpose: The County Unit System was used by Georgia to determine victors in its primary elections.

Fact: The system was established in 1917 when the Georgia legislature, overwhelmingly dominated by the Democratic Party, passed the Neill Primary Act.

Definition: Each county was given a certain number of votes and the candidate who received the highest number of votes in that county won all the "unit votes," under a form of block voting. A candidate had to have a majority of county unit votes to win and if no candidate received a majority, then a run-off election would be held between the top two finishers

How votes were distributed: There were 410 County unit votes. The eight most populous counties had six unit votes each (a total of 48), the next 30 most populous counties had four votes each (a total of 120) and the remaining 121 counties had two votes each (a total of 242). The counties with two votes therefore had a majority of the votes, despite only making up one-third of the population in 1962 when the system was abolished by the courts.

Unconstitutional: In 1963, the county unit system was declared unconstitutional by the United States Supreme Court in its Gray v. Sanders decision. The Supreme Court found that the system violated the "one man, one vote" principle. Violated the 14th amendment.

Henry W. Grady (1850-1889)

Born: Athens, Georgia Editor/Journalist of Atlanta Journal Constitution from 1880 to 1889 Urged people to forget the past and create a “New South” Wanted to create industry from within the state His paper helped to bring investments to the North

Promoted his ideas through the Atlanta Constitution, as editor.

Grady cont.

Supported and sought northern investment in southern industry Newspaper helped ease racial tension Helped bring jobs, recognition, and investments to Georgia A principal planner for the International Cotton Exposition in 1881 to show off the South’s new industries

Grady Hospital When it opened in 1892, Grady Hospital represented the most advanced principles and philosophies of medicine and hospital architecture. The city-owned and operated hospital was named for Henry W. Grady, a prominent Atlanta newspaper editor and proponent of the "New South." He and other leaders of Atlanta wanted a facility that would be free from all sectarian and denominational influences. When Grady Hospital opened, it welcomed rich, poor, black and white.

International Cotton Exposition Event held in 1881 and 1895; created to show the economic recovery and potential of the South after Reconstruction; tried to get businessmen to invest money in Georgia by building factories (industry).

Populist party ◦Political party created by American farmers in the late 1800's during industrialization

Atlanta race riot

http://www.blackpast.org/aah/atlanta-race-riot-1906

Paste the link in your web browser Read the passage Answer the questions on your handout

Leo Frank Case http://www.gpb.org/georgiastories/stories/new_south_and_leo_frank

Jim Crow Laws http://www.ducksters.com/history/civil_rights/jim_crow_laws.php

Works cited http://www.georgiacca.com/unit.cfm

https://www.coursehero.com/flashcards/490983/Bourbon-TriumvirateNew-South-terms/

http://www.georgiaencyclopedia.org/articles/history-archaeology/rebecca-latimer-felton-1835-1930

bill.Dillon/the_new_south_ss8h7a

http://www.ducksters.com/history/civil_rights/jim_crow_laws.php