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ARYA COLLEGE of ENGG. & IT

Submitted To:Er. Sandeep Tomar(Assistant Professor)

Submitted By:Arpit Jain(10EARCS021)

Wearable Computing

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Content

1. The Early Days2. Evolution of Wearable Computing Techniques3. Introduction4. Operational Modes5. Technology Implementation6. Powering the Device7. Advantages8. Disadvantages9. Future Scope10.Conclusion11.References

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The Early Days

“How Did it Start?”

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STEVE MANN-The Inventor of Wearable Computing

1991: Started the ”Wearable Computing Project” at MIT.

1995: World’s first Wearable Computer- Camera and display concealed in ordinary Eyeglasses.

1997: PhD from MIT in the field he himself had invented.

The current moves in standardization with IEEE, IETF and several industry groups (e.g. Bluetooth) leads to more various interfacing under the WPAN (wireless personal area network) and the WBAN (Wireless body area network) offer new classification of designs for interfacing and networking.

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Evolution of Wearable Computing Technology:

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Introduction: Wearable computers, also known as body-borne computers or wearables are miniature

electronic devices that are worn by the bearer under, with or on top of clothing.

Modular computers whose components are small and light enough to be worn on a user's body for convenient operation.

The input and output components of wearables are worn close to the user's sensors (eyes and ears) and actuators (hands and mouth).

The computer evolution has moved from mainframes, to the desktop, and now the computing power is moving onti the person.

The user actually “Wearing” the computer, can utilize the power and functionality virtually anywhere in the environment.

The technology is developing and changing rapidly primarily due to vast changes in computer speed, wireless technology and miniaturization of components.

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Operational Modes: Constancy

Augmentation

Mediation

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Technology Implementation: Input Devices

Speech Recogniser Keyboard alternative including chording

keyboards and special purpose keyboards

Mouse alternatives including trackballs, joysticks

Eye tracker Head Mounted Display Camera Recording View Gesturing Audio eg. Speaker and Mic Network Availability Video Capture devices, microphones,

GPS locators Other exotic devices such as skin

sensors

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Head Mounted Display:• Small screen, typically covering one of your

eyes.• Works like an ordinary monitor, providing an

image floating in the air in front of you.

• Transparent displays  – Allows augmented reality, where virtual information overlaps the real world.

• Opaque displays 

– Less sensitive to the background noise. State of the art.

– Smallest.– Advanced.

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Camera

• Any small camera. 

– Ordinary web camera. 

– Custom made camera.

• Suitable placement 

– Head, follows user’s gaze. 

– Shoulder, more stable.

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Input Devices• Keyboard

Canasta's IR keyboard.Arm-strapped keyboard.

• Mouse • Gestures

The Gesture pendant Fingers for dialing numbers

• Voice recognitionSuitable at times, but not as a

generic solution for everything.

• Multi-modal interfacesCombining several types of

input, e.g. voice and gestures.

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Output Devices:

• Sight – Visual output 

HMD, wrist watch... • Hearing – Audio/sound/speech/music. 

Speakers, earplug/headset... • Touch – Tactile feedback 

Example: The radar vest, allowing a person to”feel” objects in the surrounding.

 • Taste and smell – Not that common, yet.

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Computer Itself

Anything small but powerful enough!

– Laptop or TabletPC 

– PC104 (a small PC) 

– Xybernaut 

– PDA, iPAQ, Toshiba 

– Or something else...

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Network Connectivity

• Benefits of having a network– Access to the Internet.– Communication.

 

• Wireless network connection– WaveLAN,

IEEE802.11b– GPRS or UMTS (3G)– Bluetooth– Infra-red

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Powering the Device:• Power is a significant problem! 

– You don’t want to drag a power cable behind you...

– All devices consume power.• Tradeoff between functionality and power.

– Batteries never last long enough. E.g. a laptop can run ~2-4 hours.

• Typical power consumptions  – Desktop computer, 100W  – Laptop computer, 10W  – Embedded CPU, 1W • Human body uses ~120W.  – We need, let’s say, 5W for a wearable.

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Human Powered Devices

Examples of human power availability

– Body heat, 0.6 – 4.8W (wetsuit clothes)– Breath, 0.4 – 2.5W (pressure mask)– Blood pressure, 0.2W (turbine)– Limb motion, 0.3 – 1.5W (pulleys)– Finger motion, 0.019W (keyboard typing)– Walking, 5 – 8W (shoe generator) Walking is the best method so far.

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Advantages:

Enhanced Communication

Able to use wearable computers to complete daily tasks such as a computer which tracks the movements and habits of a person.

• Flexibility• Freedom• Work from anywhere• Convenience

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Disadvantages:

Equipment can be heavy, Expensive

Some wearable computer can consist of a lot of wiring

Can cause irritation in heat, Side-Effects such as Headaches

Can be used to gain an unfair advantage over others

Security Concerns:i. Threat of being attackedii. Threat of false read and write to memoryiii.Security and protection by context controliv.Threat residually with pairing

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Future Scope: These would dominate in the near future.

All the electronic devices would be able to communicate with each other and recognise who you are similar as shown in the movie Minority Report

Fitness and health bands will remain king

The "Internet of Things" will be a driver of wearables.

The Internet of Things, where regular items such as refrigerators or washing machines have enough smarts to talk to each other, is another hot trend.

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Conclusion:• Wearable computing

– Invented by Steve Mann in the 1970s.• Technology

– HMD, I/O devices, networks, power, etc.• Applications

– Augmented memory.– Mediated reality.– Enhanced senses.– Avalanche rescue.– Market network.– Health-care.

• Research issues– Interaction, merging with pervasive computing.– Much more remains...

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References:[1] http://www.sci-tech-today.com/story.xhtml?story_id=02000000H1ZW

[2] http://www.campustechnology.com/articles/40766/

[3] http://about.eyetap.org/fundamentals

[4] http://wearcam.org/cyborg.htm

[5] L. Gorlenko and R. Merrick, No wires attached: Usability challenges in the connected mobile world. IBM Systems Journal. Volume 42, Number 4, 2003

[6] Weiss, Handheld Usability, John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, NJ (2002).

[7] B. J. Rhodes, “The Remembrance Agent,” Proceedings of the First International Conference on the Practical Application of Intelligent Agents and Multi-Agent Technology (PAAM'96), 487–495 (1996).

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Thank You !!