New Testament References and Allusions to the Apocryphal Writings

THE BIBLICAL CANON

Its Origin, Transmission, and Authority

Lee Martin McDonald

BakerAcademic a division of Baker Publishing Group

Grand Rapids, Michigan

APPENDIX D

New Testament Citations of and Allusions to Apocryphal and

Pseudepigraphal Writingsl

Matthew 4:4 Wisdom of Solomon 16:26 4:15 1 Maccabees 5:15 5:2-12 Sirach 25:7-12 5:4 Sirach 48:24 5:5 1 Enoch 5:7 5:11 4 Esdras 7:14 5:18 Baruch 4:1 5:28 Sirach 9:8 6:7 Sirach 7:14 6:9 Sirach 23:1 6:9 Sirach 23:4 6:10 1 Maccabees 3:60 6:12 Sirach 28:2 6:13 Sirach 33:1 6:20 4 Esdras 7:77 6:20 Sirach 29:10-11 6:23 Sirach 14:10 6:26 Psalms of Solomon 5:9-19 6:29 3 Esdras 1:4 6:33 Wisdom of Solomon 7:11 7:12 Tobit 4:15 7:12 Sirach 31:15 7:13 4 Esdras 7:6-14

1Source: Adapted from Novum Testamentum Graece (27th ed.; ed. B. Aland, K. Aland, J. Karavidopoulos, C. M. Martini, and B. M. Metzger; Stuttgart: Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft, 1993), 800-806. A more complete listing is in C. A. Evans, An-cient Texts for New Testament Studies, Appendix Two, 342-409.

NT Citations and Allusions to Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha 453

7:16 Sirach 27:6 8:11 4 Maccabees 13:17 8:11 Baruch 4:37 8:21 Tobit 4:3 9:36 Judith 11:19 9:38 1 Maccabees 12:17 10:16 Sirach 13:17 10:22 4 Esdras 6:25 10:28 4 Maccabees 13:14 11:14 Sirach 48:10 11:22 Judith 16:17 11:23 Psalms of Solomon 1:5 11:25 Tobit 7:17 11:25 Sirach 51:1 11:28 Sirach 24:19 11:28 Sirach 51:23 11:29 Sirach 6:24-25 11:29 Sirach 6:28-29 11:29 Sirach 51:26-27 12:4 2 Maccabees 10:3 13:3 4 Esdras 8:41 13:3 4 Esdras 9:31-37 13:5 Sirach 40:15 13:6 Psalms of Solomon 18:6-7 13:39 3 Esdras 7:113 13:39 1 Enoch 16:1 13:44 Sirach 20:30-31 16:18 Wisdom of Solomon 16:13 16:22 1 Maccabees 2:21 16:27 Sirach 35:22 17:11 Sirach 48:10 18:10 Tobit 12:15 19:28 Psalms of Solomon 17:26 19:28 Psalms of Solomon 17:29 20:2 Tobit 5:15 21:12 Psalms of Solomon 17:30 22:13 Wisdom of Solomon 17:2 22:14 4 Esdras 8:3 22:14 4 Esdras 8:41 22:32 4 Maccabees 7:19 22:32 4 Maccabees 16:25 23:38 Tobit 14:4 24:15 1 Maccabees 1:54 24:15 2 Maccabees 8:17 24:16 1 Maccabees 2:28

454

25:31 25:31 25:31 25:35 25:36 26:13 26:24 26:38

THE BIBLICAL CANON

1 Enoch 1 Enoch 1 Enoch Tobit Sirach 1 Enoch 1 Enoch Sirach

61:8 62:2-3 69:27 4:17 7:32-35 103:4 38:2 37:2

26:64 1 Enoch 69:27 27:24 Susanna 46 27:43 Wisdom of Solomon 2:13 27:43 Wisdom of Solomon 2:18-20

Mark 1:15 Tobit 14:5 3:27 Psalms of Solomon 5:3 4:5 Sirach 40:15 4:11 Wisdom of Solomon 2:22 4:14 4 Esdras 8:41 4:14 4 Esdras 9:31-37 5:34 Judith 8:35 6:49 Wisdom of Solomon 17:15 8:29 1 Enoch 48:10 8:37 Sirach 26:14 9:31 Sirach 2:18 9:48 Judith 16:17 10:19 Sirach 4:1 12:25 1 Enoch 15:6-7 12:25 1 Enoch 51:4 13:8 4 Esdras 13:30-32 13:13 4 Esdras 6:25 14:34 Sirach 37:2 15:29 Wisdom of Solomon 2:17-18

Luke 1:17 Sirach 48:10 1:19 Tobit 12:15 1:42 Judith 13:18 1:42 2 Baruch 54:10 1:52 Sirach 10:14 2:11 Psalms of Solomon 17:32 2:14 Psalms of Solomon 18:10 2:29 Tobit 11:9 2:37 Judith 8:6 6:12 4 Maccabees 3:13-19 6:24 1 Enoch 94:8 6:35 Wisdom of Solomon 15:1 7:22 Sirach 48:5 9:8 Sirach 48:10

NT Citations and Allusions to Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha 455

10:17 Tobit 7:17 10:19 Sirach 11:19 10:21 Sirach 51:1 12:19 Tobit 7:10 12:19 1 Enoch 97:8-10 12:20 Wisdom of Solomon 15:8 13:27 1 Maccabees 3:6 13:29 Baruch 4:37 13:35 Tobit 14:4 14:13 Tobit 2:2 15:12 1 Maccabees 10:29[30] 15:12 Tobit 3:17 16:23 4 Maccabees 13:15 16:9 1 Enoch 39:4 16:9 1 Enoch 63:10 16:26 4 Esdras 7:36 16:26 1 Enoch 22:9-14 18:7 Sirach 35:22 19:44 Wisdom of Solomon 3:7 20:37 4 Maccabees 7:19 20:37 4 Maccabees 16:25 21:24 Tobit 14:5 21:24 Sirach 28:18 21:24 Psalms of Solomon 17:25 21:25 Wisdom of Solomon 5:22 21:28 1 Enoch 51:2 22:37 Psalms of Solomon 16:5 24:4 2 Maccabees 3:26 24:31 2 Maccabees 3:34 24:50 Sirach 50:20-21 24:53 Sirach 50:22 1:3 Wisdom of Solomon 9:1 1:14 Psalms of Solomon 7:6 3:8 Sirach 16:21 3:12 Wisdom of Solomon 9:16 3:12 Wisdom of Solomon 18:15-16 3:13 4 Esdras 4:8 3:13 Baruch 3:29 3:21 Tobit 4:6 3:27 Psalms of Solomon 5:3-4 3:29 1 Maccabees 9:39 4:9 Sirach 50:25-26 4:48 Wisdom of Solomon 8:8 5:18 Wisdom of Solomon 2:16 5:22 1 Enoch 69:27

456 THE BIBLICAL CANON

6:35 Sirach 24:21 7:38 Sirach 24:30-31 7:42 Psalms of Solomon 11:21 8:44 Wisdom of Solomon 2:24 8:53 Sirach 44:19 10:20 Wisdom of Solomon 5:4 10:22 1 Maccabees 4:59 12:26 4 Maccabees 17:20 14:15 Wisdom of Solomon 6:18 15:9-10 Wisdom of Solomon 3:9 15:25 Psalms of Solomon 7:1 17:3 Wisdom of Solomon 15:3 20:22 Wisdom of Solomon 15:11

Acts 1:8 Psalms of Solomon 8:15 1:10 2 Maccabees 3:26 1:18 Wisdom of Solomon 4:19 2:4 Sirach 48:12 2:11 Sirach 36:7 2:39 Sirach 24:32 4:24 Judith 9:12 5:2 2 Maccabees 4:32 5:7 3 Maccabees 4:17 5:21 1 Maccabees 12:6 5:21 2 Maccabees 1:10 5:39 2 Maccabees 7:19 7:36 Assumption of Moses 3:11 9:1-29 2 Maccabees 3:24-40 9:1-29 4 Maccabees 4:1-14 9:2 1 Maccabees 15:21 9:7 Wisdom of Solomon 18:1 10:2 Tobit 12:8 10:22 1 Maccabees 10:25 10:22 1 Maccabees 11:30 10:22 1 Maccabees 11:33, etc. 10:26 Wisdom of Solomon 7:1 10:30 2 Maccabees 11:8 10:34 Sirach 35:12-13 10:36 Wisdom of Solomon 6:7 10:36 Wisdom of Solomon 8:3, etc. 11:18 Wisdom of Solomon 12:19 12:5 Judith 4:9 12:10 Sirach 19:26 12:23 1 Maccabees 7:41 12:23 2 Maccabees 9:9 12:23 Judith 16:17

NT Citations and Allusions to Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha 457

Romans

12:23 Sirach 48:21 13:10 Sirach 1:30 13:17 Wisdom of Solomon 19:10 14:14 Judith 14:16-17 14:15 4 Maccabees 12:13 14:15 Wisdom of Solomon 7:3 15:4 Judith 8:26 15:29 4 Maccabees 5:2 16:14 2 Maccabees 1:4 16:23 Testament ofJoseph 8:5 16:25 Testament ofJoseph 8:5 17:23 Wisdom of Solomon 14:20 17:23 Wisdom of Solomon 15:17 17:24 Tobit 7:17 17:24 Wisdom of Solomon 9:9 17:24-25 Wisdom of Solomon 9:1 17:26 Wisdom of Solomon 7:18 17:27 Wisdom of Solomon 13:6 17:29 Wisdom of Solomon 13:10 17:30 Sirach 28:7 19:27 Wisdom of Solomon 3:17 19:28 Bel and the Dragon 18 19:28 Bel and the Dragon 41 20:26 Susanna 46 20:32 Wisdom of Solomon 5:5 20:35 Sirach 4:31 21:26 1 Maccabees 3:49 22:9 Wisdom of Solomon 18:1 24:2 2 Maccabees 4:6 24:14 4 Maccabees 12:17 26:18 Wisdom of Solomon 5:5 26:25 Judith 10:13 1:4 Testament of Levi 18:7 1:18 1 Enoch 91:7 1:19 2 Baruch 54:17-18 1:19-32 Wisdom of Solomon 13-15 1:21 4 Esdras 8:60 1:21 Wisdom of Solomon 13:1 1:21 1 Enoch 99:8 1:23 Wisdom of Solomon 11:15 1:23 Wisdom of Solomon 12:24 1:25 Assumption of Moses 5:4 1:26 Testament ofJoseph 7:8 1:28 2 Maccabees 6:4 1:28 3 Maccabees 4:16

458 THE BIBLICAL CANON

1:29-31 4 Maccabees 1:26 1:29-31 4 Maccabees 2:15 2:3 Psalms of Solomon 15:8 2:4 Wisdom of Solomon 11:23 2:5 Psalms of Solomon 9:5 2:5 Testament of Levi 3:2 2:11 Sirach 35:12-13 2:15 Wisdom of Solomon 17:11 2:15 2 Baruch 57:2 2:15 Testament of Reuben 4:3 2:17 Psalms of Solomon 17:1 2:17 2 Baruch 48:22 2:22 Testament of Levi 14:4 2:29 Jubilees 1:23

3:3 Psalms of Solomon 8:28 4:13 Sirach 44:21 4:13 Jubilees 19:21, etc. 4:13 2 Baruch 14:13 4:13 2 Baruch 51:3 4:17 Sirach 44:19 4:17 2 Baruch 48:8

5:3 Testament of Joseph 10:1 5:5 Sirach 18:11

5:12 4 Esdras 3:21-22 5:12 4 Esdras 3:26 5:12 Wisdom of Solomon 2:24 5:12 2 Baruch 23:4 5:12 2 Baruch 54:15

5:16 4 Esdras 7:118-19

7:7 4 Maccabees 2:5-6 7:10 Psalms of Solomon 14:1 7:12 4 Esdras 9:37 7:23 4 Esdras 7:72 8:18 2 Baruch 15:8

8:18 2 Baruch 32:6 8:19 4 Esdras 7:11 8:19 4 Esdras 7:75 8:22 4 Esdras 10:9 8:28 Psalms of Solomon 4:25, etc. 9:4 2 Maccabees 6:23 9:4 Sirach 44:12 9:4 Sirach 44:18, etc.

9:16 Assumption of Moses 12:7 9:19 Wisdom of Solomon 12:12

9:21 Wisdom of Solomon 15:7

NT Citations and Allusions to Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha 459

9:22 2 Baruch 59:6 9:24 Jubilees 2:19 9:31 Sirach 27:8 9:31 Wisdom of Solomon 2:11 10:6 4 Esdras 4:8 10:6 Baruch 3:29 10:7 Wisdom of Solomon 16:13 11:4 2 Maccabees 2:4 11:15 Sirach 10:20-21 11:25 4 Esdras 4:35-36 11:25 Testament of Zebulun 9-10 11:33 Wisdom of Solomon 17:1 11:33 2 Baruch 14:8-9 12:1 Testament of Levi 3:6 12:15 Sirach 7:34 12:21 Testament of Benjamin 4:3-4 13:1 Sirach 4:27 13:1 Wisdom of Solomon 6:3-4 13:9 4 Maccabees 2:6 13:10 Wisdom of Solomon 6:18 15:4 1 Maccabees 12:9 15:8 Sirach 36:20 15:16 4 Maccabees 7:8 variant 15:33 Testament of Dan 5:2 16:27 4 Maccabees 18:24

1 Corinthians 1:24 Wisdom of Solomon 7:24-25 2:9 Sirach 1:10 2:16 Wisdom of Solomon 9:13 4:13 Tobit 5:19 4:14 Wisdom of Solomon 11:10 4:17 1 Enoch 104:13 6:2 Wisdom of Solomon 3:8 6:12 Sirach 37:28 6:13 Sirach 36:18 6:18 Sirach 23:17 6:18 Testament of Reuben 5:5 7:19 Sirach 32:23 9:10 Sirach 6:19 9:25 Wisdom of Solomon 4:2 10:1 Wisdom of Solomon 19:7-8 10:20 Baruch 4:7 10:23 Sirach 37:28 11:7 Sirach 17:3 11:7 Wisdom of Solomon 2:23 11:24 Wisdom of Solomon 16:6

460 THE BIBLICAL CANON

12:2 3 Maccabees 4:16

13:13 3 Esdras 4:38

15:19 Apocalypse of Baruch 21:13

15:29 2 Maccabees 12:43-44

15:32 Wisdom of Solomon 2:5-6

15:34 Wisdom of Solomon 13:1

2 Corinthians 5:1 Wisdom of Solomon 9:15

5:4 Wisdom of Solomon 9:15

11:14 Life of Adam and Eve 9 12:2 Testament of Levi 2

12:12 Wisdom of Solomon 10:16

Galatians 1:5 4 Maccabees 18:24

2:6 Sirach 35:13

4:4 Tobit 14:5

4:10 1 Enoch 72-82

6:1 Wisdom of Solomon 17:17

6:17 3 Maccabees 2:29

Ephesians 1:6 Sirach 45:1

1:6 Sirach 46:13

1:17 Wisdom of Solomon 7:7

3:9 3 Maccabees 2:3

4:14 Sirach 5:9 4:24 Wisdom of Solomon 9:3 6:13 Wisdom of Solomon 5:17

6:14 Wisdom of Solomon 5:18

6:16 Wisdom of Solomon 5:19

6:16 Wisdom of Solomon 5:21

6:24 Psalms of Solomon 4:25, etc.

Philippians 4:5 Wisdom of Solomon 2:19

4:13 Wisdom of Solomon 7:23

4:18 Sirach 35:6

Colossians 1:22 1 Enoch 102:5

2:3 Sirach 1:24-25

2:3 1 Enoch 46:3

1 Thessalonians 1:3 4 Maccabees 17:4

1:8 4 Maccabees 16:12

3:11 Judith 12:8

4:6 Sirach 5:3 4:13 Wisdom of Solomon 3:18

5:1 Wisdom of Solomon 8:8

5:2 Wisdom of Solomon 18:14-15

5:3 Wisdom of Solomon 17:14

5:3 1 Enoch 62:4

5:8 Wisdom of Solomon 5:18

2 Thessalonians 2:1 2 Maccabees 2:7

NT Citations and Allusions to Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha 461

1 Timothy 1:17 Tobit 13:7 1:17 Tobit 13:11 2:2 2 Maccabees 3:11 2:2 Baruch 1:11-12 3:16 4 Maccabees 6:31 3:16 4 Maccabees 7:16 3:16 4 Maccabees 16:1 6:15 2 Maccabees 12:15 6:15 2 Maccabees 13:4 6:15 3 Maccabees 5:35 6:15 Sirach 46:5

2 Timothy 2:19 Sirach 17:26 2:19 Sirach 23:10

variant 2:19 Sirach 35:3 3:11 Psalms of Solomon 4:23 4:8 Wisdom of Solomon 5:16 4:17 1 Maccabees 2:60

Titus 2:11 2 Maccabees 3:30 2:11 3 Maccabees 6:9 3:4 Wisdom of Solomon 1:6

Hebrews 1:3 Wisdom of Solomon 7:25-26 2:5 Sirach 17:17 4:12 Wisdom of Solomon 7:22-30 4:12 Wisdom of Solomon 18:15-16 4:13 1 Enoch 9:5 4:15 Psalms of Solomon 17:36 5:6 1 Maccabees 14:41 6:12 Psalms of Solomon 12:6 7:22 Sirach 29:14-20 9:26 Testament of Levi 18:9 11:5 Sirach 44:16 11:5 Wisdom of Solomon 4:10 11:6 Wisdom of Solomon 10:17 11:10 2 Maccabees 4:1 11:10 Wisdom of Solomon 13:1 11:17 Sirach 2:52 11:17 1 Maccabees 44:20 11:25 4 Maccabees 15:2 11:25 4 Maccabees 15:8 11:27 Sirach 2:2 11:28 Wisdom of Solomon 18:25 11:35 2 Maccabees 6:18-7:42 11:37 Martyrdom and Ascension of Isaiah 5:11-14 12:1 4 Maccabees 16:16

462

James

THE BIBLICAL CANON

12:1 4 Maccabees 17:10-15 12:4 2 Maccabees 13:14

12:7 Psalms of Solomon 10:2 12:7 Psalms of Solomon 14:1 12:9 2 Maccabees 3:24 12:12 Sirach 25:23

12:17 Wisdom of Solomon 12:10 12:21 1 Maccabees 13:2 12:23 1 Enoch 22:9

13:7 Sirach 33:19 13:7 Wisdom of Solomon 2:17 13:15 Psalms of Solomon 15:2-3 1:1 2 Maccabees 1:27 1:2 Sirach 2:1 1:2 Wisdom of Solomon 3:4-5

1:3 4 Maccabees 1:11

1:3 Testament of Joseph 10:1 1:4 4 Maccabees 15:7 1:13 Sirach 15:11-20

1:14 1 Enoch 98:4 1:19 Sirach 5:11 1:21 Sirach 3:17 2:13 Tobit 4:10 2:23 Wisdom of Solomon 7:27 3:2 Sirach 14:1 3:6 Sirach 5:13 3:6 1 Enoch 48:7

3:9 Sirach 23:1

3:9 Sirach 23:4

3:10 Sirach 5:13

3:10 Sirach 28:12 3:13 Sirach 3:17 4:2 1 Maccabees 8:16

4:7 Testament of Naphtali 8:4 4:8 Testament of Dan 6:2 4:11 Wisdom of Solomon 1:11 4:13 1 Enoch 97:8-10

5:1 1 Enoch 94:8

5:3 Judith 16:17

5:3 Sirach 29:10

5:4 Tobit 4:14 5:6 Wisdom of Solomon 2:10 5:6 Wisdom of Solomon 2:12 5:6 Wisdom of Solomon 2:19

5:10 4 Maccabees 9:8

NT Citations and Allusions to Apocrypha and Pseudepigrapha 463

1 Peter

2 Peter

1 John

Jude

Revelation

1:3 Sirach 16:12 1:7 Sirach 2:5 1:12 1 Enoch 1:2 1:12 1 Enoch 16:3 2:25 Wisdom of Solomon 1:6 3:19 1 Enoch 9:10 3:19 1 Enoch 10:11-15 4:19 2 Maccabees 1:24, etc. 5:7 Wisdom of Solomon 12:13 1:19 4 Esdras 12:42 2:2 Wisdom of Solomon 5:6 2:4 1 Enoch 10:4-5 2:4 1 Enoch 10:11-14 2:4 1 Enoch 91:15 2:7 3 Maccabees 2:13 2:7 Wisdom of Solomon 10:6 3:6 1 Enoch 83:3-5 3:9 Sirach 35:19 3:18 Sirach 18:10 4:6 Psalms of Solomon 8:14 5:21 Epistle of Jeremiah 72 4 1 Enoch 48:10 6 1 Enoch 10:6 6 1 Enoch 12:4 6 1 Enoch 22:11 13 Wisdom of Solomon 14:1 13 1 Enoch 18:15-16 13 1 Enoch 21:5-6 14 1 Enoch 1:9 14 1 Enoch 60:8 14 1 Enoch 93:3 16 1 Enoch 5:4 1:18 Sirach 18:1 2:10 2 Maccabees 13:14 2:12 Wisdom of Solomon 18:15-16 2:17 2 Maccabees 2:4-8 2:27 Psalms of Solomon 17:23-24 3:18 Psalms of Solomon 17:43 4:11 3 Maccabees 2:3 4:11 Sirach 18:1 4:11 Wisdom of Solomon 1:14 5:7 Sirach 1:8 5:11 1 Enoch 14:22 5:11 1 Enoch 40:1 7:9 2 Maccabees 10:7

464 THE BIBLICAL CANON

8:1 Wisdom of Solomon 18:14 8:2 Tobit 12:15 8:3 Tobit 12:12 8:7 Sirach 39:29 8:7 Wisdom of Solomon 16:22 8:8 1 Enoch 18:13 8:8 1 Enoch 21:3 8:10 1 Enoch 86:1 9:3 Wisdom of Solomon 16:9 11:19 2 Maccabees 2:4-8 13:14 1 Enoch 54:6 15:3 1 Enoch 9:4 16:5 1 Enoch 66:2 17:9 1 Enoch 21:3 17:14 2 Maccabees 13:4 17:14 3 Maccabees 5:35 17:14 1 Enoch 9:4 18:2 Baruch 4:35 19:1 Tobit 13:18 19:1 Psalms of Solomon 8:2 19:11 2 Maccabees 3:25 19:11 2 Maccabees 11:8 19:16 2 Maccabees 13:4 19:20 1 Enoch 10:6 20:3 1 Enoch 18:16 20:3 1 Enoch 21:6 20:12-13 Sirach 16:12 20:13 1 Enoch 51:1 20:13 1 Enoch 61:5 21:19-20 Tobit 13:17 22:1 1 Enoch 14:19 22:2 Psalms of Solomon 14:3