new theories of dissociation: applications to therapy and healing robert scaer, m.d....
TRANSCRIPT
NEW THEORIES NEW THEORIES OF DISSOCIATION:OF DISSOCIATION:APPLICATIONS TO APPLICATIONS TO
THERAPYTHERAPYAND HEALINGAND HEALING
ROBERT SCAER, M.D.ROBERT SCAER, [email protected]
THE ROOTS OF THE ROOTS OF TRAUMATRAUMA
A THREAT TO LIFEA THREAT TO LIFE
IN THE FACE OF HELPLESSNESSIN THE FACE OF HELPLESSNESS
THE FIGHT /FLIGHT / FREEZE THE FIGHT /FLIGHT / FREEZE RESPONSERESPONSE
THE FREEZE RESPONSETHE FREEZE RESPONSE
• NUMBING THROUGH ENDORPHINSNUMBING THROUGH ENDORPHINS
• VAGAL (PARASYMPATHETIC) TONEVAGAL (PARASYMPATHETIC) TONE
• BIMODAL SYMPATHETIC / BIMODAL SYMPATHETIC /
PARASYMPATHETIC CYCLINGPARASYMPATHETIC CYCLING
(ACCELERATOR / BRAKE (ACCELERATOR / BRAKE
ANALOGY)ANALOGY)
HYPNOSISHYPNOSIS-- FREUD:FREUD: “…a paralysis produced “…a paralysis produced
by the influence of an omnipotent by the influence of an omnipotent person on a defenseless, impotent person on a defenseless, impotent subject”subject”
- - PAVLOV:PAVLOV: ANIMAL HYPNOSIS - ANIMAL HYPNOSIS - “…a “…a self-protecting reflex of an inhibitory self-protecting reflex of an inhibitory nature”nature”
- PERSISTANCE OF REFLEX MOTOR - PERSISTANCE OF REFLEX MOTOR POSTURES IMITATING THE LAST POSITION POSTURES IMITATING THE LAST POSITION OF THE LIMBS BEFORE HYPNOSIS ENSUEDOF THE LIMBS BEFORE HYPNOSIS ENSUED
LESSONS FROM THE WILD:LESSONS FROM THE WILD:
THE CRITICAL IMPORTANCETHE CRITICAL IMPORTANCE
OF DISCHARGINGOF DISCHARGING
THE FREEZE RESPONSETHE FREEZE RESPONSE
FREEZE/IMMOBILIZATIONFREEZE/IMMOBILIZATIONAND SURVIVALAND SURVIVAL
BABY CHICKSBABY CHICKS
NOTNOTIMMOBILIZED IMMOBILIZED IMMOBILIZED IMMOBILIZED IMMOBILIZED IMMOBILIZED
SPONTANEOUSSPONTANEOUS FORCEDFORCED
RECOVERYRECOVERY RECOVERY RECOVERY
BESTBEST INTERMEDIATE WORST INTERMEDIATE WORSTDROWNINGDROWNING DROWNING DROWNING DROWNING DROWNING SURVIVAL SURVIVAL SURVIVALSURVIVAL SURVIVAL SURVIVAL
ANIMALS THAT DO NOT ANIMALS THAT DO NOT DISCHARGE THE DISCHARGE THE
FREEZEFREEZE• ZOO ANIMALSZOO ANIMALS• LABORATORY ANIMALSLABORATORY ANIMALS• DOMESTIC ANIMALSDOMESTIC ANIMALS• HUMAN ANIMALSHUMAN ANIMALS
Q: WHAT DO THESE ANIMALS HAVEQ: WHAT DO THESE ANIMALS HAVE
IN COMMON?IN COMMON?
A: THEY ALL LIVE IN A CAGE!A: THEY ALL LIVE IN A CAGE!
MEMORY IN TRAUMAMEMORY IN TRAUMA
• TRAUMATIC STRESS: A TRAUMATIC STRESS: A LIFE THREATLIFE THREAT WHILE IN A STATE OF WHILE IN A STATE OF HELPLESSNESSHELPLESSNESS
• THIS LEADS TO THE THIS LEADS TO THE FREEZE RESPONSEFREEZE RESPONSE• DISCHARGE OF THE FREEZE RESPONSE DISCHARGE OF THE FREEZE RESPONSE
ALLOWS “COMPLETION” OF ESCAPE ALLOWS “COMPLETION” OF ESCAPE OR DEFENSE IN PROCEDURAL OR DEFENSE IN PROCEDURAL MEMORY, MEMORY, EXTINGUISHES EXTINGUISHES CONDITIONED CONDITIONED SOMATIC CUESSOMATIC CUES
CONDITIONING IN TRAUMACONDITIONING IN TRAUMA
• LACK OF “COMPLETION” IMPRINTS THE LACK OF “COMPLETION” IMPRINTS THE CONDITIONED ASSOCIATION OF:CONDITIONED ASSOCIATION OF:
- THE THREAT- THE THREAT
- ITS SENSORIMOTOR EXPERIENCE- ITS SENSORIMOTOR EXPERIENCE
(OR TRAUMATIC CUES)(OR TRAUMATIC CUES)
- AND THE STATE OF AROUSAL- AND THE STATE OF AROUSAL
WITHIN PROCEDURAL MEMORY!WITHIN PROCEDURAL MEMORY!
THIS ASSOCIATION LEADS TO THIS ASSOCIATION LEADS TO FEAR FEAR CONDITIONINGCONDITIONING, OR , OR TRAUMATIZATIONTRAUMATIZATION
DISSOCIATION:DISSOCIATION:??
THE PERCEPTUAL THE PERCEPTUAL COMPONENT COMPONENT
OF OF THE FREEZE RESPONSETHE FREEZE RESPONSE
??
THE HISTORYTHE HISTORYOF TRAUMA OF TRAUMA
AND DISSOCIATIONAND DISSOCIATIONININ
PSYCHIATRYPSYCHIATRY
CHARCOT AND THE CHARCOT AND THE SALPSALPÊÊTRITRIÈÈRERE
THE STUDYTHE STUDY
OF HYSTERIAOF HYSTERIA
AS A AS A
NEUROLOGICAL NEUROLOGICAL SYNDROMESYNDROME
JANET AND DISSOCIATIONJANET AND DISSOCIATION
• ““FIXED IDEAS”: THE SPECTRUM OF FIXED IDEAS”: THE SPECTRUM OF SYMPTOMS IN HYSTERIASYMPTOMS IN HYSTERIA
• SOMATIC, EMOTIONAL, PERCEPTUAL SOMATIC, EMOTIONAL, PERCEPTUAL SYMPTOMS TRIGGERED BY SYMPTOMS TRIGGERED BY
TRAUMATRAUMA• ““ABSENT MINDEDNESS” AND ABSENT MINDEDNESS” AND ABULIAABULIA- -
THE INABILITY TO INITIATE ACTIONTHE INABILITY TO INITIATE ACTION• TRIGGERING OF HYSTERIA BY CUES IN TRIGGERING OF HYSTERIA BY CUES IN
THE ENVIRONMENTTHE ENVIRONMENT
THE AGE OF HYSTERIATHE AGE OF HYSTERIA
• BREUER, THE “TALKING CURE”, BREUER, THE “TALKING CURE”, AND “REMINISCENCES”AND “REMINISCENCES”
• FREUD, INCEST AND “THE FREUD, INCEST AND “THE AETIOLOGY OF HYSTERIA”AETIOLOGY OF HYSTERIA”
• FREUD AND BREUER: RECANTATIONFREUD AND BREUER: RECANTATION• JANET: PROFESSIONAL OSTRACISM JANET: PROFESSIONAL OSTRACISM
LESSONS FROM WW ILESSONS FROM WW I• THE HELPLESSNESS OF TRENCH THE HELPLESSNESS OF TRENCH
WARFARE AND THE PREDOMINANCE WARFARE AND THE PREDOMINANCE OF DISSOCIATIVE SYNDROMES OF DISSOCIATIVE SYNDROMES (SHELL SHOCK)(SHELL SHOCK)
• FERENCZIFERENCZI ( (1919):1919): “..TIC..AN “..TIC..AN OVERSTRONG OVERSTRONG MEMORY FIXATION ON MEMORY FIXATION ON THE THE ATTITUDE OF THE BODY AT THE ATTITUDE OF THE BODY AT THE
MOMENT OF...TRAUMA”MOMENT OF...TRAUMA”• HYSTERIA AND MALINGERINGHYSTERIA AND MALINGERING• LOW PTSD INCIDENCE IN PILOTS AND LOW PTSD INCIDENCE IN PILOTS AND
OFFICERSOFFICERS
NEUROIMAGING IN NEUROIMAGING IN CONVERSION DISORDERCONVERSION DISORDER
• fMRI STUDIES IN HYSTERICAL MOTOR fMRI STUDIES IN HYSTERICAL MOTOR PARALYSIS AND ANESTHESIA, WITH PARALYSIS AND ANESTHESIA, WITH CHRONIC PAIN REVEAL:CHRONIC PAIN REVEAL:
- REDUCED SUPRASPINAL - REDUCED SUPRASPINAL RESPONSES IN HYSTERICAL PARALYSISRESPONSES IN HYSTERICAL PARALYSIS
- REDUCED ACTIVATION OF BRAIN - REDUCED ACTIVATION OF BRAIN SENSORY PATHWAYS WITH STIMULATION SENSORY PATHWAYS WITH STIMULATION OF THE HYSTERICALLY NUMB LIMBOF THE HYSTERICALLY NUMB LIMB
i.e.: i.e.: IMPAIRED BRAIN MESSAGE IMPAIRED BRAIN MESSAGE TRANSFER IN CONVERSION DISORDERTRANSFER IN CONVERSION DISORDER
NEUROIMAGING IN NEUROIMAGING IN CONVERSION DISORDERCONVERSION DISORDER
HYSTERICAL PARALYSIS AND SENSORY HYSTERICAL PARALYSIS AND SENSORY LOSS (CONVERSON DISORDER) IS LOSS (CONVERSON DISORDER) IS ASSOCIATED WITH OBJECTIVE, ASSOCIATED WITH OBJECTIVE,
LONG-STANDING DYNAMIC CHANGES IN LONG-STANDING DYNAMIC CHANGES IN REGIONS OF THE BRAIN THAT PROCESS REGIONS OF THE BRAIN THAT PROCESS
SENSORIMOTOR INFORMATIONSENSORIMOTOR INFORMATION
i.e.: i.e.: CONVERSION “HYSTERIA” IS CONVERSION “HYSTERIA” IS PHYSIOLOGICAL,PHYSIOLOGICAL,
NOT “PSYCHOLOGICAL”NOT “PSYCHOLOGICAL”
MANIFESTATIONS MANIFESTATIONS OF DISSOCIATIONOF DISSOCIATION
• DEREALIZATIONDEREALIZATION• DEPERSONALIZATIONDEPERSONALIZATION• DISTORTED TIME PERCEPTIONDISTORTED TIME PERCEPTION• DISTORTED SENSORY PERCEPTIONDISTORTED SENSORY PERCEPTION• AMNESIAAMNESIA• FUGUE STATESFUGUE STATES• CONVERSION REACTIONCONVERSION REACTION• DISSOCIATIVE IDENTY DISORDERDISSOCIATIVE IDENTY DISORDER
DISSOCIATION DISSOCIATION PSYCHOBIOLOGYPSYCHOBIOLOGY
• SCHORE (2005):…”vagal outflow from the SCHORE (2005):…”vagal outflow from the dorsal vagal nucleus …is the dorsal vagal nucleus …is the psychobiological engine of …dissociation”psychobiological engine of …dissociation”
• …”…”early trauma expressed as emotional early trauma expressed as emotional neglect and abuse…predict…neglect and abuse…predict…dissociation.”dissociation.”i.e.: IMPAIRED ATTACHMENT AND RIGHT O.F.C. i.e.: IMPAIRED ATTACHMENT AND RIGHT O.F.C. DEVELOMENT LEADS TO AUTONOMIC DEVELOMENT LEADS TO AUTONOMIC DYSREGULATION, AND THE EMERGENCE OF DYSREGULATION, AND THE EMERGENCE OF DORSAL VAGAL FREEZE / DISSOCIATIVE STATESDORSAL VAGAL FREEZE / DISSOCIATIVE STATES
THE DORSAL VAGUS THE DORSAL VAGUS NERVENERVE
• THE DORSAL VAGAL COMPLEX (DVC)THE DORSAL VAGAL COMPLEX (DVC)- THE DORSAL VAGAL NUCLEUS- THE DORSAL VAGAL NUCLEUS- PRIMITIVE, REPTILIAN- PRIMITIVE, REPTILIAN- LOW O- LOW O2 UTILIZATION2 UTILIZATION- THE DIVE REFLEX (APNEA, - THE DIVE REFLEX (APNEA,
BRADYCARDIA) BRADYCARDIA) - THE FREEZE RESPONSE, THE - THE FREEZE RESPONSE, THE
RISK IN MAMMALS, AND RISK IN MAMMALS, AND ““VOODOO DEATH”VOODOO DEATH”
BUT! BUT! THE DORSAL VAGUS / THE DORSAL VAGUS / FREEZE THEORY DOES NOT FREEZE THEORY DOES NOT EXPLAIN THE OCCURRENCE EXPLAIN THE OCCURRENCE
OF HIGH SYMPATHETIC-OF HIGH SYMPATHETIC-DOMINANT DISSOCIATVE DOMINANT DISSOCIATVE
STATES:STATES:
• HOMICIDAL DISSOCIATIONHOMICIDAL DISSOCIATION• ““BERSERKER” BEHAVIOR IN BERSERKER” BEHAVIOR IN
COMBATCOMBAT
DISSOCIATION DISSOCIATION STRUCTURESTRUCTURE
A CAPSULE, COMPARTMENT A CAPSULE, COMPARTMENT OR OR STATE OFSTATE OF PERCEPTIONPERCEPTION
COMPOSED OF THE VARIED COMPOSED OF THE VARIED PROCEDURAL MEMORIES PROCEDURAL MEMORIES OF THE EXPERIENCES OF THE EXPERIENCES
OF A PAST TRAUMATIC EVENT OF A PAST TRAUMATIC EVENT WHERE A FREEZE RESPONSE OCCURRED WHERE A FREEZE RESPONSE OCCURRED
WITHOUT A FREEZE DISCHARGEWITHOUT A FREEZE DISCHARGE
THE DISSOCIATION THE DISSOCIATION CAPSULE IS COMPOSED CAPSULE IS COMPOSED
OF:OF:• SOMATOSENSORY MESSAGES AND SOMATOSENSORY MESSAGES AND
MOTOR ACTIONSMOTOR ACTIONS• AUTONOMIC STATESAUTONOMIC STATES• EMOTIONS EMOTIONS • ENDORPHINERGIC ALTERATION OF ENDORPHINERGIC ALTERATION OF
PERCEPTIONPERCEPTION• EMOTION-LINKED DECLARATIVE EMOTION-LINKED DECLARATIVE
MEMORYMEMORY
ALL SPECIFIC TOALL SPECIFIC TO
THE TRAUMATIC EXPERIENCETHE TRAUMATIC EXPERIENCE
FEATURES OF THE FEATURES OF THE DISSOCIATIVE CAPSULEDISSOCIATIVE CAPSULE
CAPSULES CONSIST OF CAPSULES CONSIST OF PROCEDURAL MEMORIES PROCEDURAL MEMORIES FOR THE FOR THE PASTPAST TRAUMA, TRAUMA,
BUT ARE PERCEIVED AS BEING BUT ARE PERCEIVED AS BEING PRESENTPRESENT, ,
AND ARE THEREFORE AND ARE THEREFORE DISSOCIATIVEDISSOCIATIVE
EXAMPLES OF CAPSULE EXAMPLES OF CAPSULE PROCEDRAL MEMORIESPROCEDRAL MEMORIES
• PAIN, NUMBNESS, DIZZINESS,PAIN, NUMBNESS, DIZZINESS,• TREMOR, TICS, PARALYSISTREMOR, TICS, PARALYSIS• NAUSEA, CRAMPS, PALPITATIONSNAUSEA, CRAMPS, PALPITATIONS• ANXIETY, TERROR, SHAME, RAGE ANXIETY, TERROR, SHAME, RAGE • FLASHBACKS, NIGHTMARES OR FLASHBACKS, NIGHTMARES OR
INTRUSIVE THOUGHTSINTRUSIVE THOUGHTS
THE DISSOCIATIVE THE DISSOCIATIVE CAPSULE IS BROUGHT CAPSULE IS BROUGHT
INTO CONSCIOUS INTO CONSCIOUS AWARENESSAWARENESS
(THE PRESENT MOMENT) (THE PRESENT MOMENT) BY EXTERNAL BY EXTERNAL
REPRESENTATIVE CUES REPRESENTATIVE CUES OR INTERNAL KINDLEDOR INTERNAL KINDLED
MEMORIESMEMORIES
THE SIZE, SPECIFICITY THE SIZE, SPECIFICITY AND STRENGTH AND STRENGTH
OF A DISSOCIATIVE OF A DISSOCIATIVE CAPSULE DEPENDS ON CAPSULE DEPENDS ON
THE INTENSITY THE INTENSITY OR REPETITIVE OR REPETITIVE
EXPERIENCE OF THE EXPERIENCE OF THE TRAUMA THAT CAUSED ITTRAUMA THAT CAUSED IT
THE NUMBER THE NUMBER OF ONE’S DISSOCIATIVE OF ONE’S DISSOCIATIVE
CAPSULES CAPSULES IS DETERMINED BY IS DETERMINED BY
THE SUM TOTAL OF ONE’S THE SUM TOTAL OF ONE’S CUMULATIVE LIFE CUMULATIVE LIFE
TRAUMASTRAUMAS
THE MORE THE MORE THE NUMBER OF THE NUMBER OF
DISSOCIATIVE CAPSULES, DISSOCIATIVE CAPSULES, THE LESS TIME ONETHE LESS TIME ONE
IS ABLE TO SPEND IN IS ABLE TO SPEND IN CONSCIOUSNESS CONSCIOUSNESS
(THE PRESENT MOMENT)(THE PRESENT MOMENT)
THE PRESENT MOMENTTHE PRESENT MOMENT
• 1-10 SECOND PERIOD OF AWARENESS OF 1-10 SECOND PERIOD OF AWARENESS OF “NOW”“NOW”
• A “A “LIVED STORY”LIVED STORY”• BACKGROUND FEELINGS FROM THE BODYBACKGROUND FEELINGS FROM THE BODY• AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL MEMORYAUTOBIOGRAPHICAL MEMORY• CHANGING INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL CHANGING INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL
PERCEPTIONSPERCEPTIONS• CONCEPTS OF TIME, INTENTIONALITY, CONCEPTS OF TIME, INTENTIONALITY,
SHIFTING EMOTIONAL TONESHIFTING EMOTIONAL TONE• A MEASURE OF A MEASURE OF CONSCIOUSNESSCONSCIOUSNESS• OUR CHANGING SENSE OF SELFOUR CHANGING SENSE OF SELF
THE SELFTHE SELF
ANTONIO DAMASIO:ANTONIO DAMASIO:
““THE EMBODIED MIND”THE EMBODIED MIND”
SOMATIC SENSATIONS (SOMATIC SENSATIONS (FEELINGS)FEELINGS)
OF THE PRESENT MOMENT OF THE PRESENT MOMENT SUPERIMPOSED ON OUR SUPERIMPOSED ON OUR
AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL MEMORYAUTOBIOGRAPHICAL MEMORY
THE PRESENT
MOMENT
AUTONOMIC CUES
SOMATOSENSORY CUES
LIMBIC CUES
SHAMING, GRIEF
THE STRUCTURE AND RELATIONSHIPS OF DISSOCIATIVE CAPSULES
INCEST
MVAINJURY
PROCEDURAL MEMORYCUES
- SOMATOSENSORY-LIMBIC/EMOTIONAL
-AUTONOMIC - EMOTION-LINKED
DECLARATIVE MEMORY
PROCEDURAL MEMORYCUES
- AUTONOMIC- LIMBIC/EMOTIONAL- EMOTION - LINKED DECLARATIVE
MEMORY
PROCEDURAL MEMORY CUES
- SOMATOSENSORY- LIMBIC/EMOTIONAL
- AU TONOMIC- EMOTION-LINKED
DECLARATIVE MEMORY
PROCEDURALMEMORY CUES
-SOMATOSENSORY-LIMBIC/EMOTIONAL
-AUTONOMIC- EMOTION-LINKED
DECLARATIVE MEMORY
DEATH OF PARENT
PROCEDURALMEMORY CUES
-AUTONOMIC-LIMBIC/EMOTIONAL-EMOTIONA-LINKED
DECLARATIVE MEMORY
WHAT IMPLICATIONS WHAT IMPLICATIONS DOES THE DOES THE
DISSOCIATIVE CAPSULE DISSOCIATIVE CAPSULE HAVE FOR HEALING HAVE FOR HEALING
TRAUMA?TRAUMA?
TO HEAL TRAUMA TO HEAL TRAUMA
WE MUST EXTINGUISH WE MUST EXTINGUISH POSTTRAUMATIC POSTTRAUMATIC
PROCEDURAL MEMORY PROCEDURAL MEMORY CUESCUES
AND YOU CAN’T DOAND YOU CAN’T DO
THAT WITH THAT WITH WORDS WORDS
ALONE!ALONE!
SENSORY INPUT –
HEAD AND NECK
AMYGDALA EMOTIONALCONTENT
ANTERIORCINGULATE GYRUS
MODULATES AMYGDALA
CEREBRAL CORTEXHYPOTHALAMUS
HPA AXIS
HIPPOCAMPUSDECLARATIVE MEMORYCOGNITIVE MEANING
ORBITOFRONTALCORTEX
ORGANIZES RESPONSETO THREAT
LOCUS CERULEUS
EARLY WARNING
THE KEY INGREDIENT IN THE KEY INGREDIENT IN HEALING TRAUMAHEALING TRAUMA
EXTINGUISHING THE EXTINGUISHING THE
DISSOCIATIVE CAPSULEDISSOCIATIVE CAPSULE
CONTENTSCONTENTS
BYBY
DOWNREGULATING/DOWNREGULATING/
INHIBITING THE INHIBITING THE AMYGDALAAMYGDALA
DURING IMAGINAL EXPOSURE DURING IMAGINAL EXPOSURE TO ITS CONTENTSTO ITS CONTENTS
TRAUMA THERAPY:TRAUMA THERAPY:THEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONSTHEORETICAL CONSIDERATIONS
• EXTINCTION OF CONDITIONED CUES: IMAGERY EXTINCTION OF CONDITIONED CUES: IMAGERY WHILE INHIBITING THE AMYGDALAWHILE INHIBITING THE AMYGDALA
- - THE POWER OF RITUALTHE POWER OF RITUAL
- - INTEGRATING THE CEREBRAL HEMISPHERESINTEGRATING THE CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES
- - EMPOWERMENT THROUGH AFFIRMATIONEMPOWERMENT THROUGH AFFIRMATION
• RECONSOLIDATION OF MEMORYRECONSOLIDATION OF MEMORY• “ “COMPLETION” OF DEFENSE/ESCAPE: COMPLETION” OF DEFENSE/ESCAPE:
THE “THE “DISCHARGE”DISCHARGE”• RESTORING HOMEOSTASISRESTORING HOMEOSTASIS• TRANSFORMATION AND WISDOM THROUGH TRANSFORMATION AND WISDOM THROUGH
MEANINGMEANING
THE DILEMMA OFTHE DILEMMA OFPHARMACOTHERAPYPHARMACOTHERAPY
• SRI’s, ANTICONVULSANTS, SRI’s, ANTICONVULSANTS, BENZODIAZEPINES, BENZODIAZEPINES, ANTIPSYCHOTICS, ANTIPSYCHOTICS, BETA BLOCKERSBETA BLOCKERS
• TREATING A BIPOLAR SYNDROMETREATING A BIPOLAR SYNDROME• RECIPROCAL SIDE EFFECTSRECIPROCAL SIDE EFFECTS• SIDE EFFECTS AS TRAUMATIC SIDE EFFECTS AS TRAUMATIC
EXPERIENCES DUE TO EXPERIENCES DUE TO NEUROSENSITIZATIONNEUROSENSITIZATION
• NARCOTICS IN CHRONIC PAIN NARCOTICS IN CHRONIC PAIN
TRAUMA THERAPYTRAUMA THERAPY• PSYCHOTHERAPYPSYCHOTHERAPY
- COGNITIVE/BEHAVIORAL THERAPY: - COGNITIVE/BEHAVIORAL THERAPY: MOST THOROUGHLY EVALUATEDMOST THOROUGHLY EVALUATED
- EXPOSURE THERAPIES: - EXPOSURE THERAPIES: - IMAGINAL EXPOSURE- IMAGINAL EXPOSURE- IN-VIVO EXPOSURE- IN-VIVO EXPOSURE
- SYSTEMATIC DESENSITIZATION- SYSTEMATIC DESENSITIZATION
BEST FOR AROUSAL AND ANXIETY, BEST FOR AROUSAL AND ANXIETY, LESS EFFECTIVE FOR AVOIDANCE AND LESS EFFECTIVE FOR AVOIDANCE AND DISSOCIATION; ? LONG-TERM EFFICACYDISSOCIATION; ? LONG-TERM EFFICACY
TRAUMA THERAPYTRAUMA THERAPY
• RECONNECTING WITH THE BODYRECONNECTING WITH THE BODY- - SOMATIC DISSOCIATION AND THE SOMATIC DISSOCIATION AND THE
FELT SENSEFELT SENSE- THE USE OF MOVEMENT THERAPY:- THE USE OF MOVEMENT THERAPY:
YOGA, DANCE, BALANCE, YOGA, DANCE, BALANCE, EQUESTRIAN THERAPYEQUESTRIAN THERAPY
- THE USE OF THERAPEUTIC BODY - THE USE OF THERAPEUTIC BODY WORK AND EXERCISEWORK AND EXERCISE
- THE USE OF ARTISTIC MEDIA- THE USE OF ARTISTIC MEDIA- BIOFEEDBACK- BIOFEEDBACK
GUIDED IMAGERYGUIDED IMAGERY
• USED IN ALMOST ALL TECHNIQUESUSED IN ALMOST ALL TECHNIQUES• DERIVING THE SUD’s SCALEDERIVING THE SUD’s SCALE• ACCESSING THE MEMORY TO BE ACCESSING THE MEMORY TO BE
EXTINGUISHEDEXTINGUISHED• MANIPULATING THE MEMORY MANIPULATING THE MEMORY
THROUGH IMAGINAL REVERSALTHROUGH IMAGINAL REVERSAL• FACILITATING THE FELT SENSEFACILITATING THE FELT SENSE
SOMATIC EXPERIENCINGSOMATIC EXPERIENCING
• ACCESSING THE FELT SENSEACCESSING THE FELT SENSE• TRACKING AND TITRATION TRACKING AND TITRATION
THROUGH “PENDULATION”THROUGH “PENDULATION”• ELICITATION OF SOMATICELICITATION OF SOMATIC
SENSORIMOTOR RESPONSES: SENSORIMOTOR RESPONSES: THE FREEZE DISCHARGETHE FREEZE DISCHARGE
• AUTONOMIC RESPONSESAUTONOMIC RESPONSES• CONCEPTS OF COMPLETION,CONCEPTS OF COMPLETION,
UNCOUPLING, EXTINCTIONUNCOUPLING, EXTINCTION
ENERGY ENERGY PSYCHOLOGYPSYCHOLOGY• THOUGHT FIELD THERAPY (T.F.T.), THOUGHT FIELD THERAPY (T.F.T.),
EMOTIONAL FREEDOM EMOTIONAL FREEDOM THERAPY (E.F.T.), HEALING THERAPY (E.F.T.), HEALING TOUCHTOUCH
* * USE OF SUD’s SCALEUSE OF SUD’s SCALE
* * AFFIRMATIVE STATEMENTS, AFFIRMATIVE STATEMENTS, MERIDIAN TAPPING, SINGING, MERIDIAN TAPPING, SINGING, VOCALIZATION, EYE MOVEMENTS AND VOCALIZATION, EYE MOVEMENTS AND IMAGERYIMAGERY
* EMPOWERMENT, HOMEOSTASIS, * EMPOWERMENT, HOMEOSTASIS, INTEGRATING THE HEMISPHERES, INTEGRATING THE HEMISPHERES, RITUAL, EXTINCTION RITUAL, EXTINCTION
EMDREMDR• USE OF SUD’s SCALEUSE OF SUD’s SCALE• ALTERNATING EYE MOVEMENTS,ALTERNATING EYE MOVEMENTS,
AUDITORY OR TOUCH STIMULI LINKED AUDITORY OR TOUCH STIMULI LINKED TO IMAGERY OF THE TRAUMATO IMAGERY OF THE TRAUMA
• POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE COGNITIONSPOSITIVE AND NEGATIVE COGNITIONS• THE THE REMREM CONNECTION: CONNECTION:
- PROCESSING AROUSAL MEMORY- PROCESSING AROUSAL MEMORY- MEMORY RECONSOLIDATION- MEMORY RECONSOLIDATION- CEREBELLAR – CINGULATE - CEREBELLAR – CINGULATE CONNECTIONCONNECTION
• AFFIRMATION, RITUALAFFIRMATION, RITUAL
NEUROFEEDBACKNEUROFEEDBACK
• DRIVING THE BRAIN INTO THE PRESENT DRIVING THE BRAIN INTO THE PRESENT MOMENTMOMENT
• ALPHA/HIGH THETA ENHANCEMENTALPHA/HIGH THETA ENHANCEMENT• COMPARISON TO DEEP MEDITATIONCOMPARISON TO DEEP MEDITATION• APPLICABLE CONDITIONS:APPLICABLE CONDITIONS:
- - ADD/ADHD, OCDADD/ADHD, OCD- ADDICTIONS- ADDICTIONS- CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR- CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR- FIBROMYAGIA/CFS- FIBROMYAGIA/CFS- MOOD DISORDER, PTSD, ANXIETY- MOOD DISORDER, PTSD, ANXIETY- SOMATIZATION - SOMATIZATION - MTBI- MTBI
RESTORATIONRESTORATIONOF THEOF THE
TRIUNE BRAINTRIUNE BRAIN
THE ROLE OF THE ROLE OF COGNITIVE MEANING COGNITIVE MEANING
AND THE AND THE ACQUISITION OF WISDOMACQUISITION OF WISDOM
TRANSFORMATION ANDTRANSFORMATION ANDWISDOMWISDOM
• 1. 1. THE RECOGNITION AND THE RECOGNITION AND MANAGEMENT OF UNCERTAINTIES MANAGEMENT OF UNCERTAINTIES
• 2. THE INTEGRATION OF AFFECT 2. THE INTEGRATION OF AFFECT AND AND COGNITIONCOGNITION
• 3. THE RECOGNITION AND ACCEPTANCE 3. THE RECOGNITION AND ACCEPTANCE OF HUMAN LIMITATIONS, OF HUMAN LIMITATIONS, INCLUDING THE FINITUDE OF LIFE INCLUDING THE FINITUDE OF LIFE
i.e.: i.e.: LIFE IN THE PRESENT MOMENTLIFE IN THE PRESENT MOMENT