new thinking for professional socialwork(r) (1)

8/13/2019 New Thinking for Professional Socialwork(r) (1)

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NEW THINKING FOR

PROFESSIONAL

SOCIALWORKERS

Dr Colin Benjamin OAM

*Leonardo da Vinci studied the Flower of Life's form and its mathematical properties.He drew the Flower of Life itself, as well as various components such as the Seed of

Life. He drew geometric figures representing shapes such as the platonic solids, a

sphere, a torus, etc., and also used the golden ratio of phi in his artwork; all of which

ma !e derived from the Flower of Life design.

!"# In$elle%$&al Pro'er$( Hol)in*+ P$( L$) ,or $-e AASW 1


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Our Vision and Mission drives strategic thinking

The Australian Association of Social Workers (AASW) is the lead national

association for professional SocialWorkers The Association sets the benchmark for

professional education and practice standards in social work & the wider human

services.

The AASW has a strong voice on matters of social ustice! human rights and issues

that impact upon the "ualit# of life of all Australians. $overnments and emplo#ers

activel# seek its views on a range of matters concerning social ustice!

workforcedevelopment and sector issues. %t establishes! monitors and improves

education! practice and ethical standards so that in the pursuit of social ustice! social

workers can promote social inclusion and redress social disadvantage. The AASW

acknowledges the critical importance of the contribution made b# Aboriginal and

Torres Strait %slander members.

O&r .i+ion/

The Australian Association of Social Workers (AASW) is the lead national

Association for Australian rofessional Social Workers. We set the benchmark for

professional education and practice in Social Work. We have a strong voice on

matters of social inclusion! social ustice! human rights and issues that impact upon the

"ualit# of life of all Australians. We seek a close and collaborate relationship with

educational institutions! industr#! government! client associations! and the

communit#. The AASW acknowledges the critical importance of the contribution

made b# Aboriginal and Torres Strait %slander members

O&r Mi++ion/

The AASW has been established to'

accept corporate responsibilit# for promoting and regulating the Social Work

profession in Australia.

maintain accountabilit# and compliance with the benchmark standards.

represent Social Workers b# ensuring the sustainable development of the profession.

provide Social Workers with the ongoing opportunit# to work collectivel# to

contribute to Australian Societ#! its communities and institutions! in a wa# that is

dedicated to improving social inclusion and social wellbeing.

promote the rofessional identit# of Social Workers in Australia.



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LEARNING TO LEARN STRATEGIC THINKING

O&r aim i+ $o e0amine $-e 'a$$ern+ o, +$ra$e*i% $-in1in* &+e) $o e+$a2li+- $-e 3a(

$-a$ +o%ial 3or1 %on$ri2&$e+ $o $-e 'ro%e++e+ o, +o%ial in%l&+ion4 +o%ial j&+$i%e an)

+o%ial )e5elo'men$ ,or an) 3i$- %lien$+ an) $-e %omm&ni$(6 We 3ill +ee1 $o i)en$i,(

$-e rela$ion+-i' 2e$3een +$ra$e*i% $-in1in* an) $-e 3a( $-a$ +o%ial 3or1 3or1+6

W-en 3e $al1 a2o&$ learnin*4 mo+$ o, &+ a++o%ia$e learnin* 3i$- +%-ool+4 $ea%-er+

an) +$&)en$+6 We $-in1 a2o&$ learnin* a+ a%7&irin* 1no3le)*e an) +1ill+ $-a$ ma(

2e &+e,&l a$ +ome la$er +$a*e ra$-er $-an 2&il)in* la(er+ o, e0'erien%e 2a+e) &'on

5aria$ion+ in o&r a''re%ia$ion o, $-e o'$ion+ $-a$ are alrea)( a5aila2le $o &+6

Learnin* a2o&$ +$ra$e*i% $-in1in* *oe+ 2e(on) $-e 8+%-ool +$&)en$9 'a$$ern $o

'ro5i)e a 'a$- $o $ran+,orma$ional learnin* 2a+e) on o&r 'ra%$i%e 3i+)om6

We 3ill 2&il) on o&r a3arene++ o, 5aria$ion+ in +o%ial 3or1 $-eor( an) 'ra%$i%e $o

%on+i)er $-e )i5er+e ,orm+ o, +$ra$e*i% $-in1in* $-a$ ena2le &+ $o 'romo$e +o%ialin%l&+ion4 +o%ial j&+$i%e an) +o%ial )e5elo'men$ $o/

: &n)er+$an) $-e en5ironmen$ in 3-i%- 3e are +ee1in* $o %on)&%$ o&r

a%$i5i$ie+4 $a+1+4 role+ an) re+'on+i2ili$ie+ $o ,&l,il $-e AASW 5i+ion4

mi++ion4 *oal+ an) o2je%$i5e+ ;knowing where we are and want to be

The social work profession in Australia adheres to the definition of social work

ointl# agreed to b# the %nternational ederation of Social Workers and%nternational Association of Schools of Social Work in *++,'

"he social work profession promotes social change, pro!lem

solving in human relationships and the empowerment and li!erationof people to enhance well!eing. #tilising theories of human

!ehaviour and social sstems, social work intervenes at thepoints where people interact with their environments. $rinciples ofhuman rights and social %ustice are fundamental to social work.

The social work profession is committed to the pursuit and maintenance of humanwellbeing. Social work aims to ma-imise the development of human potential andthe fulfilment of human needs through an e"ual commitment to'

working with Australia/s irst eoples

working with and supporting people to achieve the bestpossible levels of personal and social wellbeing

working to address and redress ine"uit# and inustice affecting thelives of clients! client groups and sociall# disadvantaged

working to achieve human rights and social ustice through social

development! social and s#stemic change! advocac# and the ethicalconduct of research.

This involves subscribing to the principles and aspirations of the0nited 1ations 0niversal 2eclaration of 3uman 4ights! other international

conventions derived from that 2eclaration! as well as other human rightsdocuments



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HOW SOCIALWORKWORKS

We are in5i$e) $o a)) o&r 5oi%e $o $-e ,ramin* o, $-e 3a( $-a$ +o%ial

3or1 +-o&l) 2e )e+%ri2e) in $-e %omin* (ear+ ?-$$'/@@i,+36or*@*e$

in5ol5e)@$-e,&$&reo,+o%ial3or1@ an) -$$'/@@i,+36or*@*e$

in5ol5e)@*lo2al)e,ini$iono,+o%ial3or1@ or 2( 3ri$in* $o*lo2ali,+36or*

The %nternational 5-ecutive 6ommittee of %SW and the 7oard of %ASSW have both

agreed upon a 8pointintime/ 2raft %nternational 2efinition of Social Work that takes

into account the feedback and submissions received so far. This new draft formall#

starts the final consultation phase! which is from April to 2ecember *+,9

As a contribution to this debate! it is proposed that the AASW consider the following

suggestions! including making the case for the use of So%ialWor1 as the visualidentification and trade mark of personnel who are "ualified members of %SW

professional associations.

SocialWorkers combine eclectic theories of support for individuals! families! groups

and communities of interest in their interactions with each other and through specific

application of processes of strategic thinking that generate homeothetic selfesteem

and homeostatic social development.

The %nternational ederation of Social Workers draft social work definition states'

T-e +o%ial 3or1 'ro,e++ion ,a%ili$a$e+ +o%ial %-an*e an) )e5elo'men$4

+o%ial %o-e+ion4 an) $-e em'o3ermen$ an) li2era$ion o, 'eo'le6

Prin%i'le+ o, +o%ial j&+$i%e4 -&man ri*-$+4 %olle%$i5e re+'on+i2ili$( an)

re+'e%$ ,or )i5er+i$ie+ are %en$ral $o +o%ial 3or16 =n)er'inne) 2(

$-eorie+ o, +o%ial 3or14 +o%ial +%ien%e+4 -&mani$ie+ an) in)i*eno&+

1no3le)*e+4 +o%ial 3or1 en*a*e+ 'eo'le an) +$r&%$&re+ $o a))re++ li,e

%-allen*e+ an) en-an%e 3ell2ein*6

The %nternational ederation of Social Workers states'

:Social work bases its methodolog# on a s#stematic bod# of evidencebased

knowledge derived from research and practice evaluation! including local

and indigenous knowledge specific to its conte-t. %t recogni;es the

comple-it# of interactions between human beings and their environment!

and the capacit# of people both to be affected b# and to alter the multiple

influences upon them including biops#chosocial factors. The social work

profession draws on theories of human development! social theor# and

social s#stems to anal#se comple- situations and to facilitate individual!

organi;ational! social and cultural changes.

T-e 'ro'o+e) ,&$&re )e,ini$ion o, $-e 'ro,e++ion 'ro5i)e+ a 3in)o3 in$o ne3

http://ifsw.org/get-involved/global-definition-of-social-work/http://ifsw.org/get-involved/global-definition-of-social-work/http://ifsw.org/get-involved/global-definition-of-social-work/http://ifsw.org/get-involved/global-definition-of-social-work/


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CAN

SHOULDNOW

HOW

MUSTIF

WILL IF ONLY ONLY IF WHICH

WHEN/THEN MAY

,

COULD


1

3

45

6

7

89

12

10

NEEDSIDENTIFICATION

HOMEOTHETICGOAL SEEKING

PREFERENCEESTABLISHMENT

Po!" o#!"

DECISION-MAKING

Po!" o#!"RELATIONSHIPS

Po!" o#!"INFORMATION

Po!" o#!"RESOURCES

ANTSCLARIFICATION

WW

HOPES

ANTICIPATION

EXPECTATIONS$AND ESTEEM

LEARNEDRESPONSES

2

11

HOMEOSTASISH%"&o'() &%('*!'%')!


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A DOEN ELEMENTS OF SOCIAL WORK>

T-ere are a )oen 1e( elemen$+ o, So%ialWor1 $-a$ %olle%$i5el( ,a%ili$a$e +o%ial

)e5elo'men$ an) +o%ial %o-e+ion4 ena2lin* 'eo'le $o in,l&en%e $-eir +o%ial

en5ironmen$+ $o a%-ie5e +&+$aina2le 3ell2ein*6The profession is underpinned b# theories of social work! social sciences! and

indigenous knowledges. rinciples of human rights! collective responsibilit# and

social ustice are fundamental to practice! The central tenet of efficient! effective and

effulgent practice builds on the interrelationship between the professional practitioner

and other people appl#ing elements of strategic thinking to build selfesteem!

facilitates happiness and maintains personal identit#.s ongoing survival and

capacit# to grow that ensures we W%CC respond to our environment on a da#toda# basis b#

converting inputs to and from the internal and e-ternal environments to get significantl# improved

outcomes.

,,. S3A452 E%S%B1 = IF ONL AND ONL IF W 3 % T 5D

The common pointofview that shapes the wa# that all parts of our organisation focus their

contributions to the overall purpose and intent % A12 B1CL % we take into account future

directions! potential and competitive pressures to build a holistic response to the environment and a

point of reference from which to action this response.

,*. C5A254S3% = CO=LDYY E L L O WDThe acceptable source of inconsistenc#! paradigm challenges! rule breaking and role modelling of

behaviours which 6B0C2 recognise and reward the search! struggle and striving for impressive!

informed and inspirational organisational development.



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CAN

SHOULDNOW

HOW

MUSTIF

WILL IF ONLY ONLY IF WHICH

WHEN/THEN MAY

,

COULD


1

3

45

6

7

89

12

10

SOCIALCHANGE

SOCIALCONTROL

SOCIALCONSTRCTS

SOCIALINCLSION

SOCIALORGANISATION

SOCIALSERICE

SOCIALADOCAC

OCIALACTION

WS

SOCIAL

DEELOPMENT

SOCIAL POLIC$ STICE

SOCIAL9ELFARE

2

11

SOCIAL

SSTEMS


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9/%*: o' ;o" &('+s suffrage or the

6ivil rights movement. Social change ma# be driven b# cultural! religious! economic!scientific or technological forces and the man# interrelationships and variations

between individuals! groups. 6ommunities of interest and societies..

%t is generall# assumed in social work practice! that social change represents a move

towards an improvement in the life conditions and standards of living of individuals!

families! groups! communities of interest and societ#. %t is possible! however! to have

social change that reverts to earlier conditions or even under conditions of high

turbulence and revolution! a return to harsh and punishing conditions.

So%ial C-an*e4 more *enerall(4 %an in%l&)e %-an*e+ in na$&re4 +o%ial in+$i$&$ion+4

+o%ial 2e-a5io&r+4 or +o%ial rela$ion+ $-a$ ena2le +o%ial 3or1 $o mo5e +o%ial

arran*emen$+ $o3ar)+ $-e 5i+ion4 mi++ion4 *oal+ an) o2je%$i5e+ o, $-e 'ro,e++ion6.



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?Lo@IF

RREDShared values

L!(*(&%*! !!(' /')/! %'+ ('*(*(o'2SOCIAL ACTION N,K+

oStrategic ThinkingO

Social Action accepts and assumes that humans vary their a%$ion+ a%%or)in* $o

a+%ri2e) an) e0're++e) 5al&e+ $a1in* in$o a%%o&n$ $-e 5aria$ion+ 2e$3een 'eo'le+

*oal+ an) o2je%$i5e+6 Generall( i$ i+ an$i%i'a$e) $-a$ 'eo'le a,,e%$ o$-er

in)i5i)&al+4 *ro&'+ an) %omm&ni$ie+ an) $-a$ 3-en a 'o$en$ial rea%$ion i+ no$

)e+ira2le ,or a 3i)e ran*e o, 'eo'le4 $-e a%$ion i+ mo)i,ie) a%%or)in*l(.

Social action perspectives e-amine the needs! wants! hopes! e-pectations and actions

of smaller groups within societ# seeking to mobilise support for their identified causesand associations based upon the subective states of individuals! families! groups and

communities of interest.

This term oftenrefers to an act which takes into account the actions and reactions of

individuals! groups or communities of interest (or their >agents>). According to a-

Weber :an action is >social> if the acting individual takes account of the behaviour of

others and is thereb# oriented in its course".

The theor# of social action accepts and assumes that humans var# their actionsaccording to social conte-ts and how it will have an impact upon other people. Action

in this conte-t can mean either a basic action (one that seeks to assert a value position

of one or more parties) or an advanced social action! which not onl# has a meaning but

is directed towards collective activities with other actors directed towards finding out

if there is sufficient support to capture attention and support for preferred and desired

outcomes.

T-ere are $3o $('e+ o, +o%ial a%$ion/

Ra$ional a%$ion+ (also known as valuerational ones! wertrational)' actionswhich are taken if the# lead to a valued goal! but with no thought of its

conse"uences (>the end ustifies the means>).

In+$r&men$al a%$ion (also known as value relation! goalinstrumental ones!

&weckrational)' actions which happen if and onl# if it provides a vision! mission!

goals and obectives in relation to other goals! and after thorough consideration of

various means (and conse"uences) to achieve it.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrumental_actionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrumental_action


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?Ro@MUSTP"!

StructuresRo! %'+ "! %*/o"(*;, o!" %'+ ('!')!

3SOCIAL CONTROL N,K+oThinkingO

Social Controlsare a)o'$e) %on+%io&+l( or &n%on+%io&+l( $o rein,or%e a%%e'$a2le

or &na%%e'$a2le 2e-a5io&r ;i6e64 )e5ian%e< an) are 5arie) ,rom in)i5i)&al $o

in)i5i)&al4 *ro&' $o *ro&'4 3i$-in an) 3i$-o&$ %omm&ni$ie+ an) ,rom +o%ie$( $o

+o%ie$(6

Social workers are often re"uired to work with individuals who are impacted b#

unregulated social sanctions that ma# include shame! ridicule! sarcasm! criticism! and

disapproval designed to force their clients towards the social norms of the societ#.

easures for social protection and social ustice rel# upon a nonudgemental attitude

to redress issues of social discrimination and e-clusion. Workers in the criminal

ustice s#stem must e-ercise more control when informal social control is weaker

%t involves reactions of individuals and groups that bring about conformit# to norms

and laws! includes peer and communit# pressure! b#stander intervention in a crime!

and collective responses such as citi;en patrol groups Societal and political

mechanisms or processes regulate individual and group behaviour in an attempt to

gain conformit# to acceptable forms of behaviour and compliance to the rules of a

given societ#! conditions for receipt of benefits and entr# into a group or communit#

of interest. Social workers identif# two basic forms of social control'

In,ormal mean+ o, %on$rol=%nternalisation of norms and values b# a process

known as socialisation! defined as :the process b# which an individual! born withbehavioural potentialities of enormousl# wide range! is led to develop actual

behaviour that is confined to the narrower range of what is acceptable b# the group

standards.

Formal mean+ o, +o%ial %on$rol= 5-ternal sanctions and regulations enforced b#

government to prevent the establishment of chaos! or anomie in societ#.



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?Do@SHOULD

N%#;Staffing

D"( %'+ "o*('!

5SOCIAL SERVICES N,K+oThinkingO

Social Services are a ran*e o, '&2li% +er5i%e+ 'ro5i)e) 2( man( na$ional or

re*ional *o5ernmen$ or*ani+a$ion ,or i$+ re+i)en$+ an) $-o+e i)en$i,ie) a+ -a5in*+'e%ial nee)+ $-a$ are 2e(on) $-e +%o'e or %a'a%i$( o, $-e 'ri5a$e +e%$or4

in%l&)in* +&%- $-in*+ a+ -eal$-%are4 '&2li% -o&+in*4 an) +o%ial +e%&ri$(6

The term is associated with a social consensus (usuall# e-pressed through democratic

elections) that certain servicesshould be available to all! regardless of income or social

status. 5ven where public services are neither publicl# provided nor publicl# financed!

for social and political reasons the# are usuall# subect to regulations going be#ond

that appl#ing to most economic sectors. Social services can be used to provide

tremendous relief to a famil# in need! and can often times be the deciding difference

between a famil# or person forced to be homeless out on the streets! and that same

person or famil# being able to afford safe shelter! nourishing food! and clothing.

There are times when the worst! the une-pected and the unthinkable! happen.

Accidents! serious illness or even death can occur! leaving clients reeling from shock

and absolutel# unable to make ends meet or provide the basic necessities for their

famil#. %n toda#/s fragile economic climate! financial misfortunes can happen in the

blink of an e#e and social services provide a combination of securit# and stabilit#..

There are three main t#pes of social services provided b# social workers in agenciesand government departments.

Q Dire%$+er5i%e +o%ial 3or1er+help people solve and cope with problems in their

ever#da# lives.

QClini%al Men$al Heal$- +o%ial 3or1er+! who diagnose and treat mental!

behavioural! and emotional issues!

QPoli%( an) Ser5i%e Fiel) A)mini+$ra$or+! who manage and direct the design and

deliver# of a range of specialised social services to individuals! families! groups

and communities of interest.



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PRo %* %)* %'+ ('o"&%*(o'

11SOCIAL POLICY' SOCIAL (USTICE NJ*+oThinkingO

Social Policyi+ %on%erne) 3i$- $-e ri*-$ or)erin* o, $-e ne$3or1 o, rela$ion+-i'+

2e$3een men an) 3omen 3-o li5e $o*e$-er in +o%ie$ie+4 or 3i$- $-e 'rin%i'le+

3-i%- +-o&l) *o5ern $-e a%$i5i$ie+ o, in)i5i)&al+ an) *ro&'+ +o ,ar a+ $-e( a,,e%$

$-e li5e+ an) in$ere+$+ o, 'eo'le +ee1in* $o 'romo$e e7&i$( an) +o%ial j&+$i%e6

Social ustice is taken to represent a set of conditions and social policies that ensurefor ever#one a sufficient "uantit# of life essentials and e"ualit# of access to the

determinants of the "ualit# of life under the rule of law!

The central issue of Social olic# is to intervene in the conduct of relationships

between people who share some communit# of interest and who have set out the rules

for social ustice in that communit#6 0nderpinning the desired outcomes of the social

polic# process is an e-pressed effort of governments and other social agencies to

enhance the well being of all of the people without causing harm to an# individual

member of the communit# or societ#.

An empowerment approach to social polic# formation places the emphasis on

autonom# in communit# decisionmaking! local selfreliance! direct democrac# and

social learning. overt# is viewed as a condition of social! political and ps#chological

disempowerment with respect to the household>s access to bases of social power

Three models of social polic# have been suggested'

Q TheResidual Welfare Modelthat provides a safety net and restores harmony

Q TheIndustrial Achievement-Performance Modelthat sets our incentives for

economic activit# and encourages efforts for individuals to improve lifest#les

Q T-e In+$i$&$ional Re)i+$ri2&$ion Mo)el that seeks to establish an integrated

institution in societ#! providing universalist services through market forces and

government intervention to promote social ustice.



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?Go@COULD

ELLO9Leadership

Lo()% o(*(#! -!'!(*12SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT NJ*+

oThinkingO

Social evelopment i+ $-e m&l$i)imen+ional 'ro%e++ 2rin*in* e%olo*i%al4e%onomi% an) en5ironmen$al in5e+$men$+ in$o ali*nmen$ $o *enera$e 3-eal$-4

minimi+e -arm an) a))re++ i++&e+ o, *ro3$- an) +&+$aina2le )e5elo'men$6

The vitalit# of communit# networks and civil societ# is largel# the product of the

political! legal! and institutional environment. This capacit# of social groups to act in

their collective interest depends cruciall# on the "ualit# of the formal institutions

under which the# reside and that emergent "ualities such as high levels of Pgenerali;edtrust< in turn correspond to superior rates of economic and social growth.

Social development stresses that the performance of states! regions and firms

themselves depends on their own internal coherence! credibilit#! and competence! and

their e-ternal accountabilit# to civil societ# and communities of interest.

Social workers have three central tasks as theorists! researchers! and polic# makers.

The ,ir+$is to identif# the nature and e-tent of the social relationships characterising a

particular communit#! its formal institutions! and the interaction between them.

The +e%on)is to develop institutional strategies based on an understanding of these

social relations! particularl# the e-tent of bonding and bridging social capital in a

communit# or societ#..

The t-ir) task is to identif# wa#s and means b# which positive manifestations of

social capitalwidespread cooperation! trust! institutional efficienc#can offset!

and?or be created from! its negative manifestationssectarianism! isolationism!

corruption.

This s#nerg# view stresses that inclusive development takes place when

representatives of the state! the corporate sector! and civil societ# establish common

forums through which the# can identif# and pursue common goals.



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720O

Thinking 7o#d in the Coop

ohn 7o#d was arguabl# the most important twentieth centur# contributor to strategic

thinking. 3e is best known for his formulation of the PBB2A Coop< as a model for

competitive decision making! that is now widel# adopted in both business and militar#

strateg# sessions.

%n an interview taped after he retired! 6ol ohn 7o#d described his mock combat (in

fighter ets) over the 1evada desert in terms that indicate the nature of J*+B

thinking'

I 3o&l) +ee m(+el, in a 5a+$ 2all I 3o&l) 2e in+i)e $-e 2all an) I 3o&l)

5i+&ali+e all $-e a%$ion+ $a1in* 'la%e aro&n) $-e 2all ;3-ile< all $-e $ime o,

%o&r+e I am manoe&5rin* 666 I %o&l) 5i+&ali+e ,rom $3o re,eren%e 'oin$+6

W-en I 3a+ ,i*-$in* air$o air4 I %o&l) +ee m(+el, a+ a )e$a%-e) o2+er5er

loo1in* a$ m(+el,4 'l&+ all $-e o$-er+ aro&n) me6

The BB2A loop has become an important concept in litigation! business and militar#

strateg#. According to 7o#d! decisionmaking occurs in a recurring c#cle of O2+er5e

Orien$De%i)eA%$. An entit# (whether an individual or an organisation) that can

process this c#cle "uickl#! observing and reacting to unfolding events more rapidl#

than an opponent! can thereb# :get inside: the opponent>s decision c#cle and gain the

advantage. We will now e-plore the links between 7o#d/s vast ball and the elements

of strategic thinking.



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NEW THINKING GLOSSAR

FOR SOCIALWORK

Dr Colin Benjamin OAM



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Assumption

S*%*!&!'* */%* ( !+ % */! "!&(! o % %"*()%" %"&!'* -* &%; 'o* -!o*/!"(! %))!*!+ o" /()/ % "oo ( 'o* ;!* %#%(%-!,

Authentic

4eal or genuine in relationship to clients! truthfulness of origins! attributions! andcommitments. 3onest communications! sincerit#! devotion! and intentions.

Average

The sum of a list of numbers divided b# the si;e of the list! in other words the

arithmetic mean. %t is not a robust statistic meaning that it is greatl# influenced b#

outliers (values that are ver# much larger or smaller than most of the values). ore

generall# accepted as not standing out from the common profile within a communit#

or t#pical of a common pattern.

Awareness

Abilit# to perceive! to feel! or to be conscious of events! e-periences! obects or

sensor# patterns. The condition of being aware of one>s awareness or selfawareness.

Behaviours

Actions! reactions or functioning of somebod# (as an individual! group or communit#)

or something (as a machine or substance) under specified circumstances. (e.g the wa#

a person behaves toward other people)

Campaign

6onnected series of operations designed to bring about a particular result usuall#

involving a plan to arrangea methodorschemebeforehandforan#work!enterprise!

orproceeding.

C A N

rimar# element of anal#sis of possible activities that provide awareness and

acceptance of what enables a collaborative set of activities that have the potential to

empower change and choice. An appreciation of current circumstances and e-istingcapabilities that create conditions enabling preferred and desired futureswithout

contradicting proven facts! laws! or circumstances. Start of the dimension from

6 A 1 to 6 B 0 C 2 that links past! present and future action paths.



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Casework

2irect consideration of the problems! needs! and adustments of the individual case (as

a person or famil#) involvingaclosestud#ofeconomic! ps#chological and

sociologicalfactorsinthehistor# ofanindividualor famil# re"uiring professional

assistance to improve personal and famil#conditions and levels of life satisfaction.

Certification Mark

6ertification marks are the onl# evidence of the e-istence of followup agreements

between independent professional service providers and nationall# accredited testing

and certification organisations! %t is not necessar# for these providers to belong to a

professional association.

Chaos

State of things in which chance is supreme. 3owever! it also refers to ideas that

s#stems no matter how comple- the# ma# be rel# upon an underl#ing order! andthat ver# simple or small s#stems and events can cause ver# comple- behaviours or

events

Change

Alterations in the social order of a societ#makingthe form! nature! content!future

course!etc.! of (something) different from what it is or from whatitwouldbeifleft

unchanged.

CharityBrganisation and practice of benevolent giving and caring. commonl# used to signif#

nongovernment organised welfare services! and philanthropic giving to people with

special needs and to worth# causes.

Choice

reedom to select from alternatives! e-ercise preferences and the act of choosing

between a set of options.

Civil SocietyAggregate of nongovernmental organi;ations and institutions that manifest interests

and will of the individuals and organi;ations in a societ# which are independent of

the government



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Clarify

aking (an idea! statement! etc.) clear or easier to understand and free from

ambiguit#.

Clathrin

B%>!*(>! o))!"-% /%!+ '!*o"> o "o*!(' &o!)! */%* o"&o'*/!)! &!&-"%'! */%* %(* (' */! *o"%! %'+ *"%'!" o ('o"&%*(o' %'+&%*!"(%('"!o'!*o*/!%**%)/&!'* o *"(>!(o' o" (%'+*o"!)!*o"%'+-!)o&!*/!('(+!"%)!o*/!)o%*!+#!()!+"('!'+o);*o(.

Client

An individual protected and supported b# a professional worker who provides

re"uested services through a contracted relationship. Bften a patient! customer or other

recipient of goods or services in return for monetar# or other valuable considerations.

Client-Centred Therapy

1ondirective form of talk therap# developed b# 6arl 4ogers to provide selfdirected!

individual assistance to clients seeking to overcome their difficulties.

Collective Responsibility

6oncept or doctrine! according to which individuals are to be held responsible for

other people>s actions b# tolerating! ignoring! or harbouring them! without activel#

collaborating in these actions.

Collective Trademark

Trademark owned b# an organisation (such as an association)! whose members use

them to identif# herself or himself with a level of "ualit# or accurac#! geographical

origin! or other characteristics set b# that organisation.6ollective trademarks differ

from 6ertification arks. The main difference is that collective trade marks ma# be

used b# particular members of the organi;ation which owns them! while certification

marks ma# be used b# an#bod# who complies with the standards defined b# the owner

of the particular certification mark.



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ColourGrid

An anal#tic,I colour representation of the preferred and desired futures of individuals

and households that enables greater selfdetermination and selfesteem in ob

selection! program reviews and social service deliver#.

Command5-ercise authorit# or control in order to give directions and maintain respect for the

source of such authorit#.

Commitment

Attitude of someone who works ver# hard to do or support something! makes a

promise to do or give something or commits to a course of action to achieve an agreed

outcome.

Communicating6onve#ing information about@ making known@ revealing clearl#@ manifesting

an interchange of intended actions! e-pressing ideas and re"uests for assistance in such

a wa# that the# are readil# and clearl# understood

Community

A social unit larger than a small village that shares common values. The term can also

refer to the national communit# or international communit# sharing a common

language and mutual learning in the course of collective actions.

Community Development

5mpowering individuals and groups of people b# providing them with the skills the#

need to effect change in their own communities. These skills are often created through

the formation of large social groups working for a common agenda. 6ommunit#

developers must understand both how to work with individuals and how to affect

communities> positions within the conte-t of larger social institutions.

Community Organisation

6ommunit#service and action within a given localit# for sustainable provision of

health! educational! personal growth and improvement! social welfare and selfhelp for

greater social inclusion. 6ommunit# based! its sustainabilit# becomes healthier where

the communit# is directl# involved in the action or operations.



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Communities of Interest

$athering of people assembled around a topic of common interest. %ts members take

part in the communit# to e-change information! to obtain answers to personal

"uestions or problems! to improve their understanding of a subect! to share common

passions or to pla# but not necessaril# to organise or provide services to those outside

of their own communit#.Complexity

Carge number of variances in relationships e-tant in random collections! and the

sometimes large! but smaller! number of relationships between elements in s#stems

where constraints (related to correlation of otherwise independent elements)

simultaneousl# reduce the variations from element independence. 3owever! what onesees as comple- and what one sees as simple is relative and changes with time.Compliance

Eoluntar# disposition to compl# with the professional standards of conduct and

professional code of ethics and the rules for handling of complaints arising from apurported failure to conform to official re"uirements.

Conscious

Apprehending! perceiving or noticing with a degree of controlled thought or

observation! marked b# awareness! will! design! or perception

Consciousness

Abilit# to e-perience or to feel! wakefulness and awareness! having a sense of

selfhood! subectivit# and sentience! the e-ecutive control s#stem of the mind. %n

medicine! consciousness is assessed b# observing a patient>s arousal and

responsiveness! and can be seen as a continuum of states ranging from full alertness

and comprehension! through disorientation! delirium! loss of meaningful

communication! and finall# loss of movement in response to painful stimuli

Consensus

udgment arrived at b# most of those concerned to come to a general agreement that

offers a measure of voluntar# commitment to a shared sense of direction offering

group solidarit# and belief.



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Consequences

4esults or effects of an action that logicall# or naturall# follows from a decision or

condition that has elements of impact and relevance to subse"uent events or

e-periences that flow from such actions or decisions.

ConstructsArrangement of elements that provide e-planations of variations in thoughts and

behaviour that are derived from concepts and e-periences rather than being directl#

observable phenomena. The creation of constructs is a part of operationalisation!

especiall# the creation of theoretical definitions. The usefulness of one

conceptuali;ation over another depends largel# on construct validit#

Consumer

erson or group of people who are the final users of products and or services

generated within a social s#stem.

Con$rol e-ercise of authorit# and direction b# a properl# designated commander

over assigned and attached forces in the accomplishment of the mission

Conventions

Set of agreed! stipulated! or generall# accepted standards! norms! social norms! or

criteria! often taking the form of a custom6 Sociologists describe norms as informal

understandings that govern societ#/s behaviours!Nwhile ps#chologists have adopted amore general definition! recogni;ing smaller group units! like a team or an office! ma#

also endorse norms separate or in addition to cultural or societal e-pectations

C O U L D

Twelfth element of anal#sis of possible activities that indicate )o'+(*(o' o"(*%*(o' */%* /%#! % */!o"!*()% o(-((*; %'+ */! o*!'*(% *o enable acollaborative set of elements that empower change and choice. 5ncourages

individuals and organisations to consider ends! wa#s and means of improving chances

of greater life satisfaction. Bther end of the dimension from 6 A 1 to 6 B 0 C 2 thatlinks past! present and future action paths

Crisis

Stageina se"uence of events at which the trend of all future events! especiall# for

better or for worse!isdetermined. Aturning point or

conditionof instabilit#ordanger!as in social! economic! political! or international

affairs! leading to a decisive change with dramatic emotionalor significant

conse"uences in aperson>slife.



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Cumulative

irrored! or mechanical forms of learning characterised b# how an isolated formation!

something new is added that is not a part of an#thing else. The aim is to learn added

patterns of response that are readil# applied in situations mentall# similar to the

learning conte-t.

Decency

Rualit# or state of conforming to social or moral standards of taste and propriet# and

standards for services deemed necessar# for an acceptable standard of living.

Deciding

2etermining b# bringing a person or organisation to a decision that settles a "uestion

or dispute and provides a pathwa# to progress towards an outcome or final

resolution.UDesirable

Worth seeking or doing as advantageous! beneficial! or wise as offering access topleasing outcomes! "ualities or properties.

Desired

2eemed correct or proper@ selected@ re"uired as an e-pressed wish or an obect of

longing and wanted intensel#.

Discourse

An abstract construct or form of communication that allows the signs to assign and

communicate specific! repeatable relations to! between! and among obects! subects!and statements that conve# new or more Paccurate< words to describe new discoveries!

understandings! or areas of interest.

Discussion

Act or instance of discussing@ consideration or e-amination b# argument or comments!

especiall# to e-plore solutions. ore generall# a conversation or debate concerning a

particular topic.

Disruptive Innovation

An innovation that helps create a new market and value network! and eventuall# goes

on to disrupt an e-isting market and value network (over a few #ears or decades)!

displacing an earlier technolog# b#. improving a product or service in wa#s that the

market does not e-pect! t#picall# first b# designing for a different set of consumers in

the new market and later b# lowering prices in the e-isting market.



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Diversity

Apointofdifference! unlikeness'variet# and multiformit#. % %t is about understanding

each other and moving be#ond simple tolerance to embracing and celebrating the rich

dimensions of diversit# t is about understanding each other and moving be#ond simple

tolerance to embracing and celebrating the rich dimensions of race! ethnicit#! gender!

se-ual orientation! socioeconomic status! age! ph#sical abilities! religious beliefs!political beliefs! or other ideologies.

E)&%a$ional In+$i$&$ion+

A form of learning environment where people of different ages gain an education!

including preschools! childcare! elementar# schools! and universities. The principal

function of the institution is the provision of courses of stud# or training for one of the

following purposes'(i) general education@ (ii) the preparation of people for a particular

occupation or profession@ and?or (iii)the continuing education of people engaged in a

particular occupation or profession.

Efficiency

5-tent to which time! effort or cost is well used for the intended task or purpose. %t is

often used with the specific purpose of rela#ing the capabilit# of a specific application

of effort to produce a specific outcome effectivel# with a minimum amount or "uantit#

of waste! e-pense! or unnecessar# effort.

Effectiveness

6apabilit# of producing a desired result. When something is deemed effective! it

means it has an intended or e-pected outcome! or produces a deep! vivid impression

Effulgence

7rilliance! radiance! star"ualit# and perception of brightness along a continuum from

black to white

Elements

undamental! essential! or irreducible constituents of a composite entit#67# wa# of

e-ample!central to sustainable development are 5nvironment! Societ#! and 5conom#.

The# could also be lanet! eople! and rofits



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Empowerment

%ncreasing the spiritual! political! social! educational! gender! or economic strength of

individuals and communities. Sociological empowerment often addresses members of

groups that social discrimination processes have e-cluded from decisionmakingprocesses through for e-ample discrimination based on disabilit#! race! ethnicit#!

religion! or gender. 5mpowerment as a methodolog# is often associated with

feminism' see consciousnessraising.

Enable

To suppl# with the means! knowledge! or opportunit#@ make able'

Ends

Butcomes that are worked towards! including incomplete! fragmentar#! or ongoingtargets to be reached. The obects b# virtue of or for the sake of which an event or

introduced program of services takes place.

Environment

The setting or surroundings in which a particular activit# is carried on and

natural and manufactured preconditions for development and growth as well as

potential for danger and damage.

Ethical Standards

rincipals that when followed! promote values such as respect! trust! fairness! peer

accountabilit# to professional standards and?or confidentialit#! privac# and kindness@

values and behaviours set out in codes of ethics.

Expectations

Anticipated outcomes that form the basis for changes and choices about conditions or

conse"uences of current or past interventions on future patterns of behaviour. A strong

belief that someone should or will achieve something or implement a preferred and

desired pathwa# to progress..

Facilitate

ake eas# or easier@ arrange and assist people to clarif#! identif# and communicate

attitudes! opinions and values that enable consideration of changes and choices.



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Feasible

6apable of being done or being accomplished or brought about against current

conditions and possible under foreseeable re"uirements for proect completion.

Formative

Susceptible to transformation b# growth and development@ having a profound andlasting influence on preferred and desired outcomes. Rualitative feedback (rather than

scores) for learners that focuses on pathwa#s to progress rather than ust a summative

assessment of content and performance.

Frameworks

An essential supporting structure of a theor#! organisation! vehicle! or obect.

underl#ing a s#stem! concept! or te-t

FunctionalityThe learning content and the individual>s capacit# and understanding thereof that

provide the basic structure underl#ing a s#stem! concept or te-t.

Genuine

Actuall# possessing the reputed or apparent "ualities or apparent attributes of a

character! sincere! free frompretence!affectation!orh#pocris#.

Goals

4esults or achievements toward which effort is directed. The purpose toward which anendeavour is directed

Groups

6ollectionof individuals who have regular contact and fre"uent interaction! mutual

influence! common feeling of camaraderie! and who work together to achieve a

common set of goals.

Groupwork

rofessional approach considering the problems! needs! and adustments of individuals

participating in groups (as educational! recreational and therapeutic programs) guided

b# an agenc# worker to develop more effective personal adustment! communit#

participation and social inclusion.



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Growth

Process of growing from a lower or simpler to a higher or more comple- form and

e-panding the participation of people in programs and activities

Happiness

State of well being and contentment characterised b# emotions ranging from

contentment to intense o#. 5no#ing! showing pleasure and satisfaction!

Harm

Actual or potential ill effects! material damage and danger of! or threat of! ph#sical

inur#

HealthS*%*! o )o&!*! /;()%, &!'*% %'+ o)(% !=-!(' %'+ 'o* &!"!; */! %-!')! o

+(!%! o" ('("&(*;. I* (* (&o"*%'* *o %"!)(%*! */%* */!word 8health/ has a large range

of sociocultural linkages and means different things to different people and peopleV!

depending on their situation.

Homeothesis

The determination to establish patterns of intention that shape feelings! thoughts and

actions to consolidate pathwa#s to preferred and desired outcomes

HomeotheticPThe negentropic determination to establish patterns of intention that shape feelings!

thoughts and actions to consolidate pathwa#s within and without a decision

environment to move towards preferred and desired futures


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H O W

S%T3 element of anal#sis of the wa# or manner that re"uired activities provide a

method of making changes or improving situations to achieve goals and obectives and

the professional practices that have the potential to create and manufacture alternative

pathwa#s to progress. 5nables consideration of the personal feelings and thoughts of

people considering alternative actions! choices or procedures. The start of thedimension from 3 B W to W 3 % 6 3 that links past! present and future action

paths to what 6 A 1 and 6 B 0 C2 happen.

IF

Second element of anal#sis of possible activities that provide a conditional

appreciation and reconsideration of potential change in situations that involve

elements of individual or organisational uncertaint#. Addresses ambiguous conditions

that have the potential to force a reconstruction of assessments about both alternative

pathwa#s to progress. Start of the dimension from % to % B 1 C L ? B 1 C L% that links past! present and future action paths to what 6 A 1 and 6 B 0 C2

happen..

Incentives

Something! such as the fear of punishment or the e-pectation of reward that induces

action or motivates effort

Implement

ut (a decision! plan! agreement! etc.) into effect.indigenous Knowledges

The local knowledge = knowledge that is uni"ue to a given culture or societ#

contrasting with the international knowledge s#stem generated b# universities!

research institutions and private firms..

Individuals

A single member of a class! e.g. a single human being as distinct from a group! class!

or famil#.

X



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Industry

5conomic activit# concerned with the processing of raw materials and manufacture of

goods in factories. or a particular form or branch of economic or commercial activit#

Inequity

An instance of inustice or unfairness that differentiates the e-perience of fairness.Information

Gnowledge of specific events or situations that has been gathered or received b#

communication@ intelligence or news derived from stud#! e-perience! or instruction.

Informing

To impart information to@ make aware of something! imbue with a "ualit# or an

essence and to form (the mind or character) b# teaching or training.

Injustice

Absence of ustice or violation of another>s rights or of what is right or fair.

Inputs

What is put in! taken in! or operated on b# an# process or s#stem

Inquiring

Seeking facts! information! or knowledge@ asking "uestions and showing an interest in

learning new things.

Institutions

An# structure or mechanism of social order and cooperation governing the behaviour

of a set of individuals within a given communit#. %nstitutions are identified with a

social purpose! transcending individuals and intentions b# mediating the rules that

govern cooperative living behaviour

Instrumental Actions

A social action pursued after evaluating its conse"uences and consideration of the

various means to achieve it. The# are usuall# planned and taken after considering costs

and conse"uences. 3abermas argues that instrumental action is alwa#s parasitic on

communicative action where actions are based on the recognition of validit# claims.

Integrate

6ombine (parts) with another so that the# become a whole. .7ring into e"ual

participation in@ give e"ual consideration

Integrated Theory

An e-planator# perspective that merges (or attempts to merge) concepts andtheoretical frameworks drawn from different sources.



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Integrity

Rualit# or state of being complete or undivided@ an unimpaired condition with firm

adherence to a code of especiall# moral or artistic values.

InterventionAn action or change to current conditions that comes between two points of time!

things or events or something that changes the course of current .

patterns of e-pected behaviours with the intended outcome of a new condition or

process (as to prevent harm or improve functioning).

Leadership

The action of leading a group of people or an organisation and holding the

position of being a leader and having a followership that accepts their lead.

Learned Responses

A wa# that a person reacts to a situation that has been ac"uired b# learning including.

a bodil# process occurring due to the effect of some antecedent stimulus or agent.

Liberation of People

A movement seeking e"ual rights and status for a group involving the act of liberating

someone or some oppressed collective of people to promote social inclusion! social

ustice and social development.

LifestyleA wa# of life or st#le of living that reflects the attitudes and values of a person or

group

Macroscale

The length scale on which obects or processes are of a si;e that is measurable and

observable describing e-istence in the world as we perceive it or conditions that appl#

to populations and societies above group or communit# levels of activit#! often in

contrast to e-periences or theories considering obects and neural s#stems smaller than

one millimetre



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Management

The process of dealing with or controlling things or people b# administering the affairs

of a collective or organisation including the process of dealing with or controlling

activities and events to achieve preferred and desired outcomes and returns on

investments.

Market Forces

orces of demand and suppl# representing the aggregate include of selfinterested

bu#ers and sellers on price and "uantit# of the goods and services offered in a market.

M A Y

5ighth element of anal#sis of possible activities that e-press contingencies! new

directions and suggestions for alternativeapproachesthat have a potential benefit orsource of innovation offering acollaborative set of elements that contribute to social

inclusion! social ustice and social development. Bther end of the dimension from S3 B 0 C 2 to AL that links past! present and future action paths to what 6 A 1

and 6 B 0 C2 happen..

Mean

An average based on the "uotient of the sum of several "uantities and their number

Means

An action or s#stem b# which a result is brought about and the operational basis for

the provision of solutions to identified problems

Measurable

6apable of being measured@ susceptible of mensuration or computation and of

significant scale to confirm benefits.

Median

2enoting or relating to a value or "uantit# l#ing at the midpoint of a fre"uenc#

distribution of observed values or "uantities

Memorable

Worth being remembered as notable and?or remarkable



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Mesoscale

An intermediate scale generall# relating to e-periences or theories considering

meteorological phenomena such as weather or tidal s#stems or conditions that appl#

to collective situations that constitute a set or class of activities b# groups! families and

communities of interest within a wider social conte-t.

Microscale

A ver# small scale generall# relating to e-periences or theories considering obects

smaller than one millimetre or conditions that appl# to individual cases and situations

below that of a set or class of activities.

Mission

An# important purpose! task or dut# that is assigned! allotted! or selfimposed to

clearl# identif# a strategic intent accompanied b# strong conviction and a commitment

to goal achievement

Mode

The number which appears most often in a set of numbers

M U S T

The third element of anal#sis of possible activities relates to necessar# and sufficient

conditions for someone to take a re"uired step that enables a collaborative set of

activities that have the potential to empower change and choice. Start of the dimension

from 0 S T to W % C C that links past! present and futures paths to progressfrom 6 A 1 to 6 B 0 C 2. .

.

Necessary

4e"uired to be done! achieved or present! essential re"uirements of life

NEEDS

1ecessities of ph#sical and social life that contribute to the social and cultural

development of a given societ# in general! based on empiricall# derived economic!

social and spiritual re"uirements for social inclusio! social ustice and socialdevelopment' 8The cultural condition of a countr# is not ust determined through its

highest achievements! but through P(ren&not< (the deepest form of

deprivation)...While caring for the individual! one needs to not onl# address immediate

needs! but also to satisf# all needs/ (Arlt ,MHK' K+).



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Arlt distinguishes ,9 categories of needs'

,. Air! light! warmth and water *.ood 9.Civing "uarters! shelter

F. 6orporal h#giene H. 6lothing I 3ealth care

J. revention of accidents and first aid K! Eacation and rela-ation

M. amil# life ,+.5ducation ,,.Cegal rights

,*. 5ducation for economic proficienc#,9. Spiritual development (moralit#! ethics! and religion).

Networks

$roup of people or organisations that are closel# connected and that work with each

other in the form of a crossed set of interconnected communications and informal

transient relationships.

Neural networks

%n an analog# to the brain! an entit# made up of interconnected neurons! neural

networks are made up of interconnected processing elements called units! whichrespond in parallel to a set of input signals given to each. The unit is the e"uivalent of

its brain counterpart! the neuron.

A neural network consists of four main parts'

,. rocessing unitsYuZ! where each u has a certain activation level a(t) at

an# point in time.

*. Weighted interconnections between the various processing units that

determine how the activation of one unit leads to input for another unit.

9. An activation rule that acts on the set of input signals at a unit to produce

a new output signal! or activation.

F. Bptionall#! a learning rule that specifies how to adust the weights for a

given input?output pair

New Thinking

The application of strategic thinking to find new pathwa#s to progress that enable people to make

changes and choices that improve the "ualit# of life and promote human rights.

N OW

ourth element of anal#sis of immediatel# present partnerships and stakeholder

relations that draws attention to a particular period of time or point in a narrative.

$ives an understanding of the present demands and relationships between people

based upon current awareness! appreciation and acceptance of what enables

collaborative acts. Start of the dimension from 1 B W to T 3 5 1? W 3 5 1 that

links past! present and future action paths to what 6 A 1 and 6 B 0 C2 happen..

.



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Objectives

A specific result that a person or s#stem aims to achieve within a time frame and with

available resources setting outcomes that underlie strategic thinking

ONLY IF/ IF ONLY

5leventh element of anal#sis of a preferred and desired outcome that depends upondistinct and specified activities or commitments that would deliver potential change in

situations and conditions. Wishes and proected states that have the potential to force a

reconstruction of assessments about both the status "uo ante and establish alternative

pathwa#s to progress. Bther end of the dimension from % to % B 1 C L ? B 1 C

L % that links past! present and future action paths to what 6 A 1 and 6 B 0 C2

happen.

Options

Alternative courses of action that ma# be chosen to provide opportunities that can besubected to tradeoffs and costbenefit anal#sis.

Outcomes

5ndresults that follow as a conse"uence of choices or interventions in a proect!

program or s#stem designed to achieve goals and obectives.

Outputs

The amount of energ#! work! goods! or services produced b# a machine! factor#!

compan#! or an individual in a period.

Partnership Construct

7uilding or forming a special relationship between people who share common

situations! goals and obectives to generate pathwa#s to progress

Pathways to Progress

Assuming that improvements in life chances re"uires an investment in social

inclusion! progress re"uires a combination of three ke# interventions that (,).enables

people to e-ercise a wider range of choices of preferred pathwa#. (*) empowers socials#stems that support ourne#s down those pathwa#s

(9) engages the advantaged and the disadvantaged on a shared pathwa# to

social ustice! social development and social cohesion.



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Person-in-Environment

Theoretical framework in which the client s#stem is perceived as an integral

component of a larger and d#namic ph#sical and social environment. with an emphasis

on understanding people! their environments! and their transactions functioning in four

general areas@ social roles! environmental factors! mental disorders and ph#sical

disorders.Performance

erformance is a measure of the results achieved. erformance efficienc# is the ratio

between effort e-pended and results achieved. The difference between current

performance and the theoretical performance limit is the performance improvement

;one.

Performance Improvement

%mprovement in four s#stemicall# potential areas'

(,) %10T re"uirements (e.g.! reduced working capital! material! replacement?reordertime! and setup re"uirements).

(*) T34B0$30T re"uirements! often viewed as process efficienc#@ this is

measured in terms of time! waste! and resource utili;ation.

(9) B0T0T re"uirements! often viewed from a cost?price! "ualit#! functionalit#

perspective.

(F) B0T6B5 re"uirements! did it end up making a difference.

Personal and Social Wellbeing

A d#namic process that gives people a sense of how their lives are going! through theinteraction between their circumstances! activities and ps#chological resources or

8mental capital6 Wellbeing is defined as 8a positive ph#sical! social and mental

state@ ... not ust the absence of pain! discomfort and incapacit#/ Bn a personal scale

this is presented as a form of life satisfaction. Bn a social scale it is taken as a measure

of social inclusion.

- T-e ,o&r ,o&n)a$ion+ o, 'ro,e++ional 'ra%$i%e=-practicethat builds upon supervised repetition of operational skills -mechanicsand proven methods of addressing preventing problems- theories,concepts and constructs establishing professional disciplines -philosophiesand values linking thoughts and feelings to performancePotential

5-pressing possibilities for enhanced performances as contrasted to current or actual

performance.



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Pra0i+ ,ir+$ne++4 +e%on)ne++ an) $-ir)ne++

ractical application of pragmatismtranslating 6.S. eirce>s ideas into paradigmatic

sociological theor# and pra-is linked to semiotic theor# to provide a conceptual and

logical foundation for social action6Pr.R.I D.E- the processes of empowerment in

professional practice:

Po3er o5er Rela$ion+-i'+ ;PR e-pectations! and number of

bu#ers

Preferred and Desired Futures

2ecisions to select pathwa#s to progress through the management of power over

relationships! resources! information! decision making and e-pectations desired b#

people carefull# choosing options for enhanced "ualit# of life! environmental

sustainabilit# and social development

Prevention- one of four levels of welfare intervention

X !" remedial/removing disabling conditions! regaining normal functioning@ need#

groups! underprivileged sector in societ#! minimum standard of service provision!

emergenc# relief! ad hoc basis! remed# gross hardships and human sufferings!

minimum state intervention! private and famil# care! alleviate abnormalities! short

term basis@ also related to residual services@

X #" preventive/ earl# prevent abnormal behaviour and conditions@ creating new

conditions@ eliminate causes of problems! research anal#sis on causes for effective

prevention! prevention is better than cure! screening service! earl# identification!

s#stematic planning! universal services...etc.@

X $" developmental/improving situations! development of individual and societ#!

constructive planning! social investment! awareness on social responsibilit#! developpotentials and new capacities! growth towards mature and responsible citi;enship@

X %" supportive/achieving obectives of other sectors in societ#@ mutual benefits

among various services and clienteles! support services! education and continuous

training! communit# support@ interrelated nature of various social policies@ better

effectiveness and efficienc#! econom#@

Pr.R.I D.E.

A social change narrative that frames decisions about pathwa#s to progress b#

enabling a se"uence of interventions that start with power over relationships! thenpower over resources! ne-t power over information and power over decision making

that address e-pectations and build selfesteem. This change intervention defines!

communicates and implements steps to bridge the gaps between current and preferred

future states.

Prior Learning

4ecognition of prior learning is an assessment process that involves assessment of an

individual/s relevant prior knowledge! skills and attitudes (including formal! informal

and nonformal learning) to determine the credit outcomes and levels of competenceand performance capabilit#.



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Priorities

%tems of preference or priorit# for action afforded or deserving prior attention or given

earlier or greater attention in a pathwa# to progress.

Problem SolvingThe process of e-amining a presenting problem or critical situation to consider

pathwa#s to progress through the breakdown of elements of the condition to reach an

acceptable resolution. roblem solving ma# include talk therapies! situational

assessments! s#stematic operations and offers a collaborative approach to critical

thinking about patterns of causation and intervention.

Professional Development

rocess of engaging in continuing education! supervision and training to maintain and

enhance knowledge! skills and attitudes in the workplace and professional practicethrough further education! field e-periences and maintaining ongoing peer contact

with colleagues and associates to improve and increase practitioner accountabilit# and

competence.

Professional Education

Structured learning opportunities to enhance skills and knowledge attained for both

personal development and career advancement! including an# programs that improve

the knowledge! skills! attitudes! or professional behaviours offering updated practice

competencies that meet the continuing professional education re"uirements of the

profession.

Professional Identity

rocess b# which a professional practitioner seeks to integrate! present and promote

various statuses and roles! as well as diverse e-periences! into a coherent image of self

in relation to agencies! clients and peers.

Professional Practice

The use of one/s knowledge applied to suppl# of professional services and capabilities

related to collaborative relationships with clients! peers! communities of practice and

professional colleagues. Gnowledge and skills in professional practice are reinforced

b# other attributes including' accountabilit#! workplace eti"uette! communication!

performance e-cellence! leadership! and respect for colleagues/ codes of ethics and

professional conduct.



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Professional Practice Standards

$uidelines! procedures and rules developed b# professional associations that set out

standard practices that govern the assessment of good practice and form the codified

basis for professional compliance processes.

Professional Title

4ecognition and in some cases registration of professional practitioners determining

status and professional standing that confirms legitimac# of professional practice!

often denoting an official position or a professional or academic "ualification and

membership of a professional register or association.

Prospects of Success

6onsidered probabilit# of achieving a favourable outcome from an investment or

therapeutic program based on present work or aptitudes that are designed to create

preferred and desired solutions.

Provider

ersons! agencies and organisations responsible for the suppl# and deliver# of health

and well being services to individuals! business and health care consumers.

Psychosocial approach

A distinctive practice model that focuses on the stud#! diagnosis (assessment) and

treatment of individuals in transaction with their social environments. %ts goals are to

restore! maintain and enhance the social functioning of individuals b# mobili;ing

strengths! supporting coping capacities! modif#ing d#sfunctional patterns of relating

and acting! linking people to necessar# resources and alleviating environmental

stressors

Rational actions

Activities associated with or re"uiring the use of the mind! consistent with or based on

or using reason@ involving a process of rational inference.

Registration

The process of accreditation! certification and identification of professional workers to

enforce minimum standards of certified "ualifications

Residual Welfare Model

Assumption that governments pla# onl#-a5e a limi$e) role in $-e )i+$ri2&$ion o,

+o%ial 3el,are4 onl( +$e''in* in 3-en $-e normal +o&r%e+ o, +&''or$ ,ail an)

in)i5i)&al+ are &na2le $o -el' $-em+el5e+6.



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Reinforcement

The process of encouraging or establishing a belief or pattern of behaviour! especiall#

b# encouragement or reward.

Remedial Welfare Model- one of four levels of welfare interventionX !" remedial/removing disabling conditions! regaining normal functioning@ need#

groups! underprivileged sector in societ#! minimum standard of service provision!

emergenc# relief! ad hoc basis! remed# gross hardships and human sufferings!

minimum state intervention! private and famil# care! alleviate abnormalities! short

term basis@ also related to residual services@

X #" preventive/ earl# prevent abnormal behaviour and conditions@ creating new

conditions@ eliminate causes of problems! research anal#sis on causes for effective

prevention! prevention is better than cure! screening service! earl# identification!

s#stematic planning! universal services...etc.@X $" developmental/improving situations! development of individual and societ#!

constructive planning! social investment! awareness on social responsibilit#! develop

potentials and new capacities! growth towards mature and responsible citi;enship@

X %" supportive/achieving obectives of other sectors in societ#@ mutual benefits

among various services and clienteles! support services! education and continuous

training! communit# support@ interrelated nature of various social policies@ better

effectiveness and efficienc#! econom#@

ResponsibilityAccepting a dut# of care and the fact of being accountable or to blame for "ualit# and

professional standards of service.

Resistance

The act of defending one>s position in response to confrontationan) an#thing a patient

ma# do to make therap# or a particular intervention less effective.

Rewards

Something given or received in recompense for worth# behaviour or in retribution forevil acts that are obects stimuli or events that (,) increase the probabilit# and intensit#

of behavioural actions leading to a such obects (learning! also called positive

reinforcement)! (*) generate approach and consummator# behaviour and constitute

outcomes of economic decisionmaking! and (9) induce subective feelings of pleasure



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Social Action

Social actionperspectives e-amine the needs! wants! hopes! e-pectations and actions

of smaller groups within societ# seeking to mobilise support for their identified causes

and associations based upon the subective states of individuals! families! groups andcommunities of interest. Social Action accepts and assumes that humans var# their

actions according to ascribed and e-pressed values taking into account the impact

upon other peoples goals and obectives. $enerall# it is anticipated that people affect

other individuals! groups and communities and that when a potential reaction is not

desirable for a wide range of people! the action is modified accordingl#

Social Advocacy

The representation done b# an#one committed to rights based or needs based concerns

of an# individual seeking professional support and particular groups and communitiesof interest in societ#.

Social Arrangements

2esignations of conduct! roles and responsibilities that indicate wa#s. people are

e-pected to act! and e-pect others to act.

Social Capital

6onnections within and between people through social networks and the relationships

that can deliver personal and economic benefits.

Social Change

An alteration in the mechanisms and processes of a societ#. The base of social change

is change in the thought process in humans 6ore generall#! can include changes in

nature! social institutions! social behaviours! or social relations that enable social work

to move social arrangements towards the vision! mission! goals and obectives of the

profession6

Social Cohesion

All that which brings people together that describes the bonds or glue that create and

maintain bonds between peoples in societ#.



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Social Constructs

The concept that ever#bod# in societ# agrees to treat certain aspects a sociall#

determined wa# regardless of its inherent value. As an e-ample! the process of

determining the right to Pmarriage< be#ond a biologicall# related construct is apolitical and social construction.

Social Control

Theinfluenceofan#elementingroups and communit#lifeworkingto maintainthe

patternof suchlife! including the enforcementof conformit# b# elements of societ#

upon its members! either b# laworb# socialpressure

Social Development

The multidimensional process bringing ecological! economic and environmentalinvestments into alignment to generate whealth! minimise harm and address issues of

growth and sustainable development6 The 0nited 1ations definition includes

programs focused on povert# eradication! health! education! social integration of

marginali;ed populations as well as crime prevention and drug control. Also seen to

be related to the social! emotional and personal development of an individual. The

focus of social development is generall# to achieve the social advancement of both the

individual and societal institutions.

So%ial En$re'rene&r+-i'A process of strategic thinking re"uired to maintain an independent belief s#stem that

supports discover#! e-ploration and e-ploitation of whealth opportunities that

destabilise prior market e"uilibria! demonstrating innovation! creativit# and

entrepreneurism to generate new fle-ible! adaptive and responsible market spaces that

reward people read#! able and willing to meet emerging individual and societal needs!

wants! hopes and e-pectations.

Social Environments

%mmediate ph#sical surroundings! social relationships! and cultural milieus withinwhich defined groups of people function and interact. 6omponents of the social

environment include built infrastructure@ industrial and occupational structure@ labor

markets@ social and economic processes@ wealth@ social! human! and health services@

power relations@ government@ race relations@ social ine"ualit#@ cultural practices@ the

arts@ religious institutions and practices@ and beliefs about place and communit#.

5mbedded within contemporar# social environments are historical social and power

relations that have become institutionali;ed over time.



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Social Exclusion

rocesses in which individuals or entire communities of people are s#stematicall#

blocked from rights! opportunities and resources (e.g. housing! emplo#ment!

healthcare! civic engagement! democratic participation and due process) that are

normall# available to members of societ# and which are ke# to social integration

Social Inclusion

A societ# in whichall people feel valued! their differences are respected! and their

basic needs are met so the# can live in dignit#. This contrasts with social e-clusion

processes that shut people out from the social! economic! political and cultural

s#stems which contribute to the integration of a person into the communit# .

So%ial In,ra+$r&%$&re

The communit# facilities! services and networks that help individuals! families! groupsand communities to meet their social needs! ma-imise their potential for development

and enhance communit#wellbeing

Social Justice

The fair and proper administration of laws conforming to the natural law that all

persons! irrespective of ethnic origin! gender! possessions! race! religion! or status are

to be treated e"uall# and without preudice.

Social LearningSocial behaviour (an# t#pe of behavior that we displa# sociall#) learned primaril# b#

observing and imitating the actions of others and modif#ing their own behaviour

accordingl#.

Social Organisation

The people in a societ# considered as a s#stem organised b# a characteristic pattern of

relationships to form a stable structure of relations inside a group that provides a basis

for order and patterns relationships for new members.



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Social Policy

rimaril# refers to guidelines! principles! legislation and activities that affect the living

conditions conducive to human welfare. Social policies focus on those aspects of the

econom#! societ# and public polic# that are necessar# to human e-istence and themeans b# which the# can be provided.. 7asic human needs include' food and shelter! a

sustainable and safe environment! the promotion of health and treatment of the sick!

the care and support of those unable to live a full# independent life@ and the education

and training of individuals to a level of whealth that enables them to full# participate

in maintaining social inclusion! social ustice and social development.

Social Progress

The idea that societies can or do improve in terms of their social! political! and

economic structures. This ma# happen as a result of direct human action! as in socialenterprise or through social activism! or as a natural part of sociocultural

evolution.Social Relationships

utual dealings or connections or communications among persons or groups and the

relation that e-ists when one person re"uests and is granted professional support from

a "ualified source or social service agenc#.

Social Services

Brganised efforts to advance human welfare including access to education! health!

migration! shelter and social work support.

Social Systems

The patterned series of interrelationships e-isting between individuals! groups! and

institutions and forming a coherent s#stemic network

Social Theory

Theoretical frameworks that are used to stud# and interpret social phenomena within a

particular school of thought and frameworks of empirical evidence used to stud# and

interpret social phenomena.

Social Welfare

A nation/s s#stem of programs! benefits and services that help people meet those

social! economic! educational! and health needs that are fundamental to the

maintenance of societ#



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Social Welfare Workforce

Workforce that helps people meet their social! economic! educational and health

needs! and works for the collective wellbeing of a communit# or nation. T#picall#

such a workforce is made up of social workers! parasocial workers! direct service

workers! communit# workers! communit# development workers! and administrators.

Sometimes educators! and income support specialists are considered as part of thesocial welfare workforce.

So%ial Wor1

acilitates social development and social cohesion. 6ore to social work is supporting

people to influence their social environments to achieve sustainable wellbeing. The

profession is underpinned b# theories of social work! social sciences! and indigenous

knowledges. rinciples of human rights! collective responsibilit# and social ustice are

fundamental to practice. e-ploring causes or intentions underl#ing a given action or

situation

W-en> establishing the period of time during which actions take place

W-ere> locating the place or position in units of energ#! space and time

W-eal$->clarif#ing the preferred and desired combination of health

and wealth that defines vision! mission! goals and obectives.



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Tran+,orma$ional

Theories about mental! ph#sical! emotional! and social activities e-perienced during

the five stages of a human being>s life prenatal! infanc#! childhood! adolescence! and

adulthood! including behaviours dictated b# culture! societ#! values! morals! ethics!

and genetics.

Trouble

2isturbingthementalcalmand contentment leading toworr#@distress@agitate.

inconvenience!e-ertion!pains!orsome other form of presenting problem or source of

an-iet#.'

Trust

irm belief in the reliabilit#! truth! abilit#! or strength of someone or something and

reliance upon the confidentialit# and professional integrit# of friends! famil# and

workers providing support in times of trouble.

Turbulence

The state or "ualit# of being tur!ulent' times of tur!ulenceand levels of uncertaint#

and confusion shaping the social environment.

Unconditional Positive Regard

Accepting a person :without negative udgment< of a person>s basic worth.

UniversalBf! affecting! or done b# all people or things in the world or in a particular group and a

social provision that is available as of right to ever#one who meets the eligibilit#

criteria.

Unrewarding

1ot providing personal satisfaction and not offering an# reward or advantage

Variations

The act! process! or accident of var#ing in condition! character! or degree and thesource of different levels of appreciation! understanding and response to apparentl#

similar conditions.



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WANTS

A desire to possess or do (something)@ wishing for something missing or desired that

is not regarded as a necessit#. %n a business and organisational conte-t includes

human motives that induce commercial and economic activities which produce the

desired goods and services or the means to ac"uire them.

Ways

A method! st#le! or manner of doing of seeking to achieve something or characteristic

approach to solving problems.

Wealth

All goods and resources having value in terms of e-change or use and richness or

abundance of valuable possessions or mone#.

Welfare ProgramsAn# of a variet# of governmental or nongovernmental social service and social

securit# programs designed to protect citi;ens from the economic risks and insecurities

of life. The most common t#pes of programs provide benefits to the elderl# or retired!

the sick or invalid! dependent survivors! mothers! the unemplo#ed! the workinured!

and families. ethods of financing and administration and the scope of coverage and

benefits var# widel# among countries.

Whealth

Aspirational codetermined access to bothHealthas a state of complete ph#sical!mental and social wellbeing and not merel# the absence of disease or infirmit# and

ealth as a monetar# measure which includes the sum of natural! human and ph#sical

assets. 3uman capital is the population>s education and skills. h#sical (or

:manufactured:) capital includes such things as machiner#! buildi

new thinking for professional socialwork(r) (1)

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