SOLAR POWERED AUTO

IRRIGATION SYSTEM

A Report submitted

for the third review for the Degree of

Bachelor of Technology in

Electronics and Communication Engineering.

Submitted by:-

IshwarKumar,JatinVij,LeenVitthalbhai Patel,Mayank Sharma

Reg. No.:-1041030079,1041030080,1041030090,1041030095

Under Supervision of

Mr. Devasis Haldar

ABSTRACT:

Due to lack of rains, scarcity of land reservoir water and unplanned use of water ,most of the land is

coming under the zones of unirrigated land and lot of water is being wasted. For this purpose; we

use this automatic plant irrigation system. The system derives power from solar energy through

photo-voltaic cells. Hence, dependency on erratic commercial power is not required.

In this project we use solar energy which is used to operate the irrigation pump. The circuit

comprises of sensor parts built using op-amp IC. Op-amp’s are configured here as a comparator.

Two stiff copper wires are inserted in the soil to sense whether the soil is wet or dry. A

microcontroller is used to control the whole system by monitoring the sensors and when sensors

sense dry condition of soil, then the microcontroller will send command to relay driver IC the

contacts of which are used to switch on the motor and it will switch off the motor when the soil is

in wet condition. The microcontroller does the above job as it receives the signal from the sensors

through the output of the comparator, and these signals operate under the control of software which

is stored in ROM of the microcontroller. The condition of the pump is displayed on a 16X2 LCD

which is interfaced to the microcontroller.

MOTIVATION:

The increasing demand of the food supplies requires a rapid improvement in food production

technology. In many countries where agriculture plays an important part in shaping up the economy

and the climatic conditions are isotropic, but still we are not able to make full use of agricultural

resources. One of the main reasons is the lack of rains & scarcity of land reservoir water. Extraction

of water at regular intervals from earth is reducing the water level as a result of which the zones of

un-irrigated land are gradually increasing. Also, the unplanned use of water inadvertently results in

wastage of water. In an Automated Irrigation System using MSP430, the most significant

advantage is that water is supplied only when the moisture in soil

goes below a pre-set threshold value. This saves us a lot of water. In recent times, the farmers

have been using irrigation technique through the manual control in which the farmers irrigate

the land at regular intervals by turning the water-pump on/off when required. This process

sometimes consumes more water and sometimes the water supply to the land is delayed due to

which the crops dry out. Water deficiency deteriorates plants growth before visible wilting

occurs. In addition to this slowed growth rate, lighter weight fruit follows water deficiency.

This problem can be perfectly rectified if we use Automated Irrigation System in which the

irrigation will take place only when there will be intense requirement of water, as suggested by

the moisture in the soil.

PURPOSE:

In irrigation process, most parameter of monitoring is soil, so we have to monitor the soil condition,

whether the soil is dry or wet. If it is dry, then by using pumping motor, water has to be pumped

automatically.

INTRODUCTION:

In a country like India, the agriculture plays the important role in the economy and development of

the country. At the present era, the farmers have been using irrigation technique in India through

the manual control in which the farmers irrigate the land at the regular intervals. This process

sometimes consumes more water or sometimes the water reaches late due to which the crops get

dried. There is a need in the residential/commercial irrigation industry for an irrigation controller

that responds to soil moisture sensors in individual zones as a way of conserving water. An ideal

controller should be "user friendly", i.e., easy to program and requiring a minimum number of keys

or push-buttons to operate the controller. It should also allow irrigation to take place in zones where

watering is required, while bypassing zones where adequate soil moisture is indicated- To add

flexibility, it should be possible to selectively deactivate any of the moisture sensors to thereby

override the modification to the controller performance caused by sensor inputs. Moreover, the

system should be easy to trouble shoot in the event of faults in any of the plurality of zones.

HARDWARE COMPONENTS:

Microcontroller (At89s52)

LCD Display(16x2)

Soil Moisture Sensor

Pumping Motor

Power Supply

Temperature sensor

POWER SUPPLY`

LCD

SOIL

MOISTURE

RELAY

PUMPING MOTOR

MICRO CONTROLLER

UNIT(AT89S52)

Step DownTransformer

BridgeRectifier

FilterCircuit

Regulator section

BLOCK DIAGRAM:

POWER SUPPLY:

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

DESCRIPTION:

The heart of the automatic irrigation system is the 89C52 microcontroller. The Intel 89C52

incorporates therein a 128×8 read/write data memory, which has 4K bytes of EPROM and is

expandable to 64K bytes via RAM module. The micrcontroller also includes four 8-bit ports (32

I/O lines), two 16-bit timer/counters, a high performance, full-duplex serial channel and on chip

oscillator and clock circuits. Eight of the I/O lines comprising Port 0 function as an address bus 20

and a data bus. Address information at Port 0 may be applied, via an address latch, to the address

bus. A moisture sensor is associated with each of the plurality of zones. Each such sensor is

periodically interrogated by a pulse signal provided by the micrcontroller via a driver or buffer

circuit. This interrogation signal causes the moisture sensors output an analog voltage which is

proportional to the amount of moisture in the soil in which the sensors are embedded.

WORKING:

The area which is to be irrigated will be divided into a plurality of discrete zones of possible

different soil conditions, where each zone includes at least one sprinkler head, soaker hose or other

water dispensing device and a solenoid valve having an "on" state and an "off" state for controlling

the flow of water to such device for that zone and which comprises a moisture sensor disposed in

the soil in each of the zones and, when interrogated, produces an electrical signal proportional to

the level of moisture in the soil proximate that sensor- A microcontroller is coupled in controlling

relationship to the solenoid valves in each of the plural zones and is effective to periodically

transmit the interrogation signals to each of the moisture sensors. The moisture sensors then

respond by transmitting the a forementioned electrical signal to the microcontroller. The

microcontroller includes circuitry and software for selectively actuating the solenoid valves in the

plurality of zones to an "on" state at predetermined times during a weekly period, unless the

moisture sensor for that given zone indicates a predetermined sufficient level of moisture present.

Thus, the microcontroller activates each of the solenoid valves on a given watering day for a

predetermined watering interval beginning with the pre-programmed start time and lasting for a

pre-programmed interval unless that interval is shortened in a particular zone where the moisture

sensor for that zone indicates that the predetermined sufficient level of moisture has been reached.

PROGRESS:

Our project is divided into two sections:-

1.Solar tracker

2.Automatic irrigation system

1 .COMPLETED WORK in the first section:

1.1 -Solar panel

1.2 -Motor and Motor driver circuit

1.3 –Relay circuit

1.4 –Timer circuit

In the second part ,we have made the power supply circuit ,but we have not

yet done the programming.

1.COMPLETED WORK in the second section:

1.1 -Power supply circuit

1.2 –Sensor circuit

1.3 -Interfacing of LCD

1.4 -Motor Driver Circuit

1.5 –Relay circuit

2. WORK REMAINING in the second section:

2.1 –Programming of microcontroller

CONCLUSION:

It can be seen that the combination of hardware and software provides an irrigation controller that

can be implemented at relatively low cost and which is extremely user friendly because it requires

only three keys in all to carry out a myriad of operations and the operator is, at all times, apprised

by the display of just what needs to be done to complete the programming of the system so that the

motor will be made to operate in a desired mode.

REFERENCES:

1.”A BJT BASED SOIL MOISTURE SENSOR FOR IRRIGATION MONITORING” by

“ Devasis haldar,

Amit gangopadhyaya,

Bijoy R,Inderpal singh,

Ankit singh Rathore.”

Published in 2011-2012 in IEEE conference at SRM UNIVERSITY.

2.”MICROCONTROLLER BASED AUTOMATIC PLANT IRRIGATION SYSTEM”by

“Venkata Naga Rohit Gunturi”

Published in International Journal of research and advancements in April 2013.

3.”MICROCONTROLLER BASED AUTOMATIC IRRIGATION WITH MOISTURE

SENSORS” by

“ Abhinav Rajpal,

Sumit Jain,

Nistha Khare,

Anil Kumar Shukla.”

Published in 2010-2011 in IEEE conference at AMITY UNIVERSITY.