New World BeginningsNew World Beginnings

Early CivilizationsEarly Civilizations

Agriculture, especially corn growing, accounted Agriculture, especially corn growing, accounted for the size and sophistication of the Native for the size and sophistication of the Native American civilizationsAmerican civilizations– Hunter gatherers in highland Mexico developed Hunter gatherers in highland Mexico developed

a wild grass into the staple crop of Corna wild grass into the staple crop of Corn– Creates the Aztec and Incan nation-statesCreates the Aztec and Incan nation-states– Where it was planted it transformed nomadic Where it was planted it transformed nomadic

hunting bands into settled villagers.hunting bands into settled villagers.

The PuebloThe Pueblo When corn reached the southwest and When corn reached the southwest and

molded the Pueblo culture.molded the Pueblo culture.– Dwelt in villages of multistoried Dwelt in villages of multistoried

terraced buildings.terraced buildings.– Spanish make contact in the 16th Spanish make contact in the 16th

century.century.– Corn arrives in other parts of North Corn arrives in other parts of North

America later and explains much America later and explains much about the rates of development in about the rates of development in different native cultures.different native cultures.

SocietiesSocieties

Outside of the Pueblo societies scarcely Outside of the Pueblo societies scarcely existedexisted

One of the reasons for the relative ease with One of the reasons for the relative ease with which the Europeans subdued the native which the Europeans subdued the native North Americans.North Americans.

Mound Builders of Ohio River Mound Builders of Ohio River ValleyValley

Most archeologists believe that the mound Most archeologists believe that the mound builders were several cultures, there were builders were several cultures, there were several kinds of mounds built for several several kinds of mounds built for several reasons: Temples, Burial, and effigy reasons: Temples, Burial, and effigy (serpent mound)(serpent mound)

Eastern TribesEastern Tribes

Farming arrives in about 1100 AD Farming arrives in about 1100 AD Three sister farming – Corn, Beans and Three sister farming – Corn, Beans and

Squash.Squash. Produced some of the highest Population Produced some of the highest Population

densities in North Americadensities in North America Creek, Choctaw, and the Cherokee.Creek, Choctaw, and the Cherokee.

IroquoisIroquois

The The Iroquois ConfederacyIroquois Confederacy or or League of Five League of Five NationsNations, included the nations of... Cayuga, , included the nations of... Cayuga, Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, and Seneca. Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, and Seneca.

Haudenosaunee, this man lived around the late Haudenosaunee, this man lived around the late 1500s and was the founder of the Iroquois 1500s and was the founder of the Iroquois Confederation of the northeastern United Confederation of the northeastern United States and Southeastern Canadian regions... his States and Southeastern Canadian regions... his negotiation and diplomatic skills brought the negotiation and diplomatic skills brought the original Five Nations (later Six Nations c.1720-original Five Nations (later Six Nations c.1720-1725) together into a great Confederation, for 1725) together into a great Confederation, for the benefit of their mutual peoples.the benefit of their mutual peoples.

Indirect Discoverers Indirect Discoverers

Norsemen discovered the Northeast shoulder of Norsemen discovered the Northeast shoulder of America in 1000America in 1000– Called it VinlandCalled it Vinland

– Had no strong support form their NationHad no strong support form their Nation

Christian Crusaders 1000 – 1300 AD Christian Crusaders 1000 – 1300 AD – Tried to get the Holy Land from the MuslimsTried to get the Holy Land from the Muslims

– Acquired a taste for the exotic spices and silks of Asia ( Acquired a taste for the exotic spices and silks of Asia ( Marco Polo)Marco Polo)

– New Portuguese sailing techniques allowed them to sail New Portuguese sailing techniques allowed them to sail to China and the Spice Islandsto China and the Spice Islands

When two worlds collideWhen two worlds collide

New world plants that changed Europe – New world plants that changed Europe – Potato, corn, tomatoPotato, corn, tomato

Old world plants that changed the Americas Old world plants that changed the Americas – sugar cane– sugar cane

Europeans also brought disease, smallpox, Europeans also brought disease, smallpox, yellow fever and malaria yellow fever and malaria

Horse transforms the North American Horse transforms the North American Indian’s culture. Indian’s culture.

Spanish AmericaSpanish America

First universities were established by the Spanish in First universities were established by the Spanish in Mexico City and Lima Peru.Mexico City and Lima Peru.

To block English and French expansion the Spanish To block English and French expansion the Spanish establish a fort at St. Augustine in Florida. (oldest establish a fort at St. Augustine in Florida. (oldest city)city)

Founded Santa Fe in 1609Founded Santa Fe in 1609 Establish settlements in Texas in 1716 to counter Establish settlements in Texas in 1716 to counter

the French including the Alamo.the French including the Alamo. In 1769 the Spanish found a mission at San Diego In 1769 the Spanish found a mission at San Diego

and late a series of 21 missions from San Diego to and late a series of 21 missions from San Diego to San Francisco.San Francisco.

Treaty of Tordesillas Treaty of Tordesillas 14941494

Divided the new world between Spain and Divided the new world between Spain and Portugal.Portugal.