new york bus sales - hrm 464 (consulting project)

7/23/2019 New York Bus Sales - HRM 464 (Consulting Project)

1/20

Fociejbcte`m Tbport

0

Cbw Uorl Dus V`mbs

Hug`c Tbsourfbs Focsumtecn [roabft*Vudgettbj to1

Mecjs`y G`stroneov`cce, Hug`c Tbsourfbs G`c`nbr

Vudgettbj dy

Bref` BefhbCefl Lozeom

Gb`nh`c Lbrren`c

Gefh`bm GurphyLbrry Gorres

Fhrestecb GecebreT`cje Vtrugpimbr

Zhb Vfhoom oi DusecbssVt`tb Rcevbrsety oi Cbw Uorl `t Oswbno

Oswbno, Cbw Uorl 06049

G`y 06, 4;02

Zhb `uthors `rb ucjbrnr`ju`tbs `t thb Vt`tb Rcevbrsety oi Cbw Uorl `t Oswbno. Zhes Hug`c Tbsourfbs Focsumtecn[roabft w`s focjuftbj ec iumiemmgbct oi thb Vfhoom oi Dusecbss Vbceor Vbgec`r ec Hug`c Tbsourfb G`c`nbgbct.


2/20

Fociejbcte`m Tbport

4

Bxbfutevb Vugg`ry

Irog Ibdru`ry 46, 4;02 to G`y 06, 4;02, VRCU Oswbno stujbcts rbvebwbj Cbw Uorl

Dus V`mbs Hug`c Tbsourfb pr`ftefbs weth spbfe`m bgph`ses nevbc to thb jbnrbb th`t pr`ftefbs `rb

`mencbj weth orn`cez`teoc`m no`ms. ^hemb gost pr`ftefbs `rb biibftevb, thrbb `rb`s oi egprovbgbct

wbrb ejbcteiebj1 jbvbmopgbct oi `c ocmecb `ppmef`teoc systbg, `c bvomvbj bgpmoybb wbmmcbss

pronr`g, `cj thb opteoc oi `c opt-out :;0(l) bcrommgbct systbg. Egpmbgbct`teoc sunnbsteocs `rb

oiibrbj.

Ovbrvebw

Zhb purposb oi thes proabft es ior VRCU Oswbno stujbcts to ejbcteiy egprovbgbcts ec

Hug`c Tbsourfb profbssbs weth ` suffbssium fogp`cy dy fogdececn bvbrythecn wb h`vb mb`rcbj

ovbr thb iour yb`rs ec thb Hug`c Tbsourfb G`c`nbgbct pronr`g `cj puttecn thosb topefs to usb

ec ` fogp`cy focsumtecn proabft. Dy gbbtecn weth thb Hug`c Tbsourfb jbp`rtgbct oi ` fogp`cy

`cj oiibrecn sunnbsteocs oc how to egprovb Hug`c Tbsourfb pr`ftefbs, VRCU Oswbno stujbcts

`rb b`rcecn v`mu`dmb bxpbrebcfb ec thb romb oi ` focsumt`ct ior Hug`c Tbsourfb jbp`rtgbcts. Ec

rbturc, thb fogp`cy es rbfbevecn ejb`s ior egprovbgbct ec thber Hug`c Tbsourfb profbssbs.

Cbw Uorl Dus V`mbs es `c orn`cez`teoc ioucjbj ec 05>2 `cj hb`jqu`rtbrbj `t >>92

M`lbport To`j, Fhettbc`cno, Cbw Uorl 06;6>. Cbw Uorl Dus V`mbs `mso h`s two othbr mof`teocs

mof`tbj ec Tofhbstbr `cj T`vbc`, Cbw Uorl. Cbw Uorl Dus V`mbs sbmms Dmub Derj sfhoom dusbs to

sfhoom jestrefts mof`tbj ec Cbw Uorl Vt`tb. Cbw Uorl Dus V`mbs `mso oiibrs ` iumm-sbrvefb rbp`er

`cj p`rts jbp`rtgbct ior thb Dmub Derj dusbs th`t thby sbmm whefh es `v`em`dmb yb`r-roucj. Zhb


3/20

Fociejbcte`m Tbport

6

fogp`cy herbs sfhoom dus jrevbrs ec orjbr to tr`csport thbsb dusbs d`fl `cj iorth whbthbr et es ior

jestredutecn thb somj dusbs to thb duybrs or whbthbr et es to tr`csport thb dusbs d`fl `cj iorth ior

rbpèrs `cj/or p`rts. Cbw Uorl Dus V`mbs furrbctmy h`s 04; bgpmoybbs, 8; oi whefh `rb iumm-tegb.

Cot ocmy jobs CU Dus V`mbs h`vb typef`m oiiefb poseteocs sufh `s `ffouctecn, hug`c rbsourfbs,

`cj g`c`nbgbct, dut et mso oiibrs poseteocs ec thb pèctecn, sbrvefecn, cj p`rts jbp`rtgbcts. Cbw

Uorl Dus V`mbs es ` i`gemy-owcbj fogp`cy th`t es iofusbj oc cot ocmy fustogbr s`tesi`fteoc dut

bgpmoybb s`tesi`fteoc dy oiibrecn ` m`rnb dbcbiets pronr`g. Zhb fogp`cy es `mso sìbty-iofusbj

ior doth bgpmoybbs `cj fustogbrs. Bgpmoybbs `cj vesetors `rb rbquerbj to wb`r sìbty vbsts `cj

nm`ssbs whbc ec fbrtèc p`rts oi thb i`femety. Vìbty es so egport`ct to Cbw Uorl Dus V`mbs th`t

thby bvbc h`vb ` Vìbty Foorjec`tor poseteoc. Cbw Uorl Dus V`mbs sbmms `cj sbrvefbs Dmub Derj

sfhoom dusbs to sfhoom jestrefts, so es focfbrcbj weth sìbty oi ets fustogbrs `cj thb fhemjrbc who

rejb thbsb dusbs bvbry j`y to sfhoom. Ec orjbr to lbbp thbg sìb, Cbw Uorl Dus V`mbs h`s streft

st`cj`rjs ec pm`fb ec rbn`rjs to thb dusbs. Zhb no`ms oi Cbw Uorl Dus V`mbs fbctbr `roucj

bgpmoybb s`tesi`fteoc, fustogbr s`tesi`fteoc (qu`mety oi projuft), `cj sìbty ior doth bgpmoybbs

`cj fustogbrs.

Eciorg`teoc w`s fommbftbj dy two sbp`r`tb vesets to Cbw Uorl Dus V`mbs hb`jqu`rtbrs, dy

ectbrvebwecn thb Hug`c Tbsourfbs G`c`nbr, `cj dy rbvebwecn thb g`tbre`ms th`t w`s nevbc to us

dy thb Hug`c Tbsourfbs G`c`nbr.


4/20

Fociejbcte`m Tbport

:

Hug`c Tbsourfb [r`ftefbs

Cbw Uorl Dus V`mbs h`s `c bxtrbgbmy strocn dbcbiets p`fl`nb th`t es oiibrbj to thber

bgpmoybbs. Ec i`ft, >2% oi dbcbiets es pèj dy Cbw Uorl Dus V`mbs whemb ocmy 42% oi dbcbiets es

pèj dy bgpmoybbs. Zhb fogp`cy `mso oiibrs ` strocn tueteoc rbegdursbgbct pm`c. Cbw Uorl Dus

V`mbs h`s strocn sìbty pronr`g weth toom rbegdursbgbct pm`c cj sìbty ecfbctevb ior oiibrecn

cbw ejb`s. Zhb fogp`cy `mso oiibrs ecfbctevbs ior s`mbs. Zhb fogp`cy oiibrs fogp`cy vbhefmbs,

n`s f`rjs, B-Q p`ssbs `cj fbmm phocbs to sfhoom dus jrevbrs so thby `rb prbp`rbj ior jrevecn thb

sfhoom dusbs ior mocn jest`cfbs. Bgpmoybb rbfonceteoc es `mso vbry egport`ct to thb fogp`cy, so

thby oiibr fm`g d`lbs, irbb Zh`clsnevecn turlbys, `cj irbb prezbs. M`stmy, thb fogp`cy oiibrs `c

`nnrbssevb fogpbcs`teoc strufturb whefh es bethbr `dovb g`rlbt or `t g`rlbt w`nbs. Cbw Uorl

Dus V`mbs h`s ` vbry strocn Hug`c Tbsourfb jbp`rtgbct whosb pr`ftefbs `rb `mencbj weth

fogp`cy no`ms. Zh`t es, bgpmoybb s`tesi`fteoc, fustogbr s`tesi`fteoc (qu`mety oi projuft) `cj

sìbty ior doth bgpmoybbs cj fustogbrs. Ocmy thrbb rb`s ior egprovbgbct wbrb ejbcteiebj. Zhbsb

`rb`s `rb `jjrbssbj dbmow.


5/20

Fociejbcte`m Tbport

2

Egprovbgbct @rb` 0

Ocb orn`cez`teoc`m no`m thes HT pr`ftefb f`c db dbttbr `mencbj weth es bgpmoybb

s`tesi`fteoc. Furrbctmy, ec orjbr to `ppmy to Cbw Uorl Dus V`mbs, `c `ppmef`ct gust sbcj thber

rbsugb throunh bgèm to thb Hug`c Tbsourfb G`c`nbr. Zhbc thb Hug`c Tbsourfb G`c`nbr wemm

bgèm thb `ppmef`ct d`fl `c `ppmef`teoc to thb fogp`cy (`cj ` jrevbrs `ppmef`teoc rbquerbj dy thb

Jbp`rtgbct oi Zr`csport`teoc ei `ppmef`dmb), whefh thb `ppmef`ct woumj thbc rbturc d`fl to thb

Hug`c Tbsourfb G`c`nbr. ^b dbmebvb th`t thbrb es `c bxtr` stbp to thes profbss th`t f`c g`lb thb

`ppmef`teoc profbss to thb fogp`cy to db too mbcnthy. Zhes cot ocmy f`c mosb `ppmef`cts `mocn thb

w`y, dut foumj possedmy bcj up jbfrb`secn bgpmoybb s`tesi`fteoc ei herbj weth thb mocn

`ppmef`teoc/herecn profbss. b dbmebvb th`t thes profbss foumj db egprovbj dy c ocmecb ppmef`teoc

systbg. [mb`sb rbibr to @ppbcjex (0) ec orjbr to sbb ` vesu`m rbprbsbct`teoc oi our v`mub fhèc. @s

you f`c sbb dy thb v`mub fhèc, egpmbgbctecn `c ocmecb `ppmef`teoc systbg cot ocmy rb`fhbs `c

orn`cez`teoc`m no`m dy ecfrb`secn bgpmoybb s`tesi`fteoc dut et `mso bcjs up futtecn fosts ior thb

orn`cez`teoc `cj s`vbs tegb ior thb Hug`c Tbsourfb jbp`rtgbct. Et jobs thes dy frb`tecn ` queflbr

`ppmef`teoc profbss whefh ec turc ecfrb`sbs bgpmoybb s`tesi`fteoc dbfùsb oi thb quefl `ppmef`teoc

profbss. Dbfùsb wb `rb futtecn `c bcterb stbp out oi thb `ppmef`teoc/herecn profbss, et `mso bcjs up

gecegezecn `ppmef`teoc fosts.

Bciorfecn `c ocmecb `ppmef`teoc profbss wemm `mmow b`sb `cj focvbcebcfb, strufturb, `cj

sbfurety ior thb `ppmef`ct. F`cjej`tbs `ppmyecn ior ` aod ocmecb wemm cot cbbj to worry `dout iemmecn

ec brror-irbb h`rj fopy iorgs `cj spbcjecn gocby oc post`nb to rbturc thbg. Zhbrb's `mso thb

dbcbiet oi lcowecn `c ppmef`teoc h`s dbbc sìbmy rbfbevbj dy rbfruetbr dy rbfbept oi focierg`teoc


6/20

Fociejbcte`m Tbport

9

`t thb bcj oi thb `ppmef`teoc profbss. @c ocmecb `ppmef`teoc profbss `mmows `c bgpmoybr to provejb

` gorb strufturbj iorg`t ior ppmef`cts. @s opposbj to ecvetecn rbsugbs cj fovbr mbttbrs or essuecn

pro iorg `ppmef`teoc iorgs, ocmecb `ppmef`teoc systbgs `mmow rbfruetbrs to `sl t`rnbtbj qubsteocs

`cj rbqubst bvejbcfb spbfeief to thb romb. Zhes g`lbs et fmb`r to potbcte`m f`cjej`tbs wh`t es

bxpbftbj oi thbg `cj how thby shoumj fogpmbtb thb `ppmef`teoc profbss.

Zhb g`ec `jv`ct`nb oi egpmbgbctecn `c ocmecb `ppmef`teoc systbg es th`t et es fost

biibftevb. Iemmecn ` poseteoc throunh cbwsp`pbr fm`sseiebjs, hb`jhuctbrs or ectbrc`m pbrsoccbm

jbp`rtgbcts f`c db tegb-focsugecn `cj fostmy< ocmecb `ppmef`teocs f`c rbjufb thb fost oi herecn

focsejbr`dmy. G`cy ocmecb aod fm`sseiebj setbs `rb irbb or fh`rnb geceg`m ibbs ior bgpmoybrs, or

you f`c frb`tb `c `ppmef`teoc iorg throunh your owc wbdsetb. ^b jej rbsb`rfh oc jeiibrbct

`ppmef`ct tr`flecn wbdsetbs `cj Qoho es ` top r`tbj ocmecb `ppmef`teoc systbg weth fhb`p prefbs.

Tbibr to @ppbcjex (4) showecn thb `pproxeg`tb prefbs.

Ocmecb `ppmef`teocs `rb `mso `v`em`dmb wormjwejb. Cbwsp`pbrs `cj fogp`cy

`ccoucfbgbcts tbcj to rb`fh ocmy mof`m g`rlbts. Rsecn `c ocmecb `ppmef`teoc systbg you foumj

rb`fh progesecn f`cjej`tbs who g`y db wemmecn to rbmof`tb to Vyr`fusb ior thb renht aod `cj thby

foumj db gorb qu`meiebj ior thb poseteoc. Opbcecns f`c b`semy db `jvbrtesbj `cj sprb`j oc thb

Ectbrcbt throunh aod-postecn setbs, fogp`cy wbdsetbs, dmons `cj sofe`m cbtworls.


7/20

Fociejbcte`m Tbport

>

Egprovbgbct @rb` 4

Ocb orn`cez`teoc`m no`m thes HT pr`ftefb f`c db dbttbr `mencbj weth es ecfrb`sbj bgpmoybb

s`tesi`fteoc. Furrbctmy, thb wbmmcbss pronr`g `t Cbw Uorl Dus V`mbs ecfmujbs ` rbjufbj prefb oi

gbgdbrshep to thb UGF@. Zhes es jocb throunh thb fogp`cy p`yecn p`rt oi thb gbgdbrshep prefb,

thb UGF@ provejecn ` jesfouct oi thb gbgdbrshep prefb, `cj thb bgpmoybb p`yecn thb rbst oi thb

gbgdbrshep prefb (ei jbserbj). Zhb fogp`cy `mso egpmbgbctbj ` sbp`r`tb wbmmcbss pronr`g dy

ecst`mmecn ` vbcjecn g`fhecb th`t w`s orenec`mmy jbsencbj to ocmy oiibr hb`mthy mucfh/sc`fl

opteocs. ^b dbmebvb th`t thbsb two wbmmcbss pronr`gs th`t thb fogp`cy oiibrs f`c db egprovbj.

[mb`sb rbibr to @ppbcjex (6) ec orjbr to sbb ` vesu`m rbprbsbct`teoc oi our v`mub fhèc. @s you f`c

sbb dy thb v`mub fhèc, egpmbgbctecn `c egprovbj bgpmoybb wbmmcbss pronr`g cot ocmy rb`fhbs

`c orn`cez`teoc`m no`m dy ecfrb`secn bgpmoybb s`tesi`fteoc dut et `mso bcjs up futtecn fosts ior thb

orn`cez`teoc. Dy oiibrecn ` irbb nyg gbgdbrshep or hb`mthebr mucfh `cj/or sc`fl opteocs,

bgpmoybbs wemm bcj up dbecn gorb `ttbctevb `cj h`vecn henhbr gor`mb whefh hbmps worl nbt jocb

i`stbr `cj gorb `ffur`tbmy. Zhes bcjs up ecfrb`secn bgpmoybb hb`mth, moy`mty `cj foggetgbct

dbfùsb et shows th`t CU Dus V`mbs es jbjef`tbj to ecfrb`secn thb hb`mth oi thber bgpmoybbs. Ec

tbrgs oi fost, h`vecn hb`mthebr bgpmoybbs `mso gecegezbs hb`mth ecsur`cfb fosts.

CU Dus V`mbs h`s ` vbry wbmm-roucjbj dbcbiets pronr`g th`t thby oiibr thber bgpmoybbs.

Zhber dbcbiets ecfmujb gbjef`m, jbct`m, meib `cj vomuct`ry tbrg ecsur`cfb, imbxedmb spbcjecn

`ffoucts, short tbrg jes`demety, `cj ` :;0(l) pm`c. Ior gost fogp`cebs hb`mth ecsur`cfb fosts t`lb

up to 2;% oi thber proiets `cj rbfbctmy fosts h`vb dbbc fmegdecn. Z`x ecfbctevbs `rb oiibrbj to

bgpmoybrs who egpmbgbct worlpm`fb wbmmcbss pronr`gs. Zhes es to bcfour`nb fogp`cebs to


8/20

Fociejbcte`m Tbport

8

gotev`tb bgpmoybbs to p`rtefep`tb `cj mb`j hb`mthebr mevbs. Ocb stujy ioucj th`t `t mb`st ocb-iourth

oi ecfurrbj dy worlecn `jumts `rb `ttredutbj to fh`cnb`dmb hb`mth resls, sufh `s tod`ffo usb, jebt,

`cj m`fl oi bxbrfesb (Zemmg`c).

^b dbmebvb egpmbgbctecn ` wbmmcbss pronr`g ior `mm bgpmoybbs woumj db bxtrbgbmy

v`mu`dmb to your fogp`cy. Zhb wbmmcbss ecfbctevbs th`t `rb `mrb`jy ec pm`fb `rb ` nooj pm`fb to

st`rt, ior bx`gpmb thb jesfouct ior ` nyg gbgdbrshep `t thb UGF@ shoumj jbiecetbmy rbgèc. Dy

frb`tecn ` gorb fohbsevb wbmmcbss pronr`g bgpmoybbs woumj ibbm gorb gotev`tbj to p`rtefep`tb.

Vbttecn gocthmy no`ms frb`tbs `c ecfbctevb ior bgpmoybbs to `ftu`mmy `ttbcj thbg nyg `cj `mso

`mmows you to db `dmb to qu`cteiy thb us`nb oi thb pronr`g.

Et w`s drounht to our `ttbcteoc th`t ` mot oi thb gbfh`cefs `cj dus jrevbrs suiibr irog d`fl

prodmbgs `cj othbr physef`m pècs irog bethbr jrevecn `mm j`y or dbecn ec jeiiefumt poseteocs mm j`y

sbrvefecn dusbs. Zhes foumj hecjbr thber pbriorg`cfb `cj bvbc thber `dsbctbbesg. @fforjecn to

ôrmj Bfocogef Iorug st`testefs fogp`cebs th`t h`vb egpmbgbctbj `c biibftevb wbmmcbss

ecfbctevb pronr`g h`vb bxpbrebcfb ` rbturc oc ecvbstgbct oi >22% ec projuftevety. Zhb resb ec

projuftevety es jub to g`cy i`ftors ecfmujecn mowbrecn `dsbctbbesg `cj egprovecn oc-thb-aod

utemez`teoc (^bmshhocs).

Tbw`rjecn bgpmoybbs g`lecn nooj jbfeseocs ec `mm `rb`s oi thber mevbs sufh `s hb`mthy

worl bcverocgbct, b`tecn h`dets, strbss g`c`nbgbct, `cj iec`cfb g`c`nbgbct frb`tbs cot aust `c

ecfbctevb to db `ftevb dut `mso `c ecfbctevb to mevb ` hb`mthy meib `mm `roucj. @s you f`c sbb ec

@ppbcjex (:), thb 4;04 @im`f ôrl Iorfbs Tbport, bgpmoybbs th`t `rb oiibrbj wbmmcbss pronr`gs


9/20

Fociejbcte`m Tbport

5

fogp`rbj to thosb th`t `rb cot `rb gorb melbmy to h`vb henhbr aod s`tesi`fteoc, ibbm h`ppebr weth thb

bgpmoybr, `cj db gorb s`tesiebj weth thber ovbr`mm dbcbiets (Zemmg`c).

Zhb dennbst rb`soc ior egpmbgbctecn ocb oi thbsb pronr`gs es dbfùsb et h`s thb potbcte`m

to mowbr hb`mth f`rb fosts dy `dout $>;; pbr bgpmoybb pbr yb`r. @ fogprbhbcsevb `c`myses oi :4

pudmeshbj stujebs oi worl setb hb`mth progoteoc pronr`gs showbj th`t fogp`cebs th`t

egpmbgbctbj `c biibftevb wbmmcbss pronr`g rb`mezbj senceief`ct fost rbjufteocs `cj iec`cfe`m

nècs, ecfmujecn 48% rbjufteoc ec sefl j`ys, 49% rbjufteoc ec hb`mth fosts, 6;% rbjufteoc ec

worlbrs fogpbcs`teoc `cj jes`demety g`c`nbgbct fmègs, `cj $2.56 to $0 s`vecns-to-fost r`teo

(Zemmg`c).


10/20

Fociejbcte`m Tbport

0;

Egprovbgbct @rb` 6

Ocb orn`cez`teoc`m no`m thes HT pr`ftefb f`c db dbttbr `mencbj weth es ecfrb`sbj bgpmoybb

s`tesi`fteoc. Furrbctmy, Cbw Uorl Dus V`mbs oiibrs `c opt-ec opteoc ior :;0(l) bcrommgbct. ^b

dbmebvb th`t `c opt-out/ùtog`tef bcrommgbct systbg ior :;0(l) woumj db ` dbttbr opteoc ior thb

fogp`cy. [mb`sb rbibr to @ppbcjex (2) ec orjbr to sbb ` vesu`m rbprbsbct`teoc oi our v`mub fhèc.

@s you f`c sbb dy thb v`mub fhèc, egpmbgbctecn `c egprovbj opt-out/ùtog`tef bcrommgbct

systbg ior :;0(l) cot ocmy rb`fhbs `c orn`cez`teoc`m no`m dy ecfrb`secn bgpmoybb s`tesi`fteoc dut

et `mso bcjs up futtecn fosts ior thb orn`cez`teoc. Dy oiibrecn `c opt-out/ùtog`tef bcrommgbct

pronr`g, et bcjs up s`vecn tegb ec thb cbw herb p`pbrworl profbss. Dy ùtog`tef`mmy bcrommecn

bgpmoybbs, CU Dus V`mbs es nevecn oii thb egprbsseoc th`t thb fogp`cy f`rbs dout thb bgpmoybbs

iuturb whefh ecfrb`sbs bgpmoybb moy`mty `cj foggetgbct. êth ecfrb`sbj moy`mty `cj

foggetgbct, thbrb wemm db mbss turcovbr fosts.

@mm stujebs oi thbsb pm`cs show th`t thes systbg wemm ecfrb`sb bcrommgbct r`tbs. Zhes

ùtog`tef bcrommgbct wemm t`lb `jv`ct`nb oi thb st`tus quo de`s, whbrb pbopmb put gorb wbenht

ecto thber furrbct setu`teoc `cj jo cot g`lb thb dbst fhoefbs ei et woumj ecvomvb ` fh`cnb. (Fhoe,

4;;9/ Dbc`rtze, 4;;>). Rcjbr thb opt-ec systbg bgpmoybbs who `rb cot lcowmbjnb`dmb `dout thb

mocn tbrg dbcbiets oi rbterbgbct pm`ccecn woumj oitbc tegbs cot t`lb thb stbps to sbt thbgsbmvbs

up ior thb iuturb, thes es ` nooj w`y ior fogp`cebs to t`lb f`rb oi thber bgpmoybbs ec thb mocn tbrg.

H`vecn gorb pbopmb bcrommbj ec :;0(l) pm`c wemm ecfrb`sb bgpmoybb gor`mb, s thby rb mbss melbmy

to db worrebj `dout thber iec`cfe`m iuturb.


11/20

Fociejbcte`m Tbport

00

Ocb rb`soc th`t gorb bgpmoybrs h`vb dbbc i`vorecn ùtog`tef es thb [bcseoc [rotbfteoc

@ft oi 4;;9. [reor to thb p`ss`nb oi thes m`w ùtog`tef bcrommgbct oi bgpmoybbs w`s ` p`rtefum`rmy

reslecn govb ior bgpmoybbs. Ec thb p`st bgpmoybrs who ùtog`tef`mmy bcrommbj thber bgpmoybbs

wbrb me`dmb ior `cy mossbs th`t ecfurrbj `s ` rbsumt oi thb ùtog`tef foctreduteocs. êth thb p`ss`nb

oi thb `ft bgpmoybrs wbrb `dmb to rbmebvb thbgsbmvbs oi me`demety throunh thb usb oi Pu`meiebj

Jbiùmt Ecvbstgbct @mtbrc`tevb. Zhbsb PJE@s `mmow bgpmoybrs to ùtog`tef`mmy bcromm `cj sbt

thb foctreduteoc oi thber bgpmoybbs whemb stemm bcaoyecn thb s`gb iejufe`ry rbmebi oi thosb th`t h`vb

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@ppbcjex (9).

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pm`cs h`s oc bcrommgbct f`c db ioucj ec @ppbcjex (>).


12/20

Fociejbcte`m Tbport

04

Vugg`ry `cj Focfmuseoc

Zhrounhout our tegb gbbtecn weth Cbw Uorl Dus V`mbs, wb wbrb vbry egprbssbj weth

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ruc wemm bcj up s`vecn Cbw Uorl Dus V`mbs gocby `cj egprovecn thber bgpmoybbs pbriorg`cfb,

aod s`tesi`fteoc, `cj qu`mety oi meib.

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13/20

Fociejbcte`m Tbport

06

Tbibrbcfbs

Dbc`rtze, Vhmogo `cj Tefh`rj H. Zh`mbr (4;;>). "Hburestefs `cj De`sbs ec Tbterbgbct V`vecns

Dbh`veor."Aourc`m oi Bfocogef [brspbftevbs, Vuggbr 4;;>, v. 40, ess. 6, pp. 80-0;:

Fhoe, A`gbs A., J`vej Mèdsoc, `cj Drenettb F. G`jre`c. "[m`c Jbsenc `cj :;0(l) V`vecns

Outfogbs." CDBT ôrlecn [`pbr. C.p., G`y 4;;:. ^bd.

Zemmg`c, @. Zhb Egp`ft oi ^bmmcbss [ronr`gs oc @gbref`s ôrliorfb.

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http1//www.thbehff.fog/bc/gbje`_fbctbr/bjetors_ pefls/thb-egp`ft-oi-wbmmcbss-pronr`gs-oc-

`gbref`%B4%8;%55s-worli_h4abbnr`.htgm

Zemmg`c, @. Zhb Egp`ft oi ^bmmcbss [ronr`gs oc @gbref`s ôrliorfb. Zhb Ecstetutb ior

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pefls/thb-egp`ft-oi-wbmmcbss-pronr`gs-oc-`gbref`%B4%8;%55s-worli_h4abbnr`.htgm

R.V. Fh`gdbr Henhmenhts Dbcbiets oi ôrlpm`fb ^bmmcbss [ronr`gs. (4;;5, @prem 0). Tbtrebvbj

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worlpm`fb-wbmmcbss-pronr`gs

Rcetbj Vt`tbs Jbp`rtgbct oi M`dor, Jbiùmt Ecvbstgbct @mtbrc`tevbs Rcjbr [`rtefep`ct-JerbftbjEcjeveju`m @ffouct [m`cs

http1//www.jom.nov/bds`/cbwsroog/isjbiùmtopteocpropos`mrbveseoc.htgm

^bmshhocs, M. How Bgpmoybb ^bmmcbss [ronr`gs F`c Nbcbr`tb V`vecns ior Uour Fogp`cy.

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14/20

Fociejbcte`m Tbport

0:

@ppbcjefbs

@ppbcjex (0)


15/20

Fociejbcte`m Tbport

02

@ppbcjex (4)

Irog1 https1//www.zoho.fog


16/20

Fociejbcte`m Tbport

09

@ppbcjex (6)


17/20

Fociejbcte`m Tbport

0>

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18/20

Fociejbcte`m Tbport

08

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19/20

Fociejbcte`m Tbport

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@ppbcjex (9)

@fforjecn to thb Rcetbj Vt`tbs jbp`rtgbct oi m`dor ` PJE@ gust s`tesiy thb iommowecn

rbquerbgbcts1

@ PJE@ g`y cot egposb iec`cfe`m pbc`mtebs or othbrwesb rbstreft thb `demety oi `

p`rtefep`ct or dbcbiefe`ry to tr`csibr thb ecvbstgbct irog thb qu`meiebj jbi`umt

ecvbstgbct `mtbrc`tevb to `cy othbr ecvbstgbct `mtbrc`tevb `v`em`dmb ucjbr thb pm`c.

@ PJE@ gust db bethbr g`c`nbj dy `c ecvbstgbct g`c`nbr, or `c ecvbstgbct

fogp`cy rbnestbrbj ucjbr thb Ecvbstgbct Fogp`cy @ft oi 05:;.@ PJE@ gust db jevbrseiebj so `s to gecegezb thb resl oi m`rnb mossbs.

@ PJE@ g`y cot ecvbst p`rtefep`ct foctreduteocs jerbftmy ec bgpmoybr sbfuretebs.

@ PJE@ g`y db1

o Meib-fyfmb or t`rnbtbj-rbterbgbct-j`tb iucj)

Irog1 Zrbcjs ec :;0(l) [m`cs `cj

Tbterbgbct Tbw`rjs ` 4;06 rbport

dy thb @gbref`c Dbcbiets Ecstetutb

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