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FIGURE 16.1 Bender-Gestalt copy trial rendered by a 42-year-old inte-rior designer a year after she had sustained a mild anterior subarach-noid hemorrhage. Note that although the design confi gurations are essentially preserved, she used only one-third of the page, drawing several of the designs as close to each other as to elements within these designs. From Lezak, M.D., Howieson, D.B., Bigler, E.D., & Tranel, D. (2012). Neuropsychological Assessment, Fifth Edition. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.

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FIGURE 16.2 House and Person drawings by the interior designer whose Bender-Gestalt copy trial is given in Figure 16.1. Note absence of chimney on a highly detailed house drawing and placement and size of woman too low and too large to fi t all of her on the page. From Lezak, M.D., Howieson, D.B., Bigler, E.D., & Tranel, D. (2012). Neuropsychological Assessment, Fifth Edition. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.


S

S

Year V Adult I

FIGURE 16.3 Two of the Porteus mazes. (Reproduced by permission. © 1933, 1946, 1950 by S.D. Porteus, published by The Psychological Corporation. All rights reserved.) From Lezak, M.D., Howieson, D.B., Bigler, E.D., & Tranel, D. (2012). Neuropsychological Assessment, Fifth Edition. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.


Initial position

RR

(2 moves) (4 moves) (5 moves)

G G B B RG

RBG

B

Goal position(no.2)

Goal position(no.6)

Goal position(no.10)

FIGURE 16.4 Tower of London examples. (From Shallice, 1982. Reproduced by permission.) From Lezak, M.D., Howieson, D.B., Bigler, E.D., & Tranel, D. (2012). Neuropsychological Assessment, Fifth Edition. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.


FIGURE 16.5 A subject performing the Iowa Gambling Task on a com-puter. On each trial, the subject chooses from one of the 4 decks (A’, B’, C’, D’) using the computer mouse to click on the deck. The choice is followed by a monetary reward (and sometimes a punishment), displayed in the “Cash Pile” green bar in the upper left corner of the computer screen. From Lezak, M.D., Howieson, D.B., Bigler, E.D., & Tranel, D. (2012). Neuropsychological Assessment, Fifth Edition. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.


Tota

l # o

f Car

ds S

elec

ted

from

Dec

ks

1 - 20 21 - 40 41 - 60 61 - 80 81 - 1000

5

10

15

20

Normal Control(N=44)

1 - 20 21 - 40 41 - 60 61 - 80 81 - 1000

5

10

15

20

Disadvantageous Decks (A & B)

Advantageous Decks (C & D)

Order of Card Selection from the 1st to the 100th Trial

Brain-damaged Control(N=6)

1 - 20 21 - 40 41 - 60 61 - 80 81 - 1000

5

10

15

20

Ventromedial Prefrontal(N=6)

FIGURE 16.6 Card selections on the Iowa Gambling Task as a function of group (Normal Control, Brain damaged Control, Ventromedial Prefrontal), deck type (disadvantageous v. advantageous), and trial block. The two control groups gradually shifted their response selections towards the advantageous decks, a tendency which became stronger as the game continued. The ventromedial prefrontal patients did not make a reliable shift, but opted for the disadvantageous decks even during the latter stages of the game when control participants had almost completely abandoned the disadvantageous decks. (From Tranel, 2002.) From Lezak, M.D., Howieson, D.B., Bigler, E.D., & Tranel, D. (2012). Neuropsychological Assessment, Fifth Edition. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.


FIGURE 16.7 A 23-year-old craftsman with a high school education made this Tinkertoy “space plat-form” after he had fi rst tried to construct “a design” and then “a new ride at the fair” (see text). From Lezak, M.D., Howieson, D.B., Bigler, E.D., & Tranel, D. (2012). Neuropsychological Assessment, Fifth Edition. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.


FIGURE 16.8 “Space vehicle” was constructed by a neuropsychologist unfamiliar with Tinkertoys. Although she used only 34 pieces, her complexity score is 11, well above control normal healthy subjects’ mean. From Lezak, M.D., Howieson, D.B., Bigler, E.D., & Tranel, D. (2012). Neuropsychological Assessment, Fifth Edition. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.


FIGURE 16.9 The creator of this “cannon” was a 60-year-old left-handed but right-eyed retired contractor who had had a stroke involving a small left parietal lobe area with transient aphasic symptoms. He achieved WAIS age-graded scaled scores of 16 and 17 on Comprehension and Block Design, respectively. From Lezak, M.D., Howieson, D.B., Bigler, E.D., & Tranel, D. (2012). Neuropsychological Assessment, Fifth Edition. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.


FIGURE 16.10 This 40-year-old salesman was trying to make a “car.” He was dysfl uent and socially dependent after meningitis followed a left endarterectomy and thrombectomy done several days after an initial right-sided stroke left him with a mild left hemiparesis and slurred speech. His Comprehension and Block Design scores (WAIS) were 9 and 6, respectively. From Lezak, M.D., Howieson, D.B., Bigler, E.D., & Tranel, D. (2012). Neuropsychological Assessment, Fifth Edition. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.


FIGURE 16.11 Figural Fluency Test responses by 62-year-old man described on p. 698. From Lezak, M.D., Howieson, D.B., Bigler, E.D., & Tranel, D. (2012). Neuropsychological Assessment, Fifth Edition. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.


FIGURE 16.12 Ruff Figural Fluency Test (Parts I–V). (From R.W. Evans, Ruff, and Gualtieri, 1985. Reproduced by permission.) From Lezak, M.D., Howieson, D.B., Bigler, E.D., & Tranel, D. (2012). Neuropsychological Assessment, Fifth Edition. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.


FIGURE 16.13 Repetitive patterns which subject is asked to maintain. Placing these patterns on the left side of a horizontally positioned letter-size sheet of paper allows ample space for the subject’s draw-ings. From Lezak, M.D., Howieson, D.B., Bigler, E.D., & Tranel, D. (2012). Neuropsychological Assessment, Fifth Edition. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.


FIGURE 16.14 Drawing of a clock, illustrating perseveration. This clock drawing was produced by a 51-year-old college educated man with diagnosis of frontotemporal dementia. From Lezak, M.D., Howieson, D.B., Bigler, E.D., & Tranel, D. (2012). Neuropsychological Assessment, Fifth Edition. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.


FIGURE 16.15 Signature of middle-aged man who had sustained a gun-shot wound to the right frontal lobe. From Lezak, M.D., Howieson, D.B., Bigler, E.D., & Tranel, D. (2012). Neuropsychological Assessment, Fifth Edition. New York, NY: Oxford University Press.


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