new$microprocessor$based$relay$ to$monitor$and$protect ... · ieee 2011 electrical power and energy...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: New$Microprocessor$Based$Relay$ to$Monitor$and$Protect ... · IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference Outline(• Introduc.on(• System(Eventat Xcel(Energy((• EventAnalysis(•](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022043006/5f8ea6bb84ff263a3951bcb7/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference
New Microprocessor Based Relay to Monitor and Protect Power Systems Against Sub-‐Harmonics
K. Narendra, D. Fedirchuk, R. Midence, N. Zhang, A. Mulawarman, P. Mysore, V. Sood
Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada 5 October 2011
![Page 2: New$Microprocessor$Based$Relay$ to$Monitor$and$Protect ... · IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference Outline(• Introduc.on(• System(Eventat Xcel(Energy((• EventAnalysis(•](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022043006/5f8ea6bb84ff263a3951bcb7/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference
Outline • Introduc.on • System Event at Xcel Energy • Event Analysis • Microprocessor based relay hardware architecture
• Sub harmonic detec.on process • Principle of sub harmonic detec.on • Opera.ons/Minute detector
• Results and discussions • Conclusions
![Page 3: New$Microprocessor$Based$Relay$ to$Monitor$and$Protect ... · IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference Outline(• Introduc.on(• System(Eventat Xcel(Energy((• EventAnalysis(•](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022043006/5f8ea6bb84ff263a3951bcb7/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference
Introduc.on • Wind power based genera.on is growing rapidly throughout the world
• Since wind farms are generally located far away from the load centers – series compensa.on is used for economical reasons
• Sub Synchronous Resonance (SSR) is a well known phenomena in series compensated system and many mi.ga.on techniques exist
![Page 4: New$Microprocessor$Based$Relay$ to$Monitor$and$Protect ... · IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference Outline(• Introduc.on(• System(Eventat Xcel(Energy((• EventAnalysis(•](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022043006/5f8ea6bb84ff263a3951bcb7/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference
Introduc.on.. • Sub harmonic oscilla.ons due to wind genera.on interac.on (controls/system) impose new challenges to today’s electrical grid.
• A new event on Xcel Energy grid with wind generator interac.on with the series compensated transmission system lead to the innova.on of a microprocessor based sub harmonic relay
![Page 5: New$Microprocessor$Based$Relay$ to$Monitor$and$Protect ... · IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference Outline(• Introduc.on(• System(Eventat Xcel(Energy((• EventAnalysis(•](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022043006/5f8ea6bb84ff263a3951bcb7/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference
Introduc.on... • Sub harmonics is defined as the harmonic frequency below
the system frequency (60 Hz or 50 Hz)
• Natural frequency of series compensated transmission system is defined by
Where, fn = natural frequency (Hz)
fsys = system frequency (60 Hz or 50 Hz) Xc = series capacitor reactance
XTOT = sum of all the system induc.ve reactance (transmission line, transformer, generator sub transient reactance
Note:
For compensa/on between 20% to 80%, fn < 60 Hz which is sub synchronous frequency
fn= fsys √Xc /XTOT
![Page 6: New$Microprocessor$Based$Relay$ to$Monitor$and$Protect ... · IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference Outline(• Introduc.on(• System(Eventat Xcel(Energy((• EventAnalysis(•](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022043006/5f8ea6bb84ff263a3951bcb7/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference
System electrical dynamics
Generator electromagne.c
dynamics
current
voltage
Electrical self excita.on or Induc.on generator effect (IGE)
Introduc.on….
![Page 7: New$Microprocessor$Based$Relay$ to$Monitor$and$Protect ... · IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference Outline(• Introduc.on(• System(Eventat Xcel(Energy((• EventAnalysis(•](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022043006/5f8ea6bb84ff263a3951bcb7/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference
Introduc.on….. • SSCI –Sub Synchronous Control Instability
– Interac.on Between Power Electronics Devices (Wind Turbine, HVDC, SVC etc.) and Series Compensated Transmission System.
7
Power Electronic Devices
Series Compensated Transmission
System
Control Signals
![Page 8: New$Microprocessor$Based$Relay$ to$Monitor$and$Protect ... · IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference Outline(• Introduc.on(• System(Eventat Xcel(Energy((• EventAnalysis(•](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022043006/5f8ea6bb84ff263a3951bcb7/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference
Introduc.on…...
8
System electrical dynamics
Generator electromagne.c
dynamics
Current
Voltage
Turbine mechanical dynamics
Electromagnetic torque
Shaft speed
Torsional interac.on
Capacitor fault induced voltage
Generator electromagne.c
dynamics
Current Turbine mechanical dynamics
Electromagnetic torque
Mechanical Torque Amplifica.ons
Mechanical torque
![Page 9: New$Microprocessor$Based$Relay$ to$Monitor$and$Protect ... · IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference Outline(• Introduc.on(• System(Eventat Xcel(Energy((• EventAnalysis(•](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022043006/5f8ea6bb84ff263a3951bcb7/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference
System Single Line Diagram
![Page 10: New$Microprocessor$Based$Relay$ to$Monitor$and$Protect ... · IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference Outline(• Introduc.on(• System(Eventat Xcel(Energy((• EventAnalysis(•](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022043006/5f8ea6bb84ff263a3951bcb7/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference
1- Breaker 1 & 2 opened for regular system switching procedure
2- CT1,CT2, and W start feeding radially through series capacitor
3- Tripped the CT generator unit
Line 1 345 kV
345 kV
45 MVA
System Event
CT1, CT2 - Combustion turbine generators
W - Wind generators – as a single unit
15 MW (20% of total generation)
To the System
To the System
![Page 11: New$Microprocessor$Based$Relay$ to$Monitor$and$Protect ... · IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference Outline(• Introduc.on(• System(Eventat Xcel(Energy((• EventAnalysis(•](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022043006/5f8ea6bb84ff263a3951bcb7/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference
Event Analysis 11
9 Hz & 13 Hz dominant sub harmonics
High speed recording of 3 phase currents captured by the DFR
![Page 12: New$Microprocessor$Based$Relay$ to$Monitor$and$Protect ... · IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference Outline(• Introduc.on(• System(Eventat Xcel(Energy((• EventAnalysis(•](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022043006/5f8ea6bb84ff263a3951bcb7/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference
Event Analysis 12
Slow speed (swing ) recording of one of the phase
![Page 13: New$Microprocessor$Based$Relay$ to$Monitor$and$Protect ... · IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference Outline(• Introduc.on(• System(Eventat Xcel(Energy((• EventAnalysis(•](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022043006/5f8ea6bb84ff263a3951bcb7/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference
Relay Architecture 13
![Page 14: New$Microprocessor$Based$Relay$ to$Monitor$and$Protect ... · IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference Outline(• Introduc.on(• System(Eventat Xcel(Energy((• EventAnalysis(•](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022043006/5f8ea6bb84ff263a3951bcb7/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference
Relay Architecture .. 14
![Page 15: New$Microprocessor$Based$Relay$ to$Monitor$and$Protect ... · IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference Outline(• Introduc.on(• System(Eventat Xcel(Energy((• EventAnalysis(•](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022043006/5f8ea6bb84ff263a3951bcb7/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference
Sub Harmonic Detec.on Logic Diagram
15
![Page 16: New$Microprocessor$Based$Relay$ to$Monitor$and$Protect ... · IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference Outline(• Introduc.on(• System(Eventat Xcel(Energy((• EventAnalysis(•](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022043006/5f8ea6bb84ff263a3951bcb7/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference
Sub Harmonic Detec.on 16
Trip or Alarm: = max (f2, f3, f4, f5, f6, f7) > Lset
![Page 17: New$Microprocessor$Based$Relay$ to$Monitor$and$Protect ... · IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference Outline(• Introduc.on(• System(Eventat Xcel(Energy((• EventAnalysis(•](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022043006/5f8ea6bb84ff263a3951bcb7/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference
Opera.ons/Minute Detec.on 17
![Page 18: New$Microprocessor$Based$Relay$ to$Monitor$and$Protect ... · IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference Outline(• Introduc.on(• System(Eventat Xcel(Energy((• EventAnalysis(•](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022043006/5f8ea6bb84ff263a3951bcb7/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference
Results and discussions • RTDS (Real Time Digital Simulator) • COMTRADE Playback
– Nominal sub harmonic detector
– Fundamental sub harmonic detector – Total sub harmonic detector – Opera.ons / minute detector
18
![Page 19: New$Microprocessor$Based$Relay$ to$Monitor$and$Protect ... · IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference Outline(• Introduc.on(• System(Eventat Xcel(Energy((• EventAnalysis(•](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022043006/5f8ea6bb84ff263a3951bcb7/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference
Test Oscillography Files 19
Nominal sub-harmonic detector – 5 Hz
![Page 20: New$Microprocessor$Based$Relay$ to$Monitor$and$Protect ... · IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference Outline(• Introduc.on(• System(Eventat Xcel(Energy((• EventAnalysis(•](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022043006/5f8ea6bb84ff263a3951bcb7/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference
Test Oscillography Files 20
TSHD detector – 5 Hz
![Page 21: New$Microprocessor$Based$Relay$ to$Monitor$and$Protect ... · IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference Outline(• Introduc.on(• System(Eventat Xcel(Energy((• EventAnalysis(•](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022043006/5f8ea6bb84ff263a3951bcb7/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference
Test Oscillography Files 21
Fundamental sub-harmonic detector – 25 Hz
![Page 22: New$Microprocessor$Based$Relay$ to$Monitor$and$Protect ... · IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference Outline(• Introduc.on(• System(Eventat Xcel(Energy((• EventAnalysis(•](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022043006/5f8ea6bb84ff263a3951bcb7/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference
Test Oscillography Files 22
Operation/minute detector – 5 Hz and 5 operations/minute
![Page 23: New$Microprocessor$Based$Relay$ to$Monitor$and$Protect ... · IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference Outline(• Introduc.on(• System(Eventat Xcel(Energy((• EventAnalysis(•](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022043006/5f8ea6bb84ff263a3951bcb7/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference
Results and discussions
23
![Page 24: New$Microprocessor$Based$Relay$ to$Monitor$and$Protect ... · IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference Outline(• Introduc.on(• System(Eventat Xcel(Energy((• EventAnalysis(•](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022043006/5f8ea6bb84ff263a3951bcb7/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference
Conclusions • The event captured at the Xcel Energy U.lity lead to the development of a new microprocessor based sub harmonic protec.on technique.
• With the increase use of wind generators feeding HV and EHV u.lity networks, it is necessary to ensure that sub harmonic oscilla.ons are monitored, and that the electrical grid is protected from any resul.ng detrimental effects.
24
![Page 25: New$Microprocessor$Based$Relay$ to$Monitor$and$Protect ... · IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference Outline(• Introduc.on(• System(Eventat Xcel(Energy((• EventAnalysis(•](https://reader033.vdocument.in/reader033/viewer/2022043006/5f8ea6bb84ff263a3951bcb7/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference IEEE 2011 Electrical Power and Energy Conference
Conclusions .. • The performance of the sub-‐harmonic protec.on technique was successfully tested using a Real Time Digital Simulator (RTDS)
• The tests demonstrated that the solu.on is capable of performing reliably the following func.ons: – Nominal sub-‐harmonic detec.on – Fundamental sub-‐harmonic detec.on
– Total sub-‐harmonic detec.on – Opera.ons/Minute detec.on
25