news from the ssef · „a natural pearl is a pearl which formed in a wild oyster (mussel) and...
TRANSCRIPT
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1!
Presentation by
Michael S. Krzemnicki
Swiss Gemmological Institute SSEF
Photos © M.S. Krzemnicki, SSEF, except where indicated otherwise
News from the SSEF
SGG, Zentralkurs Mai 2011
Villars-sur-Ollon
Fancy sapphires
The colour range beyond red of rubies and blue of sapphires
© Swiss Gemmological Institute SSEF
The range of colours of the last few months...
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2!
The range of colours of the last few months...
Photo: © SilkenEast Ltd, Bangkok!
The quest for the perfect ruby from Mogok...!
approx. 17 ct!
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3!
Approx. 48 cts!
Approx. 48 cts!
„Cut tongues“ and geometric (trigonal basal platelets)!
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4!
The Cinderella job....!
Unheated Burmese rubies mixed with very few heated ones, or even synthetic rubies or ruby imitations (dyed quarzite)!
Corrosion of rubies
© Swiss Gemmological Institute SSEF
Damage occured during a galvanisation process!
Surface etching varies in different crystal structure orientations (e.g. twinning lamellae).
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5!
© Swiss Gemmological Institute SSEF
Etching of corundum by phosphoric acid is well known, see e.g. Scheuplein & Gibbs (Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 1960, Vol 43, No. 9, pp. 458-472) or Siesmayer et al. (Journal of Crystal Growth, 1975, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp. 157-161). Phosphoric acid as degreasing agent before galvanisation is quite commonly used, see also Van Ooij & Vijayan (US Patent 6,200,636 B1, March 2001).
Muscovite on beryl
© Swiss Gemmological Institute SSEF
Epitaxial growth of muscovite on beryl from Pakistan
Pseudomorphism of sericite and kaolinite after beryl.
Beryl courtesy of Reto Theilkaes, Bern!
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6!
Engraved emeralds
© Swiss Gemmological Institute SSEF
118 ct
110 ct
An exceptional pair of emeralds
And what’s up with the Royals...
© Swiss Gemmological Institute SSEF
Thomas Faerber SA, Genève!
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7!
© Swiss Gemmological Institute SSEF
The Württemberg Parure a historic pink topaz jewellery set
Thomas Faerber SA, Genève!
© Swiss Gemmological Institute SSEF
Topaz mountain
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8!
© Swiss Gemmological Institute SSEF
Approx. 1000 ct...
Topaz from Ukrainia, Volodarsk!
© Swiss Gemmological Institute SSEF
Another small surprise...
Magnesite dyed to imitate turquoise!
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9!
© Swiss Gemmological Institute SSEF
Treated Chrom-diopside
„Glued“ with artificial resin
© Swiss Gemmological Institute SSEF
Dyed red coral and white non-nacreous pearls
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10!
© Swiss Gemmological Institute SSEF
Historic jewellery with “turquoise”
Thomas Faerber SA, Genève!
© Swiss Gemmological Institute SSEF
Odontolite (fossilized dentine)
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11!
Pearl farm in Ras-Al-Khaimah:
Pinctada radiata
© Swiss Gemmological Institute SSEF
Large blister from Pteria Sterna!(Baia California)!
With very strong interference colours!
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12!
Pearl from a species of the Spondylus genus
Non-nacreous pearls...
© Swiss Gemmological Institute SSEF
From Tridacna (giant clam) or marine gastropods.!
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13!
Museum rarities...
© Swiss Gemmological Institute SSEF
Pearl exhibition curated by Hubert Bari at the Museum of Islamic Art, Doha, Qatar!
Queen Conch (Strombus gigas)
© Swiss Gemmological Institute SSEF
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14!
Worked beads from shells
© Swiss Gemmological Institute SSEF
Black plant grain as pearl imitation
© Swiss Gemmological Institute SSEF
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15!
Beadless cultured pearls (“Keshi”)
© Swiss Gemmological Institute SSEF
„A natural pearl is a pearl which formed in a wild oyster (mussel) and living in its natural habitat. It formed without any human intervention. Any pearl stemming from a pearl cultivation farm is a cultured pearl. The SSEF considers pearl farming as a human intervention.“
See: www.ssef.ch
Beadless cultured pearls (“Keshi”)
© Swiss Gemmological Institute SSEF
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16!
Beaded cultured pearls using new “beads”
„We have encountered so far the following "new" beads, especially used for pearl cultivation in Pinctada maxima:
- Beadless saltwater CP ("Keshi") as a bead in a CP - Beadless freshwater CP from China as a bead in a CP - Beaded saltwater CP as a bead
and most recently,
- Natural saltwater pearl used as a bead of a cultured pearl.”
Beaded cultured pearls using new “beads”
Natural pearl used as a bead in a cultured pearl
© Swiss Gemmological Institute SSEF
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17!
Special cases of cultured pearls:
Small additional beadless cultured pearls forming during pearl cultivation
Photo © H.A. Hänni, SSEF 2010
Beaded cultured pearl (Pinctada maxima) with attached small additional cultured pearl
Sample mxt 21_1 (4 microns resolution)
bead
scrolling
Special cases of Cultured pearls
© Swiss Gemmological Institute SSEF
Additional cultured pearl
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18!
Beadless cultured pearl (Pinctada maxima) with included small additional cultured pearl
Sample mxt 21_2 (4 microns resolution)
Large cavity due to collapsed pearl sack after bead rejection
scrolling
Special cases of Cultured pearls
© Swiss Gemmological Institute SSEF
Additional cultured pearl
Beadless cultured pearl (Pinctada maxima) grown during pearl cultivation
Sample mxt 37_20 (2.3 microns resolution)
scrolling
Special cases of Cultured pearls
© Swiss Gemmological Institute SSEF
cultured pearl
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19!
“New” beaded Cultured Pearls: the next challenge...
Beaded cultured pearl from P. maxima with a freshwater cultured pearl used as „bead“
© Swiss Gemmological Institute SSEF
Photos and Samples: H.A. Hänni!
© Swiss Gemmological Institute SSEF
Gems & Gemology !Vol. 46, No. 2, !July 2010!
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20!
New website
GemExplorer
A guide to the world‘s major sources of coloured gemstones, diamonds and pearls.
GemExplorer: a free App available in iTunes,
for more details see www.ssef.ch
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21!
IGC International Gemmological Conference
When: 13 - 17 July, Interlaken Where: Interlaken, Kursaal
Organising Committee:
M.S. Krzemnicki H.A. Hänni Michael Hügi George Bosshart Anne Bosshart Walter Balmer Laurent Cartier Thomas Frieden
Bi-annual Scientific Gemmological Conference
IGC International Gemmological Conference
Programme:
12 - 13 July: Pre-Conference field trip to the dolomite marble at Campolungo (750.-)
14 - 17 July: Scientific Conference (1200.-)
18 - 20 July: Post-Conference field trip to the Grimsel, Binntal and Zermatt area (1000.-)
Interested SGG members are welcome to participate as Guests.
Bi-annual Scientific Gemmological Conference
http://www.patzak.org/!
Details: see www.igc2011.org To register: contact the organisers at [email protected] or [email protected]
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22!
© Swiss Gemmological Institute SSEF
Thank you for your attention