SOCIETY FOR C -ALIFORNIA ARCHAEOLOGY

NEWSLETTER Volume'l5

MCC I 11'1\J:>

The NORTHERN CALIF OR NIA .DA TA SHARING meeting will be held October 24, 1981 at Heller Estate, Camp Richardson, South Lake Tahoe from 8: 30 a. m. to 5 :00 p.'m. Registration is $2,00 per head to cover coffee, donuts, and heating ex­pens.es. This is a USFS facility and we have to pay for propane heating.

Directions: From Sacramento, take 1-80 east to Truckee, then proceed south along the west side of Lake Tahoe to Camp Richardson, which is 2 , 75 miles north of South Lake Tahoe. The entrance will be signed by SCA and also signed into the camp and to the Heller Estate.

Also, from Sacramento, take State 50 east to South Lake Tahoe to the light, which is the 50 /89 intersection. Turn north on 89 2. 75 miles to Camp Richard­son, on east side of 89. Signs will be posted.

From Reno, proceed so.uth on 395 to .a point two miles south of Carson City the junction with State SO. Turn west on 50 and drive throuyh Stateline to the junc­tion of 50/89 and north to Camp Richard­son 2. 75 miles; again the siyns to the SCA meeting will be posted .

It is recommended that everyone briny warm clothing in case of an early winter or nippy days and nights. Let's make the deadline for October 4th for scheduled papers, etc. and h a ve those items mailed to Mike Boynton, 358 French Street, Wil­lows, California 95988.

The SOUTHERN CALIFOt{N IA l)ATA SHARING meeting will be held .Oct-ober 10, 1981 at California State University Ful­lerton . T hose peoµle wish ing to partici­pate should s e nd their topi cs to Charles Bull, 1094 Cudahy Place #204, San Diego,

No. 3 Sept.1981

Caiifornia 92110, prior to October 2, 1981

The SCA ANNUALMEETING is scheduled for April 1 2, and 3, 1982 in Sacramento, California. John f:oster program chair writes : ,,,a;

The Society for California Arch­aeology will hold its Sixteenth An­nual Meeting April 1-3, 1982 in Sac­ramento at the Woodlake Inn. The theme of this year's meeting is 'Ca l­ifornia Archaeology Today' and I am asking that the symposia be data ori­ented syntheses of archaeology by re­gion topic, theory or subdiscipline. My reason for this is simply that we · need to take full advantage of the natural public appeal of ou r subLect matter. Here in Sacramento, and a lso statewide, the public is wildly ex­cited about archaeologica I informa­tion. We _pave an urgent need to co,n­municate the results of work espe­cially that which is pub lie spon­sored. Our efforts in this wi II be repayed through greater public sup­port of California Archaeoloyy. We need this support. The message I'm gettiny from ·hearings on AB 952 and

,other recent legislation is that we need to greatly improve our imaye us iny the most natural ~ we have yoing--that is the information we have about the µast.

With that introduction I want to invite everyone ·to attend and µartic­ipate in the 1982 meeting, Our host will be the Woodlake Inn, 500 Leisure Lane, Sacramento, Tel: (916) 922-6251 The Woodlake Inn has all th~ facilities we need--adequate meeting and banquet rooms, a comfortable bar and limo service to the airport. The Inn is located near Highway 160 and Canterbury Roaq, only a few miles

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from downtown. There is not a whole lot else around, though, so it's im­portant that people m~ke their reser­vations early and plan on staying at the Woodlake Inn. We have been guar­anteed a room rate of $38.00 for 1-4 peoµle. That works out to less than $10.00 per person quadruple or $12. 75 per person triple, cheap for this area.

We have set January 1 1982 as the deadline for submission of ab­stracts and symposia topics. Please organize early and send them in. The

------B-aker-s.fie~g had a high rate of "no shows," exceeaili·g 20-%. - I- wan!__ to make every effort to avoid repeat­ing this, so, ~ submit what ~ ~ deliver. I expect symposia chairperSOjlS to. regulat,e ·the quality of papers so that the program can be informative and fully professional.

Some of the events we have planned for 19112 are slide/lectures for the lay public in Sacramento; wine tasting; and tours to the State Indian Museum, Old Sacramento, and perhaps a Central Val_ley mound or two. Plan on being in Sacramento April 1-3 for the Sixteenth Annual Meeting.

PROGRAM CHAIR: John W. Foster Oept. of Parks &

Recreation P.U. Box 2390 Sacramento, CA 95811 (916) 322-8588 or

967-t,607 (.home)

LOCAL ARRANGEMENTS: David Abrams Cosurnnes River

Colle!:Je 8401 Center Parkway Sacramento, CA 951123 (916) 421-1000 x359

or 485-8140 ( home)

LEGISLATIVE UPDATE

AB 952 has been temporarily shelved. It has not been withdrawn, it is simply not being pushed by its proponent and sponsor pending meetings between the archaeologists and other interested par­ties. The State Office of Historic Pres­ervation (S OHP,.) will be coming out with. a series of guidelines and amendments to the bill by December 31 These will be a result of consultations with ar_chaeolo­gists Native Americans, and others to address the minor problems that the bill was dealing with in a drastic way.

Gary B reschini

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- --CLEARINGHOUSE INFORMATION

Clay Singer is replacing Sheil a Call­ison as the clearinghouse coordinator for the -Los A..o_~les area. Bob Schiffman is the new coordinator for the San JoaqJ,Jin Valley replacing Dudley Varner. Ad­dresses for these individuals are pro­vided in the clearinghouse list below

SCA D·ISTRICT CLEARINGHOUSES 1981-1982

01 Northwest

02 Northeast

03 Sacramento Valley

05 South Central Coast

06 San Joaquin Valley

07N Ventura

075 Los Angeles Area

08N Desert North (except San Ber-· nardino County)

0858 r San Bernardino County

085 Southern Desert

Dr. David A. Fredrickson Anthropology · Department Cal State University

.Sonoma 1801 E. Cotati Avenue Rohnert Park, CA 94928 ·(-70'7-)--664--::23.12/664-237 I

·---- . - - -- ---Dr. Mark Kowta Anthropology · Department Cal State University

Chico Chico, CA 95926 (916) 895-6192

None

Robert L. Edwards A nt"hropology Department Cabril lo College 6500 Sequel Drive Aptos, CA 95003 (408) 524-6294/476-7468

Robert Schiffman Bakersfield College 1801 Panorama Drive Bakersfield, CA 93305 (805) 395-4391

Paul Aiello Anthropology Department Ventura College Ventura, CA 93003 (805) 642-3211

Sheila Callison Anthropology Department Oxnard College P.O. Box· 1600 Oxnard, CA 93032

Daniel F McCarthy University of California Archaeological Research

Unit Riverside, CA 92521 (714) 787-3885

Mr. Michael Lerch San Bernardino County 20211 Orange Tree Lane Redlands CA 92373 (714) 792-1932

Mr. Jay von Werlhof Imperial Valley College

Museum P.O Box 158 Imperial, CA 92251

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09 Orange County

010 South Central

011 South Coast

0125 South Channel

012N North Channel

Constance Cameron Anthropology Department Cal State University

Fullerton Fyf!~rtim." CA ng3~ (714) 773-3977

Robert Schiffman Anthropology Department Bakersfield College 1801 Panorama Drive Bakersfield, CA 93305 (805) 395-4391

John- R. Cook Anthropology Department Cultural Resource

Management Center San- -0·1ego --Sta~-------

University San Diego, CA 92182 (714) 636-6300/578-8964

Dr. Michael A Glassow Anthropology Department Universit y of Catifornia Santa Barbara, CA 93106 (805) 961-2054/961-2257

Dr. Robert L Hoover Social Sciences

Department California Polytechnic San Luis Obispo, CA 92407 (805) 546-2260

NOW YOU SEE IT NOW YOU DON'T

On August 13, 1981 the Department of Parks and Recreation decided to reintur approximately 871 human burials and asso­ciated grave goods. As part of a policy statement prepared during the tenure of past Parks and Recreation Director Rus­sell Cahill, the state parks ca lled for transfer of legal authority over the :-sm~uns. During the past year ::.ter­ested parties have pressed both for the transfer of the r_emains to the Native American community and for the continued mainte nance of the burials and grave goods by the state park system.

. The __ whole issue heated up recently when Pete.r Dangermond, director of the Department of Parks and Recreation, de­cided to implement the policy. In re­sponse to his decision, Tom King notified the state that the decision may be in violation of the agreements under which the items were recovered. M. A. Catino, acting regional director for the Burea·u of Reclamation, mid-Pacific regional of­fice, stressed that "Any cultural remains recovered from federa·J ·rands remain fed­eral property and cannot be disposed of or destroyed."

In resoonse to the concern s expressed by differ~nt federal officials partici­pants in the August meeting decided that the bu ria Is and grave goods would not be transfered b ut that the state p a rks would

rebury them. A representative of the Native American Heritage ·Commission indi­cated that by reinturing the subject re­mains on state park land , some problems ,yj!h the federal government could be avoided. Even so, it has been indicated that the federally funded remains would be reintured last so as to provide more time for comment.

Interestingly SHPO was not directly consulted in this matter and apparently has no jurisdiction. The possibility of a 106 requirement, however could see their participation.

As it presently stands, the program will entail several tasks. First, the

------- - -bur,.ial -and gr,.a¥e--gooes- will -be- -ir-wen-to-r~-­ied. Those remains without 9 rave goods

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will be reintured immediately; 18 months has been a lotted for the study and rep li­cation of the grave goods. No study is to be permitted of the bones themselves. After the 18-month period, all materials are to be buried.

Part of the proposed program is the replication · of burial materials. It is hoped t.hat some of the· research value of these materials can be conserved through this procedure.

Funding of this program is still ill­defined. The Native American ~mmunity has indicated a willingness ·to poten­tially fund some costs associated with the necessary reburial rituals. Funding for · the study of artifacts wou Id presum­ably lie with the park system; however such a determination has not yet been established.

WHILE-THEY-LAST SALE SCA PUBLICATIONS

1981 Annual Meetings Program 8-1i2;; x 11 11 format with an original basketry design by Alvin Davis on the cover $2.00

Back Issues of Newsletters Volumes 2-14 (some in very limited supply; between 4 and 5 issues per volume) Price per volume 1.00

Individual Issues .25

Occasional Papers .#1 1977 issue (very limited

number) 1 25 #2 1979 issue (less than 100

left) 2.00 #3 1981 issue (new issue to

be sent shortly to SCA member·s as part of the ir membership) 4.00

Miscel laneous Publications Death of the Past by Mike

Moratto et al. Status of Archaeology by Mike

Moratto

.25

25

Stewards of the Past, Univ of Missouri, Columbia 25

Coccidiomyccsis for Archaeolo-gists, J C. Loofbourow and D Pappagianis • 2-5

SCA Directories (out of print and will not be reissued) .25

Archaeological Impact Evaluatfon Paper by Tom F King, Mike Moratto, and N. Nelson Leonard, 111 10

Special on miscellaneous publications while they last 1.00

each

-----------------------------------------Postage and handling: 504 per order of 5

items or more. Fewer than 5 items, 25f

have added to the data base of the desert.

Ed Gardner recently joined Ron at L_arry S~~mans and Associates. He ob­tained both his bachelor and master of arts degrees from the University of the Americas and in the past two years had begun to contribute to the ethnographic _base of southern California. Ed had served as a project ethnologist for the _County of Orange, WESTEC Services, and for the Juaneno Indians. He had numerous publications on Meso-America and was in­terested in glottochronology and its ap­plication to the peopling of California.

-per i·t-em, __ _ _ _____ ____ _ _ _ A memorial fund for archaeology graauate sTo-den-rs ha-s-·been- -set - tip- at-t-Ae-- - --­CSUF Department of Anthropology. The Jenkins-Douglas Scholarship Fund was es-

Send checks to: Ms. Gale Carpenter SCA Business Office Dept. of Anthropology Cal State University Fullerton, CA 92634

TRAGEDY CLAIMS THE LIVES OF THREE

On Friday August 28, 1981 in the town of Happy Camp, tragedy struck and took the lives of three of our friends. Ron Douglas, Ed Gardner and Bruce Jen­kins were on their way home after com­pleting a cultural resource contract for the Forest Service when mechanical fail­ure caused their plane to crash, killing all three.· They were employed by Larry See mans and Associates.

Ron finished his master of arts from California State University Fullerton, in 1980, later to form his own firm as a partner in Archaeological Planning Colla­borative. Ron actively pursued his own research interests in Great Basin archae­ology desert archaeology and California ceramics. He had recently expanded his contract interests to include northern California and San Diego County. For a number of years, he had been an active member of SCA speaking at data sharing meetings, annual meetings, and function­ing as the Orange County/South Coast re­gional new.sletter editor. Even while pursuing ·· -a· ·living in cultura I ·resource management, Ron still found time to pur­sue his own research in the Lake Mojave area, working with the California State University Consortium at Zzy.x Springs.

Bruce Jenkins was pursuing his mas­ters degree at Fullerton, actively work­ing in desert archaeology at Zzyx Springs and working part time for Ron. Bruce had comp feted excavation of a rock shelter which was badly looted on the shore of Lake Mojave at Zzyx Springs. He was be­ginning to sort and analyze the material for his masters degree project and the­sis. Bruce was excited about the poten­tial of the cave yielding important data, even though it had been pothunted during the past' two decades. The contribution would have been substantial and would

tablished by the Department of An.thropol-ogy the Anthropology Student Associa-tion, and the _. Archaeological Research Facility. Contributions may be sent through the department.

This unpredictable loss of three of our colleagues leaves a void in all of our lives. We are left with the memories of three fine people who really cared about archaeology anthropology and the people working in the field. We will miss their professional contributions as colleagues, but more importantly we will miss them as friends.

Russell Kaldenberg

RONALD D. DOUGLAS

M.A. Cal State University Ful lerton, 1980

B.A. Cal State University Fullerton, 1978

A.A. Fullerton College, 1976

Publications

An Archaeological Survey in the Pleasant Valley District of Joshua Tree National Monument. On file at Western Archaeolog­ical Center National Park Service, Tucson, Arizona.

On- the Orderinq of Great Basin Prehis­tory: The Evolution of Theory and Meth­odology in Great Basin Archaeology . On file at Museum of Anthropology Califor­nia State University Fullerton.

Report on Archaeological Investigations in the Cottonwood Spring District, Joshua Tree National Monument. Pacific Coast Archaeological Society Quarterly, Vol. 14, No. 4, October 1979.

Archaeological Investigations in Joshua Tree National Monument : A Study in Adap­tive Cultural Change. Master's thesis, California State University Fullerton 1979.

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An Unusual Ground Stone Artifact. The Southwest Museum Masterkey, Vol. 53, No. 4 1979 •

An E>verview of Archaeological -Resoµrces of The Cotton wood Spring Oasis, Joshua Tree Nationa I Monument, California. Schenk Archives paper No. 78 San Francisco, 1979,

A rchaeologica I Observations at the South­ern Terminus of Coyote Lake, sa ·n Bernar­dino County, California. On file at San Bernardino County Museum, Redlands

Current Research: An Archaeological Re­connaissance in the Cottonwood Spring

_Dis_tcicL o.f Josb.ua_ . Tr:ee __ ~a.tio.nal_ M_oo.u=----ment. On file at Archaeological Research Unit, University of California, River-side, 1979.

A Report on Archaeologica l Investigations in the Cottonwood Spring District, Joshua Tree National Monument. On file at Archaeological Research Unit, University of California, Riverside, 1979

Archaeological Reconnaissance of the Crucero Valley, · San Bernardino County, California. Lake Mojave Archaeological Project Research Paper Number One, Cali­fornia State University Fullerton, 1980.

Archaeological Reconnaissance of Mesquite Spring, San Bernardino County, Califor­nia. Lake Mojave Archaeological Project Research Paper Number Three, California State University Fullerton, 1980'.

Ethnobotanical Importance of Oryzopsis Hymenoides in the Crucero Valley, San Bernardino County, California. Lake Mo­jave Archaeological Project Research Pa­per Number Two, California State Univer­sity, Fullerton, 1980. Also in Fremon­tia, the Journa I of the Ca iiforn ia Native Plant Society Vol. 9, No. 1, 1981

Archaeological Reconnaissance of the East Shore of Soda Lake Playa, San Bernardino County, · California. Lake Mojave Archaeo­logical Project Research Paper Numbe·r Four California State University Ful­lerton, 1980.

Identification of Fauna! Remains from an Aboriginal Fire Hearth at CA-SBr-4040. Lake Mojave Archaeological Project Research Paper Number Five, California State University Fullerton , 1980.

Pottery Notes from Joshua Tree Nationa I Monument. The Southwest Museum Master­~. Vol. 54, No. 4, 1980.

Archaeological Reconnaissance of Arriba de Arroyo Matomi, Baja California Norte, Mexico. Pacific Coast Archaeological Society Quarterly, Vol. 17 No. 1, Janu­ary 1981

Author or co-author of over 50 profes­sional archaeological site surv ey test level, and salvage investigation tech­nica I reports.

EDWARD C. GARDNER

M.A. BA.

University of Americas, 1977 University of Americas, 1972

Publications

The People of San Miguel: A Portrait of Sierra Totonaco Indians Revist;,i Meso­americana, Mary T Garcia, ed. Vol. 11 No. l, Sociedad de· Antropologia Univer­sity of the Americas, 1976.

Tepalcate Notes from ChoiuTa. -Re·,,Tsta ­Mesoamericana, Mary T Garcia, ed. Vo I. II No. 2, Sociedad de Antropologia, University of the Amer"icas, 1976.

Produccion Contemporanea Cholulteca de Artefactos de Piedra-San Nicolas de los Ranchos, -Puebla. XV Mesa Redonda Re­vista, Vol. 1 Sociedad Mexicana de Antropologia, 1978.

Produccion de la Ceramica Domestica Con­temporanea de Cholula-San Matias Coco­yot·la, XV Mesa Redonda Revista, Vol. 2, Sociedad Mexicana de Antropologia, 1978.

An Ethnographic Background of the Pana­mint Valley. U.S.· Army China Lake Envi­ronmental Report, WESTEC Serv ices, 1980 •

Native American Attitudinal Sgr.-y,e:y. Cul­tural Resource Assessment, Massacre Can­yon Development Property, California, APC, 1980.

Archaeological and Paleontoloqical As­sessment of Mariner's Office Plaza, New­port Beach, APC, 1980.

Native American Concerns. Cultural/ Scientific Resource Management Plan, Irvine Coast Planning Area, APC, 1980.

RAIDERS FOR A LOST CAUSE?

- -- During the past decade, archaeology has become a more common word in the American vocabulary. Businessmen, gov­ernment officials, bankers, real tors, students, newspaper readers, and movie­goers have all learned that archaeology is something that exists in the imagina­tion of millions and in the pocketbooks of thousands. Even though archaeology is fantasized by mill ions as being an inter­esting pursuit, it_ is scorned by hun­dreds, if not thousands, of people who have to deal with archaeology as a com­mer.cial env ironmental pursuit. The com­modity approach to archaeological sites has spoiled some of the purity of the discipline, not because ·commercial arch­aeology is bad, but because it is per­ceived by the business community as being bad. It is perceived as being unessen-

tial, costly and contributing little to the welfare of present-day humanity.

We have often been our own conquer­er-s, the masters of Ol,!r QWn defeat. The luxury of our esoteric p~·rs~it has been bantered in the state legislature as well as in Washington, D C. A portion of our problem is that we have not reached the gen.era! public. A case in point is AS-952, which has been amended six times since its introduction to the state leg­islatur·e in April and touted as being a bad bill by a number of supportive as­semblymen; even with nearly 5,000 letters from the general public, it is still pro­gressing through the legislature. I feel that part of the reason is that legisla-

to~s are striking out al rne- peopl·e- whom· ·­their constitutents and economic support­ers are claiming · are stifling their busi­ness and are causing project delays and unemployment. Each legislator to whom I have talked has had a horror story about someone having to spend thousands of dol­lars of high interest money on a few fl<1kes or insignificant sites just to satisfy some archaeologist or another "environmental fanatic." We, as a group, are considered to be uncompromising and unreasonable ·professionals who can be pacified by economics. Our few public supporters are considered to be in the same camp. Five thousand letters are nice, but they do not have the impact of an endorsement by the AFL-CIO. We are simply too politically weak,

It is probably past time to do some­thing constructive about the public sen­timent against us as a discipline, but it is not too late, I hope, to individually clean up our acts and garner the respect of the business and government communi-ties, It matters little with whom I talk; nearly every other profession speaks of archaeology as being vastly differerit from their profession, that we gossip about each other and run each other into the ground, often maliciously. A recent article in the Wall Street Jour­nal emphasized the "bad mouthing" and bickering which occurs in the discipline. It also emphasized the high cosL.of arch­aeology and the pursuit of archaeology for the sake of science, Many managers wonder if the high cost is worth the product which is pursued. They _reaUy have no way of knowing, since the end result is so different from · a timber lease or a subdivision, We have to make archaeology come alive for the taxpayer. The recent movie "Raiders of the Lost Ark" has made archaeology exciting for the average citizen. We can do the same, if we only try. Individually each o{ us can present a positive image to our bosses, the business community the media, and our state legislators. We have to start a grass roots movement which filters back to the discip line from the nonarchaeo logical community. ,

F rom that point on, we will be able to present a positive image of the disci-

pline. We have to stop picking on one another in such a manner that the £1eneral public, legislators, and, particularly the media hears our quarrels. We can no longer afford the enormous cost of airing our dirty laundry in public. If we must battle, let's do it with· boxing gloves, away from the courts and the newspapers. If we must continue the nonsense that archaeology has gone through we will lose not only a major portion of the practitioners of our discipline through ·reactionary legislation, but we will lose many of our people to whatever other job they can get. Look around you. As I do, I see a number of my friends and col­leagues throwing in the archaeological-· trowel giving up because of years of

- -eompe-tit-i-V-e- backb.i.tingr_mea.ger_w.ages_,_ ~ ·- ___ _ an adverse political climate.

Our cause is important. Our disci-pline is a religion to most of us; Ron May said that long before it was uttered in "Raiders. 11 We need to get our acts together and pursue the cause of under­standing the past in a truly professional manner. We do not want to be known as raiders of the national treasury where we take thousands of do((ars for things which the public and even many members of our own discipline cannot understand. If we pursue some of our exploits, we will, indeed, be raiders for a lost cause, that cause being our own economic well-being.

A positive note has occurred this summer. President Reagan has been quoted as saying that "Raiders" is one of his favorite movies. While this concept of adventursome archaeology is still fresh in the minds of the public, it is impor­tant that we continue the momentum and build a strong grass roots base by reach­ing out to our neighbors, bosses, and friends and explaining that what they are buying is a key to the understanding of the past ; it is not a box of flakes or broken sea sheiis. i .beiieve that ne can do it, We, as members of the Society for California Archaeology, have the means and the obligation to reach out to our cdmmunit_ies and sell our discipline. We also have an obligation to reach the very Native Americans whose ancestral remains we so frequently study.

Our cause is not yet lost, but it is being seriously impaired by legislation and federal and state budget cutbacks. A positive image will not save us as a dis­cipline, but it will enhance our chances of survival against competing disci­plines. SCA has moved positively in this direction this year and will hopefully continue to do so, We all need each others' help, and, as anthropologists pursuing arc h aeo logy we should all at­tempt to reconcile our differences and act in unity against a common foe, those trying to raid our nation of its precious cultural heritag_e.

Russell Kaldenberg President --- ----s- --

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DELETE EXPULSION OF SOCIETY MEMBERS

At the last annual meeting, the pro­posal was made to modify the SCA bylaws to remove the expulsion clause for mem­bers in violation of the society's eth­ics. Th is proposal was submitted to the society with ten signatures arid must, therefore, be put to a vote of the mem­bership. Pro and con pos itions have been drafted and are presented here for your review. A ballot is enclosed with the newsletter. Society members in good standing are asked to return the enclosed ballot.

PRO

It is here with proposed that a mail ballot be made of the Society's member­ship to amend the bylaws by deleting Section 3 of Article IV; This section reads, "Members whose acts are contrary may be expelled or ex­cluded from -membership by the Executive Committee. 11

This proposed deletion would make membership and par ticipation open to all; it would eliminate interpersonal contro­versies and legal suits; it would elimi­nate budgetary priorities for attorneys and support the other good objectives and positive programs of the society .

At the same time, this action would leave intact the society's current code of ethics as Article XIV of the bylaws. The code of ethics would be maintained as an educational document and a positive statement of standards.

As background, in recent years the membersh ip and the wider archaeological community has come to recognize that the society is ' -ill-suited to address the per­sona I actions and judgements of profes­sional archaeologists. The membership at the society's annual meeting in April 1980 even voted to discontinue the direc­tory program which provided recognition and promotion of qualified individuals who. .were professional, consulting arch.aeologists.

Where it is suited (and in some pro­grams it has been suited and able) the society should continue "to promote and maintain standards and goals for archae­ology in California," as stated in Arti­de 11 ( Objectives) of the society's by­laws. However unlike defining and pro­moting standards and goa Is for archaeo­logical programs, in recent years, the socie ty has become embroiled in conflicts of a more particular and personal nature. In some of these situations, the society was being requested to judge individuals' actions or their professional judgements . Such r equests of the society have come to be defined, not as positive efforts to promote and maintain standards for arch-

aeologica! programs, but as requests fo r judgement to exoel individuals from mem"=" b e rship. The society is ill-suited for this task, and its other good programs and support have suffered accordingly.

The membership and exe cutive commit­tee of the society can develop positive programs to promote and maintain stand­ards and goals, but the society should not allow itself to become entrapped, demoralized, and fragmented by maintain­ing Article IV Section 3 of its bylaws .

The society by mail ballot, as pro­vided for under' Article XI I (Amendments) should vote to delete Article IV Section 3 from the bylaws.

Paul Chace

CON

After years of concerned discussion , the membership of sc..1. was given the op­portunity to vote for the incorooration of a code of ethic guidelines for ·archae­ologists. Less than two years ago, this code was overwhelmingly ratified . Now we are presented with a measure to repea ( that vote by deleting Article IV Section 3 of the bylaws. We oppose the proposed measure because it is an e xtreme which rules out the exploration of possible al­ternatives. We acknowledge that past ef­forts to process grievances in cases of alleged ethics violations have resulted in conflict and division among the mem­bership of SCA and have ·created the po-. tential for costly legal entanglements between SCA and expelled or censured mem­bers. These are real problems, but they stem from our grievance procedures, not from our code of ethicar guidelines per se. Alternative grievance procedures should be rigorously explored before the extreme action is taken to eliminate the authority to enforce the code of ethical g11irl~linoc:: _

SCA members should be aware that a procedural committee on SCA ethics is developing a set of recommendations which addresses previous problems. Confidenti­ality of grievance proceedings, represen-

- tation _ of_ the accused on an investigating committee, an appeals process, guidelines for appropriate use of censure and expul­sion, legal protection for SCA and its members are among the issues being con­sidered. A strict separation of an eth­ics committee which decides genera I standards of behavior and a grievance committee which considers specific cases may be proposed. We suggest that a deci­sion to delete Article IV Section 3 of the SCA bylaws would be prematur.e before the recommendations of the procedural committee are presented to the membership .

Some proponents of the deletion mea­sure feel that SCA is not the organiza­tion to take up the problem of profes­siona I standards since it is not strictly

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a professional organization. Yet ethical behavior is not solely the concern of the professional community. It is also im­portant to avocationalists, students, and educators. $<;;A in!;ll,!g~s this .broad spec­trum of archaeologists ~nd so . shoulcf li:s code of ethical behavior. All of the membership should be willing to state to the public at large, to the courts, and to the ethnic groups with which it works that those ·who do not follow the code are not really members of the society. We should be working now to develop mechan­isms for effectively establishing and supporting standards for the conduct of

professional archaeology in California. A vote to eliminate enforcement of our code of ethical guidelines is a vote against this necessary effort.

Po·lly McW. Bickel Corrine Coles George Coles Maryanne Fazio Randy Mil Ii ken Rick Wessel

~------BALLOT

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For your convenience, a ballot is included with this

newslet~er to v9te on the above issue Society members in

good standing are asked to return the ballot by October 19,

1981 The ballots are to be mailed to the SCA business

office:

Gale Carpenter SCA Business Office c/o Department of Anthropology California State University Fullerton, California 92634

-- ------SWS TO CHP ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY

The statewide survey of the State De­partment of Parks and Recreation was ini­tiated in 1975 under the supervision of Francis A. Riddell, then supervisor of the Cultural Resource Division, The sec­tion has gone thr:ough a variety of changes in the past six years and is now split into the Cultural Heritage Planning Unit and the Cultural Resource Section Management Unit of the Resource Protec­tion Division, State Parks and Recrea­tion. The unit is now under the super­vision of Dr. Paul Nesbitt. John Kelly is currently the senior archae9logist, and H. John McAleer is the senior re­search historian.

The purpose of the statewide survey was to conduct spot s urveys for individ­ual departmeht projects and full- scale inventories for general planning pur­poses. Over the years, individual devel­opment surve ys have bee n minimized, and

-the production of general plan inventor-ies has been stressed.

The following is a list of recently completed, ongoing, and new inventory projects. The next column will begin a history of archaeological survey in the state park system, 1975 to the present. It will include a listing of DPR cultural heritage file and library holdings, with annotations for each survey discussed.

In the 1980-81 fiscal year (July 1 through June 30) inventories were at­tempted at the fol/owing state park system units:

Annadel State Park - Sonoma County

Some limited research has been ongo­ing for more than three years. The proj-:­ect was recently assigned to archaeolo­gist E; B reek Parkman and historian Pamela McGuire. The y conducted a limited field survey and litera.ture search and produced a pre liminary inventory before

I I

I I l I

I

the project went off line on July 1981

Antelope Valley Indian Museum

A recent acquisition in Los Angeles County the museum is currently being studied by a DPR task force to establish departmental policy. Histo~ian H _ _ John McA leer is tracking the proJect with as­sistance from Dr. Paul Nesbitt and John Kelly. At this time, no inventory has been written.

Carnegie State Vehicular Recreation

Area Alameda and San Joaquin

Counties

- Thi°s off-highway vehicie par'kfs-cur---­rently in the general planning process. The inventory of cultur al resources, un-der the direction of John Kelly is com_-p lete in manuscript. H John McAleer 1_s the current project manager. The unit contains extensive historic resources as­sociated with brick and terra cotta manu­facturing. Only one Native American site was identified (temporary #C.P 1) It is located in the Alameda County portion of the unit.

Crystal Cove State Park Orange County

Formerly called Irvine Coast, this park includes the last undeveloped coastal strip b etween Corona del Mar an? Laguna. The inland portion of the un it is principally the watershed of Moro Can­yon. The inventory of cultural re­sources, under the direction of John Kelly is complete in manuscript. Two historic sites were noted, the Crystal Cove Historic District and a historic dump just to the west of the historic district (ORA:685) An in-depth evalua­tion of the vernacular structures at Crystal Cove is currently being. conducted by a DPR task force. Twenty-one known Native American sites were rerecorded (ORA: 1 destroyed by the Crystal Cove construction; ORA:·130, 147 246, 280, 281 323-333, 660, 661 [unable to relo­cate] 708, and 709) Thirteen new Na­tive American sites were recorded; the records are presently at the regiona I office - 'lit" UCLA (ICSl; CCT3, 6, 7 8 10, 11 13, 14, 16, SO, 51 and 52) S ite types include isolated and grouped mor­tars, rock shelters, temporary or sea­sonal camps with open air ,middens, an_d large villages. The historians on this project are George Stammerjohan and H · John McAleer.

Cuyamaca Rancho State Park San Diego County

Thi s 25,000-acre park, located in northeastern San Diego County is the subject of an on going inventory process which may take several years to complete. The park is about 15 to 20 per~en_t sur­veyed, with Dan Foster functioning ~s principal investigator unde r _the supervi­sion of John Kelly. In this case, the

purpose of the inventory is to facilitate a proposed prescription burn program . The resultant data will also be used in the preparation of a general plan at some future date . More than 30 new Native American sites and about 20 n ew h-i storic sites and features have been recorded so far in the limited sample. The new Na­tive American sites range from small bed­rock slick and mortar panels, to s ma ll temporary camps, to a village ·iden t ified by E. Breck Parkman that is more than 800 by 300 meters in extent. Dr. D. '-· True recorded more than 150 sites in the park from 1961 to the present. It is expected that more than 100 more Native American sites will be identified during the re­mainder of the survey. Historic re­sour:ces ar:e var-ied and--r-ange-- -from- his­toric r oads and waterholes to the large mining complex at Stonewall Mine. The 20 new historic sites consist primarily of enclosed springs and historic roads. We are eager to share data on this large project and have already been in contact with several San Diego area archaeolo­gists and historians, with positive re­sults. John Kelly is cu rrentl y the prin­cipal investigator and H John McAleer the research historian for the Rancho Cu yamaca p reject.

El Pueblo de Los Angeles Los Angeles County

The depa rtment has compiled a large body of historic data on El Pueblo over the past five years. There is a general plan in effect, and a multiyear planning task force is currently reviewing the plan for possible amendments. Dr Paul Nesbitt is the principal investigator.

Hungry Valley State Vehicular Recreation Area Los Angeles and Ventura Counties

This 14,000-acre unit was inventoried under the supervision of Dan Bell (cur­rentlv with the Office of Historic Pres­ervation) and there is a complete inven­tory manuscript on file. The survey re­sulted in the identification of 83 Native American sites and 49 historic sites and features.

Native American site types recorded fnclude 9 temporary camps (LAN:904, 911 915, 924, and 926; VEN:579, 582, 583, and 586) 20 lithic scatters (LAN : 903, 906, 907 908, 916, 923 , 929, 932, 939 945; VEN:573, 587 588, 590, 591 592, 598; temporary #108A, P129A, and P1338) 43 earth ovens (LAN:905, 909 910, 912-914, 917-922, 928, 930, 931 933-938, 940-944 , 946; VEN:567A and 8 568-572, 574-578, 584, 585, 589 , and 593) 3 distinct mifl­in g stations (LAN:925, 927; VEN:580) 1 cache site (VEN 581) and 7 isolated. finds consisting of 1 core, 3 flakes, and 3 choppers (LAN:478; VEN : 4SA, 458 538 SSA, 558 and 768) Historic resources recorded include 6 ranch / farm sites, 14 dumps, 2 windmills, 2 corrals, and 21 miscellaneous areas containing one or more pieces of junk.

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John Marsh Home Contra County

A small ( 12 acre} property containing the poorly preserved remains of the stone house built in the early 1850s _by _Dr. John Marsh The grounds also contain at least one Native American site and possi­bly the remains of Dr. Marsh's adobe. H. John McAleer and John Kelly have been working part time on this project for three years The house is to be stabil­ized with funds identified in a legisla­tive mandate. Mr. Michael Sampson of the Cultural Resource Management Unit of the DPR has been assigned mitigation respons­ibility associated with the restoration.

La-kes fear-I and -Talawa. : .Del Nor.!e Coun_ty

A preliminary survey of this newly acquired property was carried out_ f_or :he purpose of developing a class1f1cat1on inventory. Mr. Joe Hood, state archae­ologist, conducted the survey with the help of historian Pamela McGuire. Five known Talawa villages were rerecorded (DNO: 19, 21 22, 39, and 53} and two new shellfish processing areas were recorded (temporary #LET: 1 and 2) LET 2 is more than four kilo mete.rs fon g. Seven his-toric sites were recorded, including six ranch complexes and one plywood mill. Although there is a published report, there is yet much research needed to com­plete the inventory.

Monterey State Historic Park Monterey County

Mr. Robert Reese, the regional his­torian assigned to Monterey · recently completed an inventory at Monterey. A general plan is being developed. Mr. Reese can be contacted at the region 11 office of DPR in Monterey.

Pio Pico State Historic Park Los Angeies County

This unit consists of the house and grounds which comprised the estate of P~o Pico, the last Mexican governor of Cali­fornia. The only known cultural resource on the grounds is the mansion itself. Historic research was done by George Stammerjohan, with archaeological backup by John Kelly. Manuscript on file.

Rancho Olompali Marin County

After more than three years of plan­ning and acquisition negotiation, . in which Nicholas DeliCioppo (currently with the Office of Historic Preservation) and John Kelly participated, an inventory has been recently completed. Rancho Olompali is just north of the city of Novato. It contail"\S an extremely complex array of Native American resources and an equally complex village of MRN: 193 and recorded four sites and two isolated finds (MRN :507-510) MRN : 507 and 510 are flake

· scatters and MRN: 508 and 509 are cupule boulders.

Historic resources include the re­mains of two adobes dating from 1830-llO and the Burdell Ranch a historic ranch complex begun in the 1860s and added to well into the 1930s.

Ms. Pamela McGuire has conducted ex­tensive historic research and Mr. Parkman extensive archaeological research. There is both a published Inventory of .Features and a monumental manuscript on this project.

Red Rock Canyon State Park Kern County

This desert park has been recently inventoried for the development of a gen­era I plan. George Stammerjohan was able ta Garr-y o-1.1t a comp.r.eh.er:,.s.iye.Jii.s.to.r:.ic . .c.e.::...... search program identifying physical and literary resources . There is only a cur­sory overview of Native American re­sources in the park. Due to time con­straints, John Kelly was unable to com­plete the survey for Native American sites. The State Park and Recreation Commission has not yet approved the gen­eral plan for Red Rock Canyon. Hope­fully, the time will be available to com­plete the inventory in this fiscal year. Manuscripts on file.

Units of the state park system sched­uled for inventories -in fiscal year 1981-82 include:

Dry Lagoon State Park in Humboldt County John Kelly (archa_eologist} George Stammerjohan (historian)

Ocotillo Wells State Vehicular Recreation Area in San Diego and Imperial counties John Kelly (archaeologist} H. John Mc A leer (historian)

Sinkyone Wild-erness State Park in Mendo-cino County John Kelly (archaeologist) H John McAleer (historian)

Inventory procedures will begin on the following unclassified state system properties in this fiscal year :

Baldwin Hills a proposed off-highway vehicle unit in Los Angeles County John Kelly (archaeologist) H. John· McAleer ( historian}

El Matador, El Pescador and La Piedra three small state beaches on the Malibu coast in Los Angeles County John Kelly (archaeologist} H John McAleer (historian)

Lake Matthews a new acquisition in Riverside County John Kelly (archaeolo­gist} H. John McAleer (historian)

San Diego Off-Highway Vehicle Park_ San Diego County location to be determined John Kelly ( archaeologist) H John McAleer (historian}

San Joaquin Agricultural Museum a building of the old Fresno City College

in Fresno County (historian)

Pamela McGuire

Internal scheduling could cause changes in the timing of projects. Re-spon·sibiHties may change base·d· on o-ar ability to bring new personnel on line. Please contact me if you are interested in sharing data or obtaining copies of our internal file documents.

John L. Kelly State Archaeologist

A REPORT FROM THE DESERT

The BuFeau-of Land -Management,-Eali- -­fornia Desert District, has just pub­lished A Cultural Resources Overview of the Colorado Desert Planning Units by Elizabeth von Till Warren, Robert H Crabtree, Claude N Warren, Martha Knack, and Richard McCarty. A. limited number are available by writing to me, care of the Bureau of Land Management, 1695 Spruce Street, Riverside, California. In this publication, the a·uthors discuss the prehistoric, historic, and ethnographic sequences of the Colorado desert region of the California desert. The volume is approximately 160 pages in length and contains numerous useful charts, graphs, and maps, as well as line drawings of petroglyphs from Corn Springs courtesy of Clara Stapp and Gerrit Fenenga. This volume is a welcome addition to the ex­panding library of archaeological texts on the California desert.

Emma Lou Davis' long-awaited article "Man-made Flakes with a Dated Mammoth Tooth at China Lake, California" has just been published in volume 19 ( 1981). of the Anthropological Journal of Canada. Da­vis, writing with George Jefferson and Curtis McKinney details the excavation technique of their China Lake project and explains how two small pieces of debitage were removed from the encased enamel of a mammoth tooth. By uranium series dating, a date of 42,350 B.P (+3300) was gleaned from the mammoth tooth enamel (Sample No. 79E2) By association with the mammoth tooth, Davis projects that the obsidian flake and chert. flake en,·ased in the mam­moth tooth are also approximately 42, 000 years old. This phenomenal date would push back the entry of Homo sapiens into the New World by a quantum leap. ·

Cornerstone Research has co·mpleted their report on the Live Fire Manuever Range: Assembly and Defense Areas, Fort Irwin, San Bernardino County for the U.S Army and lnteragency Archeological Serv­ices. The principal authors, M. Jay Hat­ley William Eckhardt, and Emma Lou Da­vis, described several sites which they located, including SB CM-3368, which was .initially reported by Mohr in 1946 as a campsite and rock shelter. This site was not relocated by the survey team, as it must have been obliterated by tank exer­cises. SBr-4250, a flake scatter and

several metate fragments, which had been disrupted by· tanks, were located, as was SBr-4250, a site encompassing over four million square meters in the southeast corner of No Name Playa. Site material here included fiaked stone cfeor°is-;- sfone tools, cores , hammerstones, rock ring features, and bi faces. This site is one of the larger known sites from the Cali­fornia desert and, as such, merits spe-cial attention by the U.S. Army in manag-ing its future. Site SBr-4240 was noted as a lithic scatter which was produced as the result of hard-hammer perc~1ssion. SB r-4241 4242, and 4249 were noted as temporary campsites associated with lithic production and food processing. Sites SBr-4242 and 4249 were excavated with a s.ingle .tes.t.. B.o.th .un.it.S-pr:odueed---subsurface artifacts. Presently the U.S. Army through IAS (San Francisco) has an RFP out requesting proposals to conduct nearly 700 kilometers of survey and numerous mitigation of impact tasks in the general Drinkwater and No Name Playa areas of Fort Irwin. Anvone want­ing further information can co;,tact Gar­land Gordon at . IAS in San Francisco. Cornerstone Research has also conducted another inventory at Ft. Irwin on a por­tion of the Live Fire Manuever Range re­covering four sites and testing site SB r-4 l70a, where concentrations of manos metates., flaked stone tools, and Colorad~ River Buff Ware pottery were recovered.

Gary Stickle completed a 100 percent surface collection of artifactual data from the northern sector of the Jvanpah Dry Lake Molycorp facility. During his thorough study Gary collected 132 pieces of ~ebitage, 7 cores, 14 core fragments, l b1face, 3 projectile points, 12 manos, 44 metate pieces, and l piece of serpen­tine pipe. Stickel feels that the raw materials were imported into the Ivanpah area as bifaces or projectile points and reworked. The collected material inrl11rl.oc: nhc:irfi::.n, dacite, rhyc!:te, a~d chert. The obsidian projectile point was identified as a Desert Side Notched point. The obsidian has yet to be sourced; however Tom Jackson of Santa Cruz is presently sourcing obsidian from the east Mojave Desert resulting from collectin.g forrays made by myself and Ruth Musser Hopefully Jackson will have .90me of the sources pinpointed and matched with specimens from individual sites in the near future. Stickel fur­ther states that the pattern of rock re­duction at I vanpah indicates that both left- and right-handed flintknappers were present and that the bipolar technique, as exhibited by Chris Hardaker was used for most of the dacite reduction. The lithic analysis produced no use wear pat­terns on any of the flake artifacts. The collection is cura.ted at the San Bernar­dino County Museum.

Jay van Werlhof recently completed An Archaeological Overview of San Sebastian Village, Im perial County , California (4-I m 1141) as a research project. Jay sum­marized that the archaeology of San Se-1-1·- . -·

bastian is post 1550-A. D and is repre­sentative of the Yum an 111 or Late Pre­historic phase of the Colorado desert. His field inventory indicated that re­sources present at the widely known vil­la§e si-te in<:=lueed domes-t-ic, huntin-g, and manufacturing foods Surface data is scewed a s the result of the area being a place for collectors for decades. Jay did find cutting and scraping tools, grinding slabs, projectile points, blades, bone tools, ceramic pots, trays, dishes, etc. both from the site and from the collections of locals. Two hundred and forty-two loci were recorded in the two sections of land, including 100 lithic scatters, 1 500 pottery pieces, and two cremations.

Dee Simpson (San Bernardino County Museum) finished the Yermo Dump Site Mitigation Report. Dee feels that the Yermo alluvial fan is the richest archae­ological area in the Lake Manix Basin. The Lake Manix lithic industry consists of numerous scrapers, cutting tools, choppers, and workshop/chipping station materials. Diagnostic artifacts in this assemblage are the ovate bifaces and flat anvil cores. At the Yermo Dump site, Simpson collected 8 anvils, 100 hammer­stones, 164 cores (plane anvil) 1,588 block cores and fragments, 28 microcores, and 14, 118 pieces of common debitage. Simpson feels that technical flakes are the most important source of new archaeo­logical data derived from the Yermo Dump project.

Mark Q Sutton (Barstow SLM) r ecent ly conducted a small test excavation at Den­ning Spring Cave in the Avawatz Mountains with the help of a number of volunteers. Radiocarbon dates from the cave were (UGa 3927) 265+115 B.P and .(UGa 3928) 470+155 B ,P S~tton feels that the site is a lithic workshop and campsite which was situated near a steady supply of water in the arid mo:...:nt.c::ns east of Fc:-t !r\·::r.. Artifacts located duriog his excavation include numerous Paiute ceramics, Desert Side Notched and Cotton wood points, one talc schist pendant, and two incised slate articles. Most material was made from locally present ar~ilite. Sutton's report will be out in a few months, along with a plan to manage the Denning Spring area for its archaeological and historic resources. Denning Spring is also the location of the most northerly intaglio in the California desert. Butch and Gin­ger Hancock (ART Maps) have just com­pleted a 1"=501 map of the entire site area, which includes the 200-meter long intaglio, the historic camp of Frank Den­ning ( 1914) about a dozen rock rings, an aboriginal trail and the rock shelter,

Charles S. Bull (RECON) completed an analysis of the Glamis/Dunes area in Im­perial Valley in An Archaeological Sample of the Glamis/Dunes Area, Imperia l Val­ley, California. Bull found that the area has over 200 recorded archaeologica I

sites, most of them being rock rings ceramic and lithic scatters, and historic military sites as the result of Patton's World War 11 maneuvers throughout the area.

Rob.ert Reynolds recently c_QJJlpLet.Etii _a study of the Victory Polo Crown Open Pit Mines in the Goldstone mining district, San Bernardino County (San Bernardino County Museum) The GatorMiningCompany plans to open pit mine two claims, the Victory (SBr-4530) and the Gold Crown #3 (Sbr-4531) and will haul the ore to a mill site near Blue quartz. Reynolds found that a few prehistoric artifacts were present, but most of the material dated to the 1930s to 1940s. The Victor mine contains historic debris, the base of a green depression glass bowl, con­cferise·a nifll< "cans~ sarcfine cans' p ickle· jars, a Kerr canning jar and a piece of purple glass. This debris is consistent with mine production recorded in 1938 and 1939. The Gold Crown #3 cont a ins a trash pile containing some debris from the mid­dle 1920s. Bottle fragments, a lightning stopper. a food jar a gias s seai, a metal tin, a Heinz 57 screw cap, bottles, meat cans, etc, The Blue Quartz site contains a stucco house with chicken wire and stucco backing paper a cabin built with recycled railroad ties covered with sheet tin, and a large amount of assorted materials dating through the 1970s Rey­nolds feels that the significance of these claims is that they ail contain historic and subhistoric resources con­sistent with known temporal and physical land use. No one item of debris or sal­vage piles was identified as having par­ticular significance, although as a unit they can add information on cultural pat­terns from the 1-92Ds to the present.

Robert Ellis (UNL V) recently com­pleted an inventory in the Tecopa area of Inyo County. He recorded historic mining sites, an associated railroad site, a rock configuration, a rock circle, sev­eral ( 14) prehistor.ic lithic reduction sites (percussion flaking stations) and a smal I rock shelter.

Morlin Childers (Geoscience) recently completed an inventory of George Air Base ne.a r _ Victorville, California. Childers located several prehistoric sites con­sisting of cores, flakes, some worked stone tools, and thermally frac tured rocks. Childers concluded that the sites suggest a river-oriented culture with hunting, gathering, and quarrying activi­ties taking place. He also feels that some sites may be covered by siltation of the Mojave River and are therefore not visible to archaeologists. Childers pre­sented several photographs of "crusher­f acts," indicating that he considered rocks irregularly broken from road gravel to be significantly different than some of the· more amorphous "Early Man" arti­facts found by numerous researchers in the Mojave Desert.

SOCIETY FOR CALIFORNIA ARCHAEOLOGY

BALLOT

Shall the society's bylaws be amended by deletion of Article IV, -Se.c-tion_ .3., _which _r _ead.s., ~embe.rs • . __ who_s_e __ ac_ts ar_e __ c_Qn_t _r_:_a_ry..c:__.__. ____ _ may be expelled or excluded from membership by. the Executive Corrunittee?"

Yes, delete this section ~

No, retain this section ~

Please return this ballot to the SCA business office by October 19, 1981:

Gale Carpenter SCA Business Office c/o Department of Anthropology California State University Fullerton, California 92634

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John Cook and Scott Fulmer ( Archaeo­logical Systems Management) of San Diego recently completed a report of The Arch ­aeology and History of the McCain Va lley Study Area, Eastern San Diego County , Califor:r:iia for the Bur-eau of Land--1'vlaAage-:­ment. The authors report that 254 pre­historic sites were discovered during the 7 500-acre survey. The most frequently discovered ty;pe was the roasting pit ( 112 sites) followed by isolated finds (41) temporary camps (36) sherd/iithic scat­ters (21), milling stations ( 19) rock shelters/alignments (8) and pictograph / cupule sites (3) All of the sites date from the ceramic phase of the Late ?re­historic. Two-thirds of the total sites had artifacts or features related to veg­etal food extraction. Most of these sites were located -ne-ar w'ater - ancf near . -­sources of agave and / or oak. One hundred and forty-one historic sites were lo­cated; of these, 59 were related to min­ing activities, 41 to ranching, 24 to recreation and r etirement, and 17 to transportation systems. An abridged version of this report, entitled The·

, Archaeology of the McCain Valley St~ ·Area in Eastern San Diego County, Cali­fornia: A Scientific Class 11 Cultural Resource Inventory, is avai lable at my office in Riverside.

Cook also recently completed. another desert project, this one for a geothermal project in the Ford Dry Lake vicin ity of eastern Riverside County. Cook found that most sites occurred on the north side of the lake, and that these sites appear to be temporary campsites with Tizon Brow,:i Ware sherds, chopping tools, hammers, and flakes. The lake bed also contains numerous isolated artifacts which have been transported by wind and water. The apparent paucity of sites was surprising considering the arid nature of eastern Riverside County.

Cornerstone Research ( Jay Hatley and Fran Buck) recently completed an inven­tory of the Helendale area along the Mo­jave River and found a number of rock ring sites and geoglyphs or rock align­ments, which seem to have no appare11t function. The rock ring and geoglyph sites may be similar to what Bowen de-

- scribed for the Seri from the coast of Mexico and may relate to the prayer cir­cles or trance offerings to the nether­world. Hatley's report is extremely descriptive and will go a long way in adequately describing the alignment­oriented resources of the desert. Also near the features were several flake scatters from local sources and some historic dump material dating from the 1930s. The report is concise and to the point and would make a welcome addition to any researcher's library.

Mike Mcintyre and Roberta Greenwood (Greenwood and Associates) recently com­pleted Cultural Resources Management Plan for Edwards Air Force Base. This is an excellent overview of the history of pre-

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historic and historic archaeology on the base. It describes the known sequences and the history of the work, including the fact that prior to 19:30 104 sites and 20 isolates were known; after the Greenwood work, 157 sites aAd -1-52 iso~ !ates were known. During an aerial fly­over 178 historic resoures were re­corded. Greenwood summarizes that a more intense program is needed to compare the rest of Antelope Valley and the base to the Great Basin; with only 3.8 percent of the base s urveyed, more surveying is needed. Interestingly impacts to cul­tural resources resulted from spectators trying to see the landing of the space shuttle. Impacts occurred as the result of off-road vehicles and artifact collectin~

Robert Reynolds (San Bernardino County Museum) conducted another historic site survey in the Summit Diggings area of northwest San Bernardino County for a projected strip mining operation for gold recovery. A number of -historic resources were located. These included SB r -4535, which was the S ummit Diggings camp. Cul­tural remains include six tent house pads, a cellar wall, scattered domest ic debris, and interspersed prehistoric ar­tifacts. At SBr-4536, Reynolds recorded a number of pits and unshared tunnels. O.ne of the tunnels had been used for hab­itation. A grizzley and other equipment dating prior to 1950 were also located. Upon returning to the site for further recordation and mitigation, Reynolds noted that the grizzley had been stolen. Also noted were two structures dating prior to 1911 The John Searles Borax Road, used by mule teams in 1876, and the old Randsburg-Trona Road are also within the project boundary. Several flake scatters and scatters of metates were also noted, but all had been or will be damaged by the open pit mine.

Robert Bettinger has completed an excavation report for the· Inyo National Forest entitled T he Archaeology of the Lee V ining Site. The report is an excel­lent summary of Bettin ger's work at Mno-446. The site was used as a base camp for plant and animal procurement and trans-Sierran trade. Stone tool manufac­ture was a major activity as is sug­gested by the over 15,000 pieces of debi­tage (obsidian) Bettinger felt that the site was capable of contai'ning at least 100 individuals but probably contained only between 4 and 10 nuclear families ·with 20 to 50 individuals. The report is available from Richard Weaver U.S.F.S Bishop, California.

For those of you keeping track of radiocarbon dates from the desert, two C-14 dates have been returned for 13 lack­water Well These are UCR-1351 from the 40 to SO centimeter level dated at 1560+ 70 B .P and UCR (l[ (none assigned fro~ the 30 to 40 centimeter level) which is dated !3t 2520+200 B.P t,. date recently returned from the University of Georgia (UGa-4018) from the 20 to 30 centimeter

level is 1485+200 B .P which is consis­tent with the UCR dates. Since most of the points are Gypsum and Rose Springs, this time parameter seems appropriate. The Blackwater Well report is being finalized by Nelson Leonard and myself.

Connie Cameron has just received a radiocarbon date on a burial at Fort Soda which places it within the historic pe­riod. California State University at Fullerton is continuing their plans for surveys and excavations at Fort Soda. Anne Duffield is planning to excavate an assumed burial thought to be Dr. Shaw who was killed and buried at Fort Soda in 1867

Gerrit Fenenga (Heritage Research As­sociates) has !~1:ent!.x___fQ!!!Q~a_ cock artmven16r-y and map at Corn Springs in eastern Riverside County. The map, made at a scale of 1"= 17' will be used for monitoring impacts to the petroglyphs as the result of the proximal campground. Fenenga also photographed all of the petroglyph galleries for baseline data. Copies of the map and the photographs are available at the SLM Indio Resource Area Office, care of Judyth E Reed.

Mr. C. William Clewlow and Sandra Uchitel are recording the petroglyphs at Steam Well in the Red Mountain area for a National Register nomination.

Pat Welch has returned to the Cali­fornia archaeological scene as the new area archaeologist at BLM's El Centro Resource Area, We welcome Pat back to California after four long years in Bat­tle Mountain, Nevada. Alex Kirkish has left El Centro and has taken a position with CSRJ in San Diego. It is also worth noting that the San Bernardino County Museum Association now c harges curatorial fees for items recovered as the result of commercial archaeology. Fees are $50 per cubic foot, for perpetuity. Contact Michael K Lerch for detailed informaticr. on boxing, notes, catalog sheets, etc.

If anyone has any information regard­ing to the California desert that they would like included in the n ext newslet­ter please drop me a note at 1695 Spruce Street, Rive r side, California 92507.

Russell Kaldenberg Desert Editor

HISTORICAL ARCHAEOLOGY

CALIFORNIA

FORT ROSS

The California Department of Parks and Recreation has been conducting a broad-scale excavation in the former Rus­sian settlement of Fort Ross on the So­noma coast in northern California. The project is being directed by state arch-

14

aeologist Glenn Farris Work commenced in mid-March and is expected to be com­pleted by the end of August 1981 The object of the work is to locate the foun­dations ·of ari old fur warehouse con­structed circa 1812-181!:(. lt J.s.--1r:itended. tniit flits -i:iuiTd(ng- b;; ~ebuilt as part of the ongoing reconstruction of the fort. An area 19 meters long by 12 meters wide is being excavated. The current work follows earlier fieldwork undertaken in the area by Cabrillo College of Santa Cruz.

The cultural deposit is disappoint­ingly thin, averaging between 10 and 15 centimeters in depth. Extensive gopher activity in the area has obscured verti­cal stratigraphy. The artifactual mate-

-·r-ial - i·s ·overwhe·Jlnin glyof late 19th/early 20th century derivation, although some small fragments of creamware and pearl­ware, as well as some Chinese porcelain, may date to the Russian · era. Lacking good vertical stratigraphy greater at­tention has been given the horizontal d!stribution cf artifacts. The most in­teresting of these are the glass trade beads of all colors (overwhelmingly the small "seed" beads) So far, between 250 and 300 have been located in the site area, a figure ·made more impressive by the fact that only 239 were found in all other excavat ions at Fort Ross combined. It appears that the beads slipped through the floorboards of the storage room in which they were housed; their spatial distribuion may well define_ not only the limits of the Russian era building but the positioning of the two rooms which supposedly occupied the ground floor. The building appears to have had an open gallery running along the front and may therefore, be s imilar to warehouses re­corded in Sitka and Kodiak, Alaska.

JOHN MARSH HOUSE

The John Marsh House (near Brentwood, Cailfornia) a two-story stone structure built in 1856, is the. ·'subjec t of archaeo­logical and historical research. _ _.under the direction of Michael Sampso,:, ( arch aeolo­gist) and John McAleer ( historian) of the California Department of Parks and Recre­ation. The present investigations in-

- volve- the-following phases: ( 1) documen­tary research on John Marsh ( a prominent Early American settler in California) relationships with res ident Native Ameri­can populations, and subsequent usages of the property; (2) an oral history program which emphasizes interv iews with several older lifelong residents of the local area; and (3) archaeological testing un­der the house and on nearby parcels in hopes of locating Marsh's original adobe home. Architectural details of the house, as it now stands, are being re­corded prior to restoration. A report on this work will be completed by December i981

•

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MISSION SAN ANTONIO DE PADUA

California Polytechnic State Univer­sity San Luis Obispo, under the direc­tion of Dr. Robert L. Hoover completed its sixth year of e xcavation at /vlis"S-ion San Antonio de Padua ( 1771-1834) in Mon­terey County California During the 1976-78 seasons, excavations in the mar­ried neophytes' quarters revealed archi­tectural information of use in recon­struction defined the living space of the neophyte family, and examined the processes of culture change in Spanish colonial California.

Excavations in the soldiers' barracks at San Antonio in 1979-81 revealed two

-super-imposed .lev.els of cor.ist.r-ue-tior.ir .or.,e _ from 1776 and another from 1802. The earlier component contained many sherds of colonial Mexican majolica, lead-glazed wares, some Chinese porcelains, and even some Mexican Indian pottery. This assem­blage represents a strong Spanish trading network The native Mexican wares pro:­vide clues as to the origins of the wives of the early soldiers. The 1803 assem­blage consists primarily of English transfer prints and locally made Mission Ware, indicating an increase in Anglo maritime trading activities in the early 19th century in California and the subse­quent establishment of a local pottery industry at the mission where none ex­isted before.

The armory contained an abundance of musket balls, gun flints, and a m.iguelet lock mechanism. The abundance of im­ported military items indicates the greater reliability of maritime trade in California compared to the sporadic over­land supply of the greater Southwest, where the military was often forced to defend themselves with bows and arrows.

A trench, nearly two meters beneath the ground surface and associated with the 1776 component, contained a lineal arrangement of shale slabs sealed with asph a ltum-impregnated clay. The slab feature. covered a water channel lined on either side with I adrillos and floored with more shale slabs. This feature dates to circa 1780 and may be the earliest Spanish aquaduct yet excavated in California. More of the barracks and aquaduct will be exposed next year.

SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA BITS AND PIECES

Roberta S Greenwood, Jay D Frier-man, and Michael J Mcintyre provided services in historical archaeology for the Historic Structures Report on Corne­lius Jensen Ranch Historic Park. This brick residence and its associated win­ery windmill, tank house, milk house, was h house, and barn were built in 1868-1870, and the home still contains origi­nal furniture and possessions of the Jensen family. A National Register

15 -

property, it will be rehabilitated and developed as an interpretive facility by the Riverside County Parks Department.

R S Greenwood and Roger Hatheway have completed historical research an·d fieldwork for the preparation of the Overview of History and Historica l Arch­aeology, San Clemente Island . This re­port is part of a large document consti­tuting a cultural resources ov.erview being prepared for the U.S. Navy by Cham­bers Consultants and Planners. The major periods of the island's historical use, and the sites which illustrate them; have been characterized as exploration to the sea otter trade; the Chinese aba lone in­dustry; settlement, ranching, and smuggl­ing; and mi.1.i.tary utilizatio-n."._ - ····- ·--··

Jc!Y D. Frierman, Greenwood and Asso­ciatesr, and Roger Hatheway have cooper­ated in the preparation of the Cultural Resource Documentation Report, El Pueblo de Los Angeles. The three-volume report provided the background and supporting evidence for the design of a historic preservation overlay zone intended to protect and conserve the archaeological, architectural, and historical values of the birthplace of Los Angeles. The study was prepared for the Cultural lcJeritage Board- and Planning Department, City of Los Angeles .

Phase II excavations at the Ontiveros Adobe in Los Angeles County have been compl e ted by Greenwood and Associates. This renewed investigation reexamined the nature and deposit of the bone feature discovered earlier defined the floor of the structure, and greatly augmented the samples of cattle bone and ceramics Studies currently in progress include the palynology of both the mission ranch and the adjacent victorian estate (Schoenwet­ter); mission-era butcher ing (Gust); technical analysis of Brown Ware, majo­lica, a nd Chinese ceramics (Frierman); XRF and neutron activation of steatite (UCB); and the identification of botani­cal remains (Honeysett) The final re­port wlll be produced in winter 1982

Chapman College professor Nicholas Magalousis continues to proqe at Mission San Juan Capistrano as part of the mis­sion's restoration project .

RICARDO VEJAR ADOBE, WALNUT

Scientific Resource Surveys, Inc. was hired by Foley Constructon Company to ob­serve grading along Carrey Road in April 1981 as part of a housing construction project. John Elliott and Ben Resnick of SRS thus discovered a · 30- foot stretch of siltstone fou.ndation belonging to the Ri­cardo Vejar Adobe (1844-1847) The adobe uncovered is believed to be the first or second bu_ilding ever constructed in Wal­nut and was built by the wealthy Mexican cattleman Ricardo Vejar in about 1844. During several days of painstaking exca-

vat ion, the archaeologists removed more than 8,000 artifacts, including the stones comprising the foundation itself This work has given us important new in­sights into a heretofore little under­stood period of California his!~!.Y:. JD-ea was commonly placed on the roofs of many adobes of this period. Originally the abundance of brea associated with this property was thought to function in the same manner. However the archaeologists discovered that a layer of brea had been placed in the trench' prior to the con­struction of the foundation. This homo­geneous strata was evident throughout the length of the alignment. They believe this phenomenon is possibly unique to California adobes in that the brea was poured into a foundation trench- to both provj.de a -more fircm and level- ·sa·rfac-e- fo·r the . laying of the stones and retain the slope the adobe was built on. The arti­facts recovered from the site have been donated to the city and ca_refully s tored on city property.

NEVADA

CORTEZ MINING DISTRICT

The University of Nevada, Reno, has begun archaeological and historical re­search on the Cortez Mining District in central Nevada under the direction of Donald L Hardesty with the assistance of Eugene Hat tori ( Desert Research I nsti­tute) Sponsored by the Bureau of Land Management, this summer's work is di­rected toward the preparation of a predictive model for the district and toward the mapping and test excavation of O Id Cortez, a 19th century nucleated set­tlement with what appears to be Chinese, Italian, Mexican and Paiute occupations The first mining claims at Cortez were recorded in 1863, and the first steam mill erected in 1864. Perhaps $10 mil­lion was mined from the "Nevada Giant" ledge in silver gold, lead, and copper by 1908, quring which time ;i new Russell Process mill was built in 1886 by the Tenabo Mill and Mines Company. In 1919 the Consolidated Cortez Silver Mines Company took over and constructed a cya­nide process mill during the 1920s, at which time the Cortez Mining District producea the most silver in the state of Nevada. A crash in the silver market brought bankruptcy to the company in 1930. Small-scale mining has continue<;! to the present .

Several research problems have been identified to direct archaeological and historical research in the Cortez Dis­trict. One set of problems l1as to do with the relationship between industrial­ization and appropriate technology on the 19th century mining frontier. The Tenabo Mill and Mines Company under the direc­tion of Simeon Wenban, used a number of highly cost-efficient technological and social innovations, including Chinese hard rock miners and ·a milling process that could take advantage of locally

16-

available limestone, sulfur and salt to survive in the face of low-yielding ore and other mining obstacles. Another set of problems concerns ethnicity and ethn ic relations in the Cortez Mining District. l A general, the €ortez proje-ct" is ·-rn­tended to provide information that wil l be useful in understanding the dynamics of frontiers and boundaries.

The results of this summe-r•s· work have yet to be analyzed and wri-tten. Yet, the preliminary indications are suf­ficiently interesting to justify planning for a second summer in 1982; the 1982 project will be integrated into an arch­aeological field school.

P.aul .J~ _E_._S<*-il.1-maEher----- ---

LOST SPANISH FORT UNCOVERED ON POINT LOMA

A scientific expedition has un.covered a portion of the walls of the 186-year­old Spanish Fort Guijarros, lost for over 40 years . Sponsored by the Fort Guijar­ros Reconstruction Committee, the San Di­ego County Archaeological Society and associated groups have exposed the site in their excavations between June and August.

Project director Ronald V May pres­ident of the SDCAS, has concluded that the architecture exposed thus far is un­questionably the outer wall of the forti­fication in which the famous 1803 Battle of San Diego Bay was fought between the American brig Lelia Bird and Spanish sol­diers. Several cannon shots were ex­changed, but the ship escaped the harbor without serious damage,

Built by the Spanish in 1795-96, it was fully manned with 1 lieutenant, 2 sergeants, 2 corporals, 6 artillerymen , and 20 infantrymen. The fort bristled with bet ween 8 and 10 bronze cannons cap­able of firing nine-pound iron balls with accuracy across S_an Diego Bay and a range of up to one mile.

Viceroy Revilla Gigedo provided Gov­ernor Jose Joaquin Arrillaga with approx­imately 9, 000 pesos to build the fort. Under the advisement of Alberto de Cor­doba, a wooden flatboat was constructed at the foot of the Presidio near Mission Valley and thousands of fired tiles were assembled, along with timbers and cement to be shipped to the selected site at Ballast Point (Guijarros is Spanish for ballast stones) The area was only ac­cessible by this boat until 1801 when a small dirt road was constructed across the estuary at the mouth of San Diego Bay.

A second famous battle at the fort occurred during the Mexican period when the 333-ton Franklin ran the port with its illegal cargo. Shots fired from tile fort damaged the Franklin and injured the

shipow ner John Bradshaw. The F r anklin also escaped the clutches of the Spanish.

The fort was fully occupied from 1795 up until the Mexican governmen t elimi­nated · funding to the coloni·es ih 18JS. It remained idle until 1840, when Corpo­ral Juan Machado purchased the site for 40 pesos and sa Iv aged a II the timber and tiles for resale in Old Town. In 1846, during the Mexican-American War Commo­dore Stockton claimed all of Point Loma as an American military reservation.

This project was conceived by Com­mander John Hinkle, U.S. Navy commanding officer of the submarine · support facility and chair of the Fart G_uijarros Recon­struction Gomm·ittee. F.orrned- in~tia-Jly-t-0 -get a bronze plaqu!!! place.d above the site of the fort, Hinkle's committee expanded their p Jans to raise money and recon­struct the fort for the benefit of all the citizens of California. The commit­tee afso includes Casa de Espana, the San Diego Historical Society Squibob Chapter of§_. Clampus Vitus, San Diego Cannoneers Association, Cabrillo National Monument/ National Park Service, and SDCAS

In order to a chieve the lofty objec­tive of a reconstruction, the committee needed to obtain specifications as to the layout of the fort and its architectural designs. Members of Casa de Espana worked in the military archives in Se­ville searching for documents on the subject; the Spanish consulate has also taken an active interest in the project. Local historian Linda Roth and Dr. Steve Colston director of the History Research Center at San Diego State University are currently researching letters and reports housed in the Bancroft Library.

SD CAS and the U. S Navy sought and received an Antiquities Permit from the Department of the Interior to search for the ruins. On June 6, 1981 the ground was broken at nine test work stations. Supplies an·d equipment were dona ted or loaned· ·by such local busi.ness firms as ACT, APEC, Chace & Associates, Eastgate Insurance, Flower & Roth, Lexigraphics, MSA, RECON, and WESTEC. Professional an-d academic archaeologists volunteered to supervise and train the over 100 vol"­unteers who have worked on the site. Special advisors included Dr. Jerome Schaefer Dr. Brad Bartel, Dr. Paul H .. Ezell, and Dr . James R Moriarty Ill .•

On June 6, the excavation hit paydirt within 20 minutes at work station 3 when the backhoe trenc her began unearth­ing Spanish floor tiles. An area the size of a swimming. pool has been exposed by scientific stripping of layers of col­ored qirt. Arifacts were recovered in screens by the volunteer workforce and washed in laboratory facilities prqvided by the lJ.S. Navy. The architectl,.!l'El of the wall is being exposed, drawn, and photographed.

- - ·-------- ----

An almost perfect cross-section of the outer wall upon which the cannons were mounted and fired was found. Al­though 99 percent of the fort rernains buried by over two meters of landfill, the find is of major archaeolo-gicaJ- and historical significance. The evidence suggests a monumental construction of a very sophisticated nature never before suspected in California.

Erected from the cobble and sand beach over 2 meters high, the wa II was over ·three meters wide at the base. The exterior sloped upward from the outer edge to a narrower two meter wide wa II top or rampart . Inside the wall is a core of two parallel walls surrounded by

- --ear-then fill.- These. ..walls--w.er.:e.-o.v.er:_two_. meters high and skillfully made by lock­ing very large cobbles together and mor­taring them with earth from a she~l-laden I ndiah village. The upper structure, which has been destroyed by the forces of time, is believed to have been adobe wall capped with curved roof tiles. The out­side of the wall was faced with large square-fired clay tiles and plastered. The interior would have supported a wooden flooring or esplanade which sup­ported the cannons.

The fort was in ruins when the U.S. Army occupied the area in the late 1840s. A whaling operation also coexisted there during the Civil War. An entire layer of dirt above the Spanish ruins was found to contain a mix of this early American oc­cup!!tion. The excavators have found a 12-pound Civil War cannonball, an insig­nia with crossed cannons, military but­tons, and many pieces of long-stemmed smoking pipes. A whale vertabrae was also found,

The Fort Guijarros committee has scheduled a fund-raising dinner af ' Argo­naut Hall on the submarine base on Sep­tember i2, 1:,0 1 The goa~ !s to :-a1s£ sufficient money to analyze the collec­tion and publish a booklet on the discov­er,y. The dinner will also fe.ature ebus tours of the site, a no-host bar~·,,F,la­menco dancing, and a gala time for all,'

Ronald V May

PLAZA CHURCH, EL PUEBLO STATE PARK

FUNDING

The SCA is involved in the collectio_n and distribution of funds for the re­search being conducted at the Plaza Chu r ch. Anyone wishing to promot~ the analysis of recovered information and help defray the costs of the project is urged to send their donations to Jane Gothold at the SCA business office, De­partment of Anthropology California State University Fullerton.

PROGRESS REPORT

Subsurface investigations in the parking and plaza area immediately north of the Old Plaza Church have revealed the foundations and floors of the first padre's house built between 1819 and 1822. Also discovered were the ·cobble­stone foundations of an older deeper structure slightly below the padre's house. Both the east and west waif foundations of the 1822 building have been located, including one original waif partition, three stratified interior floors, as wel I as a mortared floor in another room and parts of the western exterior porch. The cobblestone founda­tions of these buildings indicate that the original adobe brick waifs were n.e.a.rly _tbree feet- thick-. - However-,-the-­nature and extent of the deeper older foundations remains undetermined at the present time. But, these remains are certainly among the oldest yet discovered in the city and are considered unique because of their age and association with the first parish church in A!ta, California.

Archaeologica I specimens recovered during the test excavations date from the late 18th century through the mid to late 20th century and include architectural, residential, domestic, and religious materia Is of different types. The fol-lowing are the major classes of artifacts recovered:

Fired clay bricks three types Fired clay floor and roof tiles Roofing tar or asphaltum (also used as

brick mortar) Tar paper and roof shingles Iron nails round and square types Miscellaneous iron objects wire, polts

and a screw Cast iron pipe and metal drain gutter Tin cans Old cement and mortar two d istinct

types Ceramic sewer pipe Interior wall plaster Assorted fragments of wood, paper and

plastic Animal bones and teeth cow, horse(?)

and bird Unmodified marine shells Assorted seeds and fruit Bottle glass fragments

types Window pane fragments Light .bulb fragments

two species pits

at least

four types

Old lamp c himney fragments Buttons glass, shell, and metal Ceramic insulator fragments Flower pot fragments

six

Native American ceramics sever a I t ypes Spanish-Mexican (Majolica) ceramic wares Euro-American ceramics sever a I types Asian "ce ramics Miscellaneous "table wares" (recent

ceramics) A metal spoon and jewelry fragments Doll and figurine fragments Marbles two 19th century type s

18

-- - -- ------- - --

Native American Olivella shell beads A mortar fragment, a metate fragment, and

a mano fragment (Native American food processing tools)

Of sp~cial interest is a small Spa!'l­ish silver coin bearing the date 1783 found on the last day of the excavation and associated with the eastern wa II foundation. As of this date (7 / 15) more than 500 artifacts have been cataloged, and the total is expecteda to be somewhat more substantia I.

The primary importance of these finr!s lies with· their rarity and uniqueness. Architectural and material remains from the 18th and early 19th century are not at all common in the state of California ancl are almost unknOWfl in the Los Angeles area. Very little has survived into the second half of the 20th century; there­fore, the discoveries at the Old Plaza

·church have the potential of yielding significant new information on the growth and development of the City of Los Ange­:es and the _ reiationship of the i:;hurch to the Pueblo community. Archaeologically the site has excellent integrity with good preservation and intact vertical stratigraphy. Additional study of the site and its contents are not only war­ranted, but strongly recommended.

Currently the undisturbed architec­tural remains are restricted to an area roughly 50 by 50 feet, just north of the Church_ and east of the present rectory building. This area will be removed and the resources destroyed if the basemj!nt is cons tructed for the new Parish Center building, as it is now designed. If this impact is to be mitigated, several alter­natives are available.

The site may be preserved and/or de­veloped into an interpretive center or outdoor museum as;·part of the El Pueblo H!storic Pc:rk.

2. Plans for the new Parish Center building can be altered to preserve the remaining resources in one form or another.

3. Additional and more extensive archae­ological investigations can be con­ducted before the Center building is finally constructed.

Many important questions regarding the s ite and its contents remain unan­swered, questions which can only be re­solved by further excavation. For in­stance, the nature and extent of the older deeper foundations is still a mystery; these stones may represent the oldest building in the City of Los Ange­les. No historical records have been found which document the existence ·of this structure. Consequently we have no altern"ative other than to strongly urge that more scientific investigation be conducted at the Plaza Church site (LAN -1112H) in order to inhance and substanti-

•

·-··-------- ----~--

ate the early history of our cit_y.

It ·is our opinion that every effort should be made to preserve and protect this unique cultural resource. The idea for an in"terp·retiv-e center as part of ·the Los Angeles Bicentennial has our strong­est support.

HUMOR

CATCH 106

Clay A. Singer Northridge Archaeological

Research Center

Cu Jtural resource management, in gen­eral, and archaeology in specific, have been subject to a great deal of scrutiny lately. This review has emanated from a variety of sources, with each spokesper ­son expressing a different orientation. Each of these views is presented in. the hope that the evaluative system, as it deals with cultural resources, will be improved. There are basic tenets which tie these dive_rse opinions together, however.

~ Many principles have been proposed for· assd.sing the need for archaeologica I investigifon and evaluation of practi­tioners. I believe that these proposals missed the point, failing to recognize the true problems presently facing cultu­ral resource management and archaeology In an attempt to correct--: .ihis, I propose a series of assumptions which truly re­flect the foundation on which archaeology is presently practiced and by which the field practitioners are evaluated.

Prostratelette I

The principle motivation in the practice of archaeology and cul­tural resource management is profit.

I fondly remember my eager anticipa­tion of_ graduation because of the bounti­ful employment picture facing the fortu­nate few with a degree in the socia I sci­ences. Those of us with. an anthropology sociology or similar degree bless the serenity of employment as a re lief from the hassles of constant job offers which poured forth after graduation . I can only be thankful that I was able to begin my education with the insight necessary to insure my ultimate financial success. Without that reward, I would never have been able to survive the drudgery of a liberal arts education.

Prostratelette I I

Archaeologists are bigger idiots than anybody else.

It is amazing to look at the great number of logical, concerned, ethical,

-19-

and mora I people with I Qs over 200 (validity of the test not assumed) in the fields of real estate,. government, busi­ness administration, planning, engineer­ing. Jaw and land development, particu­larly when compared to those of us who were dropped on our heads in infancy and became archaeologists.

Prostratelette I I I (a cora Jlary)

Archaeology and prehistory can imm~diately be understood by ari'.yone over the age of eight.

a. YOU FAILED: You have written a report. My ten year old couldn't under­stand this. You haven't provided an ex­R.l.iUl.iltiQn 1.),a_t toe. _p_u.bJi_c:.~_an_l!Q_Q.~q[l~-'-­T he site and, resulting analys is must not be of sufficient public value and should not be repeated.

b . YOU FAILED: You have not ad­vanced the science. You have written a report that my ten year old can under­stand. If it's this easy to do, it's riot worth doing. The site and resulting analysis must not be important and should not be repeated.

Pros.tratelette IV

Research is a sin/research is a requireme11t (Catch 106)

It should not be the responsibility of the developer to fu'nd archaeologica I research While the data may be of value, and its collection a legal p re­requisite, detailed study is the respons­ibility of the science.

If all that results from all this archaeological investigation is a de­scription of a pile of rocks, if it doesn't advance the science of archaeology and our. understanding of the past, then it isn't worth doing.

Prostratelette V

The other guy is a dope.

Upon joining the Associated Heritage Observation_ League, you have to sign the organization's manifesto:

THE OTHER GUY IS A DOPE

To remain a member in good standing. it is necessa·ry to convince neophytes of this point at the rate of at least five per year. Since over the years one tends to run out of neophytes, reminders are counted as one-half of a convert. This is permitted on the assumption that peo­ple tend to forget that the other guy is a do_pe, unless reminded; therefore, it is legitimate to receive credit for rein­forcing the concept.

To be a big person in the organiza­tion, you really have "to apply yourself. The biggest AssH O.Ls actually spend all

their time promoting the manifesto. Some even do it for a living.

Prostratelette VI

Since the advent of cu ltural re­source management, archaeology has failed to make the giant strides that it did previously.

This prostratelette should probably not be discussed, as it requires the ability to read and understand. To eval­uate the nonresponsiveness of CRM in the field of archaeology for San Diego County alone requires a familiarity with over 200 books, articles, and reports. A be-ginning r eading list is attached. If ~fter studyJ.11g __ fue_s_e_do.cu.m.eats.,- )mU-S.tilL .. don't understand the development of the field and the role of CR M in the science of archaeology as applied in San Diego County write me and I 'II send references for . the other documents. Those of you who quip "there is no science in San Diego, 11 see Prostratelette 11 and then study the attached.

Prostratelette VII

Scientists should not be con­cerned with mundane interests like eating and paying the rent.

Anyone who is really interested in the advancement of the field in which they work should be willing to sacrifice for that field'. Monetary rewards should be rejected as prostitution of an other­wise honorable field. Anyone who doubts this premise need simply look at profes­sions other than archaeology. No money goes to those interested in the advance­ment of ethics and respon siveness in gov­ernment. Developers concerned with work­ing toward sensitive, affordable housing are receiving no cash rewar-ds , and pro­fessors interested in thl'! education of their students donate th'e!:· e:.ti:-a pay­checks to the advancemel'lt of the educa­tional system.

The true measure of an honest, re­sponsive archaeologist is how long he or she is employed.

Charles S. Bull

BUCKS LAKE EXHIBIT

The Museum of Anthropology at Cali­fornia State University Chico has just opened a major exhibition enUtled Arch­aeology at Rainbow Point. The exhibit focuses on the investigation of two pre­historic sites at Bucks Lake in the high Sierras of Plumas County northern California.

Excavation of the two sites was funded py Pacific Gas and Electric Com­pany in 1977 Fieldwork was carried out by 40 members of an archaeological summer

field school offered through CSU Chico.

Eighteen displays are featured in the museum and include an audio/slide presen­t~tion 011 !he fi~ld .l,Ct,.QQJ; the impacts of inundation against the archaeological sites; artifacts relatin g to the mysteri­ous Martis culture, the prehistoric Maidu Indians, and the recent Ekal Folk; and the results of several ancillar.y stud­ies--soil pH, palynology water flotation and carbonized seed analysis, obsidian hydration, and C-14 dating.

A published report on the excavations is also available for $5.30 from the museum.

Located in TrTnfty -Ffafrontne-CSU---­Chico campus, the Museum of Anthropology is open to the public and archaeologists Mon.day through Saturday 11 a. m. to 3 p.m. Don't miss it!

Keith L, Johnson

Earlier Than You Think, A Personal View of Man in America . George F Carter. College Station: Texas A & M University Press, 1980 xiv + 348 pp. 53 figures (maps, photographs, and drawing) biblio­graphy index, $19. 95.

This . is one of the most humanistic archaeology books ever publis·hed. As George Carter writes early in this book,

Far too often results are pre­sented in a most impersonal way, and the conflict of persona Ii ties that underlies and often chal­lenges th_e findings being pre­sented is blandly ignored. Real­ity Is not at all like that, for scientists are human beings and more often fiiieci with pride and ambition than most people.

Carter makes this important point in a most readable, amusing, and truly in­sightful manner in the first 86 pages of his riew book. He sincerely acknowledges his many learned critics and proclaims those, like himself that are not too scholastically warped to remain bold enough to search and find the evidence of early man in America. He names them all, and the story of his 53+ year career with these scientific-type characters is woven with marvelous anecdotes--as a protege of Malcolm Rogers in 1927 at the San Diego Museum of Man; through his University years at Berkeley with A. L. Kroeber Carl Sauer Ronald Olson, Bob Heizer and others; to his retrieval of the Del Mar Man sku II for racemization dating as 48,000 years old by Jeffrey Bada--Carter is uniquely able to review the manner in which archaeologists have c;rrried on about his career-long passio~ ·· .i.vith the validity.. of the search for gt<K.;i;;t\-·, and even ._preglacial-, age man _ iri -~merfca.

• The book then shifts from a strictly

humanistic approach to a speculative view on the science of early man. A great deal of potential evidence for the ·exist­ence of early man has been accumulating, This overview ties together the litera­ture of discoveries in southern Califor­nia and throughout the Americas, along with relevant studies in Asia and Austra­lia. There are sections on our changing perceptions of glaciations and the time scale for man's existence, the folklore that nature often breaks stones that look like artifacts, the nature of the -Serin­gia land bridge from Asia to America and its probable climate and vegetation, man's physiological and cultural adapta­tions (·fire, clothing, shelter boa.ts) to

- ,1ve and expand across Beringia and into America as other species have, and the racial diversities of the evolving popu­lations immigrating through the region in early times.

Carter's perspective of the pattern of early man provides a statement of sig­nificance. Indeed, this publication is more a statement of the broad signifi­cance of site discoveries rather than a detailed description of these finds. Most individual site finds remain contro­versial amongst archaeologists, and many conservative scientists will still want to see more precise and convincing site reports. This book does not present them. In this way the style of presen­tation is similar to his 1957 book P leis­tocene Man at San Diego; Carter teiisa story of Alex Kreiger

His dE:vastating review of my (1957] book on early man, with its concentrated criticism of the Texas Street site, he said in his letter, was meant only to show that I had written a lousy site report and was designed to compel me to write a better one.

Carter. has not been compelled. Yet his purpose in writing this new book is not to validate each possible discovery but to provide a framework of their cumula­tive significance to the science of early man.

Carter probably states this best in his own summation,

This has been a personalized and retrospective inquiry into the age of man in America, and, as has been evident , it was not only ancient man that was being dis­cussed but also modern men who peer so selectively at the evi­dence before them. I am under no illusion that my gaze is any less selective than those of others. It is different, and the differ­ence is between those who refus e to speculate and those who are willing to do so Some can see what the picture will be early on; others only much later.

People differ even more in their comfort in trying to make out the pattern some eagerly guessing, others insisting on assembling all or mos.t of t_he bits before doing any guessing.

George Francis Carter really has not changed very much over his 53+ year ca­reer in this field o~ early man but he may have come further and perceived sev­eral things more clearly than most of us in the science. While presenting this prospectus on the significance of early man, this Ph.D. in geography also may have actually written a popularized so­cia I anthropology of this field.

Reviewed by Paul G. ·Chace

EXECUTIVE BOARD MEETINGS

An executive board meetfng was held on June 12, 1981 in Sacramento, Califor­nia. Board members present were Russ -Kaldenberg, Mike Boyton, Maryanne Fazio, Charles Bull, Gary Breschini, and Richard Carrico (proxy for Jane Gothold) Other people present included Robert Laidlaw Daniel Larson, John Foster Clyde Kuhn, David Abrams, Christina Swiden William Pink, William Pagaent, Nancy Evans, Ju­dyth Reed, and Trudy Haversat. Topics discussed included the annual meeting, AB-952, AB-954, the Native American Com­mittee, SB-803, a burial curation task force, the Mendocino County Archaeologi­cal Commission: the Legislative Analysis Committee, reports from the nortJ:le_r;o and southern California vice presid~ts,~/ in­formation about the newsletter ~w'-. Melo­nes, the Schenk Ar~hives, and the SCA planning and development model. Copies of the detailed minutes of this meeting can be obtained by contacting the busi­ness office.

SOCIETY for CALIFORNIA ARCHAEOLOGY

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE

President: Russell L. Kaldenberg, P O Box 821, Forest Falls, CA 92339 (714) 787-2354/7-94-3794

President-Elect: Gary Breschini, P.O. Box 3377 Salinas, CA 93912 (408) 633-2157

--lmmedia.t.e-P-as-t--P-r:esident-: Linda B King, 1089 Broadway San Jose, CA 95125 (408) 293-6383

Southern Vice President: Charles S. Bull, 1094 Cudahy. Place, Ste. 204, San Diego, CA 92110 (7i4) 275-3732

Northern Vice President: Boynton, 358 French St; 95988.;j~16) 934-3316

Michael Willows, CA

Secre'hir-y: Maryanne Fazio, 1504 Gt~-v.e St. Berkeley CA 94707 (415) 526-:-i109

Treasurer: Jane Gothold, 10121 Pounds Ave. Whittier CA 90603 (213) 947-6506

SCA BUSINESS OFFICE

Business Office Manager: Gale Carpenter SCA Business Office, c/o Dept. of Anthropology, California State University Fullerton, CA 92634

Membership Fees: Regular $ 15, Student/ Senior $6, I nstitutiona I $20 per year

CONTRIBUTORS

Editorial Staff:

Ronald V May, editor-in-chief Charles S. Bull, associate editor W:!!:am Eckhardt, associate editor

Contributing Editors:

Russell Kaldenberg Roger Werner John Foster Gary Breschini Paul Schumacher

Newsletter Produc_tion

RE CON Cornerstone Research

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TECHNICAL PUBLICATIONS

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EDGE UNIT ANALYSIS OF THE LITHIC ASSEMBLAGE FROM CA-SCR-94 by Maryanne Fazio Fox. 0 .94 THE PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY OF CENTRAL CALIFORNI A, PART 1: OSTEOMETRIC DATA

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Society f or California Archaeology Department of Anthropology California State University Fullerton California 92~34

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Meetings l Legislative Update 2 Clearinghouse Tnfnrm~~i~n 2

Department of Parks and Recreation Reburials 3

SCA Publications 3 In Memoriam. 4 Letter from the President. 5 Expulsion of Members and Ballot 7 Statewide Survey. 8 A Report from the Desert 11 Historical Archaeology 14 Spanish Fort on Point Loma 16 El Pueblo State Park 17 Humor 1 9 Exhibit 20 Book Review 20