newsletters 2004 - avt

8/3/2019 Newsletters 2004 - AVT

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Newsletters 2004

01/2004CONFUSABLE WORDS: Control - Manage Control: If you control something such as a country or an organization, you have the power to take allthe important decisions about the way it is run. (The merchants controlled the network of marketingand supplies.Manage: If you manage something such a as a business, an organization, or a system, you areresponsible for organizing it and seeing that the right things are done. You have the power to makedecisions, but you may nee the co-operation of other people.( Mr. Smith manages the 400 acre dairy farm with the help of five men).RECOMMENDED URLS A Dictionary of Descriptive Terminology http://palimpsest.stanford.edu/don/don.html

http://www.foreignword.com/ BANKING Cash Short: (efectivo faltante en caja): cuenta del libro mayor general donde se asientan los faltantesen efectivo de los cajeros.Summarizing entry: (asiento de totalización): entrada en forma de diario escrita debajo del pie de lascolumnas del diario para indicar la igualdad entre los créditos y los débitos.

02/2004

CONFUSABLE WORDS: base - basis Base: The base of an object is its lowest part, where it begins, or where it touches the ground or asurface. ( We reached the base of the volcano).

The base of a system of ideas or a subject of study is the foundation from which other ideas or moreadvanced studies are developed. ( Marx came to describe the economy as a base, or structure, uponwhich a superstructure was erected consisting of such elements as law, politics, etc.).Basis: The basis of or for something is the central and most important part of or it, from which it hasbeen or can be further developed. ( The court is quite satisfied that there is no basis for thesecriticisms).RECOMMENDED URLS A large variety of Glossary and Acronym links pertaining to electricity and electronics http://www.iserv.net/~alexx/glossary.htm Derecho Penal http://premium.caribe.net/~israpaal/penal.htm BANKING Gravy: (dinero conseguido ilegalmente, soborno político). Dinero recibido en exceso a lo anticipado;dinero ganado fácilmente generalmente por medios ilegales.

Green power: ( poder verde) poder adquisitivo del dinero.A WORD A DAY ..., KEEPS INGNORANCE AWAY!!!! forfend: *1: to ward off : prevent 2: to protect : preserve*My roommate claims that the best way to forfend a nasty cold is to chew garlic .watershed:n 1: a dividing ridge between two drainage areas 2: the region or area drained by aparticular body of water *3: turning point*Last weekend’s victory was a watershed for our team, marking the end of a long losing streak. hark back: v 1: to turn back to an earlier topic or circumstance *2: to go back to something as anorigin or source*The restaurant’s art-deco interior harks back to the Paris of the 1920s. memonic: adj : assisting or designed to assist memoryOur music teacher taught us the mnemonic sentence “Every good boy does fine” to help us remember the of the lines of the treble staff.

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conundrum: n 1: a riddle whose answer is or involves a pun *2: an intricate and difficult problem*Technology presents us with a challenging conundrum since it has the potential to be destructive as well as beneficial.

welkin: n 1a: the vault of the sky : firmament b: the celestial abode of God or the gods : heaven *2: theupper atmosphere*We wondered if the balloon would disappear into the welkin or float across the sea to a faraway land.crucible: n 1: a heat-resisting container 2: a severe test *3: a place or situation in which concentratedforces interact to cause change or development*In the mid-1950s Alabama was the crucible of the civil rights movement, in large part due to Rosa Parks and her refusal to give up her bus seat. akimbo: adj or adv *1: having the hand on the hip and the elbow turned outward 2: set in a bentposition*The boys knew they were in trouble when they saw Aunt Alice standing in the doorway, a scowl on her face and her arms akimbo.

03/2004

CONFUSABLE WORDS: capacity - capability Capacity: The capacity of something is the amount that it can hold or produce. (The pipeline has acapacity or 1.2 million barrels a day).A person’s capacity is their ability to do something well. ( If a man is self-employed, he can adjust hisperformance to his capacities).Capability: The capability of a country, machine or person is their ability to do a particular thing. (Every advance in medical capabilities is an increase in our moral responsibility).RECOMMENDED URLS Glossary of English terms concerning American educationhttp://www.kbr.be/fulbright/studus/glossary/

http://www.edvpackaging.com/english/default.htm FINANCE NASDAQ: National Association of Securities Dealers Automatic Quotation System ( Sistemaautomático de cotizaciones de la Asociación Nacional de Agentes de Bolsa). Sistema computarizadodonde los gentes / corredores ingresan sus precios internos para que accedan sus pares a fin derealizar transacciones.Debenture: (debenture) bono garantizado por el crédito general de la empresa, sin respaldoespecifico.

Un Articulo Interesante

Las lenguas del mundo, una especie en peligro Por Julián Povedano* Para sobrevivir en el tiempo, las lenguas necesitan por lo menos 100.000 hablantes. En la actualidad

se estima que existen unas 6.800 lenguas en el planeta, según afirma UNESCO, la mitad de las cualesson habladas por comunidades menores de 2.500 personas.Aunque varían en matices, las proyecciones dan a entender que la extinción de lenguas, para finalesdel presente siglo, podría alcanzar niveles de catástrofe. Si bien es cierto que, desde el principio delos tiempos, las lenguas nacen y mueren, y son miles las que caen en el olvido, su extinción nuncahabía experimentado la velocidad que alcanza en la actualidad. Una velocidad que provocará que,según el Worldwatch Institute, entre el 50 y el 90% de las lenguas del mundo se pierdan para a finalesde este siglo. Para algunos, esta extinción es semejante al de la extinción de especies, la extinciónde formas de vivir, la extinción de culturas.La guerra y los genocidios, los desastres naturales, la extinción de idiomas poco utilizados por laadopción de lenguas dominantes, como el chino y el ruso, y las prohibiciones que sobre ellas aplicanciertos gobiernos, han contribuido al desuso de numerosas lenguas. Otros, como el profesorLadefoged, entienden que la razón para esta acelerada extinción, además de en el sistema

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económico, las políticas gubernamentales y los sistemas de enseñanza, la encontramos, sobre todo,en los medios de comunicación masiva, que las abandonan en favor de los idiomas más difundidos aescala planetaria.

En la actualidad, tan sólo 100 siberianos hablan el udihe; el número de hablantes de arikapu hadescendido a menos de seis personas; en el año 2001, la señora Marie Smith, que ya contaba con 83años de edad, era la única hablante de eyak, un lenguaje nativo de Alaska y, en 1992, la muerte de ungranjero turco señaló el fin del ubykh, un idioma de la región del Cáucaso que tenía el récord deconsonantes: 81. Una desgracia, como el terremoto que afectó el oeste de la India a finales del sigloXX, puede provocar estragos en el porcentaje de hablantes de una lengua. En el sismo, murieronunos 30.000 hablantes de kutchi, de los 800.000 que lo conocían. En buena medida, la desapariciónde lenguas se da dentro del movimiento hacia la uniformidad cultural que ha traído consigo laglobalización. El valor como agentes de la diversidad y la diferenciación que poseen todas laslenguas es de gran importancia. Por ello, para que no se pierda, existe una contrapartida o reacciónal proceso uniformador: en la actualidad, algunas lenguas están volviendo, o si se quiere,resucitando.En 1983, los hawaianos re-introdujeron en sus escuelas el nativo aha punana leo que casi se había

extinguido -sus hablantes no llegan al millar- después de que Estados Unidos, tras anexionar el paísen 1898, prohibiera su enseñanza y en la actualidad entre 7 y 10 mil hawaianos hablan su lenguanativa. Por su parte en Cronwall, Inglaterra, se trata de reavivar el cornish, lengua que se cree murióhacia 1777. Lo mismo está sucediendo con antiguas lenguas mayas en México, en tanto que elhebreo evolucionó, en el siglo XX, de lengua escrita a idioma nacional, hablado por unos cincomillones de personas. Otras iniciativas pretenden revivir el galés, el navajo, el maorí y diversaslenguas nativas de Botswana.Esta restauración de idiomas casi desaparecidos no hace más que afirmar la característica principalde la lengua, la de distinguir a unos hablantes de otros, la voluntad de diferenciarse que tienen lascomunidades. Si bien el mito bíblico achaca la diversidad de las lenguas a un castigo, lo cierto esque, cuantas más lenguas contenga el mundo, más rico será, más fuerte y más complejo.* PeriodistaFUENTE:www.websolidarios.org

04/2004

CONFUSABLE WORDS: fragile - frail Fragile: Delicate things that are easily broken or damaged can be described as fragile. ( She pouredtea into cups as thin and fragile as magnolia petals).Fragile is sometimes used to describe people. If someone feels fragile, they feel week, for examplebecause they are ill or because they have drunk too much alcohol. ( Ted looks pale and fragile today).Frail: a frail person is weak and in poor health. ( Her head trembled on her frail neck).RECOMMENDED URLS

http://traduccion.rediris.es/

URLs de GLOSARIOS Varios de Carlos Ben Ari-Héctor M. Gayón: http://www.spanish-translation.com/language.htm BUSINESS WORDS Exworks: Franco fabricaDormant company: Empresa inactivaManagement Control: Control de gestiónWash Sale: Venta ficticia.A WORD A DAY ... KEEPS IGNORANCE AWAY!!!!! bona fides n 1: good faith : sincerity 2: evidence of one’s good faith or genuineness *3: evidence of one’squalifications or achievements* The professor’s bona fides include numerous publications in scholarly journals. syncretic

adj : characterized or brought about by the combination of different forms of belief or practice

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Dr. Portman practices a syncretic form of medicine, borrowing from both eastern and western medical traditions. debonair

adj *1: suave, urbane 2: lighthearted, nonchalant*Donald, a handsome and debonair bachelor, has become a sought-after guest for dinner parties. chapter and verse n 1: the exact reference or source of information or justification for an assertion *2: full preciseinformation or detail*“Around a campfire one evening I was giving the boys chapter and verse about the staggering losses in the rainforests around the world.” —PAUL QUINNETT, AUDUBON, SEPTEMBER 1985 ineluctable adj : not to be avoided, changed, or resisted : inevitableIn classical tragedy, the hero’s flaw often leads him to a disastrous and ineluctable fate.ear candy n : music that is pleasing to listen to but lacks depth“You call our music ‘ear candy,’” said the bandleader, “but it might interest you to know that we’re

booked solid for the rest of the year.” jackleg adj 1a: lacking of skill or training : amateur *b: characterized by unscrupulousness, dishonesty, orlack of professional standards 2: makeshift* “Don’t expect me to trust our cigar-chomping jackleg mayor,” snarled Sam. “I know for a fact that he bribed two city council members.” serendipity n : the gift of finding valuable or agreeable things not sought forThe fact that the roadside restaurant we selected happened to be the best deal in town was pure serendipity rather than the result of careful planning.

5/2004

CONFUSABLE WORDS: couple – pair Both couple and pair refer to groups of two.If you call two people a couple, you mean that they are married o have a close permanentrelationship. You usually use a plural form of a verb with couple. ( In Venice we met a South Africancouple). The same happens with two partners who dance or do other things together.Two people can also be called a pair, but they may not have a very close relationship. You often usepair in a humorous way or to show disapproval. When pair is used like this, you use a plural form of averb with it. ( They had always been a devoted pair).Two animal that mate with each other and produce young are called a pair.Two things that match each other, for example shoes or ornaments, are called a pair. When pair isused like this, the verb can be singular or plural. ( She had put on a pair of black shoes).You also talk about a pair of scissors, trousers, or other things made of two matching parts. You use

a singular verb. ( Round his neck was a pair of earphones).In conversation, a couple of things or people are two things or people. You use a plural verb with acouple of . (They have been helped by a couple of newspaper reporters).Very often, when people talk about a couple of things or people, they do not mean exactly two ofthem. They mean at least two but not very many. (They will be coming out in a couple of minutes).RECOMMENDED URLS Glosarios y Diccionarios on line en ingles, francés e italiano en : http://www.glosariosonline.com.ar/main.htm Glossaries by Subject http://www.lai.com/glsubj.html BUSINESS WORDS Maturity matching: calce de plazos, ajuste de plazos ( entre activos y pasivos).Desk officers: Empleados administrativosDeuda incobrable: Bad debt

Moratoria fiscal: Tax amnesty

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06/2004

CONFUSABLE WORDS: salary – wages If you are employed, your employer pays you a salary or wages for doing your job.A salary is the amount of money that someone is paid each year, although they actually get a certainamount each month. In the past, it was only people with professional or non-manual jobs whoreceived salaries A person’s salary is usually aid directly into their bank account or paid to them bycheque. ( Ina good year, a top executive’s bonus can outstrip his annual salary.)Wages are usually paid once a week. In the past, manual and non-skilled workers received wages.Nowadays they may receive either wages or a salary. A person’s wages may be paid to them in cashor by cheque, or the money may be paid directly into their bank account. ( They hated workingunderground, but the wages seemed high to them).RECOMMENDED URLS Glossary & Terms Know the IPO language http://4ipo.4anything.com/4/0,1001,4318,00.html Glossary Agent™ links are grouped in 18 subject categories: New Listings (12) Accounting,Business, Economics (20) Biometrics, Computers, Internet (15) Building Construction (10) Crime andFraud (16) Employee Benefits, Healthcare, Human Resources (31) Environment (29) Finance andInvestment (24) Fire Prevention (8) Insurance and Surety (45) Law (33) Life Sciences (28) PhysicalSciences nd Engineering (20) Reinsurance (14) Risk Management (7) Safety (9) Shipping andTransportation (25) Statistics (8) Weather (15)http://www.insurancetranslation.com/Glossary_Agent/index.htm FRENCH TERMS ANDEXPRESSIONS COMMONLYUSED IN ENGLISH Over the years, the English language has borrowed a great number of words and expressions fromFrench. Some of this vocabulary has been so completely absorbed by English that speakers mightnot realize its origins. Other words and expressions have retained their "Frenchness" - a certain je nesais quoi which speakers tend to be much more aware of (although this awareness does not usuallyextend to actually pronouncing the word in French). The following is a list of French terms which arecommonly used in English.

adieu Literal meaning: until God. Used like "farewell"; when you don't expect to see the person again untilGod (when you die and go to Heaven)agent provocateur Literal meaning: provocative agent . A person who attempts to provoke suspected individuals orgroups into committing unlawful actsaide-de-camp Literal meaning: camp assistantA military officer who serves as a personal assistant to a higher-ranking officeraide-mémoire Literal meaning: memory aid1. Position paper2. Something that acts as an aid to memory, such as crib notes or a mnemonic devices

à la carte Literal meaning: on the menu*. French restaurants usually offer a menu with choices for each of theseveral courses at a fixed price. If you want something else (a side order), you order from the carte.*Note that menu is a false cognate in French and English.à la mode Literal meaning: in fashion, styleIn English, this means "with ice cream" - apparently someone decided that having ice cream on piewas the fashionable way to eat it.(to be continued...)WORLD MAP OF TIME ZONES http://www.worldtimezone.com Time is important in any kind of business. Go to World Map of Time Zones (http://www.worldtimezone.com/ ), and you'll find the answers you need. You can view a world time

map, individual country maps, a map of countries that use Daylight Saving Time, and a listing of cur-

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rent times in every country of the world. You can view a map showing where it's night and day acrossthe globe right now.

07/2004

CONFUSABLE WORDS: alternately – alternatively You use alternately to say that two actions or processes keep happening regularly after each other. (Each piece of material is washed alternately in soft water and coconut oil).You use alternatively to give a different explanation from one that has just been mentioned, or tosuggest a different course of action. ( Or alternatively was he short of cash because he had neverbeen to the Rosses’ house at all?RECOMMENDED URLS

http://www.intelihealth.com/IH/ihtIH/WSIHW000/9276/9276.html?k=tnavx325x9276 DICCIONARIOS ESPECIALIZADOS Y GLOSARIOS EN VARIOS IDIOMAS http://www.el-castellano.com/dicciona.html FRENCH TERMS ANDEXPRESSIONS COMMONLYUSED IN ENGLISH ( cont.) amour-propre Literal meaning: self love, self respectAperitif Literal meaning: cocktail . From Latin, "to open"après-ski Literal meaning: after skiingThe French term actually refers to snow boots, but the literal translation of the term is what is meantin English, as in "après-ski" social events.à propos (de) Literal meaning: on the subject of In French, à propos must be followed by the reposition de. InEnglish, there are four ways to use apropos (we leave out the accent and the space):1. Adjective - appropriate, to the point: "That's true, but it's not apropos."2. Adverb - At an appropriate time, opportunely: "Fortunately, he arrived apropos."3. Adverb/Interjection - by the way, incidentally: "Apropos, what happened yesterday?"4. Preposition (may or may not be followed by of) - with regard to, speaking of: "Apropos ourmeeting, I'll be late"; "He told a funny story apropos of the new president."art déco Literal meaning: decorative art. Short for art décoratif(to be continued...)

Posted on Tue, Feb. 17, 2004OF THE PEOPLE: Speaking for tongues… BY JIM RAGSDALEPioneer Press Irene Toro-Martinez learned Spanish at home and is studying German. Molly Brookfield's mother isfluent in French and is working on Spanish. Getinet Kidanemariam is fluent in Amharic, the officiallanguage of his native Ethiopia.All three described their language skills in English, the lingua franca of the Capitol rotunda, wherethey appeared Monday to promote linguistic pluralism as a learning tool and as an entree into theglobal village."Monolingualism is curable," read one of the signs held by Irene and Molly, 16-year-old juniors at St.Paul Central High School.Instruction in what used to be called "foreign'' languages is available in Minnesota schools, and anumber of magnet-school offerings are based on language immersion. But in the shift from the old

Profile of Learning to new statewide graduation standards, world languages were not included as

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core academic standards.Language advocates fear that means these classes will be considered "extras'' that can be trimmedwhen budgets are tight. The appearance of parents, teachers and students at the Capitol was aimed

at enshrining world languages as a core requirement — not a frill — in Minnesota's K-12 classrooms.Bills sponsored by Rep. Mindy Greiling, DFL-Roseville, and Sen. Sandra Pappas, DFL-St. Paul, wouldmake world languages a statewide academic standard."We have a global society," Greiling said. "We have jobs going over to India because they speakperfect English. But we're never going to have international jobs outsourced to us, because we onlyspeak English."But in a year when the focus is on adopting contentious science and social studies standards, it willbe a tough sell to put German, French, Dutch, Spanish and Mandarin on the legislative agenda.Department of Education Commissioner Cheri Pierson Yecke is focusing on basic academic areasand wants districts to take the lead in deciding what classes to add, said her spokesman, Bill Walsh.Rep. Barb Sykora, R-Excelsior, who chairs the House Education Policy Committee, said districts arerequired to offer at least one language as an elective, but students are not required to take it tograduate. Some districts, she noted, may impose language requirements of their own.

"The question is, how many mandates should we have?" Sykora asked.At least one more, say those who view languages as a window on the world and a priority foreducation. Carol Ann Dahlberg of Moorhead, a national consultant on language instruction, came tothe Capitol to argue for a language requirement as a critical learning tool, particularly in the earlygrades."The real rationale is what it does for the learner," she said.Vicki Nolan, who teaches Spanish to K-6 students at Valley Crossing Community School inWoodbury, said her youngest students intuitively pick up phrases such as "¿Como estas?" withouttranslating into "How are you?""They just know '¿Como estas?' " Nolan said.Molly Brookfield said she found her high school Spanish helpful when she traveled to Europe withher parents. She said she hopes to study Spanish in college, but she does not sound worried aboutwhether it helps her in her career.

"I love the language so much," she said.http://www.twincities.com/mld/twincities/news/7968634.htm

08/2004

CONFUSABLE WORDS: forget – leave behind If you forget something such as your keys, you do not remember to take them with you when you gosomewhere. If you forget to do something such as buy some milk, you do not remember to do it. (take your raincoat. You forgot it).If you leave something behind, you do not bring it with you. You leave it where it is either becauseyou decide not to take it or because you do not remember to take it. ( Feeling in his pockets he foundhis wallet was not here; he must have left it behind at the pub).

RECOMMENDED URLSSITIO PARA AVERIGUAR EL TIEMPO EN TODO EL MUNDO - ¡¡¡¡¡EXCELENTE !!!!! http://english.wunderground.com/cgi-bin/findweather/getForecast?query=europeFRENCH TERMS ANDEXPRESSIONS COMMONLYUSED IN ENGLISH ( cont.)attaché Literal meaning: attached. A person assigned to a diplomatic postau fait Literal meaning: conversant, informedAu fait is used in British English to mean "familiar" or "conversant": She's not really au fait with myideas.au gratin Literal meaning: with gratings. In French, au gratin refers to anything that is grated and put on top ofa dish, like breadcrumbs or cheese. In English, au gratin means "with cheese."

au jus

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Literal meaning: in the juice. Served with the meat's natural juices.au naturel Literal meaning: in reality, unseasoned . In this case naturel is a semi-false cognate. In French, au

naturel can mean either "in reality" or the literal meaning of "unseasoned" (in cooking). In English, wepicked up the latter, less common usage and use it figuratively, to mean natural, untouched, pure,real.au pair Literal meaning: at par . A person who works for a family (cleaning and/or teaching the children) inexchange for room and boardavant-garde Literal meaning: before guard. Innovative, especially in the artsavoirdupois Literal meaning: to have weight. This word has a very interesting etymology. The words avoir dupoids are French, but the expression itself is English: the words were (in a nutshell) imported intoEnglish from Old French, strung together, and then the new term, which referred to commodities soldby weight, was exported back to French in the 15th century. Today it is an informal, general term for

weight.bête noire Literal meaning: black beast. Similar to a pet peeve: something that is particularly distasteful ordifficult and to be avoided.billet-doux Literal meaning: sweet note, Love letterBlond, blonde Literal meaning: fair-haired. This is the only adjective in English which agrees in gender with theperson it modifies: blond is for a man and blonde for a woman. Note that these can also be nouns.

El español como recurso económico Por Marcela Valente (Interpress Service) Tres universidades de Argentina formaron un consorcio para evaluar y certificar el dominio de lalengua española de extranjeros no hispanohablantes, con aval del Ministerio de Educación, un pasoque abre la puerta al desarrollo del turismo, la enseñanza y el negocio editorial, entre otros campos.Una de las mentoras del proyecto, la decana de la Facultad de Lenguas de la Universidad deCórdoba, en el norte del país, Cristina Elge, dijo a IPS que los primeros exámenes se tomarán ennoviembre en Argentina, pero la cancillería ya adelantó que se incorporarán luego instituciones enBrasil, Estados Unidos y China.La idea de formar un consorcio académico evaluador surgió en 2001 entre las tres casas de altosestudios más antiguas del país: la Universidad de Buenos Aires, la de Córdoba y la del Litoral, en elnororiente de Argentina. «Mucha gente que tenía el conocimiento del español se acercaba para ver sipodíamos tomar un examen y certificarla», relató ElgeCuando las bases del proyecto tuvieron aval del Ministerio de Educación y de la cancillería, ladepreciación monetaria de 2002 creó la demanda. «La devaluación hizo que muchos europeos,canadienses y estadounidenses cambiaran España por Argentina como destino elegido paraaprender el español», comentó la decana.El Ministerio de Educación estimó que en 2003 llegaron a Argentina más de 40.000 estudiantesextranjeros para aprender la lengua española. Si bien el pasaje hasta este país sudamericano resultamás caro por la distancia, el costo de vida y el valor de los cursos son mucho más bajos medidos endólares, sin que mengüe la calidad del aprendizaje. Para hacer el proceso más atractivo yacadémicamente válido, faltaba la certificación, que muchos adquirían presentando exámenes anteinstituciones de enseñanza de España. Esa nación europea, madre de la lengua que hablaHispanoamérica, mantiene el liderazgo en enseñanza y evaluación del español para extranjeros.El Instituto Cervantes, dependiente del Ministerio de Educación de España, elabora cursos para sussedes en 40 países, y la Universidad de Salamanca se encarga de evaluar los exámenes y certificar elconocimiento. Por esta tarea, la Universidad cobra entre 60 y 80 dólares según el nivel delconocimiento a examinar. Los estudiantes extranjeros se inscriben, pagan el derecho de examen, yrinden sus conocimientos ante evaluadores del Instituto Cervantes o de otros organismos asociados.

La Universidad de Salamanca corrige las pruebas y otorga los certificados conocidos por la sigla






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DELE (Diploma de Español como Lengua Extranjera).En América Latina, solo la Universidad de México alcanzó un desarrollo similar, según explicó Elge.«En Sudamérica somos los primeros», destacó. La institución mexicana otorga el EPLE (Examen de

Posesión de la Lengua Española) que vale para el trabajo profesional y para la incorporación a launiversidad no hispanohablantes. Pero mediante un convenio con la Universidad de Salamanca, elcertificado de cada uno se convalida en el otro país.En Argentina, donde el certificado aún carece de nombre, se enseña «la variante argentina culta» delespañol, explicó Elge. No obstante, el criterio para certificar será más amplio, permitiendo laincorporación de otras variedades. El certificado se exigirá a los extranjeros para aspirar aposgrados, un requisito común en Brasil con el portugués, pero que en Argentina hasta ahora noexiste.El mecanismo de certificación más conocido fue el creado para el idioma inglés, controlado por laUniversidad de Cambridge, en Gran Bretaña. Allí la enseñanza de la lengua inglesa factura más quela industria automotriz, según un estudio publicado en 2002 en uno de los «Cuadernos Cervantes, laRevista del Español en el Mundo». Las ganancias no provienen solo de los precios de los exámenes,sino de los paquetes de turismo ideados para «sumergirse» en la lengua, la edición de libros,

casetes, disquetes y vídeos, entre otros aspectos del negocio lingüístico.La lengua de Cervantes, oficial en más de 20 países, es el idioma materno de unos 400 millones depersonas, y otros 100 millones lo hablan como segunda lengua, de acuerdo a una investigaciónrealizada por la Universidad de México. A fines de comunicación internacional, el español es elsegundo idioma del mundo después del inglés. Pero en cantidad de hablantes se ubica cuartodespués del mandarín (que lo hablan 1.000 millones de personas en China), el inglés (500 millones), yel hindi (480 millones de hindúes).

La diferencia entre la cantidad de personas de habla inglesa y de hispanohablantes no es grande. Sinembargo, en comparación con el enorme desarrollo de la industria editorial y las tecnologías de laenseñanza del inglés, el negocio del español está todavía en estadio incipiente. «Imagínese lo quesignificaría para nosotros», dijo Elge al referirse a la posibilidad de tomar exámenes de español enBrasil, Estados Unidos y China y corregirlos en Argentina. A través de la cancillería, el asunto yaviaja y se trata en cada una de las misiones diplomáticas comerciales que emprende el gobierno.La Facultad de Lenguas de la Universidad de Córdoba, que dirige Elge, tiene distintas carreras parala enseñanza del inglés, el alemán, el italiano, el francés, el portugués y el castellano, pero dirigidas aestudiantes argentinos. No obstante, en los años 80 comenzó a desarrollar cursos de enseñanza delespañol para extranjeros. Debido a esa experiencia, desde este año incorporó la Licenciatura y elProfesorado de Español como Lengua Extranjera, una carrera con dos títulos posibles que es únicaen el país, orientada específicamente a formar docentes especializados.De allí la participación activa de la Universidad en la creación del consorcio. La decana explicó quepor el momento el programa se financia a través del Estado, pero en cuanto las universidadescomiencen a cobrar aranceles de examen, aún no establecidos, el proyecto se autofinanciará y dejarábuenos recursos a los centros académicos.«Lo económico no es lo que nos motiva, nos apasiona el desafío intelectual, pero tampoco podemosdesdeñar el hecho de que para sobrevivir, a veces las universidades debemos actuar comoempresas», admitió. El certificado permitirá además que Argentina adquiera peso internacional en laenseñanza del español, y será una fuente de ingresos para el turismo, la industria editorial, eldesarrollo de programas de computación específicos, y otras técnicas vinculadas al aprendizaje,pronosticó la decana.

09/2004

CONFUSABLE WORDS: principle – principal A principle is a rule that someone has to guide their behavior or a rule which explains how somethingworks or is organized. Principle is a noun. (John is a man of high principles).Principal means firs in order or importance. For example, our principal reason for doing something isyour main or most important reason. Principal is an adjective. ( Chamberlain consulted his principal






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colleagues).Principal can also be used as a noun. A principal is a person who runs a school or college ( Theyarranged with the principal of her school to take time off).

RECOMMENDED URLSNational Association of Judiciary Interpreters and Translators http://www.najit.org/links.shtml DICTIONARIES AND GLOSSARIES / LIBRARIES & INFORMATION DATABASES http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/mmaloof/links.htm FRENCH TERMS ANDEXPRESSIONS COMMONLYUSED IN ENGLISH ( cont.)bon appétit Literal meaning: good appetite. The closest English equivalent is "Enjoy your meal."bon vivant Literal meaning: good "liver". Someone who lives well, who knows how to enjoy life.bon voyage Literal meaning: good trip. English has "Have a good trip," but Bon voyage is more elegant.brunette

Literal meaning: small, dark-haired female. The French word brun, dark-haired, is what English reallymeans by "brunette." The -ette suffix indicates that the subject is small and female.carte blanche Literal meaning: blank card. Free hand, ability to do whatever you want/needcerise Literal meaning: cherry. The French word for the fruit gives us the English word for the color.c'est la vie Literal meaning: that's life. Same meaning and usage in both languageschaise longue Literal meaning: long chair. In English, this is often mistakenly written as "chaise lounge" - whichactually makes perfect sense.chargé d'affaires Literal meaning: charged with business.A substitute or replacement diplomat

cheval-de-frise Literal meaning: Frisian horse. Barbed wire, spikes, or broken glass attached to wood or masonryand used to block accesscheval glace Literal meaning: horse mirror. A long mirror set into a moveable framechic Literal meaning: stylish. Chic sounds more chic than "stylish."coup de grâce Literal meaning: mercy blow. Deathblow, final blow, decisive strokecoup d'état Literal meaning: state blow. Overthrow of the governmentcrème de cacao Literal meaning: cream of cacao. Chocolate-flavored liqueur

crème de la crème Literal meaning: cream of the cream. Synonymous with the English expression "cream of the crop" –refers to the best of the best.crème de menthe Literal meaning: cream of mint. Mint-flavored liqueurcrème fraîche Literal meaning: fresh cream. This is a funny term. Despite its meaning, crème fraîche is in fact

slightly fermented, thickened cream.critique Literal meaning: critical, judgment. Critique is an adjective and noun in French, but a noun and verbin English; it refers to a critical review of something or the act of performing such a review.

cuisine

http://www.najit.org/links.shtml

http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/mmaloof/links.htm

http://ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/mmaloof/links.htm

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Literal meaning: kitchen, food style. In English, cuisine refers only to a particular type offood/cooking, such as French cuisine, Southern cuisine, etc.cul-de-sac

Literal meaning: bottom of the bag. Dead-end street.(to be continued)

Speaking of tongues http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2004/02/27/1077676965961.html 28-2-04 English is under pressure as the dominant world language of the future. Deborah Smith reports. It has been easy for native English speakers to become complacent. Isn't their language dominant incommerce, science and global relations? Aren't there hundreds of millions of people trying to masterthe language? All true. But in a few decades today's young people could be wishing they had learntMandarin, Hindi or Arabic, when these become the world's most common native tongues.The number of people growing up speaking English as a first language is in sharp decline, a newreport says. And there's a sting to its popularity as a second language. The main impact of English infuture will be to spawn generations of bilingual and multilingual people, says a leading Britishlinguist, Dr David Graddol. And monolingual English speakers will find it difficult to participate insocieties where multilingual people switch languages for routine tasks, he says.Graddol, a lecturer at the British Open University and a director of the publisher English Company,describes the present as an extraordinary moment in the history of language, predicting we areheaded for "decades of rapid, and perhaps disorienting change, after which a new linguistic worldorder will emerge".By 2050, only 5 per cent of people will be native English speakers, down from about 7 per cent nowand 9 per cent 50 years ago, Graddol says in an article published yesterday in the journal Science.Chinese will top the language table, with English dropping to fourth, behind Hindi and Arabic, andjust ahead of Spanish. Rushing up behind will be Bengali, Tamil and Malay, the languages growingmost rapidly at present.While a dozen or so languages jostle for the top spots, there will be decimation at the bottom. Up to90 per cent of the 6000 smaller languages spoken today - mostly older rural tongues - are expected tobecome extinct in a century. "We may now be losing a language every day," he says.HOW we got to this point - even how we evolved the gift of the gab - is also becoming clearer underthe gaze of science. Evidence is growing that the first language humans spoke may have been basedon the clicking and rapid sucking noises now used to communicate by only 120,000 people in Africa.Studies of the evolution of languages suggest that clicks have deep roots, going back at least 10,000years. Genetic studies of people also indicate click-speaking populations have a common ancestorwho lived about 50,000 years ago, according to other reports in the journal.From one mother tongue many were born, as people colonised different places on the globe. Somelanguages, like Japanese and Icelandic, have been stable for centuries. Others like English havechanged over centuries. The reasons can be as mundane as a mixed marriage. New research, forexample, suggests that the transformation in English in the 11th and 12th century was sparked byViking men living with Anglo-Saxon women.Global communication systems now make invasions old hat. To see evolution in action it isnecessary only to watch Indian MTV, where a hybrid mix of English and Hindi is spoken.And while standards of written English used to be maintained by "linguistic gatekeepers" such assub-editors, new technology and the fact that anyone can publish a magazine or contribute to awebsite, mean written English is now much more like the spoken word, says Graddol.Professor David Hall, head of linguistics at Macquarie University, says Graddol's research on thefuture of English is having a big influence on the way it is taught. The expectation that a studentshould aspire to speak as well as a native is under challenge. "Most dialogues in English are betweentwo non-native speakers," Hall says. Someone learning English in Japan, for instance, is more likelyto be speaking to another new to English than speaking to a native English speaker.English, along with computer skills, has become such a mainstream skill that in Asia, employersexpect English to be spoken, so that Mandarin Chinese will become the new "must learn" language inthe next decade, Graddol says.Hall says Australia has a big advantage in adjusting to the new world linguistic order, with so many

migrants fluent in other languages. "They're a great resource".

http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2004/02/27/1077676965961.html%2028-2-04

http://www.smh.com.au/articles/2004/02/27/1077676965961.html%2028-2-04






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Young Australians should reflect on their geographic position, he says. As well as Chinese andSpanish, they should consider learning the rapidly growing languages of the neighbourhood, such asMalay, Japanese, Korean and Thai.

10/2004

CONFUSABLE WORDS: serial - series You use both serial and series to talk about a ser of programmes for radio or television or asset ofpieces of writing printed in different editions of a magazine or newspaper.A serial is a fictional story which is divided into parts. For example, a novel can be divided into partsand shown on television as a serial. (The novel has recently been dramatized a television serial).A series is a set of related programmes or pieces of writing. A series may be fictional, but each part isa complete story in itself. Many series are not fictional: for example a wildlife series on television isaset of programmes about nature. Note that the plural of series is also series. (a comedy series).RECOMMENDED URLS

Dictionaries Varios Idiomas y temashttp://www-math.uni-paderborn.de/dictionaries/Dictionaries.html

http://www.ncta.org/html/archtop.html FRENCH TERMS ANDEXPRESSIONS COMMONLYUSED IN ENGLISH ( cont.)debutante Literal meaning: beginner. In French, débutante is the feminine form of débutant - beginner (noun) orbeginning (adj). In both languages, it also refers to a young girl making her formal debut into society.Interestingly, this usage is not original in French; it was adopted back from English.Décolletage, décolleté Literal meaning: low neckline. lowered neckline. The first is a noun, the second an adjective, but bothrefer to low necklines on women's clothing.dégustation Literal meaning: tasting. The French word simply refers to the act of tasting, while in English"degustation" is used for a tasting event or party, as in wine or cheese tasting.déjà vu Literal meaning: already seen. This is a grammatical structure in French, as in "Je l'ai déjà vu"=> I'vealready seen it. It can also disparage a style or technique that has already been done, as in "Son styleest déjà vu" => His style is not original.In English, déjà vu refers to the scientific phenomenon of feeling like you have already seen or donesomething when you're sure that you haven't.demimonde Literal meaning: half world. 1. A marginal or disrespectful group . 2. Prostitutes and/or kept women.demitasse Literal meaning: half cup. Refers to a small cup of espresso or other strong coffee.DémodéLiteral meaning: out of fashion. Same meaning in both languages: outmoded, out of fashion.de rigueur Literal meaning: of rigueur. Socially or culturally obligatory.dernier cri Literal meaning: last cry. The newest fashion or trend.de trop Literal meaning: of too much. Excessive, superfluous.double entendre Literal meaning: double hearing. A word play or pun. For example, you're looking at a field of sheepand you say "How are you (ewe)?"du jour Literal meaning: of the day. "Soup du jour" is nothing more than an elegant-sounding version of"soup of the day."

http://www-math.uni-paderborn.de/dictionaries/Dictionaries.html

http://www.ncta.org/html/archtop.html


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eau de toilette Literal meaning: toilet water. Toilet here does not refer to a commode; see toilette, below. Eau detoilette is a very weak perfume.

encore Literal meaning: again. A simple adverb in French, "encore" in English refers to an additionalperformance, usually requested with audience applause.enfant terrible Literal meaning: terrible child. Refers to a troublesome or embarrassing person within a group (ofartists, thinkers, etc).en garde Literal meaning: on guard. Warning that one should be on his/her guard, ready for an attack(originally in fencing).en masse Literal meaning: in mass. In a group, all together.en route Literal meaning: on route. On the way.en suite

Literal meaning: in sequence. Part of a set, together.esprit de corps Literal meaning: group spirit. Similar to team spirit or morale.(to be continued)

Doctoral Degrees The doctoral degree is designed to train research scholars and, in many cases, future college anduniversity faculty members. Receipt of a doctoral degree certifies that the student has demonstratedcapacity as a trained research scholar in a specific discipline.At the doctoral level, the Ph.D. (doctor of philosophy) is the most common degree awarded inacademic disciplines.Other doctoral degrees are awarded primarily in professional fields, such as Education (Ed.D. orDoctor of Education) and Business Administration (D.B.A. or Doctor of Business Administration).Doctoral programs involve advanced coursework, seminars, and the writing of a dissertation thatdescribes the student's own original research, completed under the supervision of a faculty adviser.A comprehensive examination is given, usually after three to five years of study and completion of allcoursework, and when the student and adviser agree that the student is ready. This exam is designedto test the student's ability to use knowledge gained through courses and independent study in acreative and original way. Students must demonstrate a comprehensive understanding of theirchosen field of study. Successful completion of this examination marks the end of the student'scoursework and the beginning of concentration on research.The Ph.D. degree is awarded to those students who complete an original piece of significantresearch, write a dissertation describing that research, and successfully defend their work before apanel of faculty members who specialize in the discipline. This may take an additional two to threeyears. To earn a doctoral degree, therefore, may take anywhere from five to eight years beyond thebachelor's degree, depending on the field of study.In the U.S, you will find a variety of nontraditional doctoral programs; these programs might havevery different types of requirements from the traditional programs. Prospective students should besure of what is required to enter any program they are considering, and what is required to obtain thedegree. This information is usually available from university catalogs and Web sites or directly fromindividual departments.

11/2004

CONFUSABLE WORDS: country – nation - state A country is a geographical area recognized as a separate political unit. Most countries have theirown independent governments. ( In the last few days there have been riots all round the country).You use nation to refer to a country that has political independence, its own government, and its own






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social structures. Nation is used in a more formal language, and is often used to talk about the peopleof a country. You do not use nation simply to refer to a place. You use country instead. ( Almostevery western nation has had its era of revolution or civil war.).

You use state to refer to a country when you are considering it in terms of its political organizationand structure. ( The Latin American stares maintained their independence.States ca also be administrative areas within a country.RECOMMENDED URLS

http://www.owlnet.rice.edu/~ling215/NewWords/page1.html

http://www.onelook.com/ FRENCH TERMS ANDEXPRESSIONS COMMONLYUSED IN ENGLISH ( cont.)fait accompli Literal meaning: done deed. Fait accompli seems more fatalistic to me than done deed, which is sofactual.faux Literal meaning: false, fake. I once saw an ad for "genuine faux pearls." No worries that those pearlsmight be real, I guess - you were guaranteed fake ones. :-)faux pas Literal meaning: false step, trip. Something that should not be done, a foolish mistake.femme fatale Literal meaning: deadly woman. An alluring, mysterious woman who seduces men intocompromising situations.fiancé Literal meaning: fiancée. engaged person, betrothed. Note that fiancé refers to a man and fiancée to awoman.film noir Literal meaning: black movie. Black is used here in the sense of morbid or depressing, as in blackhumour.finale Literal meaning: final.In French, this can refer to either the final in sport (e.g., quarter-final, semi-final) or the finale of aplay. In English, it can only mean the latter.fin de siècle Literal meaning: end of the century. Hyphenated in English, fin-de-siècle refers to the end of the 19thcentury.fleur-de-lis, fleur-de-lys Literal meaning: flower of lily. A type of iris or an emblem in the shape of an iris with three petals.folie à deux Literal meaning: craziness for two. Mental disorder which occurs simultaneously in two people with aclose relationship or association.force majeure Literal meaning: greater force. Refers to superior/greater force, or to an unexpected or uncontrollableevent.gamine Literal meaning: playful,little girl. Refers to an impish or playful girl/woman.gauche Literal meaning: left, awkward. Tactless, lacking social grace.genre Literal meaning: type. Used mostly in art and film - "I really like this genre..."

haute couture Literal meaning: high sewing. High-class, fancy (and expensive) clothing styles.haute cuisine Literal meaning: high cooking. High-class, fancy (and expensive) cooking or food.

hors de combat


http://www.onelook.com/










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Literal meaning: out of combat. Out of action.hors d'oeuvre Literal meaning: outside of work. An appetizer. Oeuvre here refers to the main work (course), so hors

d'oeuvre simply means something besides the main course.idée fixe Literal meaning: set idea. Fixation, obsession.je ne sais quoi Literal meaning: I don't know what. Used to indicate a "certain something," as in "I really like Ann.She has a certain je ne sais quoi that I find very appealing."joie de vivre Literal meaning: joy of living. The quality in people who live life to the fullest.laissez-faire Literal meaning: let it be. A policy of non-interference.

A WORD A DAY... KEEPS IGNORANCE AWAY!!Dunkirk n 1: a retreat to avoid total defeat *2: a crisis situation that requires a desperate last effort to forestallcertain failure*Legislators feared a recession, and they hoped that if that economic Dunkirk struck they would beable to find a quick solution to avert financial disaster.Garrison finish n: a finish in which the winner comes from behind at the endThe spectators leaped to their feet as the gray colt raced from the back of the pack, passed theleader, and came in first in a breathtaking Garrison finish.small beern 1: weak or inferior beer *2: something of small importance : trivia*The misspelling of my name in the graduation program was small beer compared with the samemisspelling on my diploma.flummox v: to confuseOn our way back to our hotel, we took a wrong turn somewhere and got completely flummoxedamong the narrow alleys, all of which began to look the same.quixotic adj *1: foolishly impractical especially in the pursuit of ideals 2: capricious, unpredictable*Sean went off into the Alaskan wilderness with a quixotic plan to be totally self-reliant but ended upbeing rescued by an Inuit family.

12/2004

CONFUSABLE WORDS: please, thank you, thanks You say please when you are politely asking for something or asking someone to do something. (Can

I have my book back please?).You also use please when accepting an offer in a polite way. (Would you like a cup of tea? – Yes,please.)You say thank you or thanks to show that you are grateful for something that someone has given youor done for you. Thanks is more informal than thank you. (Thank you for a delicious lunch).You also say thank you or thanks when accepting an offer, because you are grateful for the offer.(Help yourself to sugar. – Thanks).You say no, thank you or no, thanks when you are refusing an offer in a polite way. (Would you likesome milk? – No thanks / thank you).You can also refuse an offer by using thank you or thanks with a phrase such as “I am all right or I’mfine.”NB: Note that you do not use “ Thank you “ or “ Thanks” on its own to refuse an offer.RECOMMENDED URLS






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Universidad de Oviedo: ETS Ingenieros de Minas: http://www.etsimo.uniovi.es/links/idiomas.html The Phrase Finder: phrases, sayings, quotes and clichés http://phrases.shu.ac.uk/ Dictionaries: http://stommel.tamu.edu/~baum/hyperref.html#dictionaries

NEWSPAPERS.COM: http://www.newspapers.com FRENCH TERMS ANDEXPRESSIONS COMMONLYUSED IN ENGLISH (cont.) maître d', maître d'hôtel Literal meaning: master of, master of hotel . The former is more common in English, which is strangesince it is incomplete: "The 'master of' will show you to your table."mal de mer Literal meaning: sickness of sea. Seasicknessmatinée Literal meaning: morning. In English, refers to the day's first showing of a movie or play. Can alsorefer to a midday romp with one's lover.mot juste Literal meaning: right word. Exactly the right word or expression.nom de plume

Literal meaning: pen name. No longer used in French.née Literal meaning: born. Used in genealogy to refer to a woman's maiden name: Anne Miller née (ornee) Smith.nouveau riche Literal meaning: new rich. Disparaging term for someone who has recently come into money.papier mâché Literal meaning: mashed paper. Used for artpar excellence Literal meaning: by excellence. Quintessential, preeminent, the best of the bestpetite Literal meaning: small, short. It may sound chic, but petit is simply the feminine French adjective"short."

petit-four Literal meaning: little ovenSmall dessert, especially cakepièce de résistance Literal meaning: piece of stamina. In French, this originally referred to the main course - the test ofyour stomach's stamina. In both languages, it now refers to an outstanding accomplishment or thefinal part of something - a project, a meal, etc.pied-à-terre Literal meaning: foot on ground. A temporary or secondary place of residence.protégé Literal meaning: protected. Someone whose training is sponsored by an influential person.raison d'être Literal meaning: reason for being. Purpose, justification for existing

rendez-vous Literal meaning: go to. In French, this refers to a date or an appointment (literally, it is the verb serendre - to go - in the imperative); in English we can use it as a noun or a verb (let's rendez-vous at8pm).repartee Literal meaning: quick, accurate response. The French repartie gives us the English "repartee," withthe same meaning of a swift, witty, and "right on" retort.risqué Literal meaning: risked. Suggestive, overly provocativeroman-fleuve Literal meaning: novel river. A long, multi-volume novel which presents the history of severalgenerations of a family or community. In both French and English, saga tends to be used more.rouge

http://www.etsimo.uniovi.es/links/idiomas.html

http://phrases.shu.ac.uk/

http://stommel.tamu.edu/~baum/hyperref.html#dictionaries

http://www.newspapers.com/

http://www.newspapers.com/

http://stommel.tamu.edu/~baum/hyperref.html#dictionaries

http://phrases.shu.ac.uk/

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Literal meaning: red. The English refers to a reddish cosmetic or metal/glass-polishing powder, andcan be a noun or a verb.RSVP

Literal meaning: respond please. This abbreviation stands for Répondez, s'il vous plaît, which meansthat "Please RSVP" is redundant.sang-froid Literal meaning: cold blood. The ability to maintain one's composure.sans Literal meaning: without. Used mainly in academia, although it's also seen in the font style "sansserif" => without decorative flourishes.savoir-faire Literal meaning: knowing how to do. Synonymous with tact or social grace.soi-disant Literal meaning: self saying. What one claims about oneself; so-called, allegedsoigné Literal meaning: taken care of. 1. Sophisticated, elegant, fashionable. 2. Well-groomed, polished,

refined.soirée Literal meaning: evening. In English, refers to an elegant party.soupçon Literal meaning: suspicion. Used figuratively like hint: There's just a soupçon of garlic in the soup.souvenir Literal meaning: memory, keepsake. A mementotableau vivant Literal meaning: living picture. A scene made up of silent, motionless actorstable d'hôte Literal meaning: host table. 1. A table for all guests to sit together . 2. A fixed-price meal with multiplecourses.tête-à-tête

Literal meaning: head to head. A private talk or visit with another persontoilette Literal meaning: toilet. In French, this refers both to the toilet itself and anything related to toiletries;thus the expression "to do one's toilette" - brush hair, do makeup, etc. See eau de toilette, above.touché Literal meaning: touched. Originally used in fencing, now equivalent to "you got me."tour de force Literal meaning: turn of strength. Something which takes a great deal of strength or skill toaccomplish.trompe l'oeil Literal meaning: trick the eye. A painting style which uses perspective to trick the eye into thinking itis real. In French, trompe l'oeil can also refer in general to artifice and trickery.vis-à-vis (de)

Literal meaning: face to face. In French, vis-à-vis must be followed by the preposition de. Used inEnglish to mean "compared to" or "in relation with": His feelings vis-à-vis my ideas are irrelevant.vol-au-ventLiteral meaning: flight of the wind. In both French and English, a vol-au-vent is a very light pastryshell filled with meat or fish with sauce.French has also given English scores of words in the domains of ballet and cooking. The literalmeanings of the French words are (in parentheses).Ballet terms: barre (bar), chaîné (chained), chassé (chased), développé (developed), effacé (shaded),pas de deux (two step), pirouette (turn), plié (bent), relevé (lifted)....Cooking terms: blanch (from blanchir => to bleach), sauté (fried over high heat), fondue (melted),purée (crushed), flambée (burned).... (The end.)






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¿Cuántas veces hemos oído en la radio, en la televisión, en una clase, en un discurso, en elautobús, en la oficina o en casa expresiones y palabras que nos suenan fatal? ¿Cuántas vecesnos hemos preguntado cómo es posible que se hable tan mal, que se maltrate nuestra lenguaespañola con tal impunidad? ¿Cuántas veces cometemos errores y no lo sabemos y cuando noestamos seguros en donde buscar resolver tantas dudas? No se pierdan este sitio en la red...¡se sorprenderan!

http://cvc.cervantes.es/alhabla/museo_horrores/museo_001.htm

Indice de temas:A nivel deDuodécimo/decimosegundo/doceavo Superlativo Dar un giro de 360 grados Se baraja la hipótesisAcuerdos puntualesDeber/deber deÁlgido Porque/por que/porqué/por quéDequeísmo/queísmoUso de las letras mayúsculasNominar, nominación, nominado Aun/aúnEn loor de multitudesDestornillarse de risaCamisa a rayas, cocina a gas Adelante/delante Lívido Enfrentar/enfrentarse Así mismo, asimismo y a sí mismo Acentuación de las palabras compuestas *Dijistes, *vinistesÉste, este, esto

Alegréme o me alegréDetrás de mí/*detrás míoAccesible/asequibleEn breves minutos/Tras largas horas Acentuación de monosílabos: ¿fue o fué? *Habían muchas personasHalla, haya, aya Cualesquiera/*cualquieras Ortografía de la letra j: ¿garage o garaje? Leísmo, laísmo y loísmo Cuanto más/*contra másPor el contrario/*por contraImperativo

¿A Coruña o La Coruña? ¿London o Londres?



















































































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¿Impreso o imprimido? ¿Freído o frito?*En base a¿Guion o guión?

Remarcar¿Cayóse o cayose?Deleznable y despreciable Israelí e israelitaInterfecto Inicializar¿Insalud o Insálud? A las doce del mediodía/A las doce de la medianoche¿3 de enero de 2000/3 de enero del 2000? *Afrentar muchas dificultades Jugar un papel importante Policía de Denver: «No cruses la línea» ¿Policía local o Policía Local?

¿«Informar de que» o «Informar que»?









































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I Ti (que no tí) ¿Hábitat o hábitats para el plural?

Otra vez sobre «A las doce del mediodía»/«A las doce de la media noche»Sino y si no...Agua en el agua *Élite o eliteDe los sus ojosAdonde, a donde, adónde Inflación de corrección Prever es ver con antelación Oír o escuchar¿Puede un futbolista romperse un tobillo ajeno? Source: Cobuild Collins – confusbale words y varios.

























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