newswaves - montana water · the full fracking paper created by the task force is found in the link...

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WINTER/SPRING 2015 NewsWaves Welcome to Billings! Welcome to Billings and the Joint Conference of the MSAWWA and MWEA. We know this conference will be informative and full of valuable information for you as you continue to grow in your water and wastewater career. In addition to the conference, the Billings area has so much to offer for everyone. Whether you are an outdoor enthusiast, dedicated shopper, or history buff, this City has something for you. If you like to play, you’re sure to enjoy Billings’ playgrounds. From the Rimrocks to the free- flowing Yellowstone River, you can walk the dog, ride your bike, play numerous rounds of golf, visit one of the many local award -winning breweries and enjoy the beauty of Billings’ big sky. The recreational opportunities this time of year are endless, with hiking available in the nearby Beartooth Mountains, rafting and world class fly fishing in one of several area rivers less than a one-hour drive away. If you want to see the countryside from your vehicle, take a drive to the Beartooth Scenic Byway or south of Columbus in the Stillwater River area where the scenery will never disappoint. Those interested in history can visit Pompey’s Pillar along the Lewis and Clark Trail just 25 miles east of Billings, or take I -90 southeast to visit the Little Bighorn National Monument. After your day of fun, come to Billings and enjoy a first class dinner at one of the many first class restaurants. If you have a few extra days, Yellowstone National Park is just a few hours away and is home to some of the world’s most incredible scenic and geological wonders. We hope you enjoy the conference and the hospitality that Billings and the area has to offer! Your MSAWWA/MWEA 2015 Host City Committee—Greg Lukasik, Chair 2015 MSAWWA-MWEA Annual Joint Conference “Working Together To Protect Montana’s Water Resources” 90th Meeting of the Montana Section of the American Water Works Association 71st Meeting of the Montana Water Environment Association May 5—7, 2015 in Billings, Montana MWEA PRECONFERENCE THEME: “Wastewater Pretreatment” An Invitation to the Conference from your MSAWWA Chair and MWEA President It is once again time to meet up at our Joint MSAWWA-MWEA Conference! The conference will be held in Billings on May 5 th through 7 th at the Holiday Inn Grand. This year’s preconference is sponsored by MWEA and will provide a full day of varied and interesting talks on the subject of “Wastewater Pretreatment.” The conference itself has its recurring theme of “ Working Together to Protect Montana’s Water Resources, ” and the wide range of water-related topics and backgrounds of speakers clearly reflect this theme. There will be presentations on drinking water, wastewater, and other closely -related topics. Our speakers cover the gamut of the industry - with vendors, consultants, utilities, and governmental agencies all volunteering their time to present subjects of their interest and expertise to you. We believe our conference provides the best value in the region and our committees are working to keep it that way. Besides providing new information in the water field, this conference affords attendees the opportunity to network with other professionals sharing the same interests and facing the same issues. It is also a great way to earn continuing education credits. The Annual Conference is the highlight activity for our organizations – both professionally and socially. It provides us with the income to offer scholarships, sustain our operations, and promote water quality issues. You truly won’t want to miss this year’s conference! On behalf of the MSAWWA and MWEA boards and the organizing committees, we hope to see you in Billings! Greg Lukasik, MSAWWA Chair & Michele Marsh, MWEA President

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Page 1: NewsWaves - Montana Water · The full fracking paper created by the Task Force is found in the link at the end of the article. Elizabeth can be reached at econway@wef.org. Hydraulic

WINTER/SPRING 2015

NewsWaves

Welcome to Billings! Welcome to Billings and the Joint Conference of the MSAWWA and MWEA. We know this conference will be informative and full of valuable information for you as you continue to grow in your water and wastewater career. In addition to the conference, the Billings area has so much to offer for everyone. Whether you are an outdoor enthusiast, dedicated shopper, or history buff, this City has something for you. If you like to play, you’re sure to enjoy Billings’ playgrounds. From the Rimrocks to the free-flowing Yellowstone River, you can walk the dog, ride your bike, play numerous rounds of golf, visit one of the many local award-winning breweries and enjoy the beauty of Billings’ big sky. The recreational opportunities this time of year are endless, with hiking available in the nearby Beartooth Mountains, rafting and world class fly fishing in one of several area rivers less than a one-hour drive away. If you want to see the countryside from your vehicle, take a drive to the Beartooth Scenic Byway or south of Columbus in the Stillwater River area where the scenery will never disappoint. Those interested in history can visit Pompey’s Pillar along the Lewis and Clark Trail just 25 miles east of Billings, or take I-90 southeast to visit the Little Bighorn National Monument. After your day of fun, come to Billings and enjoy a first class dinner at one of the many first class restaurants. If you

have a few extra days, Yellowstone National Park is just a few hours away and is home to some of the world’s most incredible scenic and geological wonders. We hope you enjoy the conference and the hospitality that Billings and

the area has to offer! • Your MSAWWA/MWEA 2015 Host City Committee—Greg Lukasik, Chair

2015 MSAWWA-MWEA Annual Joint Conference “Working Together To Protect Montana’s Water Resources” 90th Meeting of the Montana Section of the American Water Works Association

71st Meeting of the Montana Water Environment Association May 5—7, 2015 in Billings, Montana

MWEA PRECONFERENCE THEME: “Wastewater Pretreatment”

An Invitation to the Conference from your MSAWWA Chair and MWEA President It is once again time to meet up at our Joint MSAWWA-MWEA Conference! The conference will be held in Billings on May 5

th

through 7th at the Holiday Inn Grand. This year’s preconference is sponsored by MWEA and will provide a full day of varied and

interesting talks on the subject of “Wastewater Pretreatment.” The conference itself has its recurring theme of “Working Together to Protect Montana’s Water Resources,” and the wide range of water-related topics and backgrounds of speakers clearly reflect this theme. There will be presentations on drinking water, wastewater, and other closely-related topics. Our speakers cover the gamut of the industry - with vendors, consultants, utilities, and governmental agencies all volunteering their time to present subjects of their interest and expertise to you. We believe our conference provides the best value in the region and our committees are working to keep it that way. Besides providing new information in the water field, this conference affords attendees the opportunity to network with other professionals sharing the same interests and facing the same issues. It is also a great way to earn continuing education credits. The Annual Conference is the highlight activity for our organizations – both professionally and socially. It provides us with the income to offer scholarships, sustain our operations, and promote water quality issues. You truly won’t want to miss this year’s conference! On behalf of the MSAWWA and MWEA boards and the organizing committees, we hope to see you in Billings!

• Greg Lukasik, MSAWWA Chair & Michele Marsh, MWEA President

Page 2: NewsWaves - Montana Water · The full fracking paper created by the Task Force is found in the link at the end of the article. Elizabeth can be reached at econway@wef.org. Hydraulic

Inside: 2015 Joint Conference Tentative Schedule Joint Conference Registration links 2014-2015 MSAWWA-MWEA Boards

• 2014-2015 MSAWWA-MWEA Committee Chairs

Direct links to advertisers—just click ‘n go!

NewsWaves—Page 2

NewsWaves is a publication of the Montana Section of the American Water Works Association and is published twice yearly. It is available for viewing or printing on our website at: www.montana-awwa.org.

We welcome contributions to NewsWaves. For more information, contact:

Robin Matthews-Barnes PO Box 582

Seeley Lake, MT 59868 Phone: 406-546-5496 Fax: 866-754-1558

E-mail: [email protected]

Mission of Montana Section AWWA

The Montana Section of American Water Works Association is dedicated to the promotion of public health and welfare in the provision of drinking water of unquestionable quality and sufficient quantity. Montana Section of AWWA will provide the forum and opportunity through which its membership can exchange information, learn of new issues and technologies, educate the public, and enhance the professionalism of workers in

all areas of the water industry.

Page 3: NewsWaves - Montana Water · The full fracking paper created by the Task Force is found in the link at the end of the article. Elizabeth can be reached at econway@wef.org. Hydraulic

NewsWaves—Page 3

Page 4: NewsWaves - Montana Water · The full fracking paper created by the Task Force is found in the link at the end of the article. Elizabeth can be reached at econway@wef.org. Hydraulic

NewsWaves—Page 4

~Joint Scholarship Fund Raffle~ Thank you to DOWL, Great West Engineering, Interstate Engineering, and Morrison-Maierle, Inc. for their generous donations for this years’ raffle to help fund the Donald G. Willems Joint Scholarship. 1st prize is a $500 gift certificate to Big Sky Resort that can be used anytime PLUS a bonus 2 night stay for 2 people at Huntley Lodge that can be used in the summer 2015 season. 2nd prize is a $100 gift certificate to Cabelas and 3rd prize is a $100 gift certificate to Scheels. Tickets are available for purchase at the Joint Conference or by contacting Coralynn Revis by email at: [email protected]. The drawings will take place at the banquet on Wednesday evening of the Joint Conference. You need not be present to win. Ticket prices are $5/each or 5 tickets for $20. Buy your tickets to help fund a scholarship for a deserving student!

Mission of the Montana Water

Environment Association

The Montana Water Environment Association (MWEA) is a non-profit organization dedicated to the preservation and enhancement of Montana’s water environment. The Association is committed to advancing science and education, disseminating technical information, increasing public understanding and promoting sound public policy in the water quality and water resources field.

MONTANA WATER ENVIRONMENT ASSOCIATION OPERATOR SCHOLARSHIPS

The Montana Water Environment Association (MWEA) has

allocated funds to certified operators looking for assistance in

paying for continuing education and/or training event costs.

Applicants must complete a scholarship application one month

ahead of the training session they plan to attend, and awards

of up to $500 can be realized by each applicant. When

approved in advance, the award money can be used to pay for

the actual training as well as other miscellaneous costs

associated with attending. Applicants must be a Montana

certified operator or operator in training. Applications are

available through the Montana Environmental Training Center

(METC) or can be obtained by emailing MWEA Secretary/

Treasurer, Dana Audet at [email protected].

A scholarship was awarded last October for a potential

operator to attend Fall Water School in Bozeman. The

applicant has an environmental science education and was

interested in returning to her hometown in a rural part of

Montana. The scholarship allowed her to experience what the

water and wastewater field entails and to prepare and train for

the certification exams. Her goal is to be hired as a backup

operator for her hometown and possibly neighboring

communities, working to improve, preserve, and protect

Montana’s water resources.

Page 5: NewsWaves - Montana Water · The full fracking paper created by the Task Force is found in the link at the end of the article. Elizabeth can be reached at econway@wef.org. Hydraulic

Are You Ordering Books from AWWA?

If so, please place your order through Robin Matthews-Barnes, MSAWWA Executive Secretary. MSAWWA receives credit for your order. The cost is the same to you, but MSAWWA gets a bonus.

THANK YOU!!!

Water For People Silent Auction & Raffle

Thank You! Great West Engineering, R.L. Winston Rod Co., and Montana Fly Goods for again donating the fly rod and reel for the Water For People raffle that will take place at the conference. The combo is a Winston 8’ 6” 4 wt Boron III-LS 4 piece fly rod with Sage 4540 series reel. Retail value is $1,170.00. Tickets are $10.00 each and can be purchased at the Joint Conference or by contacting Carrie Gardner at [email protected] The drawing for the rod/reel will take place at the banquet on Wednesday evening of the Joint Conference. You need not be present to win. ALSO—Please consider donating an item to the WFP silent raffle—any item, big or small, is appreciated! Contact Robin Matthews-Barnes for more information: [email protected]

NewsWaves—Page 5

Your Source for

Total Water Solutions®

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NewsWaves—Page 6

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NewsWaves—Page 7

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NewsWaves—Page 8

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NewsWaves—Page 9

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NewsWaves—Page 10

2015 AWWA/WEF S & YP Summit—Austin, TX ~Dave Carlson, AE2S Inc.—MSAWWA/MWEA Student & Young Professional Committee Chair~

In February 2015, the American Water Works Association (AWWA) and Water Environmental Federation (WEF) hosted its annual Student and Young Professional (S&YP) Summit in Austin Texas. The intent of the 2015 S&YP Summit was to provide S&YP focused program and training for S&YP’s working in the water industry. Guest speakers included AWWA President-Elect Gene Koontz, WEF President Ed McCormick, and former AWWA President Glenda Dunn, as well as water representatives from the organizations of District of Columbia Water and Sewer Authority, Anchorage Water and Wastewater Utility, and the City of Waco. Topics included the importance of water industry connections, public relations, keys to success in the public water sector, working across generational boundaries, career development, understanding professionalism, and utility management. In addition to the S&YP Summit, the AWWA hosted a S&YP Chair Training Workshop which was designed to collaborate and compare AWWA S&YP involvement programs across the Nation. This interactive workshop discussed valuable topics for S&YP programs such as poster competitions, how to host a plant tour, social media networking, student chapters, budgeting, AWWA resources, and roles and responsibilities. A substantial number of Sections participated in the AWWA S&YP Chair Training event, including Montana. Guest speakers included AWWA President-Elect Gene Koontz, Manny Teodoro, PhD Texas A&M, and numerous YP Chairs from across the

Nation. This training was a valuable workshop and the MSAWWA/MWEA S&YP Joint Committee is excited to bring some ideas back to Montana for consideration.

The Montana Section of the AWWA and WEA S&YP Joint Committee has a strategic objective to recruit, educate, and involve S&YP’s into the AWWA/WEA organizations. By fostering and providing a network to members early in their careers, this can result in long term membership throughout their entire career. A special thanks to the MSAWWA/MWEA Boards for their support of David Carlson’s, S&YP Committee Chair, attendance at both National S&YP events. For more information, please plan on attending the S&YP Joint Committee Presentation during the upcoming May MSAWWA/MWEA Joint Conference in Billings, MT. The presentation will relay the initiatives and ideas learned at the National S&YP Summit. In addition, the presentation will provide an overview of the S&YP committee and educate members on involvement opportunities, poster competitions, and potential for student involvement. For more information or to join the Joint SYP Committee, please contact Dave Carlson at [email protected]

Page 11: NewsWaves - Montana Water · The full fracking paper created by the Task Force is found in the link at the end of the article. Elizabeth can be reached at econway@wef.org. Hydraulic

NewsWaves—Page 11

MA Newsletters Article – February 2015

Should Your Facility Accept Fracking Wastewater? By the WEF Fracking Task Force, as edited by Elizabeth Conway. Elizabeth is the Com-mittee Coordinator at the Water Environment Federation (Alexandria, Va.). The full fracking paper created by the Task Force is found in the link at the end of the article. Elizabeth can be reached at [email protected]. Hydraulic fracturing, commonly referred to as fracking, is conducted at shale formation locations throughout the United States to in-crease production of natural gas. The fracking process requires a large amount of water (flowback, production, and drilling) thereby producing wastewater that must be either disposed of, stored, or treated. Due to the constituents contained in the wastewater, treat-ment poses problems for water resource recovery facilities (WRRFs). Several considerations and preparations should be made by a WRRF prior to accepting such wastewater. Nontypical wastewater pollutants The largest concern for WRRFs is typically the high salinity of fracking wastewater, measured in total dissolved solids (TDS). In addi-tion, fracking wastewater can contain high levels of fluid additives, metals, and naturally occurring radioactive materials. The constitu-ents are often at levels not typically found in WRRF influent.

Fracking wastewater quality can vary significantly, depending on pretreatment, if any. It is also important to know the vol-ume, frequency, and delivery method of the material. A clearer picture of these constituents and characteristics can be obtained by enrolling the fracking operation in an industrial influent management program. Through such a program, the WRRF should be able to control the receipt of fracking water by setting pretreatment quality specifications.

Regulations for fracking wastewater States and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) share responsibility for regulating treatment and disposal of

wastewater from shale-gas extraction under National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES). In October 2011, EPA an-nounced a schedule to develop categorical effluent standards for wastewater discharges produced by natural gas extraction from un-derground coal-bed and shale formations. EPA will publish the Final 2014 Effluent Guidelines Program Plan after incorporating feed-back gathered during the public comment period, which ended November 2014.

Several states have developed or will be developing their own rules for the acceptance of fracking water at WRRFs (see http://www2.epa.gov/hydraulicfracturing). Some state regulators are also imposing new regulations on WRRF discharges to protect aquatic organisms and drinking water purveyors from excess concentrations of effluent constituents such as TDS in receiving water-bodies.

Each WRRF should discuss current NPDES requirements and other regulations for accepting water from fracking operations with its state regulatory agency and EPA before accepting fracking wastewater to ensure that the latest regulatory requirements (such as permitting, additional monitoring, and effluent discharge limits) are identified. Also, it is best to engage the regulatory community as soon as possible in an open discussion of the current and planned regulatory requirements for fracking wastewater treatment at a WRRF.

Confirm WRRF’s ability to treat wastewater Once a WRRF understands potential influent constituents and what is needed to achieve consistent compliance with its

NPDES permit, the WRRF should carefully review its ability to continue optimal operations with additional loading. The WRRF should review control processes and understand the potential impact of fracking wastewater on the facility, and in particular, the stability of operations in light of projected salt levels and concentration variability. Also to be considered are potential changes on the biosolids quality due to constituents that are removed from the liquid stream.

More resources available In summary, prior to accepting fracking water at a WRRF, four steps should be followed: Determine the fracking wastewater constituents, volume, frequency, and proposed delivery method.

Determine the type of pretreatment the fracking water has undergone. Discuss NPDES requirements and other regulations with the state regulatory agency and EPA. Consider the effects on both final effluent quality and biosolids.

For more information, download the fact sheet Considerations for Accepting Fracking Wastewater at Water Resource Recovery Facili-ties, which discusses in further detail each of the four steps listed above, definitions, and quantitative data as well as references and links to more information.

“The information provided in this article is designed to be educational. It is not intended to provide any type of professional advice including without

limitation legal, accounting, or engineering. Your use of the information provided here is voluntary and should be based on your own evaluation and analysis of its accuracy, appropriateness for your use, and any potential risks of using the information. The Water Environment Federation (WEF), author and the publisher of this article assume no liability of any kind with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness of use for a particular purpose. Any references included are provided for informational purposes only and do not constitute endorsement of any sources

Page 12: NewsWaves - Montana Water · The full fracking paper created by the Task Force is found in the link at the end of the article. Elizabeth can be reached at econway@wef.org. Hydraulic

2015 JOINT CONFERENCE REGISTRATION INFORMATION ****Early bird deadline for registration is April 25th****

Please go to http://www.montana-awwa.org/2015-joint-conference/ for more information and to fill out the registration form, or simply click on the link below. You will have a choice to register and pay by check or register and pay by credit or debit card. See the website for more detail. Please contact Robin Matthews-Barnes at [email protected] with any questions, or if you would like a hard copy of the registration form mailed to you, or emailed directly to you.

Click here for attendee registration to pay by mailing a check

Click here to for attendee registration to pay with debit or credit card

For lodging reservations—please call the Holiday Inn Grand—406-248-7701 and mention

the conference to obtain the conference rate of $83/night (traditional wing), not including applicable taxes. Reservations need to be made by April 15, 2015 to guarantee group discount.

NewsWaves—Page 12

EXCITING ACTIVITIES AT THE CONFERENCE AGAIN THIS YEAR!

Pub-style Trivia Challenge—It was so fun that it is happening again! Are you super savvy on

toilet bowl minutiae or wastewater treatment nuggets??? Is your brain packed with clean water factoids and distribution system details? Then join us in the main Exhibitor Area during the Thursday morning break with your team of 4-5 to challenge friends, competitors, and coworkers in a pub style trivia wager of wits. There will be a great prize for members of the winning team! Rules: Teams will be made of 4-5 members. Answer sheet will be provided to each team. No electronic devices or any type of outside sources are allowed. Teams that are reported using any

outside devices will be disqualified.

Taste Test Challenge—Here is your chance to take home the honors! Do you think your city’s

tap water is the best around? Do you frequently brag to your friends and relatives about how wonderful the water is in your community? Well we are again taking it to the judges to crown an official winner of the 2nd Annual Best Tap Water Taste Test Competition. Bring your community pride and come support your city in the competition!!! The Taste Test Challenge will take place in the Exhibitor Area during the Thursday morning break. The winning system will compete at the national level at ACE15 in June. Rules: Participant must not have incurred any state or federal drinking water violations (MCL, monitoring,

recordkeeping, etc.) during the previous 12 months. Samples should be brought in glass containers with the name of the water system clearly identified and

delivered to Robin Matthews-Barnes at the front desk by 5 pm on Wednesday of the conference. Samples will be served at room temperature to help the judges better assess each sample. Judging for the People's Choice award will be open to all attendees. The official judging panel will be a mix of local public figures and flavor-profile analyzers. Samples will be judged on a 10-point scale from Good (1) to Best (10).

Scores will be tabulated and the winner will be announced immediately following the contest.

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NewsWaves—Page 13

MWEA PRECONFERENCE “Wastewater Pretreatment”

Tuesday—May 5, 2015 7:00 am—5:00 pm Registration desk open 8:00 am—5:00 pm All day session including lunch 5:00 pm—6:30 pm Ice-Breaker Sponsored by Exhibitors

Preconference Session—Room location: Bighorn Center (Lewis & Clark/Yellowstone/Bighorn)

Moderators: Amy Deitchler, Great West Engineering, Inc.

8:00—9:00 Overview of Pretreatment—Big and Small— Lisa Kusnierz, EPA/Stephanie DeJong, EPA

9:00—9:15 BREAK (credit is available for 1 break in the morning)

9:15—10:45 Why FOG is Pretreatment – POTW Impacts — Vince Chavez, Clean Water Services

10:45—11:00 BREAK (credit is available for 1 break in the morning)

11:00—11:45 Great Falls Pretreatment Program— Mike Jacobson, City of Great Falls

11:45—12:45 Lunch (included in registration fee) Location: tbd

12:45—1:30 Managing Hazardous Waste Generated at Radiator Repair Shops — tbd

1:30—2:30 Arsenic Treatment at the West Yellowstone Airport — Slim Miller, CDM Smith

2:30—2:45 BREAK (credit is available for 1 break in the afternoon)

2:45—3:30 Oil Well Water Waste and Disposal— Bill DeMeyer, Tellus Hydrocarbon

3:30—4:15 Hurdles of Permitting-Phillips 66 Refinery— Boris Krizek, City of Billings

4:15—4:30 BREAK (credit is available for 1 break in the afternoon)

4:30—5:00 Q&A/Panel Discussion—

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NewsWaves—Page 14

CEC Information—Approximately 7.5 hours of training will be available for attendance at the preconference & 11 hours of training will be available for attendance at the conference, with a possible additional two hours for attendance at the Thursday afternoon facility tours. Actual number of credit hours are awaiting MT DEQ approval. Additional information & CEC forms will be included in your registration packet at the conference.

MSAWWA-MWEA 2015 JOINT CONFERENCE “Working Together To Protect Montana’s Water Resources”

Wednesday—May 6, 2015 7:00 am—8:00 am Early Morning Break (Exhibitor Area—Bitterroot/Stillwater/Missouri) 7:00 am—5:00 pm Registration desk open (Atrium) 8:00 am—12:00pm Morning General Session (Bighorn Center) 12:00pm—1:00 pm Lunch & Awards (Ralston Room in Convention Center) 1:00 pm—5:15 pm Afternoon Concurrent Sessions 5:30 pm—6:30 pm Beer and Wine Reception Hosted by participating Exhibitors 6:30 pm—8:30 pm Banquet and Awards Water For People Raffle Drawing—donated by Great West Engineering, R.L. Winston Rod Company &

Montana Fly Goods

Fly Rod & Reel—Winston 8’ 6” 4 wt Boron III-LS 4 piece fly rod with Sage 4540 series reel

Water For People Silent Auction items dispersed

Scholarship Fund Raffle Drawing—donated by Interstate Engineering, DOWL HKM, Great West

Engineering, & Morrison-Maierle, Inc.

1st prize: $500 gift certificate to Big Sky Resort that can be used anytime PLUS a bonus 2 night stay for

2 people at Huntley Lodge to be used in the summer 2015 season.

2nd prize:$100 gift certificate to Cabelas

3rd prize: $100 gift certificate to Scheels

8:30 pm—10 pm Come and join in the fun—Casino Night! Texas Hole ‘Em is back and there are

great prizes to bid on with your earnings as a card shark!

Morning General Session

General Session—Room location: Bighorn Center (Lewis & Clark/Yellowstone/Bighorn) Moderators: Greg Lukasik, Great West Engineering, Inc. Michele Marsh, MT DEQ

8:00—8:30 Welcome and Opening Session

Greg Lukasik, MSAWWA Chair/Michele Marsh, MWEA President Thomas Hanel—Mayor of Billings

8:30—9:30 AWWA & WEF Guest Speakers—General remarks followed by an open forum

David Rager, AWWA Treasurer Jenny Hartfelder, WEF Board of Trustees

9:30—10:00 BREAK—Exhibitor Area Location: Bitterroot/Stillwater/Missouri

10:00—10:45 ASCE Montana Infrastructure Report Card— Craig Nowak, Morrison-Maierle, Inc./Shoots Veis, Interstate Engineering, Inc.

10:45—12:00 Gordon Butte Presentation— Rhett Hurless, Absaroka Energy

11:45—1:00 Lunch

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NewsWaves—Page 15

Wednesday Afternoon Concurrent Sessions

Water Sessions—Room location: tbd

Moderator: Collette Anderson, Great West Engineering, Inc.

1:00 – 1:45 Chinook WTP - Challenges with Treating the Milk River— Jeff Ashley, Morrison-Maierle, Inc.

1:45 – 2:30 Small Water Systems and the Standing Water Nightmare— Phyllis Butler Posey, Atlantium

2:30 – 3:00 BREAK – Exhibitor Area

Location: Bitterroot/Stillwater/Missouri

3:00 – 3:45 Treatment of Brackish Water in Central Montana— Todd Kuxhaus, Great West Engineering, Inc.

3:45 – 4:30 Carter Water - A Case Study of Using Cartridge Filtration to Achieve Compli-ance—Matthew Mudd, Great West Engineering, Inc.

4:30 – 5:15 Small-Scale Ultra Filtration Systems: Process Fundamentals, Equipment De-sign Considerations & Case Studies— Dan Dye, Membrane Filtration Group-WesTech Engineering

Wastewater Sessions—Room location: tbd

Moderator: Jeremy Perlinski, Morrison-Maierle, Inc.

1:00 – 1:45 Laurel Montana WWTP Upgrades— Chad Hanson, Great West Engineering, Inc./Mark Maxwell, Tetra Tech

1:45 – 2:30 Improving Biosolids Treatment at the Kalispell AWWTP— Rickey Schultz, HDR Engineering, Inc.

2:30 – 3:00 BREAK – Exhibitor Area Location: Bitterroot/Stillwater/Missouri

3:00 – 3:45 One Probe Controls Them All Plus UV Design at 45% UVT— Travis Meyer, Morrison-Maierle, Inc./Dana Audet, Veolia Water/Craig Caprara, HDR Engineering, Inc.

3:45 – 4:30 Water Sustainability Through Use of Advanced Biological Nutrient Recovery—Rick Johnson, Clearas Water Recovery

4:30 – 5:15 Using SBR Technology to Cost Effectively Accommodate Future BNR Requirements —John Koch, Xylem

Other Wastewater Sessions—Room location: tbd

Moderator: Jackie Kuhl, Great West Engineering, Inc.

1:00 – 1:45 A Look at Cogeneration Technologies Available for Use at Anaerobic Digestion WWTP—David Weiel, Morrison-Maierle, Inc.

1:45 – 2:30 Lockwood – Low Pressure Sewer— Jill Cook, Morrison-Maierle, Inc.

2:30 – 3:00 BREAK – Exhibitor Area Location: Bitterroot/Stillwater/Missouri

3:00 – 3:45 An Effluent Irrigation Case Study – Dealing with Challenging Soils— Fred Phillips, Great West Engineering, Inc.

3:45 – 4:30 Montana's Nutrient Standards and Variance Process— Christine Weaver, MT DEQ

4:30 – 5:15 Electrical Liner Integrity Systems—Pat Murtagh, Murtagh Municipal Engineering/Laura Gundlach, Murtagh Municipal Engineering

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MSAWWA-MWEA 2015 JOINT CONFERENCE “Working Together To Protect Montana’s Water Resources”

Thursday—May 7, 2015 7:00 am—8:00 am Early Morning Break (Exhibitor Area—Bitterroot/Stillwater/Missouri) 7:30 am—8:30 am Joint MSAWWA-MWEA Membership Meeting and Election of Officers 8:00 am—10:00 am Registration desk open (Atrium) 8:30 am—12:00pm Morning Concurrent Sessions 12:00pm—1:00 pm Lunch & Prize Drawings—Must be present to win from a great selection of Exhibitor sponsored prizes! 1:30 pm—3:30 pm Billings Water & Wastewater Facility Tours or Golf

Thursday Morning Concurrent Sessions

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Wednesday Afternoon Concurrent Sessions Continued

Miscellaneous Sessions—Room location: tbd

Moderator: Doug Whitney, KLJ Engineering, Inc.

1:00 – 1:45 Wiping Out The Wipes Crisis—Joe Buckman, Apsco, LLC.

1:45 – 2:30 The Use of Equipment Procurement in Water Treatment Plant Projects— Brian Hoellein, Bartlett & West

2:30 – 3:00 BREAK – Exhibitor Area Location: Bitterroot/Stillwater/Missouri

3:00 – 3:45 Proper Evaluation of Blower Technologies— Thomas McCurdy, Aerzen USA

3:45 – 4:30 Student & Young Professional Summit— David Carlson, AE2S, Inc.

4:30 – 5:15 Condition Assessment of Large Diameter Water Mains— Ramsey Hemaidan, Pure Technologies

Water Sessions—Room location: tbd

Moderator: Jeff Ashley, Morrison-Maierle, Inc.

8:30 – 9:15 The Revised Total Coliform Rule & How It Will Affect Montana Public Water Systems—Emily Ewart, MT DEQ

9:15 – 10:00 Butte-Silver Bow, Basin Creek WTP Will Advance Montana To National Forefront—Nathan Kutil, HDR Engineering, Inc.

10:00 – 10:30 BREAK – Exhibitor Area

10:30 – 11:15 Regional Water - Up and Running— Marc Golz, MT DEQ

11:15 – 12:00 Implementation of UV Disinfection at the Great Falls WTP— Bryan Townsend, Black & Veatch/Mike Jacobson, City of Great Falls

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Wastewater Sessions—Room location: tbd

Moderator: Terry Campbell, MT DEQ

8:30 – 9:15 Utilizing IFAS Technology to Achieve Stringent Total Nitrogen Limits Under Cold Water Design Conditions— Brian McGovern, Infilco Degremont, Inc.

9:15 – 10:00 Non-contact UV Disinfection; An Introduction and Comparison to Quartz Based Contact UV Systems—Taylor Reynolds, Enaqua

10:00 – 10:30 BREAK – Exhibitor Area

10:30 – 11:15 How Are You Going to Meet 8 TN / 0.8 TP With Activated Sludge…— Rob Smith, YSI-Xylem/Ben Lewis, Ambiente H2O

11:15 – 12:00 Use of Compressed Gas for Cost Effective Mixing and BNR— David Lauer, Enviromix, Inc.

Miscellaneous Water Sessions—Room location: tbd

Moderator: Amy Deitchler, Great West Engieering, Inc.

8:30 - 9:15 A History / Current Combined Appropriations and Small Groundwater Exemptions—Jamie Ellis, Water Rights Bureau-DNRC

9:15 – 10:00 City of Laurel Surface Water Intake: Working within the Yellowstone River—Susan Hayes, Great West Engineering, Inc./Jonathan Weaver, Great West Engineering, Inc.

10:00 – 10:30 BREAK – Exhibitor Area

10:30 – 11:15 A Water Utility Energy Efficiency Study Results in Power Company Incentives for Pump Replacements— Logan McInnis, Mountain Water Company

11:15 – 12:00 Creating Sustainable Landscapes with Efficient Use of Irrigation Water— Lynda Wightman, Hunter Industries

Thursday Morning Concurrent Sessions Continued

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Calling All Student Writers!! Write About Anything Water and Win a $200 Scholarship

MSAWWA produces Newswaves twice yearly for the water supply community. Our subscribers include professionals in the water supply industry including Montana cities and towns, engineering firms, and suppliers. We certainly would like to hear from the education community. For each newsletter we encourage submission of student papers of 1000 words or less. If more than one article is submitted, they will be judged and the top pick will be printed in the newsletter. In addition, the student will receive a $200 scholarship along with a 1 year membership to AWWA. The next Newswaves will be published this coming summer/fall. Articles must be received by August 15, 2015 to be considered. For more information, please contact Robin Matthews-Barnes at 406-546-5496 or by email at: [email protected]

Thank You To All Of The Exhibitors that have so far committed to participate at the 2015 Joint Conference

~Your support of the Annual Joint Conference is vital to its success and is sincerely appreciated~

Hunter Industries Industrial Systems, Inc. isiWest JM Eagle Larson Data Communication, Inc. Lemna Technologies Northwest Pipe Fittings, Inc. Peak to Peak Sales, LLC. Pipestone Equipment, Inc. Planned & Engineered Construction, Inc. Pure Technologies Russell Industries The Ford Meter Box Company Trojan Technologies Underground Solutions Wastewater Technologies, LLC Water Control Corporation Water Technology Group Western States Automation Xylem Dewatering Solutions Yellowstone Waterworks

Abel Pump Advanced Pump & Equipment, Inc. Aerzen USA AE2S, Inc. Ambiente H2O, Inc. APSCO, LLC BioLynceus Curb Box Specialists, Inc. Dana Kepner Company DN Tanks Degremont Technologies Electronic Data Solutions Energy Laboratories Engineering America, Inc. EnviroMix Falcon Environmental Corporation GC Systems, Inc. Goble Sampson Associates Hawkins Water Treatment Group HD Supply Waterworks Henry Pratt

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Thank you to the following companies that have so far committed to sponsor events at the conference: Gold: ●AE2S, Inc. Silver: ●COP Construction ●Dick Anderson Construction ●Xylem Dewatering Solutions ●Hawkins Water Treatment Bronze: ●APSCO, LLC ●HD Supply Waterworks Sponsoring events at the Joint Conference is a great way for your company to help bring this educational and networking opportunity to those in the water and wastewater fields. Please consider donating—all sponsors will receive recognition at the conference and in the program!

Visiting Dignitaries from AWWA & WEF

Attendees of the 2015 Joint Conference will be introduced to 2012-2016 AWWA Treasurer David Rager and current WEF Board Member Jenny Hartfelder. Mr. Rager and Ms. Hartfelder will offer their insight at the opening session of the conference on Wednesday morning, May 5th. Please help your MSAWWA and MWEA Boards in welcoming these visitors to Billings!

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New MWEA Stormwater Committee At its May 2014 meeting, the MWEA voted to create a Stormwater Committee. We are looking for

enthusiastic members to join this new committee and give it a strong start! Since it is a new committee, goals

and plans have yet to be fully developed, and we’d love your input. The main intent of the committee is to

provide support and information to communities, engineers, and operators as they deal with stormwater

issues. Best management practices, including green infrastructure, funding and financing challenges,

stormwater infrastructure, and regulations and policy are some of the topics the committee may choose to

address in its activities. Our hope is to encourage a sharing of knowledge between those working in the field

of stormwater and to have the committee as a resource at their disposal. For more information contact

MWEA current President Michele Marsh at [email protected]

MA Newsletters Articles from WEF Headquarters – January 2015

HEADLINE: Changes the midterm election will bring to U.S. Congress Steve Dye is president of Nexus Government Relations and supports the Water Environment Federation’s (Alexandria, Va.) legislative efforts in Washington, D.C. The 2014 midterm election will bring changes large and small, with the biggest change being U.S. Senate control by Republicans, who will appoint new committee chairs and set the legislative agenda. The Senate Committee on Environment and Public Works will now be led by U.S. Senator James Inhofe (R‒Okla.). After an 8-year hiatus as chairman while Democrats controlled the Senate, Inhofe has overall seniority on the committee and reclaimed the chairmanship as the committee addresses major regulatory differences the Republicans have with the Obama administration. In the House, Republicans gained 13 seats, increasing their majority to 242 to 174 over Democrats. Both U.S. Rep. Nick Rahall (D‒W.W.) and U.S. Rep. Tim Bishop (D‒N.Y.) lost their re-election bids, which vacate the ranking member seats for the House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee and Water Resources & Environment Subcommittee. U.S. Rep. Peter DeFazio (D‒Ore.) is the new ranking member of the committee, and U.S. Rep. Grace Napolitano (D‒Calif.) is expected to become the new ranking member of the Water Resource Subcommittee. There were no changes for Republican leadership of the full committee or subcommittee. Agenda for bills and policies affecting water Legislatively, Republicans will control the process in both congressional bodies and will likely push forward with sever-al significant water-related bills and policies. WEF Government Affairs believes there will be legislative action to restrict the Obama administration’s Waters of the United States (WOTUS) rule, expected to be finalized in Spring 2015. The annual appropriations bills also will be wholly written by the Republicans. WEF Government Affairs believes these bills likely will reflect the Republican agenda for spending and federal policies, such as possible additional spending cuts to EPA programs and restrictions on implementation of the WOTUS rule and amendments to the Clean Air Act. Additionally, efforts to move tax reform legislation will likely begin again, which previously have raised concerns over possible changes to tax-exempt municipal bonds. A tax reform bill potentially will include lifting or removing the cap on private capital investments though private activity bonds. The information provided in this article is designed to be educational. It is not intended to provide any type of professional advice including without limitation legal, accounting, or engineering. Your use of the information provided here is voluntary and should be based on your own evaluation and analysis of its accuracy, appropriateness for your use, and any potential risks of using the information. The Water Environment Federation (WEF), author and the publisher of this article assume no liability of any kind with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness of use for a particular purpose. Any references included are provided for informational purposes only and do not constitute endorsement of any sources.

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Please Support Your Association’s Committees Please remember that the committees cannot survive without member participation. You can sign up to be on a committee at any time during the year, however, the Joint Conference is the ideal time to do so and there will be sign-up sheets in your registration packet. Please consider participation in at least one committee. If you have questions about the committees, please contact the chair of that committee (see next page) to find out more about how you can help. If you are currently serving on a committee and wish to continue serving, please be sure to sign up at each conference. The slate is wiped clean after each conference, and unless we have the new sign-up form, we do not know if you wish to continue serving.

Thank you to everyone who volunteers for making MSAWWA and MWEA so great! Below are descriptions of the Committees you can join…..

MSAWWA/MWEA Joint Committees Cross Connection Control - Work with DEQ to implement the administrative rules for cross-connection control. Assist other groups in providing pertinent education and training. Exhibitors - Increase exhibitors’ involvement in section activities & technical education. Encourage exhibitors’ strong presence at the Joint Conference. Host City - Organize & plan for annual conference, working closely with Executive Secretary. The 2016 conference will be in Bozeman. Information Management – Provide ongoing guidance for functionality of the joint website including incorporation of social media and preservation of historical documents of MSAWWA and MWEA. Lifetime Achievement – Select the awardee(s) & present award at annual conference. Program - Prepare & distribute “Call for Program Abstracts” to solicit interest in program presentations for annual conference. Review abstracts & select/schedule speakers & topics. Public Education/Information - Promote Water Week, Stockholm Junior Water Prize, as well as other educational activities for school age children. Assist in publicizing MSAWWA/MWEA activities. Scholarship - Select one/two students annually whose course work will lead to employment in the water and/or wastewater fields. The Scholarship is to be used toward the cost of tuition & books & includes a one year student membership for MSAWWA or MWEA. Student & Young Professionals – This is a newly formed committee. The committee is intended to include members less than 35 years in age and who have worked less than 10 years in the industry. The purpose is to encourage involvement of college students and young professionals in either organization and at the Joint Conference. MSAWWA Committees Awards – Assist in identifying and awarding water system safety awards. Assist in selecting AWWA Operator Meritorious award recipient. Education –Promote educational opportunities and provide training and assistance for small systems. Work with program committee to pick topic and solicit/select speakers for 2016 Preconference. Legislative - Promote continual involvement with AWWA. Be aware of, respond to, and distribute information on changing legislation on both national & state levels. Recommend legislative tracking consultant. Membership - Increase membership by identifying & contacting potential members. Provide membership benefit materials to recruiting members. Mentor first-time conference attendees. Water for People – Continue to actively support WFP. Continue fund raising activities at the annual conference. MWEA Committees Beneficial Reuse - Obtain nominations & select a system best demonstrating the management of biosolids. Education – Enhance the professional competency & qualifications of members. Government Affairs – Obtain & disseminate relevant legislative information. Participate in the legislative & regulatory development processes. Honors & Awards – Help select awardees & give recognition to individuals & facilities for exemplary performance. Long Range Planning – Develop & implement the long-range plan that identifies the direction of the association. Membership – Maintain current members, attract new members, & diversify professionally. Stockholm Junior Water Prize – Encourage student participation in water-related projects within regional & state science fairs in Montana. MWEA members participate as judges in regional & state fairs as judges to select a state winner to attend the WEF-SJWP competition. Pretreatment –The pretreatment committee is a forum for discussion of both existing and new pretreatment programs and will provide direction to new programs being implemented. This committee will also serve as a round-table for existing communities with pretreatment programs to discuss problems or regulations. Stormwater –MWEA has added a new stormwater committee. The purpose of the committee is to provide support and information to communities, engineers, and operators as they deal with stormwater issues.

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Joint Committee Chairs

Cross Connection Control

• Barb Coffman

[email protected]

Exhibitors

• Bill DeMeyer

[email protected]

Host City

• Greg Lukasik

[email protected]

Information Management

Nate Weisenburger

[email protected]

Lifetime Achievement

• Paul LaVigne

[email protected]

Program

• Terry Campbell

[email protected]

Public Education/Information

• Tammy Filliater

[email protected]

Scholarship

• Coralynn Revis

[email protected]

SYP Committee

David Carlson

[email protected]

2014—2015 Committee Chairs Below is a list of the members of MSAWWA and MWEA that volunteered to chair each organization’s

committees following last years’ Joint Conference. Volunteers are always welcome, so if you wish to help your association and serve on a committee you may still sign up by contacting the chair of that committee or

Robin Matthews-Barnes at [email protected] or (406) 546-5496.

MWEA Committee Chairs Beneficial Reuse

• Terry Campbell [email protected]

Education

• Amy Deitchler [email protected]

Government Affairs

• No chair

Honors & Awards

• Bill Bahr [email protected]

Long Range Planning

• No Chair

Membership

Mike Jacobson [email protected]

Pretreatment

Don Clark [email protected]

Mark Fitzwater [email protected]

Stockholm Jr. Water Prize

Kristi Kline [email protected]

Stormwater

New committee (no chair)

MSAWWA Committee Chairs Awards

• No Chair

Education

Collette Anderson [email protected]

Legislative

• Nate Weisenburger [email protected]

Membership

• Logan McInnis [email protected]

Water For People

• Carrie Gardner [email protected]

• John Camden [email protected]

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2014—2015 MSAWWA

Board of Directors

National Director Logan McInnis

Mountain Water Company

[email protected]

Past Chair

Gwen Pozega

CDM Smith

[email protected]

Chair

Greg Lukasik

Great West Engineering, Inc.

[email protected]

Vice-Chair

Doug “Slim”Miller

CDM Smith

[email protected]

Senior Trustee

Collette Anderson

Great West Engineering, Inc.

[email protected]

Junior Trustee

Jeff Ashley

Morrison-Maierle, Inc.

[email protected]

Senior Trustee

Nate Weisenburger

AE2S, Inc.

[email protected]

2014—2015 MWEA

Board of Directors

National Director/Past President

Coralynn Revis

HDR, Inc.

[email protected]

Past President

Dan Harmon

HDR, Inc.

[email protected]

President

Michelle Marsh

MT DEQ

[email protected]

President-Elect

Amy Deitchler

Great West Engineering, Inc.

[email protected]

Vice President

Starr Sullivan

City of Missoula

[email protected]

Senior Trustee

Jeremy Perlinski

Morrison-Maierle, Inc.

[email protected]

Junior Trustee

Herb Bartle

City of Bozeman

[email protected]

Executive Secretary

Dana Audet

Veolia Water

[email protected]

Do You Have Something To Say? If you have ideas, announcements, articles, or stories you would like to submit for consideration for publication in the next issue of NewsWaves, please email Robin Matthews-Barnes at [email protected]. The next issue will be published late summer/early fall, so keep it in mind!

~2015 Joint Directory~ The 2015 Joint Directory was emailed to all MSAWWA and MWEA members recently. If you did not receive the digital copy, or would like a hard copy mailed to you, please email Robin Matthews-Barnes at [email protected] and let her know. The digital version allows changes to be made on a more regular basis rather than just annually, saves $$$, and saves paper!

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MA Newsletters Articles from WEF Headquarters – January 2015

HEADLINE: Help with ammonia criteria implementation: Tools to be developed for utilities

Claudio H. Ternieden is the director of regulatory affairs at the Water Environment Federation (Alexandria, Va.). He can be reached at [email protected].

Utilities seeking help implementing ammonia criteria revised by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) will have several tools resulting from an experts workshop held last fall that discussed how to help reduce the burden for permittees. The workshop, which took place in Arlington, Va., from October 28 to 29, was hosted by the Water Environment Federation (WEF; Alexandria, Va.), National Association of Clean Water Agencies (NACWA; Washington, D.C.), and Water Environment Research Foundation (WERF; Alexandria, Va.). EPA published final national recommended water quality criteria for protection of aquatic life from the toxic effects of ammonia in freshwater in 2013. The criteria reflect new data on sensitive freshwater mussels and snails, incorporate scientific views EPA received on its draft 2009 criteria, and supersede EPA's previously recommended 1999 ammonia criteria. Experts from WEF and NACWA as well as WERF subscribers and state water quality professionals led the workshop. EPA technical staff also provided the agency’s perspectives and updates on implementation efforts. The workshop objectives included the following:

Identify what tools and projects are needed to fill the information gaps or respond to the flexibility discussed in EPA’s guidance.

Identify data and information gaps needed for implementation of the revised criteria—what details pertaining to implementation in permits and other flexibilities are known now or that will be needed.

Propose a framework and provide clear guidance for implementation—based on a common set of principles.

Produce a final report (prepared by WEF, NACWA, and WERF) on the outcome of the workshop to serve as a path to implementation.

Recommendations from the workshop participants are listed in Table 1. Table 1. Recommendations from workshop participants

Decision trees for mussels present/absent determinations and related permitting decisions

Role of use attainability analysis and use sub-categorization/tiered aquatic life uses

Possible use water-effects ratio for applying the ammonia criteria

Better definition of mixing zones policies applicable to ammonia

Additional studies on the fate of ammonia in receiving waters

Potential use of in-stream studies to evaluate discharger impacts

Better understanding and definition of the consequences of pH, temperature, and upstream background concentration specifications

Better understanding of the scope of the problem: How many site-specific criteria needed? Is it principally a small plant discharging to

small stream and/or arid west problem?

Assess water quality standards attainment options: Adaptive/flexible implementation to make significant, step-wise improvements that may

fall short of full attainment

Determine effective implementation timeframe that accounts for complexity of issues, including relationship to triennial review process

Model multi-discharger variance for lagoon and other types of systems (e.g., small package plants) that cannot meet the criteria

Assess applicability of stochastic or probabilistic analysis in permit derivation

Holistic approaches for facilities required to meet both ammonia and nutrient limits – compatibility of treatment options and sequencing of

Implementation to cost-effectively achieve compliance

Methodology for assessing the benefits of achieving ammonia limits

Public education to promote understanding of the importance of maintaining mussel populations as means of gaining support for funding

projects

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Continued from previous page….. Key elements of the criteria The 2013 final freshwater aquatic life criteria for ammonia are pH- and temperature-dependent, and expressed as total ammonia nitrogen (TAN). The new criteria more restrictive than the 1999 criteria — see Table 2 for an example: Table 2. Freshwater aquatic life criteria (20°C, pH 7 s.u.)

*Salmonids present. The criteria and related materials can be found at http://water.epa.gov/scitech/swguidance/standards/criteria/aqlife/ammonia/index.cfm . EPA’s key contact for questions related to ammonia criteria derivation and implementation in NPDES permits is Lisa Huff ([email protected]). In addition, EPA published several factsheets and support documents related to criteria implementation and derivation of site-specific criteria. The most important documents in addition to the criteria publication (EPA 822-R-13-001) are

Revised Deletion Process for the Site-Specific Recalculation Procedure for Aquatic Life Criteria (EPA 823-R-13-001).

Flexibilities for States Applying EPA’s Ammonia Criteria Recommendations (EPA 820-F-13-001).

Technical Support Document for Conducting and Reviewing Freshwater Mussel Occurrence Surveys for Development of Site-specific Water Quality Criteria for Ammonia (EPA 800-R-13-003).

The final proceedings for the workshop will be available in mid-February from WEF. WEF, NACWA, and WERF are working with EPA to help implement the recommendations from this workshop. *The information provided in this article is designed to be educational. It is not intended to provide any type of professional advice including without limitation legal, accounting, or engineering. Your use of the information provided here is voluntary and should be based on your own evaluation and analysis of its accuracy, appropriateness for your use, and any potential risks of using the information. The Water Environment Federation (WEF), author and the publisher of this article assume no liability of any kind with respect to the accuracy or completeness of the contents and specifically disclaim any implied warranties of merchantability or fitness of use for a particular purpose. Any references included are provided for informational purposes only and do not constitute endorsement of any sources.

Criterion 2013 1999

Acute* 17 mg/L TAN 24 mg/L TAN

Chronic 1.9 mg/L TAN 4.5 mg/L TAN