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TEENS AND RACEIN AMERICA

OLOR BIN

05.27.201

 Web’s Dumbest Dares / Republican Hara-Kir

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20 IranThe GreatNuclear DealMeltdown

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TEEN S TO D AY

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B I G S H O T S

4  Maaret al-Numan,SyriaIncoming!

6  TokyoSorry Display

8  BaghdadTriple Slaughter

10 Fort McMurray,AlbertaBurned Out

P A G E O N E

12  PoliticsTrumping the Shark

16  BrazilThe Declineand Fall of Dilma

COVER CREDIT: PHOTOGRAPH BY GANDEE VASAN/GETTY

+

TEENAGE WASTELAND: A 17-year-old wears

a Donald Trump–themed shirt at acampaign rally in Har-risburg, Pennsylvania.Some GOP politiciansare still wonderingwhat Trump actuallystands for.

05.27.2016 VOL.166 NO.20

32 The Teenagers Ask a bedraggled parent “What do teens think?”

and you just might get, “They think?” But what theyknow and feel and do is vitally important. After all,

they are the future. Just maybe not yours.

34 Color Bind What do teens want? Less racism.

44 Then & Now They were the faces of a generation...

and are again, as they look back 50 years later.

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BIG

SHOTS

SYRIA

Incoming!Maaret al-Numan,Syria—Childrenduck under desksduring a war safetyawareness classconducted by civildefense membersin a rebel-heldarea on May 14. Inaddition to attacksby the Islamic Statemilitant group (ISIS)

and air bombingsby President Basharal-Assad’s regime andRussia, Syrians maysoon have to contendwith Al-Qaeda,according to U.S. andEuropean intelligenceand counterterrorismofficials quoted byThe New York Times. Itreported that a dozenof Al-Qaeda’s mostseasoned ghtershave been dispatched

to Syria in an effortto challenge ISISfor dominance inthe region.

KHALIL ASHAWI

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  BIG

SHOTS

JAPAN

EUGENE HOSHIKO

SorryDisplay 

Tokyo—MitsubishiMotors Chairmanand CEO Osamu

Masuko, center, andcompany President

Tetsuro Aikawa, left,bow during a press

conference on May 11while apologizing for

falsifying emissionsdata and announcing

that the probleminvolved more cars

than previouslyannounced. Mit-

subishi’s stock pricehas plunged and its

reputation has taken ahit since it confessed

in April to altering thefuel efficiency dataof over 600,000 of

its Japanese vehicles.In a potential lifeline

to Mitsubishi, Nissanagreed to buy a 34

percent stake in itsrival for $2.2 billion.

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  BIG

SHOTS

IRAQ

WISSM AL-OKILI

TripleSlaughter

Baghdad—Peoplegather at the scene of

a car bomb attack inSadr City, a mainly

Shiite district, onMay 11. Three car

bombings claimedby the Islamic State

group (ISIS) killed atleast 93 people in the

deadliest single dayof attacks on Iraq’s

capital this year.There is a security

vacuum in Iraq as thegovernment appears

to be unraveling—thecountry’s parliament

has been unable tohold meetings, and

Prime Minister Haideral-Abadi is struggling

to uproot extremists

as well as to addresseconomic and politi-

cal problems left overfrom years of war.

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  BIG

SHOTS

CANADA

BurnedOutFort McMurray,Alberta—Prime Min-ister Justin Trudeaulooks into a burnedcar while visitingneighborhoods dev-astated by more thana week of wildres,on May 13. The visitwas Trudeau’s rst to

Fort McMurray since88,000 people wereforced to evacuate onMay 4, when the blazeswept into the city,the hub of Canada’soil sands industry.Low humidity,unseasonably warmweather and highwinds caused by ElNiño put the regionat a high re risk andraised concerns aboutclimate change. The

blaze destroyed 2,400buildings, but officialssaid nearly 90 percentof the city is intact.

JASON FRANSON

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BRAZIL POLITICS IRAN HEALTH MILITARY PESTS

P A G E O N E

NEWSWEEK 05/27 /2016

MIKE TELLS DON

  his house is on re. He addsthat he will extinguish the blaze if Don pays him.Don forks over the money, but Mike does noth-ing. There are two possible explanations for thisshocking betrayal: Mike was lying about the reor he never planned to help Don.

In that story, Mike is the Republican Party,and Don represents all the members of the TeaParty and their conservative think-alikes. Andin this analogy lies the explanation for both therise of Donald Trump and why the GOP elite iscondemning him viciously.

For years, Republican leaders have engaged

in what might be called boogeyman politics.No claim was too crazy to justify their storylinethat the Constitution had been set ablaze byDemocrats: Barack Obama isn’t a real Amer-ican, so he’s not legally the president; Obamacommitted crimes that demanded impeach-ment; Obama has secret plans to take awayAmericans’ guns; Obama wanted to murderthe elderly and disabled through Obamacare;Obama maintained concentration camps oper-ated by the Federal Emergency Management

Agency. Texas Senator Ted Cruz even playedfootsy with the theory that Obama wanted todeclare martial law in Texas and was planningto turn over vast swaths of American territoryto the United Nations, which would then outlawpaved roads, grazing pastures and golf courses.

In other words, Republicans have been tellingTea Partyers that the American house is on reand that the GOP could douse the ames onlyif they send more conservatives to Washington.The tactic worked, bringing out the Tea Party andother conservative voters in 2010 and 2014, andRepublicans won big gains in Congress. But then,

where were the impeachment hearings? Why isObamacare still a thing? Why aren’t Democratsbeing arrested for treason? Tea Party membersstill believe the lies they have been told aboutconspiracies and high crimes, and they have beenseething that their representatives were doingnothing about the horrors they had promised toend. So these voters reached the conclusion thatthe Republicans had sold them out. The grousingconservative electorate was primed to revolt.

A prominent GOP political consultant saw this

TRUMPING THE SHARK

The GOP can survive this hostile takeover, but it’s going to take a major reboot

BY

KURT EICHENWALD

 @kurteichenwald

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+

THE PARTY’S OVER: GOP leaders fear

that a Trump pres-idential campaign

will take manyother candidates

down with it.

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(RAriz.), Dean Heller (RNev.) and Ben Sasse(RNeb.). Senator Lindsey Graham (RS.C.) hasbeen among the most vocal critics. “Lucifer isthe only person Trump could beat in a general

election,’’ he said on Face the Nation

. “I believeDonald Trump’s foreign policy, his isolation-ism, will lead to another 9/11.”

And then there is the most vexing question forRepublican politicians: What does Trump, theirpresumptive nominee for president, stand for?Plenty of GOP members of Congress say theyhave never spoken to the man, and if they knowhim at all, it’s as the host of his reality-TV showThe Apprentice or as a businessman who has worna path from his penthouse to bankruptcy court.Senator James Lankford (ROkla.) told reportersthe one thing he wanted to hear from Trump was

his policy positions. Asked which ones in particu-lar, Lankford replied, “Everything.”

Then there are the old reliable wedge issues:abortion, homosexuality, school prayer and therest of the arrows in the Republicans’ culturequiver. Cruz, the conspicuously pious candidatein the presidential primaries who portrayed him-self as a steadfast soldier in the culture war, lostmuch of the Bible Belt to a man with multipledivorces who backs Planned Parenthood and hasspent endless hours with shock jock Howard Stern

conagration coming back in 2012. The party’spoliticians “have to end their addiction to thecrack cocaine of the Tea Party vote,’’ he told methen. Fueling the Tea Partyers’ suspicions and

anger with conspiracy theories and terrifyingfalsehoods might drive them to the voting boothin droves, this consultant told me, but eventu-ally they would turn on the party elite. After all,despite all the fearmongering, little changedafter the elections. Fantasies can’t be xed.

Like any addict, the Republicans remained indenial about how bad things were getting withtheir Tea Party base. And now GOP politicianshave hit bottom, waking up in the gutter to ndthat their party’s standard-bearer is a coarse,divisive businessman with no political experiencewho is celebrated by Tea Partyers. Meanwhile,

Republican leaders are convinced he will createa tidal wave of losses for the GOP in November.

The coolness to—and outright rejectionof—Trump is widespread within the party.Paul Ryan, the speaker of the House, has notendorsed him. Representatives Barbara Com-stock (RVa.) and Ann Wagner (RMo.), bothfacing re-election, have said Trump has toearn their vote. Then there are those who havesaid they will not endorse Trump under anycircumstances, including Senators Jeff Flake

+

BROCK THE VOTE: Reagan pulledthe GOP out of anabyss in 1980 bypresenting newideas and a newidentity for theparty pushed by its

chair, Bill Brock.

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NEWSWEEK   0 5/27 /2016

bragging about his sexual escapades with models.It’s hard to feel much sympathy for the Repub-

lican elite now aligned with a man they despise,given that they created the monster. You reapwhat you sow; you made your bed, now lie in it; you

 pays your money and you takes your chances—ourlanguage is loaded with the clichés that point towhy this should be a moment of schadenfreude

rather than one of pity.There is a path to recovery for the Republicans.

One of the greatest members of the GOP, theperson who saved the party when it last lost itsway, is a man whose name probably few Republi-cans will recognize: Bill Brock. A former senatorfrom Tennessee, Brock was a darling of the con-servative movement during his single term, from1971 to 1977. After that, he took the reins of theRepublican National Committee while the GOPwas still reeling from the Watergate scandals.The party had just lost the White House; Dem-ocrats had control of the House of Representa-

tives and had won a supermajority in the Senate,meaning no Republican libuster could succeed.

Faced with these dismal facts, Brock set aboutrebuilding the party. The Republicans hadbecome bereft of an identity; voters had little con-cept of what the GOP brought to the table. Brockdecided the party had to become one of ideas,not just an intransigent body that stood for littlemore than saying no. He heard that two membersof Congress, Representative Jack Kemp (RN.Y.)and Senator William Roth (RDel.), were kick-ing around a plan for huge tax cuts, which they

argued would spur massive economic growththat would boost revenue and avoid decits.This idea, the foundation of supply-side eco-

nomics, was embraced by Brock and became thesubject of research reports and talking points sentto conservatives in Congress and statehouses.Eventually, it was adopted by Ronald Reaganas the centerpiece of his presidential campaignand then his administration, and it is often citedby Republicans as the greatest accomplishmentof his presidency. Now, 36 years later, it remainsthe mantra of Republicans, even though the ideathat tax cuts pay for themselves has been roundly

debunked and is the biggest factor in America’smassive decits and debt. Unfortunately, whilemost economists understand that sometimesinterest rates need to be high and other timeslow, Republicans still seem to believe that taxrates should only go down.

So what does the Republican Party stand fortoday? “No” is still the answer. Whatever theDemocrats propose, the Republicans oppose—anti-abortion, anti-gay marriage and oftenanti-science. (Climate change denial is a meme

for Republicans, and increasing numbers ofparty members reject evolution.) Polls, such asone conducted recently by the Pew ResearchCenter, show that younger voters, even Repub-licans, disagree with this agenda. Only 38 per-cent support smaller government with fewerservices, according to another Pew poll.

Now that they’ve been slapped upside thehead by Trump, Republicans need another BillBrock. They need to focus on new ideas, on whatthey have to offer to the next generation of vot-ers. They need to stand for something  other than

culture wars, tax cuts and “We’re not Hillary!”It’s possible to broaden the Republican base bynding new conservative ideas that appeal tomore than just the Tea Partyers, the angry andBible Belt Christians.

On the other hand, if they don’t think theyneed a Brock, perhaps they need a Tuchman. Inher spectacular 1984 book, The March of Folly,historian Barbara Tuchman examines four times

governments pursued policies against theirown interests and set loose the yowling furiesof chaos. By appealing to their bases’ basestinstincts, the Republicans have done just that,

and the evidence is one orange-haired, bombas-tic man who seems to be on cable news 24/7.

Republicans need to self-assess and recog-nize that they created Trumpism by refusingto compromise and govern, by engaging in his-toric obstruction (such as the current blockadeon hearings for Obama’s Supreme Court nomi-nee) and, in every way, by continuing to act likepetulant teenagers. They have indulged theirown march of folly for eight years; the cliff theyare heading toward is not far away.

“DONALD TRUMP’SFOREIGN POLICY, HISISOLATIONISM, WILLLEAD TO ANOTHER 9/1

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BACK IN MARCH  2014, when the scandal overBrazil’s state-run oil company Petrobras thatwould eventually topple the government was justgetting started, some of President Dilma Rous-

seff’s top aides saw a golden opportunity to killthe investigation—or at least badly wound it.

Márcio Anselmo, the Federal Police deputy incharge of the probe, had given an interview to

 Jornal Nacional , Brazil’s most-watched news pro-gram. On-camera, Anselmo and others laid outthe main points of the case, which would soonbecome notorious: a former Petrobras boardmember who had accepted a Land Rover as abribe, the money launderer whose plea-bargaintestimony would prove key and the bribes paid

by some of the country’s biggest constructioncompanies for lucrative Petrobras contracts.

For Rousseff, the stakes were huge: The pres-idential election was just six months away, and

she was facing a tight race. But some ministerswere convinced the TV interview was a blessingin disguise. They believed Anselmo had brokena dictatorship-era statute that, they argued, pro-hibited Federal Police officials from discussingcases in progress with the media. Fire him, theyurged Rousseff. Fire him now and attack theinvestigators for using the media to selectivelyleak information damaging to the government.

To their astonishment, Rousseff refused. “I’llnever do that,” she replied dismissively, accord-

THE DECLINE AND FALL OF DILMA

Brazil’s ousted president deserves somecredit for backing corruption probes—even when they threatened her

BY

BRIAN WINTER

 @BrazilBrian

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PAGE ONE/BRAZIL

ing to someone who was in the room at the time.“I’m not afraid of this investigation. It has noth-ing to do with me!”

I covered Rousseff closely for ve years as areporter, and if there’s a more “Dilma” anecdoteout there, I don’t know it. This one has it all: herblustery arrogance, her refusal to listen to even herclosest aides and her apparent inability to under-

stand just how much trouble she was in, right tothe very end. But it also reveals a side to Rousseffthat should improve her standing in the annals ofBrazilian history: her refusal, for the most part, tostand in the way of corruption investigations atPetrobras and elsewhere, even when it becameclear they would contribute to her demise.

Brazil’s Congress has now voted to removeRousseff from office, almost certainly for good,so she can stand trial for breaking budget laws ina way that masked Brazil’s economic woes. Shedeparts with a near-single-digit approval rating,primary responsibility for Brazil’s worst reces-

sion in at least 80 years and very few friends athome or abroad. And yet, Rousseff also deservessome credit for the main achievement of thisotherwise horrid decade in Brazil: the consolida-tion of rule of law under its young democracy, aswell as the notion that the corrupt will be investi-gated, convicted and jailed, no matter how pow-erful they may be.

Acknowledging Rousseff ’s role in this achieve-ment is controversial, in part because her behav-ior was also not impeccable here. Indeed, shemay soon face charges for obstruction

of justice for appointing her mentorand predecessor, Luiz Inácio Lula daSilva, as a minister in her nal daysin government at a time when pros-ecutors were seeking his arrest oncorruption charges. Rousseff’s movewas widely seen as designed to makeLula less susceptible to imprison-ment, since ministers enjoy speciallegal protections. But it may have been less anattempt to hinder the investigation itself andmore an act of personal loyalty and realpolitik,based on the belief that only Lula had the nego-

tiating prowess to save her government.Starting in early 2014, Rousseff had numer-

ous opportunities to hinder, or at least delay, theinvestigation of Petrobras and other high-prolecorruption cases targeting powerful people. Theargument against Anselmo, the Federal Policedeputy, seems in retrospect to be imsy—but inany case Rousseff let the opportunity pass. Shecould have declined in 2015 to reappoint theattorney general, Rodrigo Janot, who had alreadyshown he would go along with the so-called Lava

 Jato (Operation Car Wash) probe. She not onlyretained Janot but also publicly reaffirmed hisautonomy—a mandate he would soon seize uponby requesting charges against Lula and an inves-tigation of Rousseff. Rousseff also could have putsomeone less apt to cooperate with prosecutorsin charge of the Federal Police or actively pressedher allies on the Supreme Court to remove thePetrobras case from Judge Sérgio Moro, who isbased in the city of Curitiba, on the argumentthat judges in Rio de Janeiro, where the companyis based, were better-suited to handle it. Finally,

she could have started attacking Moro as biasedmuch earlier and more aggressively than sheultimately did.

All along, Rousseff had senior gures withinthe Workers’ Party urging her to do all of thesethings. But instead, as recently as January of thisyear, she was publicly celebrating Lava Jato as anecessary purge of practices that had existed inBrazil for decades. “I have to emphasize the factthat Brazil needs this investigation,” she told thenewspaper  Folha de S.Paulo, limiting her criti-

cism to procedural issues. Rousseff didn’t beginto vilify the investigation in earnest until a fewweeks ago, when Moro released wiretapped con-versations between her and Lula. And there…

Well, let’s say she may have had a point.There are those who will never give Rousseff 

any credit for letting Brazil’s judiciary do its job.What choice did she have? they ask. OK. Butask yourself the following: Would leaders else-where in Latin America have done the same?What about recent governments in Argentina?Or Mexico? Not to mention China or Russia.For that matter, what can we expect from theincoming Michel Temer government in Brazil?Temer, who was Rousseff’s vice president, is a

“I’M NOT AFRAID OF THISINVESTIGATION. IT HASNOTHING TO DO WITH ME

+

UNDER SIEGE: Rousseff and herchief of staff,Jaques Wagner,peer from thewindow of thepresidential palacethe day before theSenate voted tosuspend her.

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PAGE ONE/BRAZIL

NEWSWEEK 0 5 / 2 7 / 2 0 1 6

during her rst year in office. This was a radicaldeparture from the Lula years, and it contrib-uted to a new culture that ultimately resulted inLava Jato.

Of course, there are other, much less atter-ing explanations. It’s clear that Rousseff, iso-lated and politically tone-deaf, failed until it wastoo late to fully grasp the threat to her survival.

The Rousseff-as-earnest-technocrat theory alsohas a major hole in it: If she was so focused onnumbers, how did she miss the sheer scale ofthe robbery at Petrobras, especially during theyears she was energy minister and the chair ofthe company’s board?

The answer probably lies in the simplest,most damning criticism of Rousseff: She justwasn’t that good. Mediocre to the end and over-whelmed by a position she was never qualiedto hold, she consistently failed to ask the rightquestions of her aides or her party. She alsoharbored antiquated economic philosophies,

believed she could dictate the day-to-day busi-ness of the country (including parts of the pri-vate sector) by personal at and alienated mostpeople she worked with. Her presidency will godown as a case study in why leadership matters—

why a democracy as big and complex as Brazil’scannot simply be handed over to anyone and puton “automatic pilot.”

But Rousseff had virtues too. Even her ene-mies concede she was honest and stole noth-ing for herself. In a region where many leadersspend their waking hours scheming about how to

make themselves or their friends richer or exactrevenge on their enemies, Rousseff seemed gen-uinely focused on tackling Brazil’s still-legendarypoverty and inequality. And in the end, any desireshe had to stay in office or protect her party seemsto have been outweighed by a long-term concernfor Brazil and the need to build functioning insti-tutions. That should count for something.

75-year-old constitutional lawyer who will try tolead Brazil in a more business-friendly direction.But he comes from a different political party,several of whose leaders are also implicatedin the Lava Jato probe. One irony of Rousseff’simpeachment is that it may lead to more politi-cal interference in the Petrobras investigation.Temer has said there’s nothing to fear, but prose-cutors in Curitiba and Brasília privately say theyare preparing for setbacks. They may end upmissing Rousseff most of all.

So the nal question: Why did she do it? Why

did Rousseff stand by as her government fellapart?

Some of the explanation probably lies in herorigin story. Not the one we’ve all heard about—the Dilma Rousseff of her early 20s, the guerrillawho endured jail and torture. No,I’m talking about Dilma Rous-seff the adult, after her releasefrom prison in 1973, the one whoundertook a much less glamorouslife as an economist and publicservant. This is the bespectacled

energy policy wonk who just 20years ago was editing an obscuremagazine called  Economic Indi-cators and never showed anyinterest in politics or higher office.This Rousseff’s only passion wasfor numbers—performance targets, spreadsheets,the arcane day-to-day business of government.

Even after Lula plucked her from nowhere tobe his chief of staff and ultimately his successor,even after the plastic surgery and makeover thatpreceded Rousseff’s run for president, she stillhad no time for anything but numbers. Unfor-

tunately for Rousseff, this precluded her frommaking any friends, in Congress or elsewhere,who might have protected her toward the end.But it also made her intolerant of corruption—not for moral reasons, perhaps, but because itmight keep the numbers in the G column onExcel from lining up correctly. From the verybeginning of Rousseff’s government, when aminister or other aide was accused of fraud, shemade it clear that person was expected to resign.Six ministers left under such circumstances

ONE IRONY OF ROUSSEFF’SIMPEACHMENT IS THAT ITMAY LEAD TO MORE POLITICAL

INTERFERENCE IN THEPETROBRAS INVESTIGATION.

This article was rst published by Americas Quarterly ,where BRIAN WINTER is the editor-in-chief.

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 Intel, the Intel Logo, Intel Inside, Intel Core, and Core Inside are trademarks of Intel Corporation in the U.S. and/or other countries.

 Light. Powerful.

 Brilliant. Beautiful. Work. Play. Unparalleled.

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PAGE ONE/IRAN

NEWSWEEK 05/27 /2016

USED CLOTHING,  toiletries and gifts worthno more than $100—for a decade, these wereamong the few Iranian products allowed intothe U.S., thanks to crippling international sanc-tions. But when the Iran nuclear deal went intoeffect in January, Iran was suddenly allowed toresume exports of its famous Persian carpets

and pistachios. Iranians also looked forward toreviving the country’s oil industry and gainingaccess to tens of billions of dollars in previouslyfrozen petroleum revenues, which would pro-vide a much-needed boost to the economy. Per-haps most important, American officials assuredTehran that foreign investment would return tothe country, nally ending Iran’s pariah status.”As soon as we suspend our major sanctions,”Wendy Sherman, the lead U.S. negotiator, hadsaid in 2014, “the world will ood into Iran.”

Today, nearly six months after the deal wasimplemented, Iran is still waiting for those ben-

ets. The country can’t get access to most of theestimated $100 billion it holds in foreign banks.The reason: U.S. laws, which weren’t included inthe nuclear deal, are still highly restrictive. Theforeign business hasn’t materialized becausebig European and Asian commercial banks areafraid they might inadvertently violate thosenon-nuclear U.S. sanctions and end up facinghefty penalties. Tehran is angry and says Wash-ington is preventing the country from rejoiningthe world economy.

Iran wants the U.S. to relax these sanctions,but that would require Congress to act, some-thing unlikely to happen in an election year,especially since even some Democrats are in nomood to revisit a deal many considered awed. Ifanything, lawmakers are pushing for more sanc-tions, this time as punishment for Iran’s ballistic

missile program. In Tehran, hard-liners, whonever liked the nuclear deal, are urging moder-ate President Hassan Rouhani to scrap it. “Thepolitical space is closing,” says Tyler Cullis, alegal expert on the Iran nuclear deal and U.S.sanctions at the National Iranian AmericanCouncil, a group that advocates for closer rela-tions between the two countries. “The dangernow is that [President Barack] Obama is going toleave office in six months with his signature for-eign policy achievement on very shaky ground.”

Both Tehran and Washington insist they’recommitted to the accord. But Iran’s concerns

and the prospect of the deal collapsing were evi-dent in April, when Valiollah Seif, Iran’s centralbank governor, made a rare visit to Washington,ostensibly to attend the spring meetings of theWorld Bank and International Monetary Fund.At a sit-down with Treasury Secretary Jacob Lew,Seif demanded more sanction relief. “They needto do whatever is needed to honor their commit-ments,” the Iranian banker told an audience at theCarnegie Endowment for International Peace, aWashington-based think tank. “Otherwise, the

THE GREAT NUCLEAR

DEAL MELTDOWN

 Why the Iranian accord

could be unraveling 

BY

JONATHAN BRODER

 @BroderJonathan

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[nuclear deal] breaks up under its own terms.”Probably the biggest source of friction is

a U.S. law that bars Iran from using the U.S.nancial system and the American dollar, evenindirectly. The law, enacted in 2012, was aimedat punishing Iran for a variety of alleged sins:the country’s ballistic missile program, human

rights abuses and state-sponsored terrorism.Because these issues haven’t been resolved,there is virtually no chance Congress wouldrepeal the law in the foreseeable future, expertssay. As long as that statute remains in place, for-eign banks holding Iran’s funds in dollars willbe wary of doing business with the country.

In April, Secretary of State John Kerry metwith his Iranian counterpart, MohammadJavad Zarif, in New York to try to resolve someof these issues. They reportedly agreed on an

arrangement under which several Europeanbanks will process the transfer of roughly $6.4billion worth of Indian oil payments to Tehran.According to Cullis, the Iran sanctions expert,the deal also will cover the transfer of Iran’s oilrevenues locked up in Asian banks. It’s not clear,however, whether Iran will receive the money in

“AS SOON AS WESUSPEND OURMAJOR SANCTIONS,THE WORLD WILL

FLOOD INTO IRAN.”

+

STILL WAITING: Iranians werehoping for an

economic boost,but so far foreign

companies havebeen slow to

commit, fearful of violating U.S. laws

that restrict Iranfrom using the U.S.

banking system.

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PAGE ONE/IRAN

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end up violating the remaining sanctions. OnCapitol Hill, in addition to the push for furthermeasures—a move experts say could torpedo theaccord—some lawmakers are pressuring Boe-ing to pull out of a reported deal to provide Iranwith passenger jets and other services. “We urgeyou not to be complicit in the likely conversionof Boeing aircraft to IRGC warplanes,” the law-

makers wrote in a letter to Boeing CEO DennisMuilenburg in May. And in one more blow toIran, American pistachio growers convinced theadministration to slap a 200 percent tariff onIranian pistachios, effectively eliminating themfrom the U.S. market.

Earlier this month, as controversy surround-ing the nuclear deal continued to swirl, Kerryrejected any suggestion that the next president

might scrap it. Perhaps. But on this issue, Irangets a vote too. And if the promises of the accordremain unfullled, it’s not clear how long that

country’s embattled moderates can keep thedeal—and Obama’s legacy—alive.California pistachios, anyone?

dollars or some other currency.The Obama administration insists U.S. law

isn’t standing in the way of foreign banks doingbusiness with Iran in other currencies—providedthey aren’t dealing with sanctioned Iraniangroups, such as companies linked to the IslamicRevolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC). Over thepast few weeks, Kerry and other U.S. officialshave spread out across the globe to help foreignbankers understand the maze of Iran sanctionsand clarify potential penalties. “It’s just not ascomplicated as some people make it,” Kerry told

reporters in London on May 10.But so far, major European and Asian banks

haven’t been mollied. Many have asked forclear guidelines from Washington so they don’tnd themselves facing penalties like the nearly$9 billion ne that the French bank BNP Paribaspaid in 2014 for violating U.S. sanctions againstIran, Sudan and Cuba. U.S. officials won’t pro-vide specic guidelines, saying instead that ifbanks have a question, they should direct it to theU.S. Treasury’s Office of Foreign Assets Control,the federal agency that oversees sanctions.

Experts say foreign banks are reluctant toengage with Iran for other reasons too. They citeTehran’s outdated laws governing money laun-dering, as well as its lack of prohibitions againstterrorist nancing and corruption. “Because ofa lack of transparency, it would be hard to havecertainty that you’re not dealing with someonesubject to sanctions or engaged in illicit activity,”says Katherine Bauer, a former Iran specialist atthe Treasury Department.

As Tehran waits to see if the administrationcan ease the banks’ concerns, opponents of thenuclear deal have been as voluble as ever. Donald

Trump, the presumptive Republican presidentialnominee, calls the agreement “disgusting” andthe negotiators who crafted it “incompetent.”Hillary Clinton, the Democratic front-runner,has put more emphasis on the tough measuresshe’d take to counter Iran’s anti-U.S. policiesrather than expressing support for the deal.

Meanwhile, an inuential lobby, UnitedAgainst Nuclear Iran, is leading a major cam-paign to discourage European companies fromdoing business with Tehran, warning they could

IRAN HAS STILL BEENUNABLE TO ACCESS MOSTOF THE ESTIMATED$100 BILLION IT HOLDSIN FOREIGN BANKS.

IN THE MARKET: Iran has com-

plained that Wash-ington is prevent-ing the countryfrom rejoining theworld economy.

+

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NEWSWEEK 

0 5 / 2 7 / 2 0 1 6

TWO 

NUMBERS

ANNUAL

COST 

to taxpayersfor damage

caused by theseorganisms

NEW

INVASIVE

PESTS 

introducedto the U.S.

every decade

INVASIVE ORGANISMS ARE EATING U.S. TREES LIKE THEY’RE POTATO CHIPS

In the 20th century,chestnut blight and Dutchelm disease decimated billions of U.S. trees. Thetree diseases, caused byinvasive pests—a fungusspore from Japan and a beetle from the Nether-lands—changed the faceof one U.S. city landscapeafter another and costlocal governments andhomeowners a fortune.

Today, 63 percent ofU.S. forestland is at risk ofincreased damage fromestablished pests like theemerald ash borer, hem-lock wooly adelgid andothers, according to theU.S. Forest Service. Urbanand suburban trees arethe costliest casualties.

Removal and replantingare expensive, and loss oftrees from streets, yardsand parks hurts property values and robs commu-nities of the benets, suchas improved air quality.

Those costs are notevenly distributed:Homeowners who haveto remove dead treesfrom their properties arestuck with $1 billion ofthe costs compared withthe federal government’s$216 million and thetimber industry’s $150million burdens. In total,established tree pests arecosting Americans over$2 billion a year, accord-ing to a paper publishedMay 10 in the journal

 Ecological Applications. The problem is

growing; the studycalculates that 25 newpests enter the countryevery decade. The trendis due to escalating tradeand increased relianceon shipping containers. Almost all wood-boringinsects that have recentlyinvaded the U.S. enteredon wood packaging ma-terials within these con-tainers. While the federalgovernment requires that wood packaging material be treated to preventpest importation, thereare too many shipmentscoming in each day toinspect everything.

The solution is to

phase out natural woodpacking materials, saysforest ecologist and studylead author Gary Lovett,and use alternatives likepaper-based products.

The stakes are alreadyhigher than most realize.Forest pests are the onlythreat that can decimatean entire tree speciesin decades. We’ve beenlucky, Lovett says, not tohave yet encountered animported pest threat tothe Southeast’s loblollypine or the Northwest’sDouglas r, two of thecountry’s most commer-cially important trees.

SOURCE: ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS

Father Knows Pest

BY

CHRISTINA

PROCOPIOU

 @chrisprocopiou

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Kuwaitis are well-known for sup-porting people all over the worldwho are suffering from humani-tarian disaster. In fact it was in1953 that the Kuwaiti traditionof generosity was transferred togovernment policy and elevatedto cabinet level. This was the yearthat The Public Authority forthe South and Gulf was estab-lished. This government entity,far ahead of its time worked onSouth-South cooperation speci-cally needed to mitigate the hu-manitarian disasters and conictthat sprung up during this periodof decolonization.

The establishment of the Ku-wait Fund for Arab EconomicDevelopment (KFAED) soon fol-

lowed as a mechanism to dis-perse grants to people in need allover the Middle East. This man-

date since expanded to cover theworld, aimed primarily at con-struction, health and education.

Today, the amount of mon-ey dispersed by Kuwait spe-cically for humanitarian aidis staggering.

“We have contributed over$4.1 billion to humanitarian ef-forts recently and it has beenacknowledged by Ban Ki Moonand John Kerry, that per capita,Kuwait is by far the most gen-erous contributor in the world”,explains Dr. Sheikh MohammadAl-Salem Al-Sabah, Kuwait’s for-mer Minister of Foreign Affairs.

Most recently, this aid waslargely focused on alleviating thesuffering of the Syrian people,

whose civil war shows no signof abating. Within living memoryKuwaitis suffered full-scale war

when Saddam Hussein’s army oc-cupied their country in 1990. It isperhaps the memory of this tragicincident, and seeing similar imag-es in a neighboring country, thaton top of a tradition of kindnesshas led the government of Kuwaitto provide billions needed to feed,clothe, shelter and support theendless stream of refugees thathave ed the battleelds of Syria.

Even the Kuwait Red CrescentSociety (KRCS), which celebratedits 50th anniversary earlier thisyear, marked the event by launch-

ing a donation appeal to provideaid to the besieged Syrian town ofMadaya. Approximately 42,000people are suffering there, cut offfrom even basic food supplies.

Reecting on the willingnessof Kuwaitis to help strangers,Dr. Hilal Al-Sayer, Chairman ofthe KRCS remarked, “Giving andgenerosity are in our genes. FromNew Orleans to Syria, we arecommitted to being there andhelping in times of need. We un-derstand how fortunate we are.”

In fact United Nations (UN)Secretary General, Ban Ki Moonof cially acknowledged the gen-erosity of the Kuwaiti spirit. InSeptember of 2014 he conveneda special ceremony of the UNheadquarters in New York torecognize the role of Kuwait’shead of state, HH the Amir as ahumanitarian leader. During thisceremony he stated, “It gives megreat pleasure and honor to behere today to recognize the lead-ership of His Highness Sheikh Sa-bah Al Ahmad Al Jaber Al Sabah,

Amir of Kuwait… We are sittingtogether with a great humanitar-ian leader of our world”

HH the Amir has also workedto encourage other donor na-tions to provide more supportduring this time of humanitariancrisis. As recently as Februaryhe co-hosted a donor conferencein London aimed at increasingglobal contributions to support-ing the victims of humanitariandisasters.

Leading by example is clearlyan effective tactic, as UN Resi-dent Coordinator in Kuwait, ZinebTouimi-Benjelloun, notes, “Kuwaitis an example of a humanitarian

leader that we hope will inspireother countries to contribute sogenerously. This commitmentto the UN agenda is far beyondexpectations and recommenda-tions and we are thankful fortheir ongoing commitment andparticipation at the rst WorldHumanitarian Summit.”

Given the decline in oil priceand diminishing state budgets foroil exporting economies such asKuwait’s, some experts have pre-dicted that contributions will becurtailed. To this, Sheikh SalmanSabah Al-Salem Al-Homoud ASabah, Kuwait’s Minister of Infor-mation and Minister of State forYouth Affairs begs to differ, “Ofcourse with low oil prices we arecontemplating our future, but onhumanitarian matters Kuwait wilnot hesitate to support any needsfrom the international communi-ty, especially in the humanitarianefforts of the UN.”

Ahead of the World Humanitarian Summit in Istanbul, Kuwaitis break all records as humanitarian donors

K   UWAIT

One of the world’s highestper-capita donors for humanitarian aid

HH the Amir of Kuwait, Sheikh Sabah Al Ahmad Al Jaber Al

Sabah, with UN Secretary General Ban Ki Moon

PRODUCED BYGLOBUS VISION

Geoffrey Flugge, Aylin Parla,Fatima Ruiz-Moreno and

Marko Rankovic

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Although Kuwait had been pro-viding development assistanceprior to declaring independencein 1961, it was in that year thatThe Kuwait Fund was formallyestablished. The country itselfhad just entered the oil era andwas slowly improving its owndire economic situation at thetime. Despite this, it immediate-ly began to devote vast sums ofmoney to assisting neighbor-ing countries in the region.

As Robert McNamara, for-mer US Secretary of Defenseand President of the WorldBank recalled, “When first es-

tablished in 1961, the KuwaitFund was without precedent.Here was Kuwait, a tiny coun-try, until recently among thepoorest places on earth, estab-lishing a development fund inthe year of its political inde-pendence. While welcomingits new-found prosperity itwas declaring a willingness toshare its future wealth with itsArab neighbors.”

KFAED’s original mandatewas to assist the transition of

post-colonial countries in theMiddle East by constructingvital infrastructure, providinghealth services and improv-ing access to, and the qualityof education. This approachrapidly expanded beyond theArab World during more thanhalf a century of operations.Today, the fund has supportedthe financing of more than900 projects in 105 develop-ing countries, providing about$19 billion for their imple-mentation across the MiddleEast, Africa, Asia, Europe andLatin America, as the coun-

try’s appetite to help people inneed grew with its economy.

“We are blessed here in Ku-wait, we found a place wherewe were good traders andvery open minded. We cre-ated a very close communityand I believe that is how itstarted, we were helping eachother, sharing our wealth,”says Abdulwahab A. Al-Bader,Director General of KFAED.

Throughout its history, theKuwait Fund has been held up

as a premier example of South-South cooperation – that is,collaboration directly betweendeveloping countries.

Unlike most assistance ofthis kind, the issuing of grantsare not contingent on religion,ethnicity or political belief,but instead is based strictlyon the depth of need. Thelist of recipients continues togrow with the rise and fall ofeconomies and the emergenceof new nations.

According to Mr. Al-Bader,“We signed an agreement withour 105th country last year -

with South Sudan. Sometimes

things grow on you. I thinkthat helping others and givingis something that has becomea part of us, of our DNA. If wewent without it, it would be likewe were missing something”.

The historical generosity ofThe Kuwait Fund was instru-mental in turning worldwideopinion in favor of Kuwaitwhen it was occupied by Iraqin 1990. Amazingly KFAEDcontinued to operate even dur-ing this period, and its activi-ties were expanded followingthe US-led liberation in 1991and ramped up significantly

over the last 25 years.Global recognition for Ku-

wait’s role in humanitarian aidand development is a point ofpride for the nation and per-sonally for Mr. Al-Bader, whopoints out that, “The worldhas recognized the efforts ofH.H. the Amir and indeed thewhole country, and I am surethat we will continue our goodwork and participate fully andactively at the World Humani-tarian Summit.”

Development Fund expands support to 105th countryAt the heart of its humanitarian and development program, the Kuwait Fund for Arab Economic Development(KFAED) has shared the nation’s wealth for over 54 years with a focus on South-South cooperation. The Fund haspioneered development projects across the world, from constructing infrastructure, to health and education, andcontinues to expand its support network to help people in need

“I am sure that we

will continue ourgood work andparticipate fully and

actively at the WorldHumanitarian Summit”

Abdulwahab A. Al-Bader,

Director General, KFAED

The Kuwait Fund has supported the nancing of more than 900 projects in 105 countries

“We signed an agree-ment with our 105thcountry last year... I

think that helping othersand giving is somethingthat has become a part

of us, of our DNA”

Abdulwahab A. Al-Bader,

Director General, KFAED

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Although the telecommunica-

tions sector is best known forinnovation and technology, Ku-wait’s major players are heav-ily involved in supporting thecommunity in terms of eventsand initiatives. This extends tothe youth demographic now atthe heart of national economicdevelopment policy.

Ooredoo Kuwait, the coun-try’s premier mobile operatoris no exception. As its GeneralManager and Chief ExecutiveOf cer (CEO), Sheikh Moham-med bin Abdullah Al Thani

explains, “We have been veryactively focusing on the youthhere, as 41% of the population isunder 25. They are very outspo-ken, motivated, and entrepre-neurial, they want to try and dothings, so we have been engag-ing with them to support them.”

Ooredoo also sponsors andsupports the country’s major

national celebrations. Hala

Febrayer, as it is known in Ku-wait, is a month-long festivalrevolving around LiberationDay. The festival extends farbeyond marking the date thatthe US-led military coalitionfreed Kuwait from Iraqi oc-cupation in 1991. Today it isa celebration of Kuwaiti cul-ture, with concerts and eventsinvolving tens of thousandsof participants.

“We have sought and willcontinue to seek taking a keyrole in Kuwait’s national cel-

ebrations. As partners, it wasour pleasure to see people ofKuwait actively participatingin this year’s Hala Febrayercarnival,” says Sheikh Al Thani.

Considering that OoredooKuwait is a part of one of theworld’s largest mobile opera-tors, their high-profile com-munity involvement serves asa reminder of ease of doingbusiness in Kuwait. The coun-try has increasingly improvedits ratings in this area accord-ing to monitoring indexes.

Like Ooredoo, the KuwaitTelecommunications Company,better known as VIVA, has alsobecome heavily involved in sup-porting Kuwait’s development.

“The principal focus ofVIVA’s CSR (corporate socialresponsibility) strategy hasalways been based aroundeducation and development,

caring for the environment, in-

vesting in healthcare, encour-aging entrepreneurial thinkingand strengthening our bondwith society. The progressachieved by VIVA in keepingto these aims has resulted init being seen as more than justa telecom leader”, says VIVA’sCEO, Salman Bin AbdulazizAl-Badran.

VIVA’s contribution tohealthcare, including support-ing blood banks, and youthsport initiatives, touches onone of the core lifestyle is-

sues afflicting the ArabianGulf: diabetes. The prevalenceof this disease across the Gulfhas led Kuwait to focus its ef-forts on developing both medi-cal and lifestyle solutions. Thisincludes the establishment ofworld-class research institu-tions, including Kuwait’s Das-man Diabetes Institute.

New Director General of theInstitute, Dr. ais S. Al Du-wairi, says community engage-ment is a key factor in preven-tion and treatment.

“We encourage community-based research in order to ac-tively involve the communityand directly benefit the peopleenrolled in the study. Seminarsare steered to continuouslykeep the public up-to-date withthe latest discoveries of themanagement and treatment ofdiabetes. Furthermore, we of-

Private sector and institutions engage community, pioneer developmentAcross the country the private sector, together with academic and research institutions, is working to supportcommunity development and promote prosperity

Dr.ais S. Al Duwairi, Director Gen-

eral, Dasman Diabetes Institute

Sheikh Mohammed bin Abdullah

Al Thani, General Manager and

CEO, Ooredoo

Salman Bin Abdulaziz Al-Badran,

CEO, VIVA“(The youth) are very

outspoken, motivated,and entrepreneurial,

they want to tryand do things, so wehave been engaging

with them tosupport them”

Sheikh Mohammed bin

Abdullah Al Thani, General

Manager and CEO, Ooredoo

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fer complimentary healthcareand medical services to thepublic, including the distribu-tion of medicine and insulinpumps to those in need. I be-lieve this is all reflective on theKuwaiti culture entirely, as thecountry may be small in size,but its contributions are ones

that potentially save lives.”

Promoting gender equalityCooperation across the regionin education is also having atransformational effect onlifestyle and culture, which isperhaps best exemplified bythe work of Kuwait’s ArabOpen University. Increasinglythe university is working tochange perception of genderstereotypes and increase thepresence of women in leader-ship roles in the Arab world.

Describing the situation,Professor Moudi Al-Humoud,Rector of The Arab OpenUniversity (herself a formerminister) is outspoken on thetopic. As she told our corre-spondents, “The question ofwomen’s empowerment is topon our agenda. In Kuwait, andin the Arab region in general,women have great potential tohelp in the growth and devel-opment of their societies. But,in general, governments arenot taking women’s empower-ment seriously. Females formthe majority of the studentpopulation in universities: suchresources need to be utilizedmore effectively.

“Therefore, there is no ex-cuse, and the empowerment ofwomen is irreversible . Empow-ering here means that womenhave to be more involved inthe decision-making processat the government ministeriallevel, the undersecretary level,and consultation bodies in the

country… We are trying to pro-vide a role model; that is, Arab

women can be as efficient asmen. In this context, whatmatters is the individual per-son’s qualifications rather thantheir gender.”

Sustainable developmentthrough diversificationUnderpinning the involvementof Kuwait’s private sectorand civil society is of course,its economic prosperity. Thediscovery and development ofhydrocarbons since the 1960swas instrumental in catalyzingnational development. Howev-er the decline in oil prices hasnecessitated a vast reorienta-tion of the economy, wherebywise investment of natural re-source income into other sec-tors, both domestic and inter-national, is the only means ofproviding long-term, sustain-able dividends.

One example of this is Bur-gan Bank, a subsidiary of thecountry’s private-sector flag-ship the Kuwait Projects Com-pany (KIPCO). Establishedalmost 40 years ago, BurganBank has grown from a smalllocal bank to a young financialleader, becoming one of thecountry’s major players. Cur-

rently it is ranked third largestin Kuwait by assets. In recentyears it has actively expandedacross the Middle East, NorthAfrica and Turkey (MENAT)region by acquiring new busi-ness in these countries. Theseregional interlinkages allowthe bank to effectively managedomestic and international op-erations out of Kuwait.

“Burgan Bank Group fo-cuses highly on intergroupsynergies providing direct ac-

cess for our clients to regionaland international markets. Thebank’s majority-owned subsid-iaries operate directly in fivecountries with arms extendingfar beyond. Such a network en-ables the Group to provide so-phisticated financial solutionsfor both individual and cor-porate clients,” says EduardoEguren, CEO of Burgan Bank.

Like so many other busi-nesses, Burgan’s chief execu-tive sees a strong role for theprivate sector in supportingKuwaiti society. This extendsfar beyond dollars and dinars,in terms of employment andfinancial returns, but toucheson the responsibility local busi-nesses feel towards supportingthe community.

As Mr. Eguren explains,“The banking and privatesectors in Kuwait are highlyinvolved in making their oper-ating communities better. ForBurgan Bank, we have longbeen known to play a vitalpart in enhancing educationand knowledge, empoweringyouth, talents, and persons ofspecial needs, and in philan-thropic initiatives.”

Another institution thathas been committed to takingadvantage of strong opportu-nities in Kuwait and abroadis Gatehouse Financial Group.The Group is the Jersey-based

parent company of GatehouseBank, an investment bankbased in the City of London,and Gatehouse Capital, an in-vestment advisory firm basedin Kuwait City. The Group isbest known as a pioneer in realestate investment and finance,which it has taken as far afieldas the United Kingdom andSouth East Asia.

“Gatehouse FinancialGroup has a strategy of creat-ing bespoke investments and

advisory solutions for clientsto enter highly developed andsophisticated markets, in par-ticular the U.K. and U.S. Thisis in line with our efforts toform a bridge between thevast capital available in theGCC and South East Asia, andwestern international mar-

kets,” says Fahed Boodai, theGroup’s Chairman.To ensure a sustainable

future for Kuwait in the faceof low oil prices, the nation’sbanking and finance sector wilhave to launch new productsand services to new marketsto maintain strong balancesheets. Mr. Boodai is confidentthis can be done, stating that“I believe that there are manyplaces for further innovationand creating new markets andthe Gulf has really been a pio-

neer in much of this.”

Prof. Moudi Al-Humoud,

Rector, Arab Open University

Eduardo Eguren,

CEO, Burgan Bank

Fahed Boodai, Chairman,

Gatehouse Financial Group

 “In Kuwait, and inthe Arab region in

general, women havegreat potential to

help in the growthand development of

their societies”

Prof. Moudi Al-Humoud,Rector, Arab Open University

 “The principal focusof VIVA’s CSR

strategy has alwaysbeen based around

education anddevelopment, caringfor the environment,

investing in healthcareand encouraging

entrepreneurialthinking”

Salman Bin Abdulaziz

Al-Badran, CEO, VIVA

“The bankingand private sectors

in Kuwait are highlyinvolved in making

their operating com-munities better”

Eduardo Eguren,

CEO, Burgan Bank

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The Ministry of State for Youth Af-fairs, created in 2012, is chargedwith designing and implementingyouth-oriented strategies to em-power young people - the majoritystakeholders of the nation’s future.This approach has catalyzed ac-

tion across sectors, and includesstakeholders from the govern-ment, private sector, as well ascivic society, with a focus on prior-

itizing youth on every level.Within the framework of this

mandate, Kuwait is steadily mak-ing the switch from analog to digi-tal governance. The government isdetermined to keep pace with so-cial media usage as a far strongermeans for direct feedback andyouth engagement.

At the core of this approach isthe Hashtag Kuwait Conference(#Kuwait), a country-wide infor-mation and dialogue initiative de-signed to reach out to the nation’s

youth. So far, it has been heavilysubscribed to and expanded to themost popularly used social mediasites and apps in the country.

“We are looking toward a biggerrole for youth, especially those whoare active on the social media sites,to immunize their peers and to par-take in state building. The HashtagKuwait Conference is a clear mes-sage and demonstration that weare heightening our engagementacross digital and social mediaplatforms. We recognize that this ishow the youth really communicateand it is our job to facilitate thatand ensure that we can also oper-ate and offer services across those

platforms,” says Sheikh SalmanSabah Al-Salem Al-Homoud AlSabah, Minister of Information andMinister of State for Youth Affairs.

Despite its ancient and rich history,

Kuwait is in fact a young country.According to a recent census ap-proximately 74% of its citizensare under the age of 34, and thisstatistic has not escaped the at-tention of decision-makers. As aresult, over the last ve years, thepressing need to provide a sustain-able future for this growing youthdemographic has increasingly beenraised in national dialogues and

consequently incorporated into Ku-

wait’s development strategy.Perhaps most signicantly, con-crete wide-ranging policy measuresaimed at supporting the majority un-der-30 cohort began with the com-mencement of the National YouthProject (NYP) in 2012. The NYPwas initiated by no less a gure thanKuwait’s head of state, His Highness,Amir Sheikh Sabah Al Ahmad AlJaber Al Sabah, who directed thegovernment to undertake a numberof country-wide measures to ensurethat the state implemented a well-organized, far-sighted strategy for

its youth majority.This initiative began by calling

stakeholders to action from acrossthe country. The National YouthConvention, known as ‘KuwaitListens’, was implemented, whichin effect became a national townhall to gauge youth sentiment onthemes ranging across the socio-economic sphere.

“What has really made us unique,effective and successful in our youthempowerment initiatives is that it isa completely unied whole of coun-try approach. Everyone has been in-volved; government, private sector,NGOs, individuals, universities andanyone else you might think of,” ex-

plains Sheikh Salman Sabah Al-Sa-lem Al-Homoud Al Sabah, Ministerof Information and Minister of Statefor Youth Affairs.

This outreach was followed bya public forum, the Youth Councilof 2012, which was followed bythe establishment of The Ministryof State for Youth Affairs. Raisingthe youth issue to cabinet leveldemonstrated to citizens that Ku-wait’s top political leadership hadprioritized the matter.

The NYP, Youth Council, crea-tion of a youth-focused ministry

and a detailed National Youth Sur-vey have all been steps in the crea-tion of a specialized National YouthPolicy, which Minister Al-Sabahnotes, “…will be enforceable andpeople will be held accountable ifthey fail to carry out these policies.”

The importance of the youth tothe country’s future is well-under-stood by its leadership for very goodreason. As The Ministry of Statefor Youth Affairs’ Undersecretary,Sheikha Al-Zain Al-Sabah pointsout, “They are not just the new gen-eration; they are the new Kuwait.”

HH the Amir of Kuwait catalyzescountry’s approach to youth empowerment

Kuwaitis embrace the digital futurethrough stronger social media engagement

In 2012, HH the Amir, Sheikh Sabah Al Ahmad Al Jaber Al Sabah, created the Ministry of State for Youth Affairs,which is charged with designing and implementing youth-oriented strategies to empower the majority stakeholders inKuwait’s future. This approach has catalyzed action across sectors, including all stakeholders from the public and privatesector to prioritize youth on every level

Kuwait is steadily makingthe switch from analog todigital governance, keeping

pace with social mediausage – a far strongermodel for direct feedbackthat is much needed forbetter engagement of youth

“Youth empowermentis a long-term solution

to some of the mostimportant global issues”

Sheikh Salman Sabah Al-Salem

Al-Homoud Al Sabah, Minister

of Information and Minister of

State for Youth Affairs

“We are looking towarda bigger role for youth,

especially those whoare active on the social

media sites, to immunizetheir peers and to par-take in state building”

Sheikh Salman Sabah Al-Salem

Al-Homoud Al Sabah, Minister

of Information and Minister of

State for Youth Affairs

A female student addresses well-wishers during a graduation ceremony

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T E E NTHE

NEWSWEEK   0 5/27 /2016

ASK A BEDRAGGLED PARENT “WHAT DO TEENS THINK?”

AND YOU MIGHT GET, “THEY THINK?” SURE, THEIR BRAINS ARE STILL

DEVELOPING, AND THEIR THUMBS MAY BE STIFF FROM TEXTING,

BUT WHAT THEY KNOW AND FEEL AND DO IS VITALLY IMPORTANT.

AFTER ALL, THEY ARE THE FUTURE. JUST MAYBE NOT YOURS

IN 1966,  Newsweekpublisheda landmark cover story, “TheTeen-Agers: A Newsweek Sur-vey of What They’re ReallyLike.” The 18-page articleexamined the teen worldin ne detail: their heroes,

politics, sexual proclivitiesand shopping habits, as wellas what they thought about

Harris and Associates, andit also proled six teens indepth, including a black teengrowing up in Chicago, a

education, the world andtheir future. The article wasbased on an extensive surveyof nearly 800 girls and boysacross the country, conductedby famous pollster Louis

NEWSWEEK   0 5/27 /2016

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A G E R S

NEWSWEEK   0 5/27 /2016

California girl and an Iowafarm boy.

Fifty years later, Newsweek

president and witnessing therise of Donald Trump’s divi-sive politics, the teenagers oftoday are optimistic about yet

set out to discover what’schanged for American teen-agers and what’s stayed thesame. For a generation that’sgrowing up online, coming ofage with the rst black U.S.

wary of their futures. Newsweekalso tracked down all six teensproled in 1966 to nd outhow their lives have unfoldedover the past 50 years. Thisis the story of teens and racein America today.

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   T   H   E

 T E E N  A   G

 E R S

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WHAT DOTEENS WANT?

LESS RACISMBY ABIGAIL JONES

  COLOR

BIND

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cent. Twice as many teens today feel their parents havetried to run their lives too much (24 percent, up from 12percent in 1966). Fifty years ago, the ve most admiredfamous people were John F. Kennedy, Abraham Lin-coln, George Washington, Lyndon B. Johnson and HelenKeller, in that order. Today, pop culture rules, as President

Barack Obama, Taylor Swift and Beyoncé top the list, withSelena Gomez tying Lincoln for fourth place.More than half support gun control (55 percent), the

death penalty (52 percent), abortion rights (50 percent)and gay marriage (62 percent). (On gay marriage, AllisonMoseley, 16, of Cudahy, Wisconsin, says, “Love is love.”)

The most compelling ndings show that race is the cru-cial issue for teens today. In 1966, 44 percent of Americanteens thought racial discrimination would be a problemfor their generation. Now nearly twice as many—82 per-cent—feel the same way. The outlook is more alarmingamong black teens: Ninety-one percent think discrimina-tion is here to stay, up from 33 percent in 1966.

Recent headlines—police-involved shootings ofunarmed black men, the Black Lives Matter movement,Donald Trump’s xenophobic politics—reveal a countrydeeply divided on race, with seemingly little hope forreconciliation. For many black Americans, the entirecasino is stacked against them: They’re disproportion-ately affected by unemployment, poverty and a lack ofeducational opportunities. The U.S. has the highest incar-ceration rate in the world, and while blacks and Latinosmake up 30 percent of the population, they account for 58percent of the prison population. In 2013, the wealth gap

“I said one day, out of excitement, ‘I wanna be an FBIagent!’” recalls Brewer. “And my father said, ‘You’re notallowed in the FBI. They don’t allow blacks to be FBIagents.’” Brewer’s father was a steelworker with a sixth-grade education, and his mother didn’t make it past thefth grade. But Brewer, surrounded by gang violence,was convinced an education would get him wherever hewanted to go. So each morning, he took two buses and anL train to Lindblom Technical High School, where he gotA’s (and one B) and took honors courses. He dreamed ofgoing to college and studying architectural engineering.

“If teenagers have the right education, they won’t

have any problems,” he told  Newsweek in 1966, when hewas 15. “The gang members were taught this, but it justdidn’t sink in.… When they get to be 18 and it’s time toget a job, then they nd out that they need a good highschool education to land one. So crime is the easiest wayout. There’s no pressure like there is in school.”

Brewer’s story was part of a landmark 1966 cover story,“The Teen-Agers: A  Newsweek  Survey of What They’reReally Like,” that investigated the teen world in ne detail:their heroes, politics, spending habits and sexual procliv-ities, as well as what they thought about the world, theirparents and their future. The article was old-school jour-

nalism at its best: Correspondents in Newsweek

  bureausfanned out across the country, interviewing hundredsof teens as well as parents, psychologists, principals andother experts, while pollster Louis Harris and Associatesconducted an extensive survey of 775 teens.  Newsweek also proled six teens in depth: a farm boy from Iowa, aCalifornia girl, a Manhattan prepster, a free spirit fromBerkeley, a middle-school girl in Houston and Brewer.

This past fall, in anticipation of the 50th anniversaryof “The Teen-Agers,”  Newsweek  enlisted Harris Poll toconduct an online survey replicating key questions in theoriginal work and to expand on it. We asked 2,057 teens,ages 13 to 17, from diverse backgrounds and geographic

areas, about everything from politics and education toparents, sex, mental health and pop culture. The result,“The State of the American Teenager,” offers fascinatingand sometimes disturbing insights into a generation ofteens who are plugged in, politically aware and optimisticabout their futures yet anxious about their country.

Two-thirds of teens (68 percent), for example, believethe United States is on the wrong track, and 59 percentthink pop culture keeps the country from talking aboutthe news that really matters. Faith in God or some otherdivine being dropped from 96 percent in 1966 to 83 per-

GROWING UP IN THEPROJECTS OF CHICAGO’S

SOUTH SIDE IN THE 1960S,TOMMY BREWER USED

TO WATCH ABC’S THE FBI ON SUNDAY NIGHTSWITH HIS FATHER.

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91PERCENTAs of 2015, 91% ofblack teens think raciadiscrimination will bea problem for their

generation.

44PERCENTIn 1966, 44% ofteens thought racial

discrimination wouldbe a problem for theirgeneration.

20PERCENT20% of teens ages16-17 say they’vehad sex.

 33PERCENTIn 1966, 33% of blackteens thought racialdiscrimination wouldbe a problem fortheir generation.

82PERCENTAs of 2015, 82% ofteens think racial

discrimination willbe a problem fortheir generation.

86PERCENT86% of teensthink teen girls are

 judged worse forhaving sex thanteen guys.

20151966

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 TEENS’ PERSPECTIVESON SEX IN 2015

TEENS ON RACIALDISCRIMINATION

between whites and blacks reached its highest point since1989, according to the Pew Research Center: The wealthof white households was 13 times that of black house-

holds, and 10 times that of Hispanic households. Newsweek found that black teens today are more likelythan white or Hispanic teens to be aware of gun violenceand of police accused of killing innocent people. They’realso more likely to worry that they’ll be the victims ofshootings—at school, by police or in places of worship.And many teens, regardless of race or ethnicity, perceivethat black Americans are discriminated against, includ-ing the way they’re treated by police (62 percent) andtheir ability to access decent jobs (39 percent).

And what’s happened to Brewer’s seemingly indomita-ble optimism over the past 50 years, his unwavering faithin education? “I wouldn’t want to be growin’ up now,” he

says. “It was simpler back then. The choices you had werelimited, but they were good and positive. You had to workfor what you wanted, and if you were black, you had towork doubly hard…. To wake up every day knowing forthe rest of your life you’re gonna be broke, what’s a per-son to do? You’re not vested in America. We were vested.”

The supportive environment Brewer came of age inwas marked by family, community and the belief thathard work would pay off. For many today, those pillarshave been toppled. “Back in the ’60s, we had black pov-erty, but we also had black jobs,” says Kirkland Vaughans,

(

)

+

BLINDED: Rahman, left, says a friend assumed herfamily was in ISIS because they are from Bangladesh;Eboigbe has been mocked for her hair and her accent.

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MY SPIRITUAL BELIEFS ARE A POSITIVE

GUIDING FORCE TO ME * EQUALS 100%

12%

17%

 38%

 33%

Strongly Disagree

Somewhat Disagree

Somewhat Agree

Strongly Agree

1966 2015

96PERCENTBelieve in God

83PERCENTBelieve in God orother divine being

57PERCENTAbout three inve teens (57%)agree thatpeople should bemarried beforehaving sex.

47PERCENTA little less thanhalf of teens (47%)agree that the term marriage shouldapply only when it’sbetween a manand a woman.

 TEENS AND GOD

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 TEENS’ PERSPECTIVES ONMARRIAGE IN 2015

a psychologist who teaches at Adelphi University andco-authored The Psycholog of Black Boys and Adolescentswith Warren Spielberg. “You can be poor, but as long asyou have someplace to go, you have hope. Joblessness hasgrown, and the criminal-industrial complex has grown.”

At the same time, the U.S. population is on track to bea minority majority by 2060: Minorities will make up 56percent of the country, and in just four years, more than

half of all children in the U.S. will be part of a minoritygroup. What does the future look like for a country that’sstill wracked by racism, where four of ve teens believediscrimination will be a xture in their lives?

1966: THE ILLUSION OF CAREFREE

 NEWSWEEK’ S “The Teen-Agers” issue in 1966 hit news-stands with a young blonde on its cover—a Californiagirl in white Wranglers and a yellow sweater, sitting onthe back of a motorcycle, clutching a guy and ashinga spectacular smile. The scene encapsulated the ste-reotypical 1960s teenage experience: fast-paced, for-ward-thinking, titillating, seemingly carefree.

That original survey found teens were generally happy,liked school and felt extraordinary pressure to attendcollege. They owned records, transistor radios and ency-clopedias (today, smartphones, laptops and tablets dom-inate). It isn’t until the article’s fth page—after sectionslabeled “They’re Spoiled,” “The Place of Sex” and “Free-dom on Wheels”—that it admits, “There are also theNegroes,” before delving into a section called “HopefulOutsiders.” We learned about the aspirations of blackteens: Forty-one percent were “certain” they’d go to col-lege; their mood: 22 percent said they were less happy thanat 8 or 9, compared with 8 percent of the survey sample;

their family dynamics: 38 percent said parents exerted “alot of pressure” on them, compared with 18 percent of theentire group. And we heard about their fears: 31 percentthought life would be worse when they reached 21, com-pared with 25 percent of all teens.

We also met a 16-year-old black teen from Los Ange-les’s Watts (“Yeah, I was in [the riot]. I didn’t do none ofthe burnin’, but I was lootin’.”) who attended an almostentirely black high school, wasn’t sure he could get intocollege and felt “scared” of the future. Yet his optimismprevailed: “He still believes white employers will treathim fairly if he is ‘qualied.’ He is not bitter. ‘I’m notgonna drop out. If I can’t get into college, I’ll probably go

out and get a job.”One of the most positive notes on race came from

Brewer, who even had some sly thoughts on desegre-gation. “Most of the reason for prejudice is because weknow very little about each other,” he told  Newsweek  in1966. “Our neighborhoods are different, and so we havelittle contact. Every time some of us move into an area,they move out. Eventually we have to communicatebecause they are running out of places to move to.”

“The Teen-Agers” presented a generation optimis-tic about the future (even as its members sometimes

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feared it). And that’s not so surprising, since the civilrights movement was celebrating some major triumphsthen. Segregation in public schools had been declaredunconstitutional in 1954 with the Supreme Court’s deci-sion in  Brown v. Board of Education. By the early 1960s,

black Americans were staging sit-ins and freedom ridesin the South, challenging whites-only lunch counters andsegregated transportation. In 1963, more than 200,000Americans attended the March on Washington, whichconcluded with the Reverend Martin Luther King’s tran-scendent “I Have a Dream” speech. (He did not, how-ever, make the list of 13 famous people teens admiredmost in ’66.) The Civil Rights Act of 1964 was signed intolaw by President Johnson, banning discrimination basedon race, color, religion, sex or national origin.

School integration lurched forward, yet segregationpersisted. In 1965, Alabama state troopers and local policeassaulted civil rights demonstrators as they marched from

Selma to Montgomery. Officers charged into the crowd,some on horseback, wielding nightsticks and ring teargas, leaving more than 50 people injured on what becameknown as Bloody Sunday. Soon after, Johnson signed theVoting Rights Act of 1965, which prohibited discrimina-tory voting laws. “There was a sense of hopefulness—not just with African-Americans but with all people—that thecountry was generally on the right track,” says Arun Venu-gopal, host of  Micropolis, WNYC’s semi-regular show onrace and identity. “Economically, the country was doingreally well. A lot of jobs were being created. If you were

young, there was a sense that you had a good chance ofbeing gainfully employed. Minimum wage took you a lot

further then than it does today.”As a teen, Brewer had a clear vision of his future: acareer, not just a job; a family, but not until he could sup-port one. He earned a scholarship to Williams College,got his law degree at Northwestern and, a couple of yearslater, joined the FBI. “At the time, there were 118 blackagents out of almost 9,000. Me and another guy wereone of the few from the North, both from public housing,and that was unheard of in the bureau,” he says. He gotmarried at 30 (then married two more times; he has twodaughters, 32 and 26, and a 3-year-old son). He’s a judgeof the Cook County Circuit Court in Chicago, where heestimates that of the 480 people he has sentenced, only

 5 percent graduated from high school, and 99 percent ofthe men were unemployed or underemployed.

Brewer credits his success to his parents, his commu-nity and something impossible to replicate: the ’60s.“There was a big buzz about the possibilities for blacks atthe time. We knew changes were coming: Opportunitiesthat weren’t available before would be. The FBI would beavailable. We didn’t know how or when, but it was like, Beprepared! Education was a key,” he says. “It was almostlike a big candy factory was gonna open up for us. Today,the factory is open, but there’s not much candy.”

+

SIGN OF THE TIMES: In the midst of the civil rights move-ment and school desegregation, most teens in the ’60swere optimistic about their future, and race relations.

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2016: CIVIL RIGHTS AND WRONGS

MOST CHILDREN  growing up in America have accessto life-changing opportunities—like earning a collegescholarship or watching a brother marry his boyfriend—and minor privileges, like Googling the answer to anyquestion in recorded human history on a smartphoneand streaming Game of Thrones  during a math quiz.They can also watch video of 12-year-old Tamir Rice

playing with a pellet gun outside a recreation center—then getting shot dead a moment later by a police offi-cer. They can hear Eric Garner gasp “I can’t breathe” ashe’s placed in an apparent chokehold during an arrest,and they know that he’ll be dead in less than an hour.And they can witness massive protests erupt in Fergu-son, Missouri, after the death of 18-year-old MichaelBrown, an unarmed black teenager shot at least sixtimes, including twice in the head, by former police offi-cer Darren Wilson, who’s white.

A Guardian  study found that, last year, young blackmen were nine times more likely than other Americansto be killed by police. The Washington Post reported that

unarmed black men were seven times more likely thanwhites to die from police shootings last year. Accordingto a ProPublica analysis, between 2010 and 2012, blackteens were 21 times more likely to be shot dead thanwhite teens.

Racism has long been an American battleground, butit is seeping into everyday life in new ways. While the

country’s rst black president is nishing his secondterm, Trump is the presumptive Republican nominee inthe upcoming presidential election, energizing a baseThe Atlantic  describes as middle-aged white men with-out college degrees who don’t think they have a voice andfear outsiders. In September, Governor Paul R. LePage(RMaine) blamed local drug use on “guys with the nameDMoney, Smoothie, Shifty” who bring heroin to Maine

and “impregnate a young white girl before they leave.”Discrimination has roiled pop culture too. When not a

single person of color was nominated for best actor, bestactress, best supporting actor or best supporting actressat the 2016 Academy Awards, prominent black celebri-ties boycotted the show, and host Chris Rock said in hisopening, “You’re damn right Hollywood’s racist.” At thisyear’s Super Bowl halftime show, Beyoncé turned herperformance of a new song into a political statement onpolice brutality and racism. Conservatives were outraged:She and her backup dancers were dressed like the BlackPanthers! “You’re talking to middle America when youhave the Super Bowl,” former New York City Mayor Rudy

Giuliani said. “Let’s have, you know, decent, wholesomeentertainment and not use it as a platform to attack thepeople who, you know, put their lives at risk to save us.”

“Teenagers are growing up under this black president,

SHOW OF HANDS: The urry of police shootings involv-ing unarmed black men has spurred teens to be moreengaged in racial issues and join groups like BlackLives Matter and the NAACP.+

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1966

2015

Records  75%

90

TransistorRadio

75%72%

RecordPlayer

50%72%

Encyclopedia  64%

60%

Car  18%

8%

Weights  34%

0%

Guitar  27%

0%

Motorbike  20%

0%

Perfume 96%0%

PatternedStockings   67%

0%

Hair Dryer 65%0%

High Boots 56%

0%

None ofThese

2%2%

Motorcycle  2%

1%

Non-Smart-phone

12%10%

Car  11%

12%

DesktopComputer35%

29%

MusicalInstruments

29%36%

Journal orNotebook

34%58%

Tablet  48%

51%

Bike  61%

49%

LaptopComputer

55%62%

Smartphone  73%

78%

 TEEN GADGET OWNERSHIP,1966 VS. 2015

Boys Girls

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yet at the end of his presidency we are seeing a constantstream of police killings,” says Nikole Hannah-Jones, whocovers civil rights and racial injustice for The New YorkTimes. “I don’t know our kids are getting the tools to dealwith that. Research shows millennials are no better atrace than our generation because these kids still are notbeing educated together. Even when they are in the sameschool buildings they are not educated together. White

and Asian kids are tracked into higher-level classes, andblack and Latino kids are tracked lower.… Someone hasto give up something so someone else can get equality.”

But that’s not happening. “A black male with a col-lege degree looking for a job will not do as well as awhite male with a high school diploma looking for a job,” says Vaughans. “A black male without a criminalrecord will not do as well as a white male with a crimi-nal record if they get to an interview. If you are a blackmale with a name like Jujuan, or if you are a black maleand went to Howard, hang it up.”

Brewer’s success was exceptional—a product of hisstaunch optimism and determination but also his commu-

nity. Despite the tangle of violence and adversity in publichousing in the 1960s, “there were mothers and fathers—whole families,” he says. He grew up eating dinner everynight with his parents and ve siblings. No TV. No fastfood. Just home-cooked meals, family and conversation.“I didn’t know anyone who was chronically unemployed.And most fathers, if the son became 17 or 18, they couldtake them to their job and put ’em on. ‘You’re hired.’ Theyraised families on the money they made. But all those jobs changed,” he adds. “Now you have families disinte-grated…. We all looked at public housing as being upward-bound, not as a decline. It’s a different world today.”

Osariemen, 15, from Brooklyn, New York:  “The mostchallenging thing in my life is hearing bigots in myschool voice their opinion like no one will be offended,like they shouldn’t be held accountable....”

 Andrew, 17, from Ridgewood, New Jersey:  “Blacks andwhites are too confrontational about everything. I regardmyself as being liberal and progressive, but there’s noneed for confrontation. Black people now, so many ofthem, they’ve got this idea that everybody is attackingthem. We’ve gotta love each other. It’s not ‘them’ against‘us.’ It’s all ‘us.’ Black Lives Matter. Well, all lives matter.”

 Jorge, 13, from Las Vegas: “Race is a problem in mylife. In my school, I hear a lot of racist words. The black

teenagers say the N-word. They call Mexicans andAsians in a negative way. It feels bad.”

Shylee, 16, Tampa, Florida: “Black people try to separatethemselves. They even have their own TV network. Ifyou’re trying to all be equal, why are you separating your-self from everyone? I’m not racist. I think there’s denitelybad white people who don’t like black people, but there’salso bad black people who don’t like white people.”

Sophie, 16, Greensboro, North Carolina: “My dad makesan extraordinary amount of money, and we live in a verynice part of town.… I try to think about my privilege as

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12%

 TEENS’ PERCEPTIONS OF THEIR PARENTS

RUNNING THEIR LIFE

Not Sure Haven’t Run Life Too Much/No Have Run Life Too Much/Yes

16% 60% 24%

1966

2016

2% 86%

more diverse environment. “I thought people wouldn’t judge me based on how I looked. But people made fun ofmy hair and accent. If people are constantly throwing rac-ist comments at you, especially at