Next Generation Internet

M. A. Rahimi, VPNorthwestern University

Outline

Basic Internet ConceptsDevelopment of the Commodity

InternetNational Networking InitiativesImplications

Information Highway

“We must build the second generation high speed Internet ... 1,000 times faster than today’s Internet…”

“ …transmitting information to school children… at the speed of light…”

Digital Coding

Two symbol alphabet 0 1Binary ideal for electronicsBinary alphabet can encode any

information

Data

ASCII uses 7 bits1010111 is letter W1110111 is letter w

Flowers

Red, Yellow and Purple Flowers

Multimedia Requirements (No Compression)

Voice[8,000 samples X8 = 64 Kbps]Compact disk[44,100 samples per second

X 16 bits X 2 = 1.41 Mbps]Super VGA monitor [1024H X 768V X 8

bits = 6.3 Mb]Black and white TV [360 H X 288 V X 1 bit

X 30 f/sec = 3.1 Mbps]HDTV [1280 H X 720 V X 8b/color X 3

colors X 60 f/sec = 1.33 Gbps]

Inter-networking

Router

Ethernet LAN

Token Ring LAN

Router

Ethernet LAN

Token Ring LAN

Router

WAN

NSFNet

Michigan

CICNet

NU

Chicago

Illinois

CIC-NET

Technology Forces

Information Representation Digital Multimedia (New Media) More for less/better

Information Sharing Internet Growing/not better

Convergence: Applications and Industries

Voice/Telephone IndustrySound/Music and EntertainmentVideo/Television and EntertainmentData/Computer and Business

Application

Present Internet Inadequacies

45 Mbps backbone 1.54 Mbps most locationsUnpredictable availabilityUnpredictable delay

Lack of quality of serviceBest effort service

Response to Internet Commercialization

International

Internet2 and NGI

Internet2 University-led Research and education Business and Industry partners Government Support

Next generation internet Federal agency-driven Research support Agency mission-critical applications

I2/NGI Requirements

Research/ScienceTeaching/LearningElectronic CommerceEntertainmentHealthcare Etc.

Predictable Quality of Service

FUTURE

NGI will be in commercial use in three yearsNecessary standards will be establishedBandwidth will be plentifulNew Challenges

Tools Personnel Product and Services Realignments Customers

Industry Example

Higher EducationCore Business

Learning Discovery

Technology Forces Education/Learning

Massive Federal, State and Private Funding for Networking

Better and Cheaper EquipmentCapable toolsExpanded library of resourcesExpanded shared learning experiencesNew Generation of Technology Savvy

Students

Redefinition of Higher Education Industry

For-Profit Higher EducationRedefinition of Boundaries with other

industries

Effective Learning

We learn by doing Do then listen or read

We learn from personal failure followed by success Try, fail, improve, … and learn

We learn from doers stories We learn general principles from

cases

Technology Support for Effective Learning

Digital LibrariesOn-line ExpertsSimulation/GamesCollaboration EnvironmentTracking and Evaluation

Higher Education Industry Challenges

Make Learning more effective regardless of form Shift resources from support of old to new

paradigms Improve decision time

Eliminate artificial divide between practice and instruction

Provide a range of expert teachers otherwise unavailable

Shift emphasis from studying to doing Extend to new markets Many teachers for each student