1Expertly Engineering Safety From Fire®

NFPA 45NFPA 211NFPA 1600Prepared by: William E. Koffel, P.E., FSFPE

Objectives

• Overview of the NFPA process• Understand the scope and application of

NFPA 45, NFPA 211, and NFPA 1600• Understand some of the areas of each

document that may be of interest to APPA

Applicable Codes

• NFPA 45, 2015 Edition• NFPA 211, 2012 Edition• NFPA 1600, 2012 Edition

NFPA 45 Process Dates

• Public Input deadline – 01/05/17• First Draft posting – 09/07/17• Public Comment deadline – 11/16/17• Second Draft posting – 08/02/18• NITMAM Deadline – 08/30/18

Application – NFPA 45

• Applies to laboratories in which chemicals as defined are handled or stored

• Standard does not apply to:• Lab units with less than 4 L (1 gal) of flammables• Pilot plant laboratories• Laboratories with a hazard rating of 1 or less for all

categories• Manufacturing plants• Incidental testing facilities• Hazards associated with explosive material and

radioactive material

Scope of NFPA 45

• Provide basic requirements for the protection of life and property from fire and explosions in laboratories

• Control hazards and protect personnel• Establish a comprehensive laboratory fire

prevention and protection program

Retroactivity and Equivalency

• Unless specified in this standard, provisions do not apply to existing facilities and structures

• AHJ and unacceptable degree of risk• Equivalency

Chapter 3 - Definitions

• Chemicals – a substance with one or more hazard ratings as defined by NFPA 704 (health, flammability, instability)

• Educational Laboratory Unit – through 12th

grade• Explosive Material – explosive, blasting agent,

emulsion explosive, water gel, detonator• Instructional Laboratory Unit – past the 12th

grade and before post college

Definitions

• Laboratory Building – Principal use• Laboratory Unit – Enclosed area including

incidental• Laboratory Work Area – Room or space

for lab use• Inside Liquid Storage Area – Separated

room or building for storage of liquids –NFPA 30

Inside Storage Room – NFPA 30

Definitions

• Safety Can – Limited to 18.9 L (5 gal)• Storage Cabinet – For storage of

flammable and combustible liquids and complies with NFPA 30 Section 9.5

Chapter 4 – Laboratory Unit Hazard Classification• Class A – high fire hazard• Class B – moderate fire hazard• Class C – low fire hazard• Class D – minimal fire hazard• Instructional Laboratory Units – Class C or

Class D

Lab Classification

Chapter 5 – Laboratory Unit Design and Construction• Maximum area of laboratory unit based on

• Fire hazard classification• Construction• See Table 5.1.1

Additional Requirements

• Labs in Educational Occupancies – 1-hr separation

• Alternative Suppression System Allowed• Floor Seal and Floor Curbing Prevent

Liquid Leakage• Fire Barrier Requirements per NFPA 101

Additional Requirements

• Occupancy Classification in NFPA 101• Class A, B, and C lab units – Industrial• Educational laboratories – Educational• Instructional Laboratories for past 12th

grade - Business

Means of Egress• Second Means of Egress Required if:

• Explosion hazard• Class A work area exceeds 46.5 sq m (500 sq ft)• Class B, C, or D work area 93 sq m (1,000 sq ft)• Hood adjacent to primary means of egress• Compressed gas cylinder larger than lecture bottle size

location• Cryogenic container location

• Class A and B – door swing direction of egress• Emergency Lighting if second means of egress

required

Chapter 6 – Fire Protection• Minimum Requirements

• Portable Fire Extinguishers• Fire Alarm Systems• Evacuation and Emergency Plans

• Automatic Sprinkler Protection• All new laboratories• Class A and B – ordinary hazard group 2• Class C and D – ordinary hazard group 1• Quick-response sprinklers• NFPA 25 Maintenance

• Automatic Suppression to activate fire alarm

Chapter 6 – Fire Protection

• Standpipe and Hose Systems• 2 or more stories – standpipes required• NFPA 25 Maintenance

• Portable Fire Extinguishers • NFPA 10• Class A – extra hazard spacing• Class B, C, and D – ordinary/moderate

hazard spacing

Chapter 6 – Fire Protection

• Fire Alarm Systems• NFPA 72• Class A and B – manual fire alarm system• Audible alarm• Tie to local emergency responders or the

public fire department• Fire Prevention Procedures• Maintenance Procedures• Emergency Plans

Chapter 7 Laboratory Ventilating Systems and Hood Requirements• Specific details beyond scope of

presentation• Applies to:

• Chemical fume hoods• Special local exhaust devices• Other systems for exhausting air from

laboratory work areas

Chapter 8 – Chemical Storage, Handling, and Waste Disposal• Limit spill less than 5 gal• Handling

• Trained personnel• Class 1 liquids not transferred in exit access

corridor• Chemicals outside storage maintained at

lowest level necessary for work• Refer to SDS

Chapter 8 – Chemical Storage, Handling, and Waste Disposal• Storage

• Chemical inventories• Max allowable quantities reduced based on stories

above grade:• Class B above Floor 3: 50%• Class C and D Floors 4-6: 25%• Class C and D above Floor 6: 50%

• Class I flammable, and Class II combustible liquids not in use must be stored in safety cans or in storage cabinets

• Storage in fume hood prohibited

Chapter 9 – Flammable and Combustible Liquids• Quantity Limitations

• Density and total amount outside of flammable liquid storage rooms shall not exceed quantities in Table 9.1.1(a) and (b)

• Maximum quantities based on lab classification

Chapter 9 – Flammable and Combustible Liquids• Container Capacity Limitations

• Container types and maximum capacities must comply with Table 9.1.2

Chapter 9 – Flammable and Combustible Liquids• Liquid Dispensing

• Dispensing Class 1 liquids in containers less than 5 gal• Dispensing Class 1 liquids greater than 5 gal• Class I transferring of containers greater than 1 gal

(4 L) must be grounded

Chapter 10 – Compressed and Liquefied Gases• Cylinders not in use cannot be stored in

the laboratory unit• Quantity of compressed and liquefied

gases to comply with Table 6.3.1 of NFPA 55

• Instruction laboratory work areas –quantities limited to 10% of NFPA 55 quantities or 10 lecture bottle sized cylinders

Other Chapters

• Chapter 11 – Laboratory Operations and Apparatus

• Chapter 12 – Educational and Instructional Laboratory Operations

• Chapter 13 – Hazard Identification• Entrances to laboratories identified by signs

indicating hazard of contents• Labeling of containers

NFPA 211 Process Dates

• Public Input deadline – 01/05/17• First Draft posting – 09/07/17• Public Comment deadline – 11/16/17• Second Draft posting – 08/02/18• NITMAM Deadline – 08/30/18

Application – NFPA 211

• Design, installation, inspection, and maintenance of chimneys, fireplaces, venting systems, and solid fuel-burning appliances

Chapter 4 – General Requirements

• Sizing and Draft• Termination (Height)• Enclosure• Venting Systems in Ducts• Flue Lining• Caps and Spark Arresters

Additional Chapters

• Chapter 5 – Selection of Chimney and Vent Types

• Chapter 6 – 13 – Specific requirements for each type

• Chapter 14 – Maintenance• Chapter 15 – Inspection of Existing

Chimneys

NFPA 1600 Process Dates

• Public Input deadline – 01/05/17• First Draft posting – 09/07/17• Public Comment deadline – 11/16/17• Second Draft posting – 08/02/18• NITMAM Deadline – 08/30/18

Application – NFPA 1600

• Establishes a common set of criteria for all-hazards disaster/emergency management and business continuity/continuity of operations programs

Table of Contents

• Chapter 4 – Program Management• Chapter 5 – Planning• Chapter 6 – Implementation• Chapter 7 – Training and Education• Chapter 8 – Exercises and Tests• Chapter 9 – Program Maintenance and

Improvement

Annexes

• Annex A• Multiple resource annexes

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William E. Koffel, P.E., FSFPEwkoffel@koffel.com

Koffel Associates, Inc.8815 Centre Park Drive,

Suite 200Columbia, MD 21045-2107

410-750-2246www.koffel.com