Nguyen Hoang Trung

Nguyen Le Quyen

BRIEF CONTENTA.INTRO

B.CHEMISTRY OF CARBON

C.TYPE OF CARBON

D.CARBON’S BONDING

PATTERN

E.ISOMERS

F.CHEMICAL BONDING THEORY

G.STRUTURE OF ORGANIC COMPOUND

H.PROPERTY OF ORGANIC COMPOUND

I.SOLUBILITY,STABILITY,ACID-BASE

A.INTRO-Carbon is the fourth most abundant element in the

universe by mass after hydrogen, helium, and oxygen.

-It is present in all known lifeforms( the human body carbon is the second most abundant element by mass about 18.5% after oxygen.

- this element the chemical basis of all known life.B.CHEMISTRY OF CARBON-Group 14-Atomic number:6-Valence electron (electron in outer shell):4-can bond with up to four other atoms (usually H, O, N,

or another C). - graphite, diamond, and amorphous carbon

C.TYPE OF CARBON

-Three main forms of Pure Carbon• Diamond• Rigid, compact, strong and hardest

– Graphite• Soft and slippery

– Fullerenes• Large hollow spheres/cages of carbon (like a

soccer ball)

Question: Why do we have the various properties of forms of carbon in different allotropes? ex: graphite and diamond have the opposite characteristic

D.CARBON’S BONDING

PATTERN

*Have different way to make up

the bond

- Carbon-to-carbon bonds can

be single (A), double (B), or

triple (C).

-Carbon-to-carbon chains can be (A) straight, (B) branched, or (C) in a closed ring.

-With oxygen: The double bonds between Carbon and oxygen

-With hydrogen: The single bonds between Carbon and hydrogen

E.ISOMERS

a. Definition: Isomers are different molecules with the same molecular formula

- they have different chemical and physical properties

b. Some example :isomers of carbon

F.CHEMICAL BONDING THEORY

-The theory show the way OF making the bonding

1. Octet Rule

-For most atoms of interest this means achieving a valence shell configuration of 8 electrons corresponding to that of the nearest noble gas

2. Electronegativity

- the ability of an atom to attract electrons

3. Ionic Bonds- When ionic bonds are formed atoms gain or

lose electrons to achieve the electronic configuration of the nearest noble gas

4. Covalent Bonds- occur between atoms of similar

electronegativity

- Atoms achieve octets by sharing of valence electrons

G.STRUTURE OF ORGANIC COMPOUND

1.With hydrogen

-Hydrocarbon: organic compound containing ONLY C and H

*Saturated hydrocarbon: are single covalent bonds

-Also called alkanes , including straight chains, branched chains and rings

*Unsaturated Hydrocarbons: contains one or more double or triple bonds

-Including Alkenes , Ankynes, Aromatic Hydrocarbons

2. With oxygen-alcohol, glucose,

-Esters:

-Ethers

-Ketones

- Aldehyde formate

-Some times : some organic compound between carbon and nitrogen, chloride, sulfur

ex: CH3NH2, CH3Cl , amino acid

H.PROPERTY OF ORGANIC COMPOUND

a. Definition

-An organic compound

-Inorganic compounds : they are not—organic compounds

b. Compare between 2 kinds of compound

Organic compound Inorganic compound

Produced by living things

Produced by non-living natural process (or by

human intervention in lab)

More diversity Less diversity

Contain carbon backbone

Not contain carbon backbone

contain carbon-hydrogen bonds

Not contain carbon-hydrogen bonds

Not contain metal atoms

contain metal atoms

Most important

-diversity of organic compound

Ex: difference in arrangement between molecules will get a new compound

-C2H6O: 2 compounds

a.C2H5OH:We have alcohol

b.H3C-O-CH3: Ether

-Whereas, inorganic compound not have this property

Ex: HCL or H2SO4

I.SOLUBILITY,STABILITY .ACID-BASE-Most organic molecules are usually soluble in

organic solvents

(e.g. diethyl ether, dichloromethane, chloroform, petroleum ether, hexanes etc

-some organic molecules are also soluble in water.

-group in a water-soluble compound : Question: Why Do Some Solids Dissolve in Water?

-Compounds (insoluble in water) :dissolve in aqueous acid or base if they form an ionic species.

Ex: The solubility of carboxylic acids and phenols in aqueous hydroxide

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