nhd info: write this down!nmbhglobalstudies.weebly.com/uploads/6/3/9/9/6399603/... · 2019. 2....
TRANSCRIPT
NHD Info Write this down
bull NHD for the rest of the year bull You will not complete the last paper bull You will need to have in your final project
ndash A thesis statement that answers the question How did your event effect history and why did it occur
bull We will have about 4-5 more computer lab frac12 dayshellip to gather all the rest of your necessary information and complete 40 sources BRING A FLASH DRIVE TO SAVE WORK FOR HOME
bull Complete final project outside of class
Unit 6 The Age of Catastrophes-Depression and
WWII
Effects of WWI
bull War Debt- stifling European economies
bull Red Scare- West feared Communist uprisings in their own countries leading to ndash Anti-immigrant legislature of
people perceived as communist threats
ndash Jailing Aggressive Interrogations and Deportation of people believed to have any connection to communism
bull Pursuit of Peace ndash Kellog-Briand Pact outlawing
war and signed by all major nations but no way to enforce
ndash Disarmament Reduction in weapons and military-but no one could agree on how much
THE COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE WARS 1 RUSSIA
Communist Government of Lenin 1922
bull Communist Government of Lenin 1922 ndash Elected Electorate ndash All power in the hands
of workers and peasants
ndash Old Russian Empire united under Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)
ndash Reality Party not the people ruled through secret police and army
Lenin‟s NEP New Economic Policy
bull Compromise between Communism and Capitalism ndash Government controls
banks trade and large industries small businesses left for personal profit
ndash Economy recovered from WWI
Joseph Stalin gains Control
bull 1924-Lenin Dies bull Stalin (born Joseph
Djugashvili-took name Stalin (man of steel when he joined the Bolshevik revolution) ~vid 127 part 2
bull Lenin warned he was too ambitious to be in control
bull Stalin placed his supporters in top positions thus ensuring his vote as head of the party
bull Had is rival Trotsky assassinated in Mexico in 1929
Stalin‟s Five-Year Plans
bull Goal Make USSR a modern industrial power ndash Build Heavy Industry
Improve Transportation Increase Farm Output
ndash 1929 Totalitarian State One party Dictatorship controlling every aspect of life bull Terror censorship and
secret police bull Propaganda boosted
successes hid failures called for extreme nationalism-loyalty to state above family
Industrial Growth
bull Command Economy ndash Pure Communist Economy ndash Government made ALL basic economic
decisions bull Owned all businesses and allocated all
resources to the people ndash Bonuses for those who reached
production goals ndash Punishments for those who didnrsquot ndash Mixed Effects
bull Large industrial improvements in heavy industry but shortages in other areas
bull Successful individuals improved their livelihood others wages low and problems getting consumer good
ndash Clothing cars refrigerators
Agriculture bull Formed Collectives-
large communal farms owned and operated by peasants (no private property except home and belongings) ndash Turned over animals
and farm equipment to the collective
ndash Peasants Rebel kill animals destroyed tools burned crops bull Stalin ordered army to
respond with machine guns killing crowds of people peasantsrsquo lands confiscated and sent to forced labor camps
bull Famine killed 5-8 million people in certain areas
The Great Purge
bull ldquoShow Trialsrdquo ndash Public tortures of party
activists war heroes mangers writers citizens forcing them to confess to crimes of counter revolution or not meeting production goals
bull Effects ndash Stalinrsquos power increased
(why) ndash Vulnerable military because
leaders killed ndash 4 million people killed by
purges another 16 million ldquodisappearedrdquo or killed during other uprisings
THE COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE WARS
2 THE UNITED STATES
Globalization of the Economy
Begins
bull Economies turn from local production and consumption to a global market ndash Cheap raw materials from Latin
America Asia and Africa pour into Western Nations lowering production costs
ndash Farmers miners and others in this sector of the economy in Europe and United States see demand for their products and their economic stability slump
bull Unions fought and won higher wages for factory workers = higher price of products ndash Farmers Miners etc could no
longer afford industrial products ndash Factory production begins to
slump bull People ignore the signs
Roaring 20s of the US
bull Europersquos industry destroyed post world war
bull US steps in as leading world economic power ndash Name some new
inventions of the early 20th century
ndash Mass consumerism begins because they wanted them all
ndash Gimme that Plastic- Buying on Credit begins-Canrsquot pay right now No problem-buy now pay later
bull People believed there would be never ending prosperity in the United States ldquoThe USrsquos business is businessrdquo President Coolidge said
Women find new Freedom
bull Showed they were strong and independent during War Time Economy ndash Gained right to vote in US
in 1920 bull New inventions freed up
time ndash Vacuums for Floors ndash Dishwashers for plates
bull Now what will these housewives do ndash Flappers Women pushed
up their hemlines chopped off their hair began going out at night without their fathers or older brothers and more women got college educations
Chief Check 59 1 What was the Kellog-Briand Pact 2 Why did the US not join the League of Nations
(we discussed this last unit it is not in your notes- use the political cartoon to the right)
3 How did Stalinrsquos economic plan differ from that of Leninrsquos
4 How did the peasantrsquos react to Stalinrsquos agricultural plan
5 What are the ldquoShow Trialsrdquo of Stalin 6 What caused the demand for raw materials in the
US to go down thus causing less people to buy industrial products because they couldnrsquot afford them leading industrial production to decrease as well
A Great Purge B Black Tuesday C Collectives D Totalitarianism E Globalization
7 How did new inventions give women more freedom
8 What is a flapper
bull All people wanted a piece of the booming 20rsquos Stock Market
bull Speculation ndash Buying stocks believing
they would go up and up ndash Like their refrigerators
people bought these stocks by ldquomargin buyingrdquo- paid for part and rich stock brokers paid for the rest with interest bull Uncertainty in the market
in autumn of 1929 lead Brokers to ask these investors to pay NOW
bull Only way to pay at this time was to sell their stocks bringing the market further down
bull PANIC set in More and more people continued to sell to salvage what they could
The Crash of bdquo29
Great Depression Begins
bull Video
bull Government Reaction ndash President Hoover stuck
to firm capitalist viewhelliphow should the government intervene in this slumping economy Did this help
ndash Franklin D Roosevelt elected in 1932 stated government MUST TAKE ACTION bull Creates his New Deal of
the 3 Rrsquos Relief Recovery and Reform
What do you call this
FDR‟s New Deal bull Relief
ndash Subsidies to farmers suffering from The Dust Bowl and sinking production
ndash Unemployment Benefits
bull Recovery ndash Public Works Programs
Funded government paid jobs to build roads museums parks bridges schools
bull Reform ndash Deposits at Banks
ensured by government ndash Social Security benefits
for retirement and disability
Houses were shut tight and cloth wedged around doors and windows but the dust came in so thinly that it could not be seen in the air and it settled like pollen on the chairs and tables on the dishes ~ Grapes of Wrath
Global Economic Crisis bull How were European economies after WWI
ndash American Banks crashing during 1930rsquos and stopped loaning to foreign governments
ndash US government demanded the Europeans repay their war debthellipbut unable
bull US tried to compensate by raising tariffs (which are) ndash Backfired-others raised their tariffs to
compensatehellipshutting each other out of the global market
THE COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE WARS
3 CHINA AND JAPAN
After the Open Door Policy
bull How was Chinarsquos Republic after it was open to trade
bull 1912 Became a military state-warlords took advantage of local communities fighting and famine throughout China
bull What did Japan get from the Treaty of Versailles (reason they entered) ndash Japan seeks greater power to
make China a protectorate (internally free internationally a territory of another country)
Japan After the War
bull Control by Emperor Hirohito 1926 ndash Became the China of
the 19th Century (all goods made in Japan using cheap labor)
ndash Nationalism rose over the ldquoYellow Perilrdquo (which is)
ndash Military domination in the government by 1937 bull Children were taught
ldquoThe Way of the Subjectsrdquo or how they were to give total obedience to the government and emperor
Japan Invades China
bull Manchurian Incident ndash Blew up their own
Japanese railroad line in Manchuria China-blamed Chinese
ndash 1931 Japan invaded Manchuria bull Leaders of China ignore
and continue fighting each other
bull 1937 Japan Bombs major cities such as Beijing
bull Rape of Nanjing ndash Japanese enter city killing
hundreds of thousands brutalizing thousands more (video)
THE COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE WARS 4 ITALY
Effects of WWI on Italy
bull Disappointed Why ndash Nationalism soared
bull Veterans and peasants in
economic ruin
bull Constant uprising and
need for strong control
Fascism bull Lead to the creation of
the Fascist Party by Benito Mussolini ndash Based on fasces
(sticks wrapped around an axe) the Roman symbol of authority
ndash Goal to create a non communist authoritarian government bull Glorifying action
violence discipline and absolute blind obedience to the state
bull Antidemocratic rejecting reason and equality
bull Echoed Expansion under idea of Social Darwinism (which is)
Mussolini‟s Italy
bull Given the Prime Minister position by King to avoid conflict
bull 1925 Seized more power called Il Duce (eel doochay) ndash Censorship ndash Secret Police ndash Corrupt elections given Fascist
leaders control bull Fascist party members
(individually) controlled business not the government
bull Men called to ruthless military duty
bull Women called to motherhood bull Strict military style education
glorifying Rome and Italy
THE COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE WARS 5 GERMANY
Review Effects of the Treaty of Versailles
bull In 1919 created a democratic Weimar Republic
bull Who was blamed for WWI bull What did they have to pay
ndash Reparations killing economy bull What important economic areas did
they lose ndash Coal rich industrial towns no longer in
their control bull Answer to economic problem Print
More Money Why is this a problem ndash Principle of Supply and Demand-Supply
high value lessons ndash Leads to massive inflation
bull Look for scapegoats-some blamed the Jewish people (why)
Dawes Plan bull World Rallied to
help Weimer Republic ndash France
withdrew from Coal rich Ruhr Valley
ndash US France and Britain lower reparations payments
bull Recovered but then killed again by Great Depression
Rise of Adolf Hitler
bull 1920 National Socialist German Workers party created (Nazirsquos-not socialists at all) ndash NOT SOCIALIST-
FACIST (what is this)
bull Urged Germans all over the world to unite and expand
bull Demanded Germany needed a strong leader or Fuhrer
Mein Kampf bull Published Mein Kampf
ldquoMy Strugglerdquo 1925 ndash Outlines Nazi ideology
and goals bull Extreme Nationalism bull Superiority of the Germans
Throw off the chains of the Treaty of Versailles and create a world dominated by the superior German Aryan Race
bull Anti-Semitism (what is it) ndashBelief Jews were conspiring to overthrow the government states that the gassing of thousands of Jews would mean that the sacrifice of millions of soldiers will not be in vain
Hitler‟s Democratic Take-over bull What 2 main circumstances in Germany played into Hitlerrsquos rise
bull Promised to end reparations create jobs and arm Germany for the
future
bull Nazis gained more and more legislative seats
bull By the democratic process Hitler elected Chancellor (leader) in 1933
bull Took 1 year to suspend civil rights and disbanded all opposing
political parties executing any party members he believed were
disloyal (speech)
Hitler‟s Third Reich
bull Why the Third Reich bull Totalitarianism
ndash Power by what means bull Economic
ndash Public Works programs (which are) bull Highways trains housing bull Rebuilt industry through arms
development bull Employment soaredhellipthe people
cheered
bull Social Policy ndash Hitler Youth indoctrinated with
racism and absolute loyalty ndash Censorship toward pure German
Society (burned books propaganda) ndash Pure Aryan women rewarded for
having babies turned away from universities and upper level positions
Cultural Purge
bull Churches Close ndash Hitler Christianity
ldquoweakrdquo ndash All Protestant
faiths combined into a state church indoctrinating Aryan superiority
ndash Some Catholic churches closed if spoke out against Nazi regime
Nuremberg Laws 1935
bull Laws stated Jewish people could NOT
bull Marry non Jews
bull Attend or teach in German
schools
bull Hold Government positions
bull Practice Law or Medicine
bull Publish Books
bull Urged the unprovoked
beatings of Jewish people in public ndash Effect many German Jews like Albert Einstein fled
Night of the Broken Glass ldquoKristallnachtrdquo
bull November 7 1938 a young Jew who had watched his parents be mistreated in Germany shot a German diplomat in Paris ndash From article Specifically
why was Grynszpan mad ndash Goebbels and Hitler want
who to rise up and attack the Jewish people Did this happen Who did
bull Hitler reacted by attacking Jewish communities (called) ndash Destroyed buildings burned
synagogues and dragged Jewish people into the street for public beatings
World Reaction
bull World swiftly and negatively reacted to The Night of the Broken Glass
bull Hitlerrsquos response ndash Make the Jewish people
pay for the damage ndash Increase his campaign by
forcing them into concentration camps (what are these)
ndash Began plotting his ldquofinal solutionrdquo (which was)
ldquoWork makes one Freerdquo
bull ldquoThe Nazis came first for the Communists But I wasnrsquot Communist so I didnrsquot speak up Then they came for the Jews but I wasnrsquot a Jew so I didnrsquot speak uphellipThen they came for the unionists but I was a Protestant so I didnrsquot speak up Then they came for me By that time there was no one left to speak uprdquo ndash Lutheran Minister Martin Niemoller
bull What lesson can be learned from this
Critical Thinking
bull Find 6 similarities between the Totalitarian
States of the USSR Italy and Germany
APPEASING THE ENEMY
Policy of Appeasement 1936 bull Appeasement Giving
into the demands of aggressors in order to keep peace ndash West did everything from
weak sanctions to ignoring aggressive behavior to avoid War bull Italy invaded Ethiopia
1935 ndash League of Nations (whorsquos
involved) passed economic sanctions but couldnrsquot enforce them
bull 1936 Germans invaded the Rhineland (demilitarized no manrsquos land protecting France from Germany)
ndash France and Britain turn a blinds eye
ndash WHY
1935 US Passes Neutrality Acts
bull Neutrality Acts ndash US will not do the
following with
countries at war bull Sell arms
bull Loan money
bull Have Americans
travel on their ships
(why)
1936 The Axis of ldquoEvilrdquo
bull Germany Italy and
Japan form an
alliance to ldquoend
communismrdquo ndash Really an
agreement to NOT
stop each other
from expanding
1936 Spain falls to Fascist Franco with Nazi Germany‟s help
bull Germany bombs Guernica Spain as a dress rehearsal for their new war planes- 1600 innocent civilians were killed
A neutral Europe
bull On your map choose a color for countries that remained as neutral as humanly possible in this case Color and label the following (Good practice for the Map Quiz tomorrow) ndash Switzerland ndash Sweden ndash Republic of Ireland ndash Portugal ndash Spain
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Germany
ndash Italy
ndash Northern Africa
German Expansion
bull What were Hitlerrsquos goals ndash Unite Germans
everywhere ndash Create more living
space bull 1st Move 1938 Annex
Austria his birthplace (easily fell Europe did nothing)
bull 2nd Move 1938 Demand the annexation of the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia which was home to mostly Germans
ndash Munich Conference-Germany ldquopromisedrdquo to not invade any more land so Britain and France persuaded Czechs to surrender the territory
bull Soon to be Prime Minister of Great Britain (1940) Winston Churchill said of the decision ndash ldquoThey had to
chose between war or dishonor They chose dishonor they will have warrdquo
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Austria
ndash Czechoslovakia (Find Czech Republic and
Slovakia) Color them both in
Assignment bull Create your own political cartoon that
expresses the effects of Appeasement and Neutrality upon Europe ndash Create a Catchy Title and Write it on the Top
line in Marker ndash Draw the Picture in the box and COLOR and or
use BLACK MARKER to outline any pencil markshellipyou will not be graded on your drawing ability but you will be graded on your creativity use of historical information neatness overall effort and your ability to stay on task
ndash Sign the bottom
Nazi-Soviet Pact 1939
bull August nonaggression pact between Germany and Soviet Union signed ndash Would not fight if the
other went to war ndash Divide Poland and
Eastern Europe between them bull Soviets reason Gain
territory and time to build arms
bull Germany free to take Poland avoid a two front war (why)
The Poland Promise
bull Hitler didnrsquot stop at the Sudetenland and took more and more of Czechoslovakia
bull Britain and France accepted the failure of appeasement and promised to protect Poland Germany obvious next move ndash September 1939 Nazirsquos invade
Poland and Britain and France honor their agreement declaring war on Germany
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries that are Axis Controlled Color and label the following ndash Poland ndash Yugoslavia (Find Serbia color it all in) ndash Romania ndash Hungary ndash Bulgaria ndash Greece ndash Albania
THE BEGINNINGS OF WWII EARLY AXIS ACHIEVEMENTS
Nazi Blitzkrieg
bull Blitzkrieg ldquoLightning Warrdquo ndash German strategy to
do a series of quick constant attacks to keep the enemy from easily responding bull Easily took Norway
Denmark Netherlands Belgium sites set on France
The Fall of France
bull British troops were evacuated bull German Attacked from the
North bull Italy from the South bull Outnumbered and
demoralized France Falls ndash June 1940 forced to
surrender in the same place Germany was forced to sign the Treaty of Versailles
ndash French officers including Charles de Gaulle escaped to Britain to plan liberation
ndash French continued guerrilla warfare against the Axis powers
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Denmark
ndash Norway
ndash Netherlands
ndash Belgium
ndash France
Operation Sea Lion
bull Battle of Britain-Failure of the Blitz ndash Winston Churchill ldquoWe
shall never surrenderrdquo ndash August 1940 first bombs
by German plains bull 57 Day campaign of
bombing London bull People defiantly
continued their lives 15000 people lost their lives Parliament still met King and Queen went to bomb shelters with citizens
ndash May 1941 Hitler calls it a failure and calls a new strategy
Operation Barbarossa History Repeats itself
bull June 1941 Turned sites on Soviet Union ndash Caught Stalin off guard
leading to the death of 2 frac12 million soldiers in 6 months (Why) bull Nazi-Soviet Pact bull Many top officers assassinated
during Stalinrsquos purge ndash Soviets turned to burning
crops and animals destroying cities to avoid Germans taking them bull Called bull Scorched Earth Policy bull So also like Napoleon what
happens when winter comes
Siege of Leningrad lasts 2 frac12 years bull Millions die of hunger Britain reemerges to help
Soviets with creating a 2 Front War on Germany
US‟s 1941 1 Sided Neutrality
bull Lend-Lease Act FDR can lend war materials to any country whose defense the president thinks is vital to keeping the US safe ndash ldquoArsenal of democracyrdquo lend arms to those fighting for freedom ndash Meaning who in this war
bull Atlantic Charter secret meeting between Churchill and FDR- destroy Nazis people right to chose how they are governed
ldquoA Date which will remain in infamyrdquo
bull Japan is creating a growing Pacific Empire
bull Under Atlantic Charter US stops providing war materials to JapanhellipWhy
bull Japan mad-General Tojo orders attacks on American Military Fleet in Pearl Harbor
bull December 7 1941 declares war on Japan
bull December 11 rest of Axis powers declare war on US
bull Beginning of 1942-Axis powers at their height of control
EUROPEAN SUCCESS
Distrustful Allies
bull Stalin Churchill and FDR distrust each other ndash Stalin fearful Churchill
and FDR deliberately delaying the beginning of Western Front war to weaken Communism
ndash Roosevelt leery Churchill will want to expand British Imperial power
The Side Effects of Total War
bull Allies began Total War (meaning) ndash Men drafted to war ndash Propaganda
bull Posters news broadcasts everything showed the evils of Japanese and Germans Rosie the Riveter pics urged women into factories
ndash Effects ndash Women urged to do their part by
kicking off their dresses and working in factories building war materials
ndash Rationing of food and war materials ndash 1942 Japanese Americans lost their jobs
property and rights by being interned in camps because of fear they were loyal to Japan
bull Began attack in Northern Africa ndash Forced surrender of
Axis army in Northern Africa in May 1943
ndash Staging ground for invasion of Italy
bull Invaded Italy in July 1943
bull Defeated Mussolini by August 1943 ndash Mussolini overthrown
bull Germany weakened by having to fight Allies in Italy to save Mussolini
Northern Africa to Italy
Aug 1942 Battle of Stalingrad
bull 1942 Hitler still stalled outside Leningrad switch to oil rich Stalingrad in the South ndash Germans surrounded
city ndash Soviets from North
surrounded Germans ndash Fought street by street
house by house bull Early 1943 Germans
surrendered and were pushed out of USSR by Aug 1944
D-Day
bull 1944 US General Eisenhower prepared to open second European Front ndash Bombed German factories
cities and aircraft to weaken army
bull June 6 1944 Paratroopers dropped into France at dawn soldiers stormed the beaches of Normandy France others entered through Italy French resisted from inside Paris
bull All of France free by September 1944
Hitler‟s Last Stand
bull Battle of the Bulge Dec 1944- Battle in Ardennes Mts Of Belgium ndash Offensive by Germans to
split the Allied army in half ndash Initially successful but
Allies prevailed pushing into Germany bull April 1945 Americans meet
Soviets at Elbe River bull Mussolini assassinated Hitler
committed suicide and European conflict officially over on VE Day May 8 1945 (Victory in Europe)
WAR IN THE PACIFIC
Bataan Death March
bull May 1942 Japan takes
control of US Phillipines ndash Forced 75000 American
soldiers and Filipino
civilians on a 68 mile
march to remove the
enemy forces from areas
around their next area of
attack bull Starved beaten tortured
murdered
Island Hopping Campaign bull General McArthur
successful at The Battle of Midway in June 1942 ndash Began hopping from
Island to Island retaking Japanese controlled lands
bull British fighting in Burma and Malaya staged from which colony ndash McArthur had vowed to
return to help Philippines Oct 1944 kept promise
Gloom in the Pacific
bull 1945 war in Europe over
all resources into Pacific
but Japan still strong and ndash Japanese began Kamikaze
missions (which are)
ndash Japanese fought to the
death rather than surrender
at Iwo Jima and Okinawa
bull Success seemed far way
The Allies Choice
bull Planned an invasion of Japan but fearful of Allied casualties
bull July 1945 International group of scientists completed the Manhattan Project successfully testing an atomic bomb in what State
bull President Harry Truman (what happened to FDR) gives Emperor Hirohito an ultimatum surrender or face ldquoutter and complete destructionrdquo-Japan ignores
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
bull August 6 1945-Atomic bomb instantly kills 70000 Japanese citizens Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 8 1945-Soviets declare war and invade Manchuria Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 9 1945-US bomb Nagasaki- atomic bomb instantly kills 40000 Japanese
bull August 10th Hirohito forces Japanese military to surrender officially ending the war in September
Atomic Bomb Debate
bull Should the US have dropped the bombs
Why or Why not ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against the use
of atomic bombs to end WWII
ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against keeping
or destroying all atomic bombs now
Effects of the War
bull Mass Casualties ndash 75 million people total
bull 22 million in the Soviet Union alone (most)
bull Nuremberg Trials ndash Axis powers tried for
Crimes against humanity bull 142 Germans and
Austrians (many Nazi leaders) tried and sentenced to death for their associations with the Holocaust
bull Similar trials in Japan for what actions
ndash Served to show military could be held responsible for their actions exposed the horrors of fascists and dictators hoping to secure a place for democracy
Holocaust Facts
bull 6 million Jews 4 million more gypsies Slavic peoples homosexuals or physically handicapped systematically killed
bull Millions more enslaved in work camps used for medical experiments
bull Jews and others fought back ndash Destroyed gas
chambers ndash Hid Jewish people ndash Denmark and Bulgaria
managed to save almost their entire Jewish population
Denmark‟s Jews
bull Niels Bohr (Danish physicist contracted to work on The Manhattan Project in US) snuck out of Denmark to Neutral Sweden for safe passage to US when arrived in Sweden refused to leave to the US until they agreed to offer asylum to all the Danish Jews All Jews were quietly snuck out of Denmark with the help of the failing Danish government and ordinary citizens who had been hiding them during the German occupation
United Nations
bull April 1945 50 nations created the UN Charter in San Francisco
bull 5 permanent members of the Security Council US Britain France Soviet Union (now Russia) and China ndash Can veto the decisions of the others-all must agree in order
to take action often a weakness for the organization bull Dedicated to keeping World Peace through international
peace keeping missions ndash Work towards strengthening education preventing disease
poverty and hunger bull Relies upon local governments for coordination-often
leading to inefficiencies when the governments are the ones creating the problems
Extra Credit Assignment
bull Pretend you are President Harry Truman trying to convince the US Congress to allow the US the join the United Nations since they wanted to stay out of the League of Nations years previously Write a 12 sentence speech convincing Congress to join using what you have learned from WWII and create a propaganda poster to support your speech
bull Due the Day we return from Christmas Break-Will replace a quiz grade with a 100 if done well
Unit 6 The Age of Catastrophes-Depression and
WWII
Effects of WWI
bull War Debt- stifling European economies
bull Red Scare- West feared Communist uprisings in their own countries leading to ndash Anti-immigrant legislature of
people perceived as communist threats
ndash Jailing Aggressive Interrogations and Deportation of people believed to have any connection to communism
bull Pursuit of Peace ndash Kellog-Briand Pact outlawing
war and signed by all major nations but no way to enforce
ndash Disarmament Reduction in weapons and military-but no one could agree on how much
THE COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE WARS 1 RUSSIA
Communist Government of Lenin 1922
bull Communist Government of Lenin 1922 ndash Elected Electorate ndash All power in the hands
of workers and peasants
ndash Old Russian Empire united under Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)
ndash Reality Party not the people ruled through secret police and army
Lenin‟s NEP New Economic Policy
bull Compromise between Communism and Capitalism ndash Government controls
banks trade and large industries small businesses left for personal profit
ndash Economy recovered from WWI
Joseph Stalin gains Control
bull 1924-Lenin Dies bull Stalin (born Joseph
Djugashvili-took name Stalin (man of steel when he joined the Bolshevik revolution) ~vid 127 part 2
bull Lenin warned he was too ambitious to be in control
bull Stalin placed his supporters in top positions thus ensuring his vote as head of the party
bull Had is rival Trotsky assassinated in Mexico in 1929
Stalin‟s Five-Year Plans
bull Goal Make USSR a modern industrial power ndash Build Heavy Industry
Improve Transportation Increase Farm Output
ndash 1929 Totalitarian State One party Dictatorship controlling every aspect of life bull Terror censorship and
secret police bull Propaganda boosted
successes hid failures called for extreme nationalism-loyalty to state above family
Industrial Growth
bull Command Economy ndash Pure Communist Economy ndash Government made ALL basic economic
decisions bull Owned all businesses and allocated all
resources to the people ndash Bonuses for those who reached
production goals ndash Punishments for those who didnrsquot ndash Mixed Effects
bull Large industrial improvements in heavy industry but shortages in other areas
bull Successful individuals improved their livelihood others wages low and problems getting consumer good
ndash Clothing cars refrigerators
Agriculture bull Formed Collectives-
large communal farms owned and operated by peasants (no private property except home and belongings) ndash Turned over animals
and farm equipment to the collective
ndash Peasants Rebel kill animals destroyed tools burned crops bull Stalin ordered army to
respond with machine guns killing crowds of people peasantsrsquo lands confiscated and sent to forced labor camps
bull Famine killed 5-8 million people in certain areas
The Great Purge
bull ldquoShow Trialsrdquo ndash Public tortures of party
activists war heroes mangers writers citizens forcing them to confess to crimes of counter revolution or not meeting production goals
bull Effects ndash Stalinrsquos power increased
(why) ndash Vulnerable military because
leaders killed ndash 4 million people killed by
purges another 16 million ldquodisappearedrdquo or killed during other uprisings
THE COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE WARS
2 THE UNITED STATES
Globalization of the Economy
Begins
bull Economies turn from local production and consumption to a global market ndash Cheap raw materials from Latin
America Asia and Africa pour into Western Nations lowering production costs
ndash Farmers miners and others in this sector of the economy in Europe and United States see demand for their products and their economic stability slump
bull Unions fought and won higher wages for factory workers = higher price of products ndash Farmers Miners etc could no
longer afford industrial products ndash Factory production begins to
slump bull People ignore the signs
Roaring 20s of the US
bull Europersquos industry destroyed post world war
bull US steps in as leading world economic power ndash Name some new
inventions of the early 20th century
ndash Mass consumerism begins because they wanted them all
ndash Gimme that Plastic- Buying on Credit begins-Canrsquot pay right now No problem-buy now pay later
bull People believed there would be never ending prosperity in the United States ldquoThe USrsquos business is businessrdquo President Coolidge said
Women find new Freedom
bull Showed they were strong and independent during War Time Economy ndash Gained right to vote in US
in 1920 bull New inventions freed up
time ndash Vacuums for Floors ndash Dishwashers for plates
bull Now what will these housewives do ndash Flappers Women pushed
up their hemlines chopped off their hair began going out at night without their fathers or older brothers and more women got college educations
Chief Check 59 1 What was the Kellog-Briand Pact 2 Why did the US not join the League of Nations
(we discussed this last unit it is not in your notes- use the political cartoon to the right)
3 How did Stalinrsquos economic plan differ from that of Leninrsquos
4 How did the peasantrsquos react to Stalinrsquos agricultural plan
5 What are the ldquoShow Trialsrdquo of Stalin 6 What caused the demand for raw materials in the
US to go down thus causing less people to buy industrial products because they couldnrsquot afford them leading industrial production to decrease as well
A Great Purge B Black Tuesday C Collectives D Totalitarianism E Globalization
7 How did new inventions give women more freedom
8 What is a flapper
bull All people wanted a piece of the booming 20rsquos Stock Market
bull Speculation ndash Buying stocks believing
they would go up and up ndash Like their refrigerators
people bought these stocks by ldquomargin buyingrdquo- paid for part and rich stock brokers paid for the rest with interest bull Uncertainty in the market
in autumn of 1929 lead Brokers to ask these investors to pay NOW
bull Only way to pay at this time was to sell their stocks bringing the market further down
bull PANIC set in More and more people continued to sell to salvage what they could
The Crash of bdquo29
Great Depression Begins
bull Video
bull Government Reaction ndash President Hoover stuck
to firm capitalist viewhelliphow should the government intervene in this slumping economy Did this help
ndash Franklin D Roosevelt elected in 1932 stated government MUST TAKE ACTION bull Creates his New Deal of
the 3 Rrsquos Relief Recovery and Reform
What do you call this
FDR‟s New Deal bull Relief
ndash Subsidies to farmers suffering from The Dust Bowl and sinking production
ndash Unemployment Benefits
bull Recovery ndash Public Works Programs
Funded government paid jobs to build roads museums parks bridges schools
bull Reform ndash Deposits at Banks
ensured by government ndash Social Security benefits
for retirement and disability
Houses were shut tight and cloth wedged around doors and windows but the dust came in so thinly that it could not be seen in the air and it settled like pollen on the chairs and tables on the dishes ~ Grapes of Wrath
Global Economic Crisis bull How were European economies after WWI
ndash American Banks crashing during 1930rsquos and stopped loaning to foreign governments
ndash US government demanded the Europeans repay their war debthellipbut unable
bull US tried to compensate by raising tariffs (which are) ndash Backfired-others raised their tariffs to
compensatehellipshutting each other out of the global market
THE COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE WARS
3 CHINA AND JAPAN
After the Open Door Policy
bull How was Chinarsquos Republic after it was open to trade
bull 1912 Became a military state-warlords took advantage of local communities fighting and famine throughout China
bull What did Japan get from the Treaty of Versailles (reason they entered) ndash Japan seeks greater power to
make China a protectorate (internally free internationally a territory of another country)
Japan After the War
bull Control by Emperor Hirohito 1926 ndash Became the China of
the 19th Century (all goods made in Japan using cheap labor)
ndash Nationalism rose over the ldquoYellow Perilrdquo (which is)
ndash Military domination in the government by 1937 bull Children were taught
ldquoThe Way of the Subjectsrdquo or how they were to give total obedience to the government and emperor
Japan Invades China
bull Manchurian Incident ndash Blew up their own
Japanese railroad line in Manchuria China-blamed Chinese
ndash 1931 Japan invaded Manchuria bull Leaders of China ignore
and continue fighting each other
bull 1937 Japan Bombs major cities such as Beijing
bull Rape of Nanjing ndash Japanese enter city killing
hundreds of thousands brutalizing thousands more (video)
THE COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE WARS 4 ITALY
Effects of WWI on Italy
bull Disappointed Why ndash Nationalism soared
bull Veterans and peasants in
economic ruin
bull Constant uprising and
need for strong control
Fascism bull Lead to the creation of
the Fascist Party by Benito Mussolini ndash Based on fasces
(sticks wrapped around an axe) the Roman symbol of authority
ndash Goal to create a non communist authoritarian government bull Glorifying action
violence discipline and absolute blind obedience to the state
bull Antidemocratic rejecting reason and equality
bull Echoed Expansion under idea of Social Darwinism (which is)
Mussolini‟s Italy
bull Given the Prime Minister position by King to avoid conflict
bull 1925 Seized more power called Il Duce (eel doochay) ndash Censorship ndash Secret Police ndash Corrupt elections given Fascist
leaders control bull Fascist party members
(individually) controlled business not the government
bull Men called to ruthless military duty
bull Women called to motherhood bull Strict military style education
glorifying Rome and Italy
THE COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE WARS 5 GERMANY
Review Effects of the Treaty of Versailles
bull In 1919 created a democratic Weimar Republic
bull Who was blamed for WWI bull What did they have to pay
ndash Reparations killing economy bull What important economic areas did
they lose ndash Coal rich industrial towns no longer in
their control bull Answer to economic problem Print
More Money Why is this a problem ndash Principle of Supply and Demand-Supply
high value lessons ndash Leads to massive inflation
bull Look for scapegoats-some blamed the Jewish people (why)
Dawes Plan bull World Rallied to
help Weimer Republic ndash France
withdrew from Coal rich Ruhr Valley
ndash US France and Britain lower reparations payments
bull Recovered but then killed again by Great Depression
Rise of Adolf Hitler
bull 1920 National Socialist German Workers party created (Nazirsquos-not socialists at all) ndash NOT SOCIALIST-
FACIST (what is this)
bull Urged Germans all over the world to unite and expand
bull Demanded Germany needed a strong leader or Fuhrer
Mein Kampf bull Published Mein Kampf
ldquoMy Strugglerdquo 1925 ndash Outlines Nazi ideology
and goals bull Extreme Nationalism bull Superiority of the Germans
Throw off the chains of the Treaty of Versailles and create a world dominated by the superior German Aryan Race
bull Anti-Semitism (what is it) ndashBelief Jews were conspiring to overthrow the government states that the gassing of thousands of Jews would mean that the sacrifice of millions of soldiers will not be in vain
Hitler‟s Democratic Take-over bull What 2 main circumstances in Germany played into Hitlerrsquos rise
bull Promised to end reparations create jobs and arm Germany for the
future
bull Nazis gained more and more legislative seats
bull By the democratic process Hitler elected Chancellor (leader) in 1933
bull Took 1 year to suspend civil rights and disbanded all opposing
political parties executing any party members he believed were
disloyal (speech)
Hitler‟s Third Reich
bull Why the Third Reich bull Totalitarianism
ndash Power by what means bull Economic
ndash Public Works programs (which are) bull Highways trains housing bull Rebuilt industry through arms
development bull Employment soaredhellipthe people
cheered
bull Social Policy ndash Hitler Youth indoctrinated with
racism and absolute loyalty ndash Censorship toward pure German
Society (burned books propaganda) ndash Pure Aryan women rewarded for
having babies turned away from universities and upper level positions
Cultural Purge
bull Churches Close ndash Hitler Christianity
ldquoweakrdquo ndash All Protestant
faiths combined into a state church indoctrinating Aryan superiority
ndash Some Catholic churches closed if spoke out against Nazi regime
Nuremberg Laws 1935
bull Laws stated Jewish people could NOT
bull Marry non Jews
bull Attend or teach in German
schools
bull Hold Government positions
bull Practice Law or Medicine
bull Publish Books
bull Urged the unprovoked
beatings of Jewish people in public ndash Effect many German Jews like Albert Einstein fled
Night of the Broken Glass ldquoKristallnachtrdquo
bull November 7 1938 a young Jew who had watched his parents be mistreated in Germany shot a German diplomat in Paris ndash From article Specifically
why was Grynszpan mad ndash Goebbels and Hitler want
who to rise up and attack the Jewish people Did this happen Who did
bull Hitler reacted by attacking Jewish communities (called) ndash Destroyed buildings burned
synagogues and dragged Jewish people into the street for public beatings
World Reaction
bull World swiftly and negatively reacted to The Night of the Broken Glass
bull Hitlerrsquos response ndash Make the Jewish people
pay for the damage ndash Increase his campaign by
forcing them into concentration camps (what are these)
ndash Began plotting his ldquofinal solutionrdquo (which was)
ldquoWork makes one Freerdquo
bull ldquoThe Nazis came first for the Communists But I wasnrsquot Communist so I didnrsquot speak up Then they came for the Jews but I wasnrsquot a Jew so I didnrsquot speak uphellipThen they came for the unionists but I was a Protestant so I didnrsquot speak up Then they came for me By that time there was no one left to speak uprdquo ndash Lutheran Minister Martin Niemoller
bull What lesson can be learned from this
Critical Thinking
bull Find 6 similarities between the Totalitarian
States of the USSR Italy and Germany
APPEASING THE ENEMY
Policy of Appeasement 1936 bull Appeasement Giving
into the demands of aggressors in order to keep peace ndash West did everything from
weak sanctions to ignoring aggressive behavior to avoid War bull Italy invaded Ethiopia
1935 ndash League of Nations (whorsquos
involved) passed economic sanctions but couldnrsquot enforce them
bull 1936 Germans invaded the Rhineland (demilitarized no manrsquos land protecting France from Germany)
ndash France and Britain turn a blinds eye
ndash WHY
1935 US Passes Neutrality Acts
bull Neutrality Acts ndash US will not do the
following with
countries at war bull Sell arms
bull Loan money
bull Have Americans
travel on their ships
(why)
1936 The Axis of ldquoEvilrdquo
bull Germany Italy and
Japan form an
alliance to ldquoend
communismrdquo ndash Really an
agreement to NOT
stop each other
from expanding
1936 Spain falls to Fascist Franco with Nazi Germany‟s help
bull Germany bombs Guernica Spain as a dress rehearsal for their new war planes- 1600 innocent civilians were killed
A neutral Europe
bull On your map choose a color for countries that remained as neutral as humanly possible in this case Color and label the following (Good practice for the Map Quiz tomorrow) ndash Switzerland ndash Sweden ndash Republic of Ireland ndash Portugal ndash Spain
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Germany
ndash Italy
ndash Northern Africa
German Expansion
bull What were Hitlerrsquos goals ndash Unite Germans
everywhere ndash Create more living
space bull 1st Move 1938 Annex
Austria his birthplace (easily fell Europe did nothing)
bull 2nd Move 1938 Demand the annexation of the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia which was home to mostly Germans
ndash Munich Conference-Germany ldquopromisedrdquo to not invade any more land so Britain and France persuaded Czechs to surrender the territory
bull Soon to be Prime Minister of Great Britain (1940) Winston Churchill said of the decision ndash ldquoThey had to
chose between war or dishonor They chose dishonor they will have warrdquo
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Austria
ndash Czechoslovakia (Find Czech Republic and
Slovakia) Color them both in
Assignment bull Create your own political cartoon that
expresses the effects of Appeasement and Neutrality upon Europe ndash Create a Catchy Title and Write it on the Top
line in Marker ndash Draw the Picture in the box and COLOR and or
use BLACK MARKER to outline any pencil markshellipyou will not be graded on your drawing ability but you will be graded on your creativity use of historical information neatness overall effort and your ability to stay on task
ndash Sign the bottom
Nazi-Soviet Pact 1939
bull August nonaggression pact between Germany and Soviet Union signed ndash Would not fight if the
other went to war ndash Divide Poland and
Eastern Europe between them bull Soviets reason Gain
territory and time to build arms
bull Germany free to take Poland avoid a two front war (why)
The Poland Promise
bull Hitler didnrsquot stop at the Sudetenland and took more and more of Czechoslovakia
bull Britain and France accepted the failure of appeasement and promised to protect Poland Germany obvious next move ndash September 1939 Nazirsquos invade
Poland and Britain and France honor their agreement declaring war on Germany
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries that are Axis Controlled Color and label the following ndash Poland ndash Yugoslavia (Find Serbia color it all in) ndash Romania ndash Hungary ndash Bulgaria ndash Greece ndash Albania
THE BEGINNINGS OF WWII EARLY AXIS ACHIEVEMENTS
Nazi Blitzkrieg
bull Blitzkrieg ldquoLightning Warrdquo ndash German strategy to
do a series of quick constant attacks to keep the enemy from easily responding bull Easily took Norway
Denmark Netherlands Belgium sites set on France
The Fall of France
bull British troops were evacuated bull German Attacked from the
North bull Italy from the South bull Outnumbered and
demoralized France Falls ndash June 1940 forced to
surrender in the same place Germany was forced to sign the Treaty of Versailles
ndash French officers including Charles de Gaulle escaped to Britain to plan liberation
ndash French continued guerrilla warfare against the Axis powers
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Denmark
ndash Norway
ndash Netherlands
ndash Belgium
ndash France
Operation Sea Lion
bull Battle of Britain-Failure of the Blitz ndash Winston Churchill ldquoWe
shall never surrenderrdquo ndash August 1940 first bombs
by German plains bull 57 Day campaign of
bombing London bull People defiantly
continued their lives 15000 people lost their lives Parliament still met King and Queen went to bomb shelters with citizens
ndash May 1941 Hitler calls it a failure and calls a new strategy
Operation Barbarossa History Repeats itself
bull June 1941 Turned sites on Soviet Union ndash Caught Stalin off guard
leading to the death of 2 frac12 million soldiers in 6 months (Why) bull Nazi-Soviet Pact bull Many top officers assassinated
during Stalinrsquos purge ndash Soviets turned to burning
crops and animals destroying cities to avoid Germans taking them bull Called bull Scorched Earth Policy bull So also like Napoleon what
happens when winter comes
Siege of Leningrad lasts 2 frac12 years bull Millions die of hunger Britain reemerges to help
Soviets with creating a 2 Front War on Germany
US‟s 1941 1 Sided Neutrality
bull Lend-Lease Act FDR can lend war materials to any country whose defense the president thinks is vital to keeping the US safe ndash ldquoArsenal of democracyrdquo lend arms to those fighting for freedom ndash Meaning who in this war
bull Atlantic Charter secret meeting between Churchill and FDR- destroy Nazis people right to chose how they are governed
ldquoA Date which will remain in infamyrdquo
bull Japan is creating a growing Pacific Empire
bull Under Atlantic Charter US stops providing war materials to JapanhellipWhy
bull Japan mad-General Tojo orders attacks on American Military Fleet in Pearl Harbor
bull December 7 1941 declares war on Japan
bull December 11 rest of Axis powers declare war on US
bull Beginning of 1942-Axis powers at their height of control
EUROPEAN SUCCESS
Distrustful Allies
bull Stalin Churchill and FDR distrust each other ndash Stalin fearful Churchill
and FDR deliberately delaying the beginning of Western Front war to weaken Communism
ndash Roosevelt leery Churchill will want to expand British Imperial power
The Side Effects of Total War
bull Allies began Total War (meaning) ndash Men drafted to war ndash Propaganda
bull Posters news broadcasts everything showed the evils of Japanese and Germans Rosie the Riveter pics urged women into factories
ndash Effects ndash Women urged to do their part by
kicking off their dresses and working in factories building war materials
ndash Rationing of food and war materials ndash 1942 Japanese Americans lost their jobs
property and rights by being interned in camps because of fear they were loyal to Japan
bull Began attack in Northern Africa ndash Forced surrender of
Axis army in Northern Africa in May 1943
ndash Staging ground for invasion of Italy
bull Invaded Italy in July 1943
bull Defeated Mussolini by August 1943 ndash Mussolini overthrown
bull Germany weakened by having to fight Allies in Italy to save Mussolini
Northern Africa to Italy
Aug 1942 Battle of Stalingrad
bull 1942 Hitler still stalled outside Leningrad switch to oil rich Stalingrad in the South ndash Germans surrounded
city ndash Soviets from North
surrounded Germans ndash Fought street by street
house by house bull Early 1943 Germans
surrendered and were pushed out of USSR by Aug 1944
D-Day
bull 1944 US General Eisenhower prepared to open second European Front ndash Bombed German factories
cities and aircraft to weaken army
bull June 6 1944 Paratroopers dropped into France at dawn soldiers stormed the beaches of Normandy France others entered through Italy French resisted from inside Paris
bull All of France free by September 1944
Hitler‟s Last Stand
bull Battle of the Bulge Dec 1944- Battle in Ardennes Mts Of Belgium ndash Offensive by Germans to
split the Allied army in half ndash Initially successful but
Allies prevailed pushing into Germany bull April 1945 Americans meet
Soviets at Elbe River bull Mussolini assassinated Hitler
committed suicide and European conflict officially over on VE Day May 8 1945 (Victory in Europe)
WAR IN THE PACIFIC
Bataan Death March
bull May 1942 Japan takes
control of US Phillipines ndash Forced 75000 American
soldiers and Filipino
civilians on a 68 mile
march to remove the
enemy forces from areas
around their next area of
attack bull Starved beaten tortured
murdered
Island Hopping Campaign bull General McArthur
successful at The Battle of Midway in June 1942 ndash Began hopping from
Island to Island retaking Japanese controlled lands
bull British fighting in Burma and Malaya staged from which colony ndash McArthur had vowed to
return to help Philippines Oct 1944 kept promise
Gloom in the Pacific
bull 1945 war in Europe over
all resources into Pacific
but Japan still strong and ndash Japanese began Kamikaze
missions (which are)
ndash Japanese fought to the
death rather than surrender
at Iwo Jima and Okinawa
bull Success seemed far way
The Allies Choice
bull Planned an invasion of Japan but fearful of Allied casualties
bull July 1945 International group of scientists completed the Manhattan Project successfully testing an atomic bomb in what State
bull President Harry Truman (what happened to FDR) gives Emperor Hirohito an ultimatum surrender or face ldquoutter and complete destructionrdquo-Japan ignores
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
bull August 6 1945-Atomic bomb instantly kills 70000 Japanese citizens Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 8 1945-Soviets declare war and invade Manchuria Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 9 1945-US bomb Nagasaki- atomic bomb instantly kills 40000 Japanese
bull August 10th Hirohito forces Japanese military to surrender officially ending the war in September
Atomic Bomb Debate
bull Should the US have dropped the bombs
Why or Why not ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against the use
of atomic bombs to end WWII
ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against keeping
or destroying all atomic bombs now
Effects of the War
bull Mass Casualties ndash 75 million people total
bull 22 million in the Soviet Union alone (most)
bull Nuremberg Trials ndash Axis powers tried for
Crimes against humanity bull 142 Germans and
Austrians (many Nazi leaders) tried and sentenced to death for their associations with the Holocaust
bull Similar trials in Japan for what actions
ndash Served to show military could be held responsible for their actions exposed the horrors of fascists and dictators hoping to secure a place for democracy
Holocaust Facts
bull 6 million Jews 4 million more gypsies Slavic peoples homosexuals or physically handicapped systematically killed
bull Millions more enslaved in work camps used for medical experiments
bull Jews and others fought back ndash Destroyed gas
chambers ndash Hid Jewish people ndash Denmark and Bulgaria
managed to save almost their entire Jewish population
Denmark‟s Jews
bull Niels Bohr (Danish physicist contracted to work on The Manhattan Project in US) snuck out of Denmark to Neutral Sweden for safe passage to US when arrived in Sweden refused to leave to the US until they agreed to offer asylum to all the Danish Jews All Jews were quietly snuck out of Denmark with the help of the failing Danish government and ordinary citizens who had been hiding them during the German occupation
United Nations
bull April 1945 50 nations created the UN Charter in San Francisco
bull 5 permanent members of the Security Council US Britain France Soviet Union (now Russia) and China ndash Can veto the decisions of the others-all must agree in order
to take action often a weakness for the organization bull Dedicated to keeping World Peace through international
peace keeping missions ndash Work towards strengthening education preventing disease
poverty and hunger bull Relies upon local governments for coordination-often
leading to inefficiencies when the governments are the ones creating the problems
Extra Credit Assignment
bull Pretend you are President Harry Truman trying to convince the US Congress to allow the US the join the United Nations since they wanted to stay out of the League of Nations years previously Write a 12 sentence speech convincing Congress to join using what you have learned from WWII and create a propaganda poster to support your speech
bull Due the Day we return from Christmas Break-Will replace a quiz grade with a 100 if done well
Effects of WWI
bull War Debt- stifling European economies
bull Red Scare- West feared Communist uprisings in their own countries leading to ndash Anti-immigrant legislature of
people perceived as communist threats
ndash Jailing Aggressive Interrogations and Deportation of people believed to have any connection to communism
bull Pursuit of Peace ndash Kellog-Briand Pact outlawing
war and signed by all major nations but no way to enforce
ndash Disarmament Reduction in weapons and military-but no one could agree on how much
THE COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE WARS 1 RUSSIA
Communist Government of Lenin 1922
bull Communist Government of Lenin 1922 ndash Elected Electorate ndash All power in the hands
of workers and peasants
ndash Old Russian Empire united under Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)
ndash Reality Party not the people ruled through secret police and army
Lenin‟s NEP New Economic Policy
bull Compromise between Communism and Capitalism ndash Government controls
banks trade and large industries small businesses left for personal profit
ndash Economy recovered from WWI
Joseph Stalin gains Control
bull 1924-Lenin Dies bull Stalin (born Joseph
Djugashvili-took name Stalin (man of steel when he joined the Bolshevik revolution) ~vid 127 part 2
bull Lenin warned he was too ambitious to be in control
bull Stalin placed his supporters in top positions thus ensuring his vote as head of the party
bull Had is rival Trotsky assassinated in Mexico in 1929
Stalin‟s Five-Year Plans
bull Goal Make USSR a modern industrial power ndash Build Heavy Industry
Improve Transportation Increase Farm Output
ndash 1929 Totalitarian State One party Dictatorship controlling every aspect of life bull Terror censorship and
secret police bull Propaganda boosted
successes hid failures called for extreme nationalism-loyalty to state above family
Industrial Growth
bull Command Economy ndash Pure Communist Economy ndash Government made ALL basic economic
decisions bull Owned all businesses and allocated all
resources to the people ndash Bonuses for those who reached
production goals ndash Punishments for those who didnrsquot ndash Mixed Effects
bull Large industrial improvements in heavy industry but shortages in other areas
bull Successful individuals improved their livelihood others wages low and problems getting consumer good
ndash Clothing cars refrigerators
Agriculture bull Formed Collectives-
large communal farms owned and operated by peasants (no private property except home and belongings) ndash Turned over animals
and farm equipment to the collective
ndash Peasants Rebel kill animals destroyed tools burned crops bull Stalin ordered army to
respond with machine guns killing crowds of people peasantsrsquo lands confiscated and sent to forced labor camps
bull Famine killed 5-8 million people in certain areas
The Great Purge
bull ldquoShow Trialsrdquo ndash Public tortures of party
activists war heroes mangers writers citizens forcing them to confess to crimes of counter revolution or not meeting production goals
bull Effects ndash Stalinrsquos power increased
(why) ndash Vulnerable military because
leaders killed ndash 4 million people killed by
purges another 16 million ldquodisappearedrdquo or killed during other uprisings
THE COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE WARS
2 THE UNITED STATES
Globalization of the Economy
Begins
bull Economies turn from local production and consumption to a global market ndash Cheap raw materials from Latin
America Asia and Africa pour into Western Nations lowering production costs
ndash Farmers miners and others in this sector of the economy in Europe and United States see demand for their products and their economic stability slump
bull Unions fought and won higher wages for factory workers = higher price of products ndash Farmers Miners etc could no
longer afford industrial products ndash Factory production begins to
slump bull People ignore the signs
Roaring 20s of the US
bull Europersquos industry destroyed post world war
bull US steps in as leading world economic power ndash Name some new
inventions of the early 20th century
ndash Mass consumerism begins because they wanted them all
ndash Gimme that Plastic- Buying on Credit begins-Canrsquot pay right now No problem-buy now pay later
bull People believed there would be never ending prosperity in the United States ldquoThe USrsquos business is businessrdquo President Coolidge said
Women find new Freedom
bull Showed they were strong and independent during War Time Economy ndash Gained right to vote in US
in 1920 bull New inventions freed up
time ndash Vacuums for Floors ndash Dishwashers for plates
bull Now what will these housewives do ndash Flappers Women pushed
up their hemlines chopped off their hair began going out at night without their fathers or older brothers and more women got college educations
Chief Check 59 1 What was the Kellog-Briand Pact 2 Why did the US not join the League of Nations
(we discussed this last unit it is not in your notes- use the political cartoon to the right)
3 How did Stalinrsquos economic plan differ from that of Leninrsquos
4 How did the peasantrsquos react to Stalinrsquos agricultural plan
5 What are the ldquoShow Trialsrdquo of Stalin 6 What caused the demand for raw materials in the
US to go down thus causing less people to buy industrial products because they couldnrsquot afford them leading industrial production to decrease as well
A Great Purge B Black Tuesday C Collectives D Totalitarianism E Globalization
7 How did new inventions give women more freedom
8 What is a flapper
bull All people wanted a piece of the booming 20rsquos Stock Market
bull Speculation ndash Buying stocks believing
they would go up and up ndash Like their refrigerators
people bought these stocks by ldquomargin buyingrdquo- paid for part and rich stock brokers paid for the rest with interest bull Uncertainty in the market
in autumn of 1929 lead Brokers to ask these investors to pay NOW
bull Only way to pay at this time was to sell their stocks bringing the market further down
bull PANIC set in More and more people continued to sell to salvage what they could
The Crash of bdquo29
Great Depression Begins
bull Video
bull Government Reaction ndash President Hoover stuck
to firm capitalist viewhelliphow should the government intervene in this slumping economy Did this help
ndash Franklin D Roosevelt elected in 1932 stated government MUST TAKE ACTION bull Creates his New Deal of
the 3 Rrsquos Relief Recovery and Reform
What do you call this
FDR‟s New Deal bull Relief
ndash Subsidies to farmers suffering from The Dust Bowl and sinking production
ndash Unemployment Benefits
bull Recovery ndash Public Works Programs
Funded government paid jobs to build roads museums parks bridges schools
bull Reform ndash Deposits at Banks
ensured by government ndash Social Security benefits
for retirement and disability
Houses were shut tight and cloth wedged around doors and windows but the dust came in so thinly that it could not be seen in the air and it settled like pollen on the chairs and tables on the dishes ~ Grapes of Wrath
Global Economic Crisis bull How were European economies after WWI
ndash American Banks crashing during 1930rsquos and stopped loaning to foreign governments
ndash US government demanded the Europeans repay their war debthellipbut unable
bull US tried to compensate by raising tariffs (which are) ndash Backfired-others raised their tariffs to
compensatehellipshutting each other out of the global market
THE COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE WARS
3 CHINA AND JAPAN
After the Open Door Policy
bull How was Chinarsquos Republic after it was open to trade
bull 1912 Became a military state-warlords took advantage of local communities fighting and famine throughout China
bull What did Japan get from the Treaty of Versailles (reason they entered) ndash Japan seeks greater power to
make China a protectorate (internally free internationally a territory of another country)
Japan After the War
bull Control by Emperor Hirohito 1926 ndash Became the China of
the 19th Century (all goods made in Japan using cheap labor)
ndash Nationalism rose over the ldquoYellow Perilrdquo (which is)
ndash Military domination in the government by 1937 bull Children were taught
ldquoThe Way of the Subjectsrdquo or how they were to give total obedience to the government and emperor
Japan Invades China
bull Manchurian Incident ndash Blew up their own
Japanese railroad line in Manchuria China-blamed Chinese
ndash 1931 Japan invaded Manchuria bull Leaders of China ignore
and continue fighting each other
bull 1937 Japan Bombs major cities such as Beijing
bull Rape of Nanjing ndash Japanese enter city killing
hundreds of thousands brutalizing thousands more (video)
THE COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE WARS 4 ITALY
Effects of WWI on Italy
bull Disappointed Why ndash Nationalism soared
bull Veterans and peasants in
economic ruin
bull Constant uprising and
need for strong control
Fascism bull Lead to the creation of
the Fascist Party by Benito Mussolini ndash Based on fasces
(sticks wrapped around an axe) the Roman symbol of authority
ndash Goal to create a non communist authoritarian government bull Glorifying action
violence discipline and absolute blind obedience to the state
bull Antidemocratic rejecting reason and equality
bull Echoed Expansion under idea of Social Darwinism (which is)
Mussolini‟s Italy
bull Given the Prime Minister position by King to avoid conflict
bull 1925 Seized more power called Il Duce (eel doochay) ndash Censorship ndash Secret Police ndash Corrupt elections given Fascist
leaders control bull Fascist party members
(individually) controlled business not the government
bull Men called to ruthless military duty
bull Women called to motherhood bull Strict military style education
glorifying Rome and Italy
THE COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE WARS 5 GERMANY
Review Effects of the Treaty of Versailles
bull In 1919 created a democratic Weimar Republic
bull Who was blamed for WWI bull What did they have to pay
ndash Reparations killing economy bull What important economic areas did
they lose ndash Coal rich industrial towns no longer in
their control bull Answer to economic problem Print
More Money Why is this a problem ndash Principle of Supply and Demand-Supply
high value lessons ndash Leads to massive inflation
bull Look for scapegoats-some blamed the Jewish people (why)
Dawes Plan bull World Rallied to
help Weimer Republic ndash France
withdrew from Coal rich Ruhr Valley
ndash US France and Britain lower reparations payments
bull Recovered but then killed again by Great Depression
Rise of Adolf Hitler
bull 1920 National Socialist German Workers party created (Nazirsquos-not socialists at all) ndash NOT SOCIALIST-
FACIST (what is this)
bull Urged Germans all over the world to unite and expand
bull Demanded Germany needed a strong leader or Fuhrer
Mein Kampf bull Published Mein Kampf
ldquoMy Strugglerdquo 1925 ndash Outlines Nazi ideology
and goals bull Extreme Nationalism bull Superiority of the Germans
Throw off the chains of the Treaty of Versailles and create a world dominated by the superior German Aryan Race
bull Anti-Semitism (what is it) ndashBelief Jews were conspiring to overthrow the government states that the gassing of thousands of Jews would mean that the sacrifice of millions of soldiers will not be in vain
Hitler‟s Democratic Take-over bull What 2 main circumstances in Germany played into Hitlerrsquos rise
bull Promised to end reparations create jobs and arm Germany for the
future
bull Nazis gained more and more legislative seats
bull By the democratic process Hitler elected Chancellor (leader) in 1933
bull Took 1 year to suspend civil rights and disbanded all opposing
political parties executing any party members he believed were
disloyal (speech)
Hitler‟s Third Reich
bull Why the Third Reich bull Totalitarianism
ndash Power by what means bull Economic
ndash Public Works programs (which are) bull Highways trains housing bull Rebuilt industry through arms
development bull Employment soaredhellipthe people
cheered
bull Social Policy ndash Hitler Youth indoctrinated with
racism and absolute loyalty ndash Censorship toward pure German
Society (burned books propaganda) ndash Pure Aryan women rewarded for
having babies turned away from universities and upper level positions
Cultural Purge
bull Churches Close ndash Hitler Christianity
ldquoweakrdquo ndash All Protestant
faiths combined into a state church indoctrinating Aryan superiority
ndash Some Catholic churches closed if spoke out against Nazi regime
Nuremberg Laws 1935
bull Laws stated Jewish people could NOT
bull Marry non Jews
bull Attend or teach in German
schools
bull Hold Government positions
bull Practice Law or Medicine
bull Publish Books
bull Urged the unprovoked
beatings of Jewish people in public ndash Effect many German Jews like Albert Einstein fled
Night of the Broken Glass ldquoKristallnachtrdquo
bull November 7 1938 a young Jew who had watched his parents be mistreated in Germany shot a German diplomat in Paris ndash From article Specifically
why was Grynszpan mad ndash Goebbels and Hitler want
who to rise up and attack the Jewish people Did this happen Who did
bull Hitler reacted by attacking Jewish communities (called) ndash Destroyed buildings burned
synagogues and dragged Jewish people into the street for public beatings
World Reaction
bull World swiftly and negatively reacted to The Night of the Broken Glass
bull Hitlerrsquos response ndash Make the Jewish people
pay for the damage ndash Increase his campaign by
forcing them into concentration camps (what are these)
ndash Began plotting his ldquofinal solutionrdquo (which was)
ldquoWork makes one Freerdquo
bull ldquoThe Nazis came first for the Communists But I wasnrsquot Communist so I didnrsquot speak up Then they came for the Jews but I wasnrsquot a Jew so I didnrsquot speak uphellipThen they came for the unionists but I was a Protestant so I didnrsquot speak up Then they came for me By that time there was no one left to speak uprdquo ndash Lutheran Minister Martin Niemoller
bull What lesson can be learned from this
Critical Thinking
bull Find 6 similarities between the Totalitarian
States of the USSR Italy and Germany
APPEASING THE ENEMY
Policy of Appeasement 1936 bull Appeasement Giving
into the demands of aggressors in order to keep peace ndash West did everything from
weak sanctions to ignoring aggressive behavior to avoid War bull Italy invaded Ethiopia
1935 ndash League of Nations (whorsquos
involved) passed economic sanctions but couldnrsquot enforce them
bull 1936 Germans invaded the Rhineland (demilitarized no manrsquos land protecting France from Germany)
ndash France and Britain turn a blinds eye
ndash WHY
1935 US Passes Neutrality Acts
bull Neutrality Acts ndash US will not do the
following with
countries at war bull Sell arms
bull Loan money
bull Have Americans
travel on their ships
(why)
1936 The Axis of ldquoEvilrdquo
bull Germany Italy and
Japan form an
alliance to ldquoend
communismrdquo ndash Really an
agreement to NOT
stop each other
from expanding
1936 Spain falls to Fascist Franco with Nazi Germany‟s help
bull Germany bombs Guernica Spain as a dress rehearsal for their new war planes- 1600 innocent civilians were killed
A neutral Europe
bull On your map choose a color for countries that remained as neutral as humanly possible in this case Color and label the following (Good practice for the Map Quiz tomorrow) ndash Switzerland ndash Sweden ndash Republic of Ireland ndash Portugal ndash Spain
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Germany
ndash Italy
ndash Northern Africa
German Expansion
bull What were Hitlerrsquos goals ndash Unite Germans
everywhere ndash Create more living
space bull 1st Move 1938 Annex
Austria his birthplace (easily fell Europe did nothing)
bull 2nd Move 1938 Demand the annexation of the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia which was home to mostly Germans
ndash Munich Conference-Germany ldquopromisedrdquo to not invade any more land so Britain and France persuaded Czechs to surrender the territory
bull Soon to be Prime Minister of Great Britain (1940) Winston Churchill said of the decision ndash ldquoThey had to
chose between war or dishonor They chose dishonor they will have warrdquo
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Austria
ndash Czechoslovakia (Find Czech Republic and
Slovakia) Color them both in
Assignment bull Create your own political cartoon that
expresses the effects of Appeasement and Neutrality upon Europe ndash Create a Catchy Title and Write it on the Top
line in Marker ndash Draw the Picture in the box and COLOR and or
use BLACK MARKER to outline any pencil markshellipyou will not be graded on your drawing ability but you will be graded on your creativity use of historical information neatness overall effort and your ability to stay on task
ndash Sign the bottom
Nazi-Soviet Pact 1939
bull August nonaggression pact between Germany and Soviet Union signed ndash Would not fight if the
other went to war ndash Divide Poland and
Eastern Europe between them bull Soviets reason Gain
territory and time to build arms
bull Germany free to take Poland avoid a two front war (why)
The Poland Promise
bull Hitler didnrsquot stop at the Sudetenland and took more and more of Czechoslovakia
bull Britain and France accepted the failure of appeasement and promised to protect Poland Germany obvious next move ndash September 1939 Nazirsquos invade
Poland and Britain and France honor their agreement declaring war on Germany
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries that are Axis Controlled Color and label the following ndash Poland ndash Yugoslavia (Find Serbia color it all in) ndash Romania ndash Hungary ndash Bulgaria ndash Greece ndash Albania
THE BEGINNINGS OF WWII EARLY AXIS ACHIEVEMENTS
Nazi Blitzkrieg
bull Blitzkrieg ldquoLightning Warrdquo ndash German strategy to
do a series of quick constant attacks to keep the enemy from easily responding bull Easily took Norway
Denmark Netherlands Belgium sites set on France
The Fall of France
bull British troops were evacuated bull German Attacked from the
North bull Italy from the South bull Outnumbered and
demoralized France Falls ndash June 1940 forced to
surrender in the same place Germany was forced to sign the Treaty of Versailles
ndash French officers including Charles de Gaulle escaped to Britain to plan liberation
ndash French continued guerrilla warfare against the Axis powers
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Denmark
ndash Norway
ndash Netherlands
ndash Belgium
ndash France
Operation Sea Lion
bull Battle of Britain-Failure of the Blitz ndash Winston Churchill ldquoWe
shall never surrenderrdquo ndash August 1940 first bombs
by German plains bull 57 Day campaign of
bombing London bull People defiantly
continued their lives 15000 people lost their lives Parliament still met King and Queen went to bomb shelters with citizens
ndash May 1941 Hitler calls it a failure and calls a new strategy
Operation Barbarossa History Repeats itself
bull June 1941 Turned sites on Soviet Union ndash Caught Stalin off guard
leading to the death of 2 frac12 million soldiers in 6 months (Why) bull Nazi-Soviet Pact bull Many top officers assassinated
during Stalinrsquos purge ndash Soviets turned to burning
crops and animals destroying cities to avoid Germans taking them bull Called bull Scorched Earth Policy bull So also like Napoleon what
happens when winter comes
Siege of Leningrad lasts 2 frac12 years bull Millions die of hunger Britain reemerges to help
Soviets with creating a 2 Front War on Germany
US‟s 1941 1 Sided Neutrality
bull Lend-Lease Act FDR can lend war materials to any country whose defense the president thinks is vital to keeping the US safe ndash ldquoArsenal of democracyrdquo lend arms to those fighting for freedom ndash Meaning who in this war
bull Atlantic Charter secret meeting between Churchill and FDR- destroy Nazis people right to chose how they are governed
ldquoA Date which will remain in infamyrdquo
bull Japan is creating a growing Pacific Empire
bull Under Atlantic Charter US stops providing war materials to JapanhellipWhy
bull Japan mad-General Tojo orders attacks on American Military Fleet in Pearl Harbor
bull December 7 1941 declares war on Japan
bull December 11 rest of Axis powers declare war on US
bull Beginning of 1942-Axis powers at their height of control
EUROPEAN SUCCESS
Distrustful Allies
bull Stalin Churchill and FDR distrust each other ndash Stalin fearful Churchill
and FDR deliberately delaying the beginning of Western Front war to weaken Communism
ndash Roosevelt leery Churchill will want to expand British Imperial power
The Side Effects of Total War
bull Allies began Total War (meaning) ndash Men drafted to war ndash Propaganda
bull Posters news broadcasts everything showed the evils of Japanese and Germans Rosie the Riveter pics urged women into factories
ndash Effects ndash Women urged to do their part by
kicking off their dresses and working in factories building war materials
ndash Rationing of food and war materials ndash 1942 Japanese Americans lost their jobs
property and rights by being interned in camps because of fear they were loyal to Japan
bull Began attack in Northern Africa ndash Forced surrender of
Axis army in Northern Africa in May 1943
ndash Staging ground for invasion of Italy
bull Invaded Italy in July 1943
bull Defeated Mussolini by August 1943 ndash Mussolini overthrown
bull Germany weakened by having to fight Allies in Italy to save Mussolini
Northern Africa to Italy
Aug 1942 Battle of Stalingrad
bull 1942 Hitler still stalled outside Leningrad switch to oil rich Stalingrad in the South ndash Germans surrounded
city ndash Soviets from North
surrounded Germans ndash Fought street by street
house by house bull Early 1943 Germans
surrendered and were pushed out of USSR by Aug 1944
D-Day
bull 1944 US General Eisenhower prepared to open second European Front ndash Bombed German factories
cities and aircraft to weaken army
bull June 6 1944 Paratroopers dropped into France at dawn soldiers stormed the beaches of Normandy France others entered through Italy French resisted from inside Paris
bull All of France free by September 1944
Hitler‟s Last Stand
bull Battle of the Bulge Dec 1944- Battle in Ardennes Mts Of Belgium ndash Offensive by Germans to
split the Allied army in half ndash Initially successful but
Allies prevailed pushing into Germany bull April 1945 Americans meet
Soviets at Elbe River bull Mussolini assassinated Hitler
committed suicide and European conflict officially over on VE Day May 8 1945 (Victory in Europe)
WAR IN THE PACIFIC
Bataan Death March
bull May 1942 Japan takes
control of US Phillipines ndash Forced 75000 American
soldiers and Filipino
civilians on a 68 mile
march to remove the
enemy forces from areas
around their next area of
attack bull Starved beaten tortured
murdered
Island Hopping Campaign bull General McArthur
successful at The Battle of Midway in June 1942 ndash Began hopping from
Island to Island retaking Japanese controlled lands
bull British fighting in Burma and Malaya staged from which colony ndash McArthur had vowed to
return to help Philippines Oct 1944 kept promise
Gloom in the Pacific
bull 1945 war in Europe over
all resources into Pacific
but Japan still strong and ndash Japanese began Kamikaze
missions (which are)
ndash Japanese fought to the
death rather than surrender
at Iwo Jima and Okinawa
bull Success seemed far way
The Allies Choice
bull Planned an invasion of Japan but fearful of Allied casualties
bull July 1945 International group of scientists completed the Manhattan Project successfully testing an atomic bomb in what State
bull President Harry Truman (what happened to FDR) gives Emperor Hirohito an ultimatum surrender or face ldquoutter and complete destructionrdquo-Japan ignores
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
bull August 6 1945-Atomic bomb instantly kills 70000 Japanese citizens Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 8 1945-Soviets declare war and invade Manchuria Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 9 1945-US bomb Nagasaki- atomic bomb instantly kills 40000 Japanese
bull August 10th Hirohito forces Japanese military to surrender officially ending the war in September
Atomic Bomb Debate
bull Should the US have dropped the bombs
Why or Why not ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against the use
of atomic bombs to end WWII
ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against keeping
or destroying all atomic bombs now
Effects of the War
bull Mass Casualties ndash 75 million people total
bull 22 million in the Soviet Union alone (most)
bull Nuremberg Trials ndash Axis powers tried for
Crimes against humanity bull 142 Germans and
Austrians (many Nazi leaders) tried and sentenced to death for their associations with the Holocaust
bull Similar trials in Japan for what actions
ndash Served to show military could be held responsible for their actions exposed the horrors of fascists and dictators hoping to secure a place for democracy
Holocaust Facts
bull 6 million Jews 4 million more gypsies Slavic peoples homosexuals or physically handicapped systematically killed
bull Millions more enslaved in work camps used for medical experiments
bull Jews and others fought back ndash Destroyed gas
chambers ndash Hid Jewish people ndash Denmark and Bulgaria
managed to save almost their entire Jewish population
Denmark‟s Jews
bull Niels Bohr (Danish physicist contracted to work on The Manhattan Project in US) snuck out of Denmark to Neutral Sweden for safe passage to US when arrived in Sweden refused to leave to the US until they agreed to offer asylum to all the Danish Jews All Jews were quietly snuck out of Denmark with the help of the failing Danish government and ordinary citizens who had been hiding them during the German occupation
United Nations
bull April 1945 50 nations created the UN Charter in San Francisco
bull 5 permanent members of the Security Council US Britain France Soviet Union (now Russia) and China ndash Can veto the decisions of the others-all must agree in order
to take action often a weakness for the organization bull Dedicated to keeping World Peace through international
peace keeping missions ndash Work towards strengthening education preventing disease
poverty and hunger bull Relies upon local governments for coordination-often
leading to inefficiencies when the governments are the ones creating the problems
Extra Credit Assignment
bull Pretend you are President Harry Truman trying to convince the US Congress to allow the US the join the United Nations since they wanted to stay out of the League of Nations years previously Write a 12 sentence speech convincing Congress to join using what you have learned from WWII and create a propaganda poster to support your speech
bull Due the Day we return from Christmas Break-Will replace a quiz grade with a 100 if done well
THE COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE WARS 1 RUSSIA
Communist Government of Lenin 1922
bull Communist Government of Lenin 1922 ndash Elected Electorate ndash All power in the hands
of workers and peasants
ndash Old Russian Empire united under Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)
ndash Reality Party not the people ruled through secret police and army
Lenin‟s NEP New Economic Policy
bull Compromise between Communism and Capitalism ndash Government controls
banks trade and large industries small businesses left for personal profit
ndash Economy recovered from WWI
Joseph Stalin gains Control
bull 1924-Lenin Dies bull Stalin (born Joseph
Djugashvili-took name Stalin (man of steel when he joined the Bolshevik revolution) ~vid 127 part 2
bull Lenin warned he was too ambitious to be in control
bull Stalin placed his supporters in top positions thus ensuring his vote as head of the party
bull Had is rival Trotsky assassinated in Mexico in 1929
Stalin‟s Five-Year Plans
bull Goal Make USSR a modern industrial power ndash Build Heavy Industry
Improve Transportation Increase Farm Output
ndash 1929 Totalitarian State One party Dictatorship controlling every aspect of life bull Terror censorship and
secret police bull Propaganda boosted
successes hid failures called for extreme nationalism-loyalty to state above family
Industrial Growth
bull Command Economy ndash Pure Communist Economy ndash Government made ALL basic economic
decisions bull Owned all businesses and allocated all
resources to the people ndash Bonuses for those who reached
production goals ndash Punishments for those who didnrsquot ndash Mixed Effects
bull Large industrial improvements in heavy industry but shortages in other areas
bull Successful individuals improved their livelihood others wages low and problems getting consumer good
ndash Clothing cars refrigerators
Agriculture bull Formed Collectives-
large communal farms owned and operated by peasants (no private property except home and belongings) ndash Turned over animals
and farm equipment to the collective
ndash Peasants Rebel kill animals destroyed tools burned crops bull Stalin ordered army to
respond with machine guns killing crowds of people peasantsrsquo lands confiscated and sent to forced labor camps
bull Famine killed 5-8 million people in certain areas
The Great Purge
bull ldquoShow Trialsrdquo ndash Public tortures of party
activists war heroes mangers writers citizens forcing them to confess to crimes of counter revolution or not meeting production goals
bull Effects ndash Stalinrsquos power increased
(why) ndash Vulnerable military because
leaders killed ndash 4 million people killed by
purges another 16 million ldquodisappearedrdquo or killed during other uprisings
THE COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE WARS
2 THE UNITED STATES
Globalization of the Economy
Begins
bull Economies turn from local production and consumption to a global market ndash Cheap raw materials from Latin
America Asia and Africa pour into Western Nations lowering production costs
ndash Farmers miners and others in this sector of the economy in Europe and United States see demand for their products and their economic stability slump
bull Unions fought and won higher wages for factory workers = higher price of products ndash Farmers Miners etc could no
longer afford industrial products ndash Factory production begins to
slump bull People ignore the signs
Roaring 20s of the US
bull Europersquos industry destroyed post world war
bull US steps in as leading world economic power ndash Name some new
inventions of the early 20th century
ndash Mass consumerism begins because they wanted them all
ndash Gimme that Plastic- Buying on Credit begins-Canrsquot pay right now No problem-buy now pay later
bull People believed there would be never ending prosperity in the United States ldquoThe USrsquos business is businessrdquo President Coolidge said
Women find new Freedom
bull Showed they were strong and independent during War Time Economy ndash Gained right to vote in US
in 1920 bull New inventions freed up
time ndash Vacuums for Floors ndash Dishwashers for plates
bull Now what will these housewives do ndash Flappers Women pushed
up their hemlines chopped off their hair began going out at night without their fathers or older brothers and more women got college educations
Chief Check 59 1 What was the Kellog-Briand Pact 2 Why did the US not join the League of Nations
(we discussed this last unit it is not in your notes- use the political cartoon to the right)
3 How did Stalinrsquos economic plan differ from that of Leninrsquos
4 How did the peasantrsquos react to Stalinrsquos agricultural plan
5 What are the ldquoShow Trialsrdquo of Stalin 6 What caused the demand for raw materials in the
US to go down thus causing less people to buy industrial products because they couldnrsquot afford them leading industrial production to decrease as well
A Great Purge B Black Tuesday C Collectives D Totalitarianism E Globalization
7 How did new inventions give women more freedom
8 What is a flapper
bull All people wanted a piece of the booming 20rsquos Stock Market
bull Speculation ndash Buying stocks believing
they would go up and up ndash Like their refrigerators
people bought these stocks by ldquomargin buyingrdquo- paid for part and rich stock brokers paid for the rest with interest bull Uncertainty in the market
in autumn of 1929 lead Brokers to ask these investors to pay NOW
bull Only way to pay at this time was to sell their stocks bringing the market further down
bull PANIC set in More and more people continued to sell to salvage what they could
The Crash of bdquo29
Great Depression Begins
bull Video
bull Government Reaction ndash President Hoover stuck
to firm capitalist viewhelliphow should the government intervene in this slumping economy Did this help
ndash Franklin D Roosevelt elected in 1932 stated government MUST TAKE ACTION bull Creates his New Deal of
the 3 Rrsquos Relief Recovery and Reform
What do you call this
FDR‟s New Deal bull Relief
ndash Subsidies to farmers suffering from The Dust Bowl and sinking production
ndash Unemployment Benefits
bull Recovery ndash Public Works Programs
Funded government paid jobs to build roads museums parks bridges schools
bull Reform ndash Deposits at Banks
ensured by government ndash Social Security benefits
for retirement and disability
Houses were shut tight and cloth wedged around doors and windows but the dust came in so thinly that it could not be seen in the air and it settled like pollen on the chairs and tables on the dishes ~ Grapes of Wrath
Global Economic Crisis bull How were European economies after WWI
ndash American Banks crashing during 1930rsquos and stopped loaning to foreign governments
ndash US government demanded the Europeans repay their war debthellipbut unable
bull US tried to compensate by raising tariffs (which are) ndash Backfired-others raised their tariffs to
compensatehellipshutting each other out of the global market
THE COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE WARS
3 CHINA AND JAPAN
After the Open Door Policy
bull How was Chinarsquos Republic after it was open to trade
bull 1912 Became a military state-warlords took advantage of local communities fighting and famine throughout China
bull What did Japan get from the Treaty of Versailles (reason they entered) ndash Japan seeks greater power to
make China a protectorate (internally free internationally a territory of another country)
Japan After the War
bull Control by Emperor Hirohito 1926 ndash Became the China of
the 19th Century (all goods made in Japan using cheap labor)
ndash Nationalism rose over the ldquoYellow Perilrdquo (which is)
ndash Military domination in the government by 1937 bull Children were taught
ldquoThe Way of the Subjectsrdquo or how they were to give total obedience to the government and emperor
Japan Invades China
bull Manchurian Incident ndash Blew up their own
Japanese railroad line in Manchuria China-blamed Chinese
ndash 1931 Japan invaded Manchuria bull Leaders of China ignore
and continue fighting each other
bull 1937 Japan Bombs major cities such as Beijing
bull Rape of Nanjing ndash Japanese enter city killing
hundreds of thousands brutalizing thousands more (video)
THE COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE WARS 4 ITALY
Effects of WWI on Italy
bull Disappointed Why ndash Nationalism soared
bull Veterans and peasants in
economic ruin
bull Constant uprising and
need for strong control
Fascism bull Lead to the creation of
the Fascist Party by Benito Mussolini ndash Based on fasces
(sticks wrapped around an axe) the Roman symbol of authority
ndash Goal to create a non communist authoritarian government bull Glorifying action
violence discipline and absolute blind obedience to the state
bull Antidemocratic rejecting reason and equality
bull Echoed Expansion under idea of Social Darwinism (which is)
Mussolini‟s Italy
bull Given the Prime Minister position by King to avoid conflict
bull 1925 Seized more power called Il Duce (eel doochay) ndash Censorship ndash Secret Police ndash Corrupt elections given Fascist
leaders control bull Fascist party members
(individually) controlled business not the government
bull Men called to ruthless military duty
bull Women called to motherhood bull Strict military style education
glorifying Rome and Italy
THE COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE WARS 5 GERMANY
Review Effects of the Treaty of Versailles
bull In 1919 created a democratic Weimar Republic
bull Who was blamed for WWI bull What did they have to pay
ndash Reparations killing economy bull What important economic areas did
they lose ndash Coal rich industrial towns no longer in
their control bull Answer to economic problem Print
More Money Why is this a problem ndash Principle of Supply and Demand-Supply
high value lessons ndash Leads to massive inflation
bull Look for scapegoats-some blamed the Jewish people (why)
Dawes Plan bull World Rallied to
help Weimer Republic ndash France
withdrew from Coal rich Ruhr Valley
ndash US France and Britain lower reparations payments
bull Recovered but then killed again by Great Depression
Rise of Adolf Hitler
bull 1920 National Socialist German Workers party created (Nazirsquos-not socialists at all) ndash NOT SOCIALIST-
FACIST (what is this)
bull Urged Germans all over the world to unite and expand
bull Demanded Germany needed a strong leader or Fuhrer
Mein Kampf bull Published Mein Kampf
ldquoMy Strugglerdquo 1925 ndash Outlines Nazi ideology
and goals bull Extreme Nationalism bull Superiority of the Germans
Throw off the chains of the Treaty of Versailles and create a world dominated by the superior German Aryan Race
bull Anti-Semitism (what is it) ndashBelief Jews were conspiring to overthrow the government states that the gassing of thousands of Jews would mean that the sacrifice of millions of soldiers will not be in vain
Hitler‟s Democratic Take-over bull What 2 main circumstances in Germany played into Hitlerrsquos rise
bull Promised to end reparations create jobs and arm Germany for the
future
bull Nazis gained more and more legislative seats
bull By the democratic process Hitler elected Chancellor (leader) in 1933
bull Took 1 year to suspend civil rights and disbanded all opposing
political parties executing any party members he believed were
disloyal (speech)
Hitler‟s Third Reich
bull Why the Third Reich bull Totalitarianism
ndash Power by what means bull Economic
ndash Public Works programs (which are) bull Highways trains housing bull Rebuilt industry through arms
development bull Employment soaredhellipthe people
cheered
bull Social Policy ndash Hitler Youth indoctrinated with
racism and absolute loyalty ndash Censorship toward pure German
Society (burned books propaganda) ndash Pure Aryan women rewarded for
having babies turned away from universities and upper level positions
Cultural Purge
bull Churches Close ndash Hitler Christianity
ldquoweakrdquo ndash All Protestant
faiths combined into a state church indoctrinating Aryan superiority
ndash Some Catholic churches closed if spoke out against Nazi regime
Nuremberg Laws 1935
bull Laws stated Jewish people could NOT
bull Marry non Jews
bull Attend or teach in German
schools
bull Hold Government positions
bull Practice Law or Medicine
bull Publish Books
bull Urged the unprovoked
beatings of Jewish people in public ndash Effect many German Jews like Albert Einstein fled
Night of the Broken Glass ldquoKristallnachtrdquo
bull November 7 1938 a young Jew who had watched his parents be mistreated in Germany shot a German diplomat in Paris ndash From article Specifically
why was Grynszpan mad ndash Goebbels and Hitler want
who to rise up and attack the Jewish people Did this happen Who did
bull Hitler reacted by attacking Jewish communities (called) ndash Destroyed buildings burned
synagogues and dragged Jewish people into the street for public beatings
World Reaction
bull World swiftly and negatively reacted to The Night of the Broken Glass
bull Hitlerrsquos response ndash Make the Jewish people
pay for the damage ndash Increase his campaign by
forcing them into concentration camps (what are these)
ndash Began plotting his ldquofinal solutionrdquo (which was)
ldquoWork makes one Freerdquo
bull ldquoThe Nazis came first for the Communists But I wasnrsquot Communist so I didnrsquot speak up Then they came for the Jews but I wasnrsquot a Jew so I didnrsquot speak uphellipThen they came for the unionists but I was a Protestant so I didnrsquot speak up Then they came for me By that time there was no one left to speak uprdquo ndash Lutheran Minister Martin Niemoller
bull What lesson can be learned from this
Critical Thinking
bull Find 6 similarities between the Totalitarian
States of the USSR Italy and Germany
APPEASING THE ENEMY
Policy of Appeasement 1936 bull Appeasement Giving
into the demands of aggressors in order to keep peace ndash West did everything from
weak sanctions to ignoring aggressive behavior to avoid War bull Italy invaded Ethiopia
1935 ndash League of Nations (whorsquos
involved) passed economic sanctions but couldnrsquot enforce them
bull 1936 Germans invaded the Rhineland (demilitarized no manrsquos land protecting France from Germany)
ndash France and Britain turn a blinds eye
ndash WHY
1935 US Passes Neutrality Acts
bull Neutrality Acts ndash US will not do the
following with
countries at war bull Sell arms
bull Loan money
bull Have Americans
travel on their ships
(why)
1936 The Axis of ldquoEvilrdquo
bull Germany Italy and
Japan form an
alliance to ldquoend
communismrdquo ndash Really an
agreement to NOT
stop each other
from expanding
1936 Spain falls to Fascist Franco with Nazi Germany‟s help
bull Germany bombs Guernica Spain as a dress rehearsal for their new war planes- 1600 innocent civilians were killed
A neutral Europe
bull On your map choose a color for countries that remained as neutral as humanly possible in this case Color and label the following (Good practice for the Map Quiz tomorrow) ndash Switzerland ndash Sweden ndash Republic of Ireland ndash Portugal ndash Spain
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Germany
ndash Italy
ndash Northern Africa
German Expansion
bull What were Hitlerrsquos goals ndash Unite Germans
everywhere ndash Create more living
space bull 1st Move 1938 Annex
Austria his birthplace (easily fell Europe did nothing)
bull 2nd Move 1938 Demand the annexation of the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia which was home to mostly Germans
ndash Munich Conference-Germany ldquopromisedrdquo to not invade any more land so Britain and France persuaded Czechs to surrender the territory
bull Soon to be Prime Minister of Great Britain (1940) Winston Churchill said of the decision ndash ldquoThey had to
chose between war or dishonor They chose dishonor they will have warrdquo
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Austria
ndash Czechoslovakia (Find Czech Republic and
Slovakia) Color them both in
Assignment bull Create your own political cartoon that
expresses the effects of Appeasement and Neutrality upon Europe ndash Create a Catchy Title and Write it on the Top
line in Marker ndash Draw the Picture in the box and COLOR and or
use BLACK MARKER to outline any pencil markshellipyou will not be graded on your drawing ability but you will be graded on your creativity use of historical information neatness overall effort and your ability to stay on task
ndash Sign the bottom
Nazi-Soviet Pact 1939
bull August nonaggression pact between Germany and Soviet Union signed ndash Would not fight if the
other went to war ndash Divide Poland and
Eastern Europe between them bull Soviets reason Gain
territory and time to build arms
bull Germany free to take Poland avoid a two front war (why)
The Poland Promise
bull Hitler didnrsquot stop at the Sudetenland and took more and more of Czechoslovakia
bull Britain and France accepted the failure of appeasement and promised to protect Poland Germany obvious next move ndash September 1939 Nazirsquos invade
Poland and Britain and France honor their agreement declaring war on Germany
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries that are Axis Controlled Color and label the following ndash Poland ndash Yugoslavia (Find Serbia color it all in) ndash Romania ndash Hungary ndash Bulgaria ndash Greece ndash Albania
THE BEGINNINGS OF WWII EARLY AXIS ACHIEVEMENTS
Nazi Blitzkrieg
bull Blitzkrieg ldquoLightning Warrdquo ndash German strategy to
do a series of quick constant attacks to keep the enemy from easily responding bull Easily took Norway
Denmark Netherlands Belgium sites set on France
The Fall of France
bull British troops were evacuated bull German Attacked from the
North bull Italy from the South bull Outnumbered and
demoralized France Falls ndash June 1940 forced to
surrender in the same place Germany was forced to sign the Treaty of Versailles
ndash French officers including Charles de Gaulle escaped to Britain to plan liberation
ndash French continued guerrilla warfare against the Axis powers
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Denmark
ndash Norway
ndash Netherlands
ndash Belgium
ndash France
Operation Sea Lion
bull Battle of Britain-Failure of the Blitz ndash Winston Churchill ldquoWe
shall never surrenderrdquo ndash August 1940 first bombs
by German plains bull 57 Day campaign of
bombing London bull People defiantly
continued their lives 15000 people lost their lives Parliament still met King and Queen went to bomb shelters with citizens
ndash May 1941 Hitler calls it a failure and calls a new strategy
Operation Barbarossa History Repeats itself
bull June 1941 Turned sites on Soviet Union ndash Caught Stalin off guard
leading to the death of 2 frac12 million soldiers in 6 months (Why) bull Nazi-Soviet Pact bull Many top officers assassinated
during Stalinrsquos purge ndash Soviets turned to burning
crops and animals destroying cities to avoid Germans taking them bull Called bull Scorched Earth Policy bull So also like Napoleon what
happens when winter comes
Siege of Leningrad lasts 2 frac12 years bull Millions die of hunger Britain reemerges to help
Soviets with creating a 2 Front War on Germany
US‟s 1941 1 Sided Neutrality
bull Lend-Lease Act FDR can lend war materials to any country whose defense the president thinks is vital to keeping the US safe ndash ldquoArsenal of democracyrdquo lend arms to those fighting for freedom ndash Meaning who in this war
bull Atlantic Charter secret meeting between Churchill and FDR- destroy Nazis people right to chose how they are governed
ldquoA Date which will remain in infamyrdquo
bull Japan is creating a growing Pacific Empire
bull Under Atlantic Charter US stops providing war materials to JapanhellipWhy
bull Japan mad-General Tojo orders attacks on American Military Fleet in Pearl Harbor
bull December 7 1941 declares war on Japan
bull December 11 rest of Axis powers declare war on US
bull Beginning of 1942-Axis powers at their height of control
EUROPEAN SUCCESS
Distrustful Allies
bull Stalin Churchill and FDR distrust each other ndash Stalin fearful Churchill
and FDR deliberately delaying the beginning of Western Front war to weaken Communism
ndash Roosevelt leery Churchill will want to expand British Imperial power
The Side Effects of Total War
bull Allies began Total War (meaning) ndash Men drafted to war ndash Propaganda
bull Posters news broadcasts everything showed the evils of Japanese and Germans Rosie the Riveter pics urged women into factories
ndash Effects ndash Women urged to do their part by
kicking off their dresses and working in factories building war materials
ndash Rationing of food and war materials ndash 1942 Japanese Americans lost their jobs
property and rights by being interned in camps because of fear they were loyal to Japan
bull Began attack in Northern Africa ndash Forced surrender of
Axis army in Northern Africa in May 1943
ndash Staging ground for invasion of Italy
bull Invaded Italy in July 1943
bull Defeated Mussolini by August 1943 ndash Mussolini overthrown
bull Germany weakened by having to fight Allies in Italy to save Mussolini
Northern Africa to Italy
Aug 1942 Battle of Stalingrad
bull 1942 Hitler still stalled outside Leningrad switch to oil rich Stalingrad in the South ndash Germans surrounded
city ndash Soviets from North
surrounded Germans ndash Fought street by street
house by house bull Early 1943 Germans
surrendered and were pushed out of USSR by Aug 1944
D-Day
bull 1944 US General Eisenhower prepared to open second European Front ndash Bombed German factories
cities and aircraft to weaken army
bull June 6 1944 Paratroopers dropped into France at dawn soldiers stormed the beaches of Normandy France others entered through Italy French resisted from inside Paris
bull All of France free by September 1944
Hitler‟s Last Stand
bull Battle of the Bulge Dec 1944- Battle in Ardennes Mts Of Belgium ndash Offensive by Germans to
split the Allied army in half ndash Initially successful but
Allies prevailed pushing into Germany bull April 1945 Americans meet
Soviets at Elbe River bull Mussolini assassinated Hitler
committed suicide and European conflict officially over on VE Day May 8 1945 (Victory in Europe)
WAR IN THE PACIFIC
Bataan Death March
bull May 1942 Japan takes
control of US Phillipines ndash Forced 75000 American
soldiers and Filipino
civilians on a 68 mile
march to remove the
enemy forces from areas
around their next area of
attack bull Starved beaten tortured
murdered
Island Hopping Campaign bull General McArthur
successful at The Battle of Midway in June 1942 ndash Began hopping from
Island to Island retaking Japanese controlled lands
bull British fighting in Burma and Malaya staged from which colony ndash McArthur had vowed to
return to help Philippines Oct 1944 kept promise
Gloom in the Pacific
bull 1945 war in Europe over
all resources into Pacific
but Japan still strong and ndash Japanese began Kamikaze
missions (which are)
ndash Japanese fought to the
death rather than surrender
at Iwo Jima and Okinawa
bull Success seemed far way
The Allies Choice
bull Planned an invasion of Japan but fearful of Allied casualties
bull July 1945 International group of scientists completed the Manhattan Project successfully testing an atomic bomb in what State
bull President Harry Truman (what happened to FDR) gives Emperor Hirohito an ultimatum surrender or face ldquoutter and complete destructionrdquo-Japan ignores
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
bull August 6 1945-Atomic bomb instantly kills 70000 Japanese citizens Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 8 1945-Soviets declare war and invade Manchuria Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 9 1945-US bomb Nagasaki- atomic bomb instantly kills 40000 Japanese
bull August 10th Hirohito forces Japanese military to surrender officially ending the war in September
Atomic Bomb Debate
bull Should the US have dropped the bombs
Why or Why not ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against the use
of atomic bombs to end WWII
ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against keeping
or destroying all atomic bombs now
Effects of the War
bull Mass Casualties ndash 75 million people total
bull 22 million in the Soviet Union alone (most)
bull Nuremberg Trials ndash Axis powers tried for
Crimes against humanity bull 142 Germans and
Austrians (many Nazi leaders) tried and sentenced to death for their associations with the Holocaust
bull Similar trials in Japan for what actions
ndash Served to show military could be held responsible for their actions exposed the horrors of fascists and dictators hoping to secure a place for democracy
Holocaust Facts
bull 6 million Jews 4 million more gypsies Slavic peoples homosexuals or physically handicapped systematically killed
bull Millions more enslaved in work camps used for medical experiments
bull Jews and others fought back ndash Destroyed gas
chambers ndash Hid Jewish people ndash Denmark and Bulgaria
managed to save almost their entire Jewish population
Denmark‟s Jews
bull Niels Bohr (Danish physicist contracted to work on The Manhattan Project in US) snuck out of Denmark to Neutral Sweden for safe passage to US when arrived in Sweden refused to leave to the US until they agreed to offer asylum to all the Danish Jews All Jews were quietly snuck out of Denmark with the help of the failing Danish government and ordinary citizens who had been hiding them during the German occupation
United Nations
bull April 1945 50 nations created the UN Charter in San Francisco
bull 5 permanent members of the Security Council US Britain France Soviet Union (now Russia) and China ndash Can veto the decisions of the others-all must agree in order
to take action often a weakness for the organization bull Dedicated to keeping World Peace through international
peace keeping missions ndash Work towards strengthening education preventing disease
poverty and hunger bull Relies upon local governments for coordination-often
leading to inefficiencies when the governments are the ones creating the problems
Extra Credit Assignment
bull Pretend you are President Harry Truman trying to convince the US Congress to allow the US the join the United Nations since they wanted to stay out of the League of Nations years previously Write a 12 sentence speech convincing Congress to join using what you have learned from WWII and create a propaganda poster to support your speech
bull Due the Day we return from Christmas Break-Will replace a quiz grade with a 100 if done well
Communist Government of Lenin 1922
bull Communist Government of Lenin 1922 ndash Elected Electorate ndash All power in the hands
of workers and peasants
ndash Old Russian Empire united under Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)
ndash Reality Party not the people ruled through secret police and army
Lenin‟s NEP New Economic Policy
bull Compromise between Communism and Capitalism ndash Government controls
banks trade and large industries small businesses left for personal profit
ndash Economy recovered from WWI
Joseph Stalin gains Control
bull 1924-Lenin Dies bull Stalin (born Joseph
Djugashvili-took name Stalin (man of steel when he joined the Bolshevik revolution) ~vid 127 part 2
bull Lenin warned he was too ambitious to be in control
bull Stalin placed his supporters in top positions thus ensuring his vote as head of the party
bull Had is rival Trotsky assassinated in Mexico in 1929
Stalin‟s Five-Year Plans
bull Goal Make USSR a modern industrial power ndash Build Heavy Industry
Improve Transportation Increase Farm Output
ndash 1929 Totalitarian State One party Dictatorship controlling every aspect of life bull Terror censorship and
secret police bull Propaganda boosted
successes hid failures called for extreme nationalism-loyalty to state above family
Industrial Growth
bull Command Economy ndash Pure Communist Economy ndash Government made ALL basic economic
decisions bull Owned all businesses and allocated all
resources to the people ndash Bonuses for those who reached
production goals ndash Punishments for those who didnrsquot ndash Mixed Effects
bull Large industrial improvements in heavy industry but shortages in other areas
bull Successful individuals improved their livelihood others wages low and problems getting consumer good
ndash Clothing cars refrigerators
Agriculture bull Formed Collectives-
large communal farms owned and operated by peasants (no private property except home and belongings) ndash Turned over animals
and farm equipment to the collective
ndash Peasants Rebel kill animals destroyed tools burned crops bull Stalin ordered army to
respond with machine guns killing crowds of people peasantsrsquo lands confiscated and sent to forced labor camps
bull Famine killed 5-8 million people in certain areas
The Great Purge
bull ldquoShow Trialsrdquo ndash Public tortures of party
activists war heroes mangers writers citizens forcing them to confess to crimes of counter revolution or not meeting production goals
bull Effects ndash Stalinrsquos power increased
(why) ndash Vulnerable military because
leaders killed ndash 4 million people killed by
purges another 16 million ldquodisappearedrdquo or killed during other uprisings
THE COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE WARS
2 THE UNITED STATES
Globalization of the Economy
Begins
bull Economies turn from local production and consumption to a global market ndash Cheap raw materials from Latin
America Asia and Africa pour into Western Nations lowering production costs
ndash Farmers miners and others in this sector of the economy in Europe and United States see demand for their products and their economic stability slump
bull Unions fought and won higher wages for factory workers = higher price of products ndash Farmers Miners etc could no
longer afford industrial products ndash Factory production begins to
slump bull People ignore the signs
Roaring 20s of the US
bull Europersquos industry destroyed post world war
bull US steps in as leading world economic power ndash Name some new
inventions of the early 20th century
ndash Mass consumerism begins because they wanted them all
ndash Gimme that Plastic- Buying on Credit begins-Canrsquot pay right now No problem-buy now pay later
bull People believed there would be never ending prosperity in the United States ldquoThe USrsquos business is businessrdquo President Coolidge said
Women find new Freedom
bull Showed they were strong and independent during War Time Economy ndash Gained right to vote in US
in 1920 bull New inventions freed up
time ndash Vacuums for Floors ndash Dishwashers for plates
bull Now what will these housewives do ndash Flappers Women pushed
up their hemlines chopped off their hair began going out at night without their fathers or older brothers and more women got college educations
Chief Check 59 1 What was the Kellog-Briand Pact 2 Why did the US not join the League of Nations
(we discussed this last unit it is not in your notes- use the political cartoon to the right)
3 How did Stalinrsquos economic plan differ from that of Leninrsquos
4 How did the peasantrsquos react to Stalinrsquos agricultural plan
5 What are the ldquoShow Trialsrdquo of Stalin 6 What caused the demand for raw materials in the
US to go down thus causing less people to buy industrial products because they couldnrsquot afford them leading industrial production to decrease as well
A Great Purge B Black Tuesday C Collectives D Totalitarianism E Globalization
7 How did new inventions give women more freedom
8 What is a flapper
bull All people wanted a piece of the booming 20rsquos Stock Market
bull Speculation ndash Buying stocks believing
they would go up and up ndash Like their refrigerators
people bought these stocks by ldquomargin buyingrdquo- paid for part and rich stock brokers paid for the rest with interest bull Uncertainty in the market
in autumn of 1929 lead Brokers to ask these investors to pay NOW
bull Only way to pay at this time was to sell their stocks bringing the market further down
bull PANIC set in More and more people continued to sell to salvage what they could
The Crash of bdquo29
Great Depression Begins
bull Video
bull Government Reaction ndash President Hoover stuck
to firm capitalist viewhelliphow should the government intervene in this slumping economy Did this help
ndash Franklin D Roosevelt elected in 1932 stated government MUST TAKE ACTION bull Creates his New Deal of
the 3 Rrsquos Relief Recovery and Reform
What do you call this
FDR‟s New Deal bull Relief
ndash Subsidies to farmers suffering from The Dust Bowl and sinking production
ndash Unemployment Benefits
bull Recovery ndash Public Works Programs
Funded government paid jobs to build roads museums parks bridges schools
bull Reform ndash Deposits at Banks
ensured by government ndash Social Security benefits
for retirement and disability
Houses were shut tight and cloth wedged around doors and windows but the dust came in so thinly that it could not be seen in the air and it settled like pollen on the chairs and tables on the dishes ~ Grapes of Wrath
Global Economic Crisis bull How were European economies after WWI
ndash American Banks crashing during 1930rsquos and stopped loaning to foreign governments
ndash US government demanded the Europeans repay their war debthellipbut unable
bull US tried to compensate by raising tariffs (which are) ndash Backfired-others raised their tariffs to
compensatehellipshutting each other out of the global market
THE COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE WARS
3 CHINA AND JAPAN
After the Open Door Policy
bull How was Chinarsquos Republic after it was open to trade
bull 1912 Became a military state-warlords took advantage of local communities fighting and famine throughout China
bull What did Japan get from the Treaty of Versailles (reason they entered) ndash Japan seeks greater power to
make China a protectorate (internally free internationally a territory of another country)
Japan After the War
bull Control by Emperor Hirohito 1926 ndash Became the China of
the 19th Century (all goods made in Japan using cheap labor)
ndash Nationalism rose over the ldquoYellow Perilrdquo (which is)
ndash Military domination in the government by 1937 bull Children were taught
ldquoThe Way of the Subjectsrdquo or how they were to give total obedience to the government and emperor
Japan Invades China
bull Manchurian Incident ndash Blew up their own
Japanese railroad line in Manchuria China-blamed Chinese
ndash 1931 Japan invaded Manchuria bull Leaders of China ignore
and continue fighting each other
bull 1937 Japan Bombs major cities such as Beijing
bull Rape of Nanjing ndash Japanese enter city killing
hundreds of thousands brutalizing thousands more (video)
THE COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE WARS 4 ITALY
Effects of WWI on Italy
bull Disappointed Why ndash Nationalism soared
bull Veterans and peasants in
economic ruin
bull Constant uprising and
need for strong control
Fascism bull Lead to the creation of
the Fascist Party by Benito Mussolini ndash Based on fasces
(sticks wrapped around an axe) the Roman symbol of authority
ndash Goal to create a non communist authoritarian government bull Glorifying action
violence discipline and absolute blind obedience to the state
bull Antidemocratic rejecting reason and equality
bull Echoed Expansion under idea of Social Darwinism (which is)
Mussolini‟s Italy
bull Given the Prime Minister position by King to avoid conflict
bull 1925 Seized more power called Il Duce (eel doochay) ndash Censorship ndash Secret Police ndash Corrupt elections given Fascist
leaders control bull Fascist party members
(individually) controlled business not the government
bull Men called to ruthless military duty
bull Women called to motherhood bull Strict military style education
glorifying Rome and Italy
THE COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE WARS 5 GERMANY
Review Effects of the Treaty of Versailles
bull In 1919 created a democratic Weimar Republic
bull Who was blamed for WWI bull What did they have to pay
ndash Reparations killing economy bull What important economic areas did
they lose ndash Coal rich industrial towns no longer in
their control bull Answer to economic problem Print
More Money Why is this a problem ndash Principle of Supply and Demand-Supply
high value lessons ndash Leads to massive inflation
bull Look for scapegoats-some blamed the Jewish people (why)
Dawes Plan bull World Rallied to
help Weimer Republic ndash France
withdrew from Coal rich Ruhr Valley
ndash US France and Britain lower reparations payments
bull Recovered but then killed again by Great Depression
Rise of Adolf Hitler
bull 1920 National Socialist German Workers party created (Nazirsquos-not socialists at all) ndash NOT SOCIALIST-
FACIST (what is this)
bull Urged Germans all over the world to unite and expand
bull Demanded Germany needed a strong leader or Fuhrer
Mein Kampf bull Published Mein Kampf
ldquoMy Strugglerdquo 1925 ndash Outlines Nazi ideology
and goals bull Extreme Nationalism bull Superiority of the Germans
Throw off the chains of the Treaty of Versailles and create a world dominated by the superior German Aryan Race
bull Anti-Semitism (what is it) ndashBelief Jews were conspiring to overthrow the government states that the gassing of thousands of Jews would mean that the sacrifice of millions of soldiers will not be in vain
Hitler‟s Democratic Take-over bull What 2 main circumstances in Germany played into Hitlerrsquos rise
bull Promised to end reparations create jobs and arm Germany for the
future
bull Nazis gained more and more legislative seats
bull By the democratic process Hitler elected Chancellor (leader) in 1933
bull Took 1 year to suspend civil rights and disbanded all opposing
political parties executing any party members he believed were
disloyal (speech)
Hitler‟s Third Reich
bull Why the Third Reich bull Totalitarianism
ndash Power by what means bull Economic
ndash Public Works programs (which are) bull Highways trains housing bull Rebuilt industry through arms
development bull Employment soaredhellipthe people
cheered
bull Social Policy ndash Hitler Youth indoctrinated with
racism and absolute loyalty ndash Censorship toward pure German
Society (burned books propaganda) ndash Pure Aryan women rewarded for
having babies turned away from universities and upper level positions
Cultural Purge
bull Churches Close ndash Hitler Christianity
ldquoweakrdquo ndash All Protestant
faiths combined into a state church indoctrinating Aryan superiority
ndash Some Catholic churches closed if spoke out against Nazi regime
Nuremberg Laws 1935
bull Laws stated Jewish people could NOT
bull Marry non Jews
bull Attend or teach in German
schools
bull Hold Government positions
bull Practice Law or Medicine
bull Publish Books
bull Urged the unprovoked
beatings of Jewish people in public ndash Effect many German Jews like Albert Einstein fled
Night of the Broken Glass ldquoKristallnachtrdquo
bull November 7 1938 a young Jew who had watched his parents be mistreated in Germany shot a German diplomat in Paris ndash From article Specifically
why was Grynszpan mad ndash Goebbels and Hitler want
who to rise up and attack the Jewish people Did this happen Who did
bull Hitler reacted by attacking Jewish communities (called) ndash Destroyed buildings burned
synagogues and dragged Jewish people into the street for public beatings
World Reaction
bull World swiftly and negatively reacted to The Night of the Broken Glass
bull Hitlerrsquos response ndash Make the Jewish people
pay for the damage ndash Increase his campaign by
forcing them into concentration camps (what are these)
ndash Began plotting his ldquofinal solutionrdquo (which was)
ldquoWork makes one Freerdquo
bull ldquoThe Nazis came first for the Communists But I wasnrsquot Communist so I didnrsquot speak up Then they came for the Jews but I wasnrsquot a Jew so I didnrsquot speak uphellipThen they came for the unionists but I was a Protestant so I didnrsquot speak up Then they came for me By that time there was no one left to speak uprdquo ndash Lutheran Minister Martin Niemoller
bull What lesson can be learned from this
Critical Thinking
bull Find 6 similarities between the Totalitarian
States of the USSR Italy and Germany
APPEASING THE ENEMY
Policy of Appeasement 1936 bull Appeasement Giving
into the demands of aggressors in order to keep peace ndash West did everything from
weak sanctions to ignoring aggressive behavior to avoid War bull Italy invaded Ethiopia
1935 ndash League of Nations (whorsquos
involved) passed economic sanctions but couldnrsquot enforce them
bull 1936 Germans invaded the Rhineland (demilitarized no manrsquos land protecting France from Germany)
ndash France and Britain turn a blinds eye
ndash WHY
1935 US Passes Neutrality Acts
bull Neutrality Acts ndash US will not do the
following with
countries at war bull Sell arms
bull Loan money
bull Have Americans
travel on their ships
(why)
1936 The Axis of ldquoEvilrdquo
bull Germany Italy and
Japan form an
alliance to ldquoend
communismrdquo ndash Really an
agreement to NOT
stop each other
from expanding
1936 Spain falls to Fascist Franco with Nazi Germany‟s help
bull Germany bombs Guernica Spain as a dress rehearsal for their new war planes- 1600 innocent civilians were killed
A neutral Europe
bull On your map choose a color for countries that remained as neutral as humanly possible in this case Color and label the following (Good practice for the Map Quiz tomorrow) ndash Switzerland ndash Sweden ndash Republic of Ireland ndash Portugal ndash Spain
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Germany
ndash Italy
ndash Northern Africa
German Expansion
bull What were Hitlerrsquos goals ndash Unite Germans
everywhere ndash Create more living
space bull 1st Move 1938 Annex
Austria his birthplace (easily fell Europe did nothing)
bull 2nd Move 1938 Demand the annexation of the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia which was home to mostly Germans
ndash Munich Conference-Germany ldquopromisedrdquo to not invade any more land so Britain and France persuaded Czechs to surrender the territory
bull Soon to be Prime Minister of Great Britain (1940) Winston Churchill said of the decision ndash ldquoThey had to
chose between war or dishonor They chose dishonor they will have warrdquo
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Austria
ndash Czechoslovakia (Find Czech Republic and
Slovakia) Color them both in
Assignment bull Create your own political cartoon that
expresses the effects of Appeasement and Neutrality upon Europe ndash Create a Catchy Title and Write it on the Top
line in Marker ndash Draw the Picture in the box and COLOR and or
use BLACK MARKER to outline any pencil markshellipyou will not be graded on your drawing ability but you will be graded on your creativity use of historical information neatness overall effort and your ability to stay on task
ndash Sign the bottom
Nazi-Soviet Pact 1939
bull August nonaggression pact between Germany and Soviet Union signed ndash Would not fight if the
other went to war ndash Divide Poland and
Eastern Europe between them bull Soviets reason Gain
territory and time to build arms
bull Germany free to take Poland avoid a two front war (why)
The Poland Promise
bull Hitler didnrsquot stop at the Sudetenland and took more and more of Czechoslovakia
bull Britain and France accepted the failure of appeasement and promised to protect Poland Germany obvious next move ndash September 1939 Nazirsquos invade
Poland and Britain and France honor their agreement declaring war on Germany
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries that are Axis Controlled Color and label the following ndash Poland ndash Yugoslavia (Find Serbia color it all in) ndash Romania ndash Hungary ndash Bulgaria ndash Greece ndash Albania
THE BEGINNINGS OF WWII EARLY AXIS ACHIEVEMENTS
Nazi Blitzkrieg
bull Blitzkrieg ldquoLightning Warrdquo ndash German strategy to
do a series of quick constant attacks to keep the enemy from easily responding bull Easily took Norway
Denmark Netherlands Belgium sites set on France
The Fall of France
bull British troops were evacuated bull German Attacked from the
North bull Italy from the South bull Outnumbered and
demoralized France Falls ndash June 1940 forced to
surrender in the same place Germany was forced to sign the Treaty of Versailles
ndash French officers including Charles de Gaulle escaped to Britain to plan liberation
ndash French continued guerrilla warfare against the Axis powers
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Denmark
ndash Norway
ndash Netherlands
ndash Belgium
ndash France
Operation Sea Lion
bull Battle of Britain-Failure of the Blitz ndash Winston Churchill ldquoWe
shall never surrenderrdquo ndash August 1940 first bombs
by German plains bull 57 Day campaign of
bombing London bull People defiantly
continued their lives 15000 people lost their lives Parliament still met King and Queen went to bomb shelters with citizens
ndash May 1941 Hitler calls it a failure and calls a new strategy
Operation Barbarossa History Repeats itself
bull June 1941 Turned sites on Soviet Union ndash Caught Stalin off guard
leading to the death of 2 frac12 million soldiers in 6 months (Why) bull Nazi-Soviet Pact bull Many top officers assassinated
during Stalinrsquos purge ndash Soviets turned to burning
crops and animals destroying cities to avoid Germans taking them bull Called bull Scorched Earth Policy bull So also like Napoleon what
happens when winter comes
Siege of Leningrad lasts 2 frac12 years bull Millions die of hunger Britain reemerges to help
Soviets with creating a 2 Front War on Germany
US‟s 1941 1 Sided Neutrality
bull Lend-Lease Act FDR can lend war materials to any country whose defense the president thinks is vital to keeping the US safe ndash ldquoArsenal of democracyrdquo lend arms to those fighting for freedom ndash Meaning who in this war
bull Atlantic Charter secret meeting between Churchill and FDR- destroy Nazis people right to chose how they are governed
ldquoA Date which will remain in infamyrdquo
bull Japan is creating a growing Pacific Empire
bull Under Atlantic Charter US stops providing war materials to JapanhellipWhy
bull Japan mad-General Tojo orders attacks on American Military Fleet in Pearl Harbor
bull December 7 1941 declares war on Japan
bull December 11 rest of Axis powers declare war on US
bull Beginning of 1942-Axis powers at their height of control
EUROPEAN SUCCESS
Distrustful Allies
bull Stalin Churchill and FDR distrust each other ndash Stalin fearful Churchill
and FDR deliberately delaying the beginning of Western Front war to weaken Communism
ndash Roosevelt leery Churchill will want to expand British Imperial power
The Side Effects of Total War
bull Allies began Total War (meaning) ndash Men drafted to war ndash Propaganda
bull Posters news broadcasts everything showed the evils of Japanese and Germans Rosie the Riveter pics urged women into factories
ndash Effects ndash Women urged to do their part by
kicking off their dresses and working in factories building war materials
ndash Rationing of food and war materials ndash 1942 Japanese Americans lost their jobs
property and rights by being interned in camps because of fear they were loyal to Japan
bull Began attack in Northern Africa ndash Forced surrender of
Axis army in Northern Africa in May 1943
ndash Staging ground for invasion of Italy
bull Invaded Italy in July 1943
bull Defeated Mussolini by August 1943 ndash Mussolini overthrown
bull Germany weakened by having to fight Allies in Italy to save Mussolini
Northern Africa to Italy
Aug 1942 Battle of Stalingrad
bull 1942 Hitler still stalled outside Leningrad switch to oil rich Stalingrad in the South ndash Germans surrounded
city ndash Soviets from North
surrounded Germans ndash Fought street by street
house by house bull Early 1943 Germans
surrendered and were pushed out of USSR by Aug 1944
D-Day
bull 1944 US General Eisenhower prepared to open second European Front ndash Bombed German factories
cities and aircraft to weaken army
bull June 6 1944 Paratroopers dropped into France at dawn soldiers stormed the beaches of Normandy France others entered through Italy French resisted from inside Paris
bull All of France free by September 1944
Hitler‟s Last Stand
bull Battle of the Bulge Dec 1944- Battle in Ardennes Mts Of Belgium ndash Offensive by Germans to
split the Allied army in half ndash Initially successful but
Allies prevailed pushing into Germany bull April 1945 Americans meet
Soviets at Elbe River bull Mussolini assassinated Hitler
committed suicide and European conflict officially over on VE Day May 8 1945 (Victory in Europe)
WAR IN THE PACIFIC
Bataan Death March
bull May 1942 Japan takes
control of US Phillipines ndash Forced 75000 American
soldiers and Filipino
civilians on a 68 mile
march to remove the
enemy forces from areas
around their next area of
attack bull Starved beaten tortured
murdered
Island Hopping Campaign bull General McArthur
successful at The Battle of Midway in June 1942 ndash Began hopping from
Island to Island retaking Japanese controlled lands
bull British fighting in Burma and Malaya staged from which colony ndash McArthur had vowed to
return to help Philippines Oct 1944 kept promise
Gloom in the Pacific
bull 1945 war in Europe over
all resources into Pacific
but Japan still strong and ndash Japanese began Kamikaze
missions (which are)
ndash Japanese fought to the
death rather than surrender
at Iwo Jima and Okinawa
bull Success seemed far way
The Allies Choice
bull Planned an invasion of Japan but fearful of Allied casualties
bull July 1945 International group of scientists completed the Manhattan Project successfully testing an atomic bomb in what State
bull President Harry Truman (what happened to FDR) gives Emperor Hirohito an ultimatum surrender or face ldquoutter and complete destructionrdquo-Japan ignores
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
bull August 6 1945-Atomic bomb instantly kills 70000 Japanese citizens Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 8 1945-Soviets declare war and invade Manchuria Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 9 1945-US bomb Nagasaki- atomic bomb instantly kills 40000 Japanese
bull August 10th Hirohito forces Japanese military to surrender officially ending the war in September
Atomic Bomb Debate
bull Should the US have dropped the bombs
Why or Why not ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against the use
of atomic bombs to end WWII
ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against keeping
or destroying all atomic bombs now
Effects of the War
bull Mass Casualties ndash 75 million people total
bull 22 million in the Soviet Union alone (most)
bull Nuremberg Trials ndash Axis powers tried for
Crimes against humanity bull 142 Germans and
Austrians (many Nazi leaders) tried and sentenced to death for their associations with the Holocaust
bull Similar trials in Japan for what actions
ndash Served to show military could be held responsible for their actions exposed the horrors of fascists and dictators hoping to secure a place for democracy
Holocaust Facts
bull 6 million Jews 4 million more gypsies Slavic peoples homosexuals or physically handicapped systematically killed
bull Millions more enslaved in work camps used for medical experiments
bull Jews and others fought back ndash Destroyed gas
chambers ndash Hid Jewish people ndash Denmark and Bulgaria
managed to save almost their entire Jewish population
Denmark‟s Jews
bull Niels Bohr (Danish physicist contracted to work on The Manhattan Project in US) snuck out of Denmark to Neutral Sweden for safe passage to US when arrived in Sweden refused to leave to the US until they agreed to offer asylum to all the Danish Jews All Jews were quietly snuck out of Denmark with the help of the failing Danish government and ordinary citizens who had been hiding them during the German occupation
United Nations
bull April 1945 50 nations created the UN Charter in San Francisco
bull 5 permanent members of the Security Council US Britain France Soviet Union (now Russia) and China ndash Can veto the decisions of the others-all must agree in order
to take action often a weakness for the organization bull Dedicated to keeping World Peace through international
peace keeping missions ndash Work towards strengthening education preventing disease
poverty and hunger bull Relies upon local governments for coordination-often
leading to inefficiencies when the governments are the ones creating the problems
Extra Credit Assignment
bull Pretend you are President Harry Truman trying to convince the US Congress to allow the US the join the United Nations since they wanted to stay out of the League of Nations years previously Write a 12 sentence speech convincing Congress to join using what you have learned from WWII and create a propaganda poster to support your speech
bull Due the Day we return from Christmas Break-Will replace a quiz grade with a 100 if done well
Lenin‟s NEP New Economic Policy
bull Compromise between Communism and Capitalism ndash Government controls
banks trade and large industries small businesses left for personal profit
ndash Economy recovered from WWI
Joseph Stalin gains Control
bull 1924-Lenin Dies bull Stalin (born Joseph
Djugashvili-took name Stalin (man of steel when he joined the Bolshevik revolution) ~vid 127 part 2
bull Lenin warned he was too ambitious to be in control
bull Stalin placed his supporters in top positions thus ensuring his vote as head of the party
bull Had is rival Trotsky assassinated in Mexico in 1929
Stalin‟s Five-Year Plans
bull Goal Make USSR a modern industrial power ndash Build Heavy Industry
Improve Transportation Increase Farm Output
ndash 1929 Totalitarian State One party Dictatorship controlling every aspect of life bull Terror censorship and
secret police bull Propaganda boosted
successes hid failures called for extreme nationalism-loyalty to state above family
Industrial Growth
bull Command Economy ndash Pure Communist Economy ndash Government made ALL basic economic
decisions bull Owned all businesses and allocated all
resources to the people ndash Bonuses for those who reached
production goals ndash Punishments for those who didnrsquot ndash Mixed Effects
bull Large industrial improvements in heavy industry but shortages in other areas
bull Successful individuals improved their livelihood others wages low and problems getting consumer good
ndash Clothing cars refrigerators
Agriculture bull Formed Collectives-
large communal farms owned and operated by peasants (no private property except home and belongings) ndash Turned over animals
and farm equipment to the collective
ndash Peasants Rebel kill animals destroyed tools burned crops bull Stalin ordered army to
respond with machine guns killing crowds of people peasantsrsquo lands confiscated and sent to forced labor camps
bull Famine killed 5-8 million people in certain areas
The Great Purge
bull ldquoShow Trialsrdquo ndash Public tortures of party
activists war heroes mangers writers citizens forcing them to confess to crimes of counter revolution or not meeting production goals
bull Effects ndash Stalinrsquos power increased
(why) ndash Vulnerable military because
leaders killed ndash 4 million people killed by
purges another 16 million ldquodisappearedrdquo or killed during other uprisings
THE COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE WARS
2 THE UNITED STATES
Globalization of the Economy
Begins
bull Economies turn from local production and consumption to a global market ndash Cheap raw materials from Latin
America Asia and Africa pour into Western Nations lowering production costs
ndash Farmers miners and others in this sector of the economy in Europe and United States see demand for their products and their economic stability slump
bull Unions fought and won higher wages for factory workers = higher price of products ndash Farmers Miners etc could no
longer afford industrial products ndash Factory production begins to
slump bull People ignore the signs
Roaring 20s of the US
bull Europersquos industry destroyed post world war
bull US steps in as leading world economic power ndash Name some new
inventions of the early 20th century
ndash Mass consumerism begins because they wanted them all
ndash Gimme that Plastic- Buying on Credit begins-Canrsquot pay right now No problem-buy now pay later
bull People believed there would be never ending prosperity in the United States ldquoThe USrsquos business is businessrdquo President Coolidge said
Women find new Freedom
bull Showed they were strong and independent during War Time Economy ndash Gained right to vote in US
in 1920 bull New inventions freed up
time ndash Vacuums for Floors ndash Dishwashers for plates
bull Now what will these housewives do ndash Flappers Women pushed
up their hemlines chopped off their hair began going out at night without their fathers or older brothers and more women got college educations
Chief Check 59 1 What was the Kellog-Briand Pact 2 Why did the US not join the League of Nations
(we discussed this last unit it is not in your notes- use the political cartoon to the right)
3 How did Stalinrsquos economic plan differ from that of Leninrsquos
4 How did the peasantrsquos react to Stalinrsquos agricultural plan
5 What are the ldquoShow Trialsrdquo of Stalin 6 What caused the demand for raw materials in the
US to go down thus causing less people to buy industrial products because they couldnrsquot afford them leading industrial production to decrease as well
A Great Purge B Black Tuesday C Collectives D Totalitarianism E Globalization
7 How did new inventions give women more freedom
8 What is a flapper
bull All people wanted a piece of the booming 20rsquos Stock Market
bull Speculation ndash Buying stocks believing
they would go up and up ndash Like their refrigerators
people bought these stocks by ldquomargin buyingrdquo- paid for part and rich stock brokers paid for the rest with interest bull Uncertainty in the market
in autumn of 1929 lead Brokers to ask these investors to pay NOW
bull Only way to pay at this time was to sell their stocks bringing the market further down
bull PANIC set in More and more people continued to sell to salvage what they could
The Crash of bdquo29
Great Depression Begins
bull Video
bull Government Reaction ndash President Hoover stuck
to firm capitalist viewhelliphow should the government intervene in this slumping economy Did this help
ndash Franklin D Roosevelt elected in 1932 stated government MUST TAKE ACTION bull Creates his New Deal of
the 3 Rrsquos Relief Recovery and Reform
What do you call this
FDR‟s New Deal bull Relief
ndash Subsidies to farmers suffering from The Dust Bowl and sinking production
ndash Unemployment Benefits
bull Recovery ndash Public Works Programs
Funded government paid jobs to build roads museums parks bridges schools
bull Reform ndash Deposits at Banks
ensured by government ndash Social Security benefits
for retirement and disability
Houses were shut tight and cloth wedged around doors and windows but the dust came in so thinly that it could not be seen in the air and it settled like pollen on the chairs and tables on the dishes ~ Grapes of Wrath
Global Economic Crisis bull How were European economies after WWI
ndash American Banks crashing during 1930rsquos and stopped loaning to foreign governments
ndash US government demanded the Europeans repay their war debthellipbut unable
bull US tried to compensate by raising tariffs (which are) ndash Backfired-others raised their tariffs to
compensatehellipshutting each other out of the global market
THE COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE WARS
3 CHINA AND JAPAN
After the Open Door Policy
bull How was Chinarsquos Republic after it was open to trade
bull 1912 Became a military state-warlords took advantage of local communities fighting and famine throughout China
bull What did Japan get from the Treaty of Versailles (reason they entered) ndash Japan seeks greater power to
make China a protectorate (internally free internationally a territory of another country)
Japan After the War
bull Control by Emperor Hirohito 1926 ndash Became the China of
the 19th Century (all goods made in Japan using cheap labor)
ndash Nationalism rose over the ldquoYellow Perilrdquo (which is)
ndash Military domination in the government by 1937 bull Children were taught
ldquoThe Way of the Subjectsrdquo or how they were to give total obedience to the government and emperor
Japan Invades China
bull Manchurian Incident ndash Blew up their own
Japanese railroad line in Manchuria China-blamed Chinese
ndash 1931 Japan invaded Manchuria bull Leaders of China ignore
and continue fighting each other
bull 1937 Japan Bombs major cities such as Beijing
bull Rape of Nanjing ndash Japanese enter city killing
hundreds of thousands brutalizing thousands more (video)
THE COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE WARS 4 ITALY
Effects of WWI on Italy
bull Disappointed Why ndash Nationalism soared
bull Veterans and peasants in
economic ruin
bull Constant uprising and
need for strong control
Fascism bull Lead to the creation of
the Fascist Party by Benito Mussolini ndash Based on fasces
(sticks wrapped around an axe) the Roman symbol of authority
ndash Goal to create a non communist authoritarian government bull Glorifying action
violence discipline and absolute blind obedience to the state
bull Antidemocratic rejecting reason and equality
bull Echoed Expansion under idea of Social Darwinism (which is)
Mussolini‟s Italy
bull Given the Prime Minister position by King to avoid conflict
bull 1925 Seized more power called Il Duce (eel doochay) ndash Censorship ndash Secret Police ndash Corrupt elections given Fascist
leaders control bull Fascist party members
(individually) controlled business not the government
bull Men called to ruthless military duty
bull Women called to motherhood bull Strict military style education
glorifying Rome and Italy
THE COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE WARS 5 GERMANY
Review Effects of the Treaty of Versailles
bull In 1919 created a democratic Weimar Republic
bull Who was blamed for WWI bull What did they have to pay
ndash Reparations killing economy bull What important economic areas did
they lose ndash Coal rich industrial towns no longer in
their control bull Answer to economic problem Print
More Money Why is this a problem ndash Principle of Supply and Demand-Supply
high value lessons ndash Leads to massive inflation
bull Look for scapegoats-some blamed the Jewish people (why)
Dawes Plan bull World Rallied to
help Weimer Republic ndash France
withdrew from Coal rich Ruhr Valley
ndash US France and Britain lower reparations payments
bull Recovered but then killed again by Great Depression
Rise of Adolf Hitler
bull 1920 National Socialist German Workers party created (Nazirsquos-not socialists at all) ndash NOT SOCIALIST-
FACIST (what is this)
bull Urged Germans all over the world to unite and expand
bull Demanded Germany needed a strong leader or Fuhrer
Mein Kampf bull Published Mein Kampf
ldquoMy Strugglerdquo 1925 ndash Outlines Nazi ideology
and goals bull Extreme Nationalism bull Superiority of the Germans
Throw off the chains of the Treaty of Versailles and create a world dominated by the superior German Aryan Race
bull Anti-Semitism (what is it) ndashBelief Jews were conspiring to overthrow the government states that the gassing of thousands of Jews would mean that the sacrifice of millions of soldiers will not be in vain
Hitler‟s Democratic Take-over bull What 2 main circumstances in Germany played into Hitlerrsquos rise
bull Promised to end reparations create jobs and arm Germany for the
future
bull Nazis gained more and more legislative seats
bull By the democratic process Hitler elected Chancellor (leader) in 1933
bull Took 1 year to suspend civil rights and disbanded all opposing
political parties executing any party members he believed were
disloyal (speech)
Hitler‟s Third Reich
bull Why the Third Reich bull Totalitarianism
ndash Power by what means bull Economic
ndash Public Works programs (which are) bull Highways trains housing bull Rebuilt industry through arms
development bull Employment soaredhellipthe people
cheered
bull Social Policy ndash Hitler Youth indoctrinated with
racism and absolute loyalty ndash Censorship toward pure German
Society (burned books propaganda) ndash Pure Aryan women rewarded for
having babies turned away from universities and upper level positions
Cultural Purge
bull Churches Close ndash Hitler Christianity
ldquoweakrdquo ndash All Protestant
faiths combined into a state church indoctrinating Aryan superiority
ndash Some Catholic churches closed if spoke out against Nazi regime
Nuremberg Laws 1935
bull Laws stated Jewish people could NOT
bull Marry non Jews
bull Attend or teach in German
schools
bull Hold Government positions
bull Practice Law or Medicine
bull Publish Books
bull Urged the unprovoked
beatings of Jewish people in public ndash Effect many German Jews like Albert Einstein fled
Night of the Broken Glass ldquoKristallnachtrdquo
bull November 7 1938 a young Jew who had watched his parents be mistreated in Germany shot a German diplomat in Paris ndash From article Specifically
why was Grynszpan mad ndash Goebbels and Hitler want
who to rise up and attack the Jewish people Did this happen Who did
bull Hitler reacted by attacking Jewish communities (called) ndash Destroyed buildings burned
synagogues and dragged Jewish people into the street for public beatings
World Reaction
bull World swiftly and negatively reacted to The Night of the Broken Glass
bull Hitlerrsquos response ndash Make the Jewish people
pay for the damage ndash Increase his campaign by
forcing them into concentration camps (what are these)
ndash Began plotting his ldquofinal solutionrdquo (which was)
ldquoWork makes one Freerdquo
bull ldquoThe Nazis came first for the Communists But I wasnrsquot Communist so I didnrsquot speak up Then they came for the Jews but I wasnrsquot a Jew so I didnrsquot speak uphellipThen they came for the unionists but I was a Protestant so I didnrsquot speak up Then they came for me By that time there was no one left to speak uprdquo ndash Lutheran Minister Martin Niemoller
bull What lesson can be learned from this
Critical Thinking
bull Find 6 similarities between the Totalitarian
States of the USSR Italy and Germany
APPEASING THE ENEMY
Policy of Appeasement 1936 bull Appeasement Giving
into the demands of aggressors in order to keep peace ndash West did everything from
weak sanctions to ignoring aggressive behavior to avoid War bull Italy invaded Ethiopia
1935 ndash League of Nations (whorsquos
involved) passed economic sanctions but couldnrsquot enforce them
bull 1936 Germans invaded the Rhineland (demilitarized no manrsquos land protecting France from Germany)
ndash France and Britain turn a blinds eye
ndash WHY
1935 US Passes Neutrality Acts
bull Neutrality Acts ndash US will not do the
following with
countries at war bull Sell arms
bull Loan money
bull Have Americans
travel on their ships
(why)
1936 The Axis of ldquoEvilrdquo
bull Germany Italy and
Japan form an
alliance to ldquoend
communismrdquo ndash Really an
agreement to NOT
stop each other
from expanding
1936 Spain falls to Fascist Franco with Nazi Germany‟s help
bull Germany bombs Guernica Spain as a dress rehearsal for their new war planes- 1600 innocent civilians were killed
A neutral Europe
bull On your map choose a color for countries that remained as neutral as humanly possible in this case Color and label the following (Good practice for the Map Quiz tomorrow) ndash Switzerland ndash Sweden ndash Republic of Ireland ndash Portugal ndash Spain
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Germany
ndash Italy
ndash Northern Africa
German Expansion
bull What were Hitlerrsquos goals ndash Unite Germans
everywhere ndash Create more living
space bull 1st Move 1938 Annex
Austria his birthplace (easily fell Europe did nothing)
bull 2nd Move 1938 Demand the annexation of the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia which was home to mostly Germans
ndash Munich Conference-Germany ldquopromisedrdquo to not invade any more land so Britain and France persuaded Czechs to surrender the territory
bull Soon to be Prime Minister of Great Britain (1940) Winston Churchill said of the decision ndash ldquoThey had to
chose between war or dishonor They chose dishonor they will have warrdquo
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Austria
ndash Czechoslovakia (Find Czech Republic and
Slovakia) Color them both in
Assignment bull Create your own political cartoon that
expresses the effects of Appeasement and Neutrality upon Europe ndash Create a Catchy Title and Write it on the Top
line in Marker ndash Draw the Picture in the box and COLOR and or
use BLACK MARKER to outline any pencil markshellipyou will not be graded on your drawing ability but you will be graded on your creativity use of historical information neatness overall effort and your ability to stay on task
ndash Sign the bottom
Nazi-Soviet Pact 1939
bull August nonaggression pact between Germany and Soviet Union signed ndash Would not fight if the
other went to war ndash Divide Poland and
Eastern Europe between them bull Soviets reason Gain
territory and time to build arms
bull Germany free to take Poland avoid a two front war (why)
The Poland Promise
bull Hitler didnrsquot stop at the Sudetenland and took more and more of Czechoslovakia
bull Britain and France accepted the failure of appeasement and promised to protect Poland Germany obvious next move ndash September 1939 Nazirsquos invade
Poland and Britain and France honor their agreement declaring war on Germany
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries that are Axis Controlled Color and label the following ndash Poland ndash Yugoslavia (Find Serbia color it all in) ndash Romania ndash Hungary ndash Bulgaria ndash Greece ndash Albania
THE BEGINNINGS OF WWII EARLY AXIS ACHIEVEMENTS
Nazi Blitzkrieg
bull Blitzkrieg ldquoLightning Warrdquo ndash German strategy to
do a series of quick constant attacks to keep the enemy from easily responding bull Easily took Norway
Denmark Netherlands Belgium sites set on France
The Fall of France
bull British troops were evacuated bull German Attacked from the
North bull Italy from the South bull Outnumbered and
demoralized France Falls ndash June 1940 forced to
surrender in the same place Germany was forced to sign the Treaty of Versailles
ndash French officers including Charles de Gaulle escaped to Britain to plan liberation
ndash French continued guerrilla warfare against the Axis powers
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Denmark
ndash Norway
ndash Netherlands
ndash Belgium
ndash France
Operation Sea Lion
bull Battle of Britain-Failure of the Blitz ndash Winston Churchill ldquoWe
shall never surrenderrdquo ndash August 1940 first bombs
by German plains bull 57 Day campaign of
bombing London bull People defiantly
continued their lives 15000 people lost their lives Parliament still met King and Queen went to bomb shelters with citizens
ndash May 1941 Hitler calls it a failure and calls a new strategy
Operation Barbarossa History Repeats itself
bull June 1941 Turned sites on Soviet Union ndash Caught Stalin off guard
leading to the death of 2 frac12 million soldiers in 6 months (Why) bull Nazi-Soviet Pact bull Many top officers assassinated
during Stalinrsquos purge ndash Soviets turned to burning
crops and animals destroying cities to avoid Germans taking them bull Called bull Scorched Earth Policy bull So also like Napoleon what
happens when winter comes
Siege of Leningrad lasts 2 frac12 years bull Millions die of hunger Britain reemerges to help
Soviets with creating a 2 Front War on Germany
US‟s 1941 1 Sided Neutrality
bull Lend-Lease Act FDR can lend war materials to any country whose defense the president thinks is vital to keeping the US safe ndash ldquoArsenal of democracyrdquo lend arms to those fighting for freedom ndash Meaning who in this war
bull Atlantic Charter secret meeting between Churchill and FDR- destroy Nazis people right to chose how they are governed
ldquoA Date which will remain in infamyrdquo
bull Japan is creating a growing Pacific Empire
bull Under Atlantic Charter US stops providing war materials to JapanhellipWhy
bull Japan mad-General Tojo orders attacks on American Military Fleet in Pearl Harbor
bull December 7 1941 declares war on Japan
bull December 11 rest of Axis powers declare war on US
bull Beginning of 1942-Axis powers at their height of control
EUROPEAN SUCCESS
Distrustful Allies
bull Stalin Churchill and FDR distrust each other ndash Stalin fearful Churchill
and FDR deliberately delaying the beginning of Western Front war to weaken Communism
ndash Roosevelt leery Churchill will want to expand British Imperial power
The Side Effects of Total War
bull Allies began Total War (meaning) ndash Men drafted to war ndash Propaganda
bull Posters news broadcasts everything showed the evils of Japanese and Germans Rosie the Riveter pics urged women into factories
ndash Effects ndash Women urged to do their part by
kicking off their dresses and working in factories building war materials
ndash Rationing of food and war materials ndash 1942 Japanese Americans lost their jobs
property and rights by being interned in camps because of fear they were loyal to Japan
bull Began attack in Northern Africa ndash Forced surrender of
Axis army in Northern Africa in May 1943
ndash Staging ground for invasion of Italy
bull Invaded Italy in July 1943
bull Defeated Mussolini by August 1943 ndash Mussolini overthrown
bull Germany weakened by having to fight Allies in Italy to save Mussolini
Northern Africa to Italy
Aug 1942 Battle of Stalingrad
bull 1942 Hitler still stalled outside Leningrad switch to oil rich Stalingrad in the South ndash Germans surrounded
city ndash Soviets from North
surrounded Germans ndash Fought street by street
house by house bull Early 1943 Germans
surrendered and were pushed out of USSR by Aug 1944
D-Day
bull 1944 US General Eisenhower prepared to open second European Front ndash Bombed German factories
cities and aircraft to weaken army
bull June 6 1944 Paratroopers dropped into France at dawn soldiers stormed the beaches of Normandy France others entered through Italy French resisted from inside Paris
bull All of France free by September 1944
Hitler‟s Last Stand
bull Battle of the Bulge Dec 1944- Battle in Ardennes Mts Of Belgium ndash Offensive by Germans to
split the Allied army in half ndash Initially successful but
Allies prevailed pushing into Germany bull April 1945 Americans meet
Soviets at Elbe River bull Mussolini assassinated Hitler
committed suicide and European conflict officially over on VE Day May 8 1945 (Victory in Europe)
WAR IN THE PACIFIC
Bataan Death March
bull May 1942 Japan takes
control of US Phillipines ndash Forced 75000 American
soldiers and Filipino
civilians on a 68 mile
march to remove the
enemy forces from areas
around their next area of
attack bull Starved beaten tortured
murdered
Island Hopping Campaign bull General McArthur
successful at The Battle of Midway in June 1942 ndash Began hopping from
Island to Island retaking Japanese controlled lands
bull British fighting in Burma and Malaya staged from which colony ndash McArthur had vowed to
return to help Philippines Oct 1944 kept promise
Gloom in the Pacific
bull 1945 war in Europe over
all resources into Pacific
but Japan still strong and ndash Japanese began Kamikaze
missions (which are)
ndash Japanese fought to the
death rather than surrender
at Iwo Jima and Okinawa
bull Success seemed far way
The Allies Choice
bull Planned an invasion of Japan but fearful of Allied casualties
bull July 1945 International group of scientists completed the Manhattan Project successfully testing an atomic bomb in what State
bull President Harry Truman (what happened to FDR) gives Emperor Hirohito an ultimatum surrender or face ldquoutter and complete destructionrdquo-Japan ignores
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
bull August 6 1945-Atomic bomb instantly kills 70000 Japanese citizens Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 8 1945-Soviets declare war and invade Manchuria Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 9 1945-US bomb Nagasaki- atomic bomb instantly kills 40000 Japanese
bull August 10th Hirohito forces Japanese military to surrender officially ending the war in September
Atomic Bomb Debate
bull Should the US have dropped the bombs
Why or Why not ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against the use
of atomic bombs to end WWII
ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against keeping
or destroying all atomic bombs now
Effects of the War
bull Mass Casualties ndash 75 million people total
bull 22 million in the Soviet Union alone (most)
bull Nuremberg Trials ndash Axis powers tried for
Crimes against humanity bull 142 Germans and
Austrians (many Nazi leaders) tried and sentenced to death for their associations with the Holocaust
bull Similar trials in Japan for what actions
ndash Served to show military could be held responsible for their actions exposed the horrors of fascists and dictators hoping to secure a place for democracy
Holocaust Facts
bull 6 million Jews 4 million more gypsies Slavic peoples homosexuals or physically handicapped systematically killed
bull Millions more enslaved in work camps used for medical experiments
bull Jews and others fought back ndash Destroyed gas
chambers ndash Hid Jewish people ndash Denmark and Bulgaria
managed to save almost their entire Jewish population
Denmark‟s Jews
bull Niels Bohr (Danish physicist contracted to work on The Manhattan Project in US) snuck out of Denmark to Neutral Sweden for safe passage to US when arrived in Sweden refused to leave to the US until they agreed to offer asylum to all the Danish Jews All Jews were quietly snuck out of Denmark with the help of the failing Danish government and ordinary citizens who had been hiding them during the German occupation
United Nations
bull April 1945 50 nations created the UN Charter in San Francisco
bull 5 permanent members of the Security Council US Britain France Soviet Union (now Russia) and China ndash Can veto the decisions of the others-all must agree in order
to take action often a weakness for the organization bull Dedicated to keeping World Peace through international
peace keeping missions ndash Work towards strengthening education preventing disease
poverty and hunger bull Relies upon local governments for coordination-often
leading to inefficiencies when the governments are the ones creating the problems
Extra Credit Assignment
bull Pretend you are President Harry Truman trying to convince the US Congress to allow the US the join the United Nations since they wanted to stay out of the League of Nations years previously Write a 12 sentence speech convincing Congress to join using what you have learned from WWII and create a propaganda poster to support your speech
bull Due the Day we return from Christmas Break-Will replace a quiz grade with a 100 if done well
Joseph Stalin gains Control
bull 1924-Lenin Dies bull Stalin (born Joseph
Djugashvili-took name Stalin (man of steel when he joined the Bolshevik revolution) ~vid 127 part 2
bull Lenin warned he was too ambitious to be in control
bull Stalin placed his supporters in top positions thus ensuring his vote as head of the party
bull Had is rival Trotsky assassinated in Mexico in 1929
Stalin‟s Five-Year Plans
bull Goal Make USSR a modern industrial power ndash Build Heavy Industry
Improve Transportation Increase Farm Output
ndash 1929 Totalitarian State One party Dictatorship controlling every aspect of life bull Terror censorship and
secret police bull Propaganda boosted
successes hid failures called for extreme nationalism-loyalty to state above family
Industrial Growth
bull Command Economy ndash Pure Communist Economy ndash Government made ALL basic economic
decisions bull Owned all businesses and allocated all
resources to the people ndash Bonuses for those who reached
production goals ndash Punishments for those who didnrsquot ndash Mixed Effects
bull Large industrial improvements in heavy industry but shortages in other areas
bull Successful individuals improved their livelihood others wages low and problems getting consumer good
ndash Clothing cars refrigerators
Agriculture bull Formed Collectives-
large communal farms owned and operated by peasants (no private property except home and belongings) ndash Turned over animals
and farm equipment to the collective
ndash Peasants Rebel kill animals destroyed tools burned crops bull Stalin ordered army to
respond with machine guns killing crowds of people peasantsrsquo lands confiscated and sent to forced labor camps
bull Famine killed 5-8 million people in certain areas
The Great Purge
bull ldquoShow Trialsrdquo ndash Public tortures of party
activists war heroes mangers writers citizens forcing them to confess to crimes of counter revolution or not meeting production goals
bull Effects ndash Stalinrsquos power increased
(why) ndash Vulnerable military because
leaders killed ndash 4 million people killed by
purges another 16 million ldquodisappearedrdquo or killed during other uprisings
THE COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE WARS
2 THE UNITED STATES
Globalization of the Economy
Begins
bull Economies turn from local production and consumption to a global market ndash Cheap raw materials from Latin
America Asia and Africa pour into Western Nations lowering production costs
ndash Farmers miners and others in this sector of the economy in Europe and United States see demand for their products and their economic stability slump
bull Unions fought and won higher wages for factory workers = higher price of products ndash Farmers Miners etc could no
longer afford industrial products ndash Factory production begins to
slump bull People ignore the signs
Roaring 20s of the US
bull Europersquos industry destroyed post world war
bull US steps in as leading world economic power ndash Name some new
inventions of the early 20th century
ndash Mass consumerism begins because they wanted them all
ndash Gimme that Plastic- Buying on Credit begins-Canrsquot pay right now No problem-buy now pay later
bull People believed there would be never ending prosperity in the United States ldquoThe USrsquos business is businessrdquo President Coolidge said
Women find new Freedom
bull Showed they were strong and independent during War Time Economy ndash Gained right to vote in US
in 1920 bull New inventions freed up
time ndash Vacuums for Floors ndash Dishwashers for plates
bull Now what will these housewives do ndash Flappers Women pushed
up their hemlines chopped off their hair began going out at night without their fathers or older brothers and more women got college educations
Chief Check 59 1 What was the Kellog-Briand Pact 2 Why did the US not join the League of Nations
(we discussed this last unit it is not in your notes- use the political cartoon to the right)
3 How did Stalinrsquos economic plan differ from that of Leninrsquos
4 How did the peasantrsquos react to Stalinrsquos agricultural plan
5 What are the ldquoShow Trialsrdquo of Stalin 6 What caused the demand for raw materials in the
US to go down thus causing less people to buy industrial products because they couldnrsquot afford them leading industrial production to decrease as well
A Great Purge B Black Tuesday C Collectives D Totalitarianism E Globalization
7 How did new inventions give women more freedom
8 What is a flapper
bull All people wanted a piece of the booming 20rsquos Stock Market
bull Speculation ndash Buying stocks believing
they would go up and up ndash Like their refrigerators
people bought these stocks by ldquomargin buyingrdquo- paid for part and rich stock brokers paid for the rest with interest bull Uncertainty in the market
in autumn of 1929 lead Brokers to ask these investors to pay NOW
bull Only way to pay at this time was to sell their stocks bringing the market further down
bull PANIC set in More and more people continued to sell to salvage what they could
The Crash of bdquo29
Great Depression Begins
bull Video
bull Government Reaction ndash President Hoover stuck
to firm capitalist viewhelliphow should the government intervene in this slumping economy Did this help
ndash Franklin D Roosevelt elected in 1932 stated government MUST TAKE ACTION bull Creates his New Deal of
the 3 Rrsquos Relief Recovery and Reform
What do you call this
FDR‟s New Deal bull Relief
ndash Subsidies to farmers suffering from The Dust Bowl and sinking production
ndash Unemployment Benefits
bull Recovery ndash Public Works Programs
Funded government paid jobs to build roads museums parks bridges schools
bull Reform ndash Deposits at Banks
ensured by government ndash Social Security benefits
for retirement and disability
Houses were shut tight and cloth wedged around doors and windows but the dust came in so thinly that it could not be seen in the air and it settled like pollen on the chairs and tables on the dishes ~ Grapes of Wrath
Global Economic Crisis bull How were European economies after WWI
ndash American Banks crashing during 1930rsquos and stopped loaning to foreign governments
ndash US government demanded the Europeans repay their war debthellipbut unable
bull US tried to compensate by raising tariffs (which are) ndash Backfired-others raised their tariffs to
compensatehellipshutting each other out of the global market
THE COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE WARS
3 CHINA AND JAPAN
After the Open Door Policy
bull How was Chinarsquos Republic after it was open to trade
bull 1912 Became a military state-warlords took advantage of local communities fighting and famine throughout China
bull What did Japan get from the Treaty of Versailles (reason they entered) ndash Japan seeks greater power to
make China a protectorate (internally free internationally a territory of another country)
Japan After the War
bull Control by Emperor Hirohito 1926 ndash Became the China of
the 19th Century (all goods made in Japan using cheap labor)
ndash Nationalism rose over the ldquoYellow Perilrdquo (which is)
ndash Military domination in the government by 1937 bull Children were taught
ldquoThe Way of the Subjectsrdquo or how they were to give total obedience to the government and emperor
Japan Invades China
bull Manchurian Incident ndash Blew up their own
Japanese railroad line in Manchuria China-blamed Chinese
ndash 1931 Japan invaded Manchuria bull Leaders of China ignore
and continue fighting each other
bull 1937 Japan Bombs major cities such as Beijing
bull Rape of Nanjing ndash Japanese enter city killing
hundreds of thousands brutalizing thousands more (video)
THE COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE WARS 4 ITALY
Effects of WWI on Italy
bull Disappointed Why ndash Nationalism soared
bull Veterans and peasants in
economic ruin
bull Constant uprising and
need for strong control
Fascism bull Lead to the creation of
the Fascist Party by Benito Mussolini ndash Based on fasces
(sticks wrapped around an axe) the Roman symbol of authority
ndash Goal to create a non communist authoritarian government bull Glorifying action
violence discipline and absolute blind obedience to the state
bull Antidemocratic rejecting reason and equality
bull Echoed Expansion under idea of Social Darwinism (which is)
Mussolini‟s Italy
bull Given the Prime Minister position by King to avoid conflict
bull 1925 Seized more power called Il Duce (eel doochay) ndash Censorship ndash Secret Police ndash Corrupt elections given Fascist
leaders control bull Fascist party members
(individually) controlled business not the government
bull Men called to ruthless military duty
bull Women called to motherhood bull Strict military style education
glorifying Rome and Italy
THE COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE WARS 5 GERMANY
Review Effects of the Treaty of Versailles
bull In 1919 created a democratic Weimar Republic
bull Who was blamed for WWI bull What did they have to pay
ndash Reparations killing economy bull What important economic areas did
they lose ndash Coal rich industrial towns no longer in
their control bull Answer to economic problem Print
More Money Why is this a problem ndash Principle of Supply and Demand-Supply
high value lessons ndash Leads to massive inflation
bull Look for scapegoats-some blamed the Jewish people (why)
Dawes Plan bull World Rallied to
help Weimer Republic ndash France
withdrew from Coal rich Ruhr Valley
ndash US France and Britain lower reparations payments
bull Recovered but then killed again by Great Depression
Rise of Adolf Hitler
bull 1920 National Socialist German Workers party created (Nazirsquos-not socialists at all) ndash NOT SOCIALIST-
FACIST (what is this)
bull Urged Germans all over the world to unite and expand
bull Demanded Germany needed a strong leader or Fuhrer
Mein Kampf bull Published Mein Kampf
ldquoMy Strugglerdquo 1925 ndash Outlines Nazi ideology
and goals bull Extreme Nationalism bull Superiority of the Germans
Throw off the chains of the Treaty of Versailles and create a world dominated by the superior German Aryan Race
bull Anti-Semitism (what is it) ndashBelief Jews were conspiring to overthrow the government states that the gassing of thousands of Jews would mean that the sacrifice of millions of soldiers will not be in vain
Hitler‟s Democratic Take-over bull What 2 main circumstances in Germany played into Hitlerrsquos rise
bull Promised to end reparations create jobs and arm Germany for the
future
bull Nazis gained more and more legislative seats
bull By the democratic process Hitler elected Chancellor (leader) in 1933
bull Took 1 year to suspend civil rights and disbanded all opposing
political parties executing any party members he believed were
disloyal (speech)
Hitler‟s Third Reich
bull Why the Third Reich bull Totalitarianism
ndash Power by what means bull Economic
ndash Public Works programs (which are) bull Highways trains housing bull Rebuilt industry through arms
development bull Employment soaredhellipthe people
cheered
bull Social Policy ndash Hitler Youth indoctrinated with
racism and absolute loyalty ndash Censorship toward pure German
Society (burned books propaganda) ndash Pure Aryan women rewarded for
having babies turned away from universities and upper level positions
Cultural Purge
bull Churches Close ndash Hitler Christianity
ldquoweakrdquo ndash All Protestant
faiths combined into a state church indoctrinating Aryan superiority
ndash Some Catholic churches closed if spoke out against Nazi regime
Nuremberg Laws 1935
bull Laws stated Jewish people could NOT
bull Marry non Jews
bull Attend or teach in German
schools
bull Hold Government positions
bull Practice Law or Medicine
bull Publish Books
bull Urged the unprovoked
beatings of Jewish people in public ndash Effect many German Jews like Albert Einstein fled
Night of the Broken Glass ldquoKristallnachtrdquo
bull November 7 1938 a young Jew who had watched his parents be mistreated in Germany shot a German diplomat in Paris ndash From article Specifically
why was Grynszpan mad ndash Goebbels and Hitler want
who to rise up and attack the Jewish people Did this happen Who did
bull Hitler reacted by attacking Jewish communities (called) ndash Destroyed buildings burned
synagogues and dragged Jewish people into the street for public beatings
World Reaction
bull World swiftly and negatively reacted to The Night of the Broken Glass
bull Hitlerrsquos response ndash Make the Jewish people
pay for the damage ndash Increase his campaign by
forcing them into concentration camps (what are these)
ndash Began plotting his ldquofinal solutionrdquo (which was)
ldquoWork makes one Freerdquo
bull ldquoThe Nazis came first for the Communists But I wasnrsquot Communist so I didnrsquot speak up Then they came for the Jews but I wasnrsquot a Jew so I didnrsquot speak uphellipThen they came for the unionists but I was a Protestant so I didnrsquot speak up Then they came for me By that time there was no one left to speak uprdquo ndash Lutheran Minister Martin Niemoller
bull What lesson can be learned from this
Critical Thinking
bull Find 6 similarities between the Totalitarian
States of the USSR Italy and Germany
APPEASING THE ENEMY
Policy of Appeasement 1936 bull Appeasement Giving
into the demands of aggressors in order to keep peace ndash West did everything from
weak sanctions to ignoring aggressive behavior to avoid War bull Italy invaded Ethiopia
1935 ndash League of Nations (whorsquos
involved) passed economic sanctions but couldnrsquot enforce them
bull 1936 Germans invaded the Rhineland (demilitarized no manrsquos land protecting France from Germany)
ndash France and Britain turn a blinds eye
ndash WHY
1935 US Passes Neutrality Acts
bull Neutrality Acts ndash US will not do the
following with
countries at war bull Sell arms
bull Loan money
bull Have Americans
travel on their ships
(why)
1936 The Axis of ldquoEvilrdquo
bull Germany Italy and
Japan form an
alliance to ldquoend
communismrdquo ndash Really an
agreement to NOT
stop each other
from expanding
1936 Spain falls to Fascist Franco with Nazi Germany‟s help
bull Germany bombs Guernica Spain as a dress rehearsal for their new war planes- 1600 innocent civilians were killed
A neutral Europe
bull On your map choose a color for countries that remained as neutral as humanly possible in this case Color and label the following (Good practice for the Map Quiz tomorrow) ndash Switzerland ndash Sweden ndash Republic of Ireland ndash Portugal ndash Spain
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Germany
ndash Italy
ndash Northern Africa
German Expansion
bull What were Hitlerrsquos goals ndash Unite Germans
everywhere ndash Create more living
space bull 1st Move 1938 Annex
Austria his birthplace (easily fell Europe did nothing)
bull 2nd Move 1938 Demand the annexation of the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia which was home to mostly Germans
ndash Munich Conference-Germany ldquopromisedrdquo to not invade any more land so Britain and France persuaded Czechs to surrender the territory
bull Soon to be Prime Minister of Great Britain (1940) Winston Churchill said of the decision ndash ldquoThey had to
chose between war or dishonor They chose dishonor they will have warrdquo
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Austria
ndash Czechoslovakia (Find Czech Republic and
Slovakia) Color them both in
Assignment bull Create your own political cartoon that
expresses the effects of Appeasement and Neutrality upon Europe ndash Create a Catchy Title and Write it on the Top
line in Marker ndash Draw the Picture in the box and COLOR and or
use BLACK MARKER to outline any pencil markshellipyou will not be graded on your drawing ability but you will be graded on your creativity use of historical information neatness overall effort and your ability to stay on task
ndash Sign the bottom
Nazi-Soviet Pact 1939
bull August nonaggression pact between Germany and Soviet Union signed ndash Would not fight if the
other went to war ndash Divide Poland and
Eastern Europe between them bull Soviets reason Gain
territory and time to build arms
bull Germany free to take Poland avoid a two front war (why)
The Poland Promise
bull Hitler didnrsquot stop at the Sudetenland and took more and more of Czechoslovakia
bull Britain and France accepted the failure of appeasement and promised to protect Poland Germany obvious next move ndash September 1939 Nazirsquos invade
Poland and Britain and France honor their agreement declaring war on Germany
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries that are Axis Controlled Color and label the following ndash Poland ndash Yugoslavia (Find Serbia color it all in) ndash Romania ndash Hungary ndash Bulgaria ndash Greece ndash Albania
THE BEGINNINGS OF WWII EARLY AXIS ACHIEVEMENTS
Nazi Blitzkrieg
bull Blitzkrieg ldquoLightning Warrdquo ndash German strategy to
do a series of quick constant attacks to keep the enemy from easily responding bull Easily took Norway
Denmark Netherlands Belgium sites set on France
The Fall of France
bull British troops were evacuated bull German Attacked from the
North bull Italy from the South bull Outnumbered and
demoralized France Falls ndash June 1940 forced to
surrender in the same place Germany was forced to sign the Treaty of Versailles
ndash French officers including Charles de Gaulle escaped to Britain to plan liberation
ndash French continued guerrilla warfare against the Axis powers
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Denmark
ndash Norway
ndash Netherlands
ndash Belgium
ndash France
Operation Sea Lion
bull Battle of Britain-Failure of the Blitz ndash Winston Churchill ldquoWe
shall never surrenderrdquo ndash August 1940 first bombs
by German plains bull 57 Day campaign of
bombing London bull People defiantly
continued their lives 15000 people lost their lives Parliament still met King and Queen went to bomb shelters with citizens
ndash May 1941 Hitler calls it a failure and calls a new strategy
Operation Barbarossa History Repeats itself
bull June 1941 Turned sites on Soviet Union ndash Caught Stalin off guard
leading to the death of 2 frac12 million soldiers in 6 months (Why) bull Nazi-Soviet Pact bull Many top officers assassinated
during Stalinrsquos purge ndash Soviets turned to burning
crops and animals destroying cities to avoid Germans taking them bull Called bull Scorched Earth Policy bull So also like Napoleon what
happens when winter comes
Siege of Leningrad lasts 2 frac12 years bull Millions die of hunger Britain reemerges to help
Soviets with creating a 2 Front War on Germany
US‟s 1941 1 Sided Neutrality
bull Lend-Lease Act FDR can lend war materials to any country whose defense the president thinks is vital to keeping the US safe ndash ldquoArsenal of democracyrdquo lend arms to those fighting for freedom ndash Meaning who in this war
bull Atlantic Charter secret meeting between Churchill and FDR- destroy Nazis people right to chose how they are governed
ldquoA Date which will remain in infamyrdquo
bull Japan is creating a growing Pacific Empire
bull Under Atlantic Charter US stops providing war materials to JapanhellipWhy
bull Japan mad-General Tojo orders attacks on American Military Fleet in Pearl Harbor
bull December 7 1941 declares war on Japan
bull December 11 rest of Axis powers declare war on US
bull Beginning of 1942-Axis powers at their height of control
EUROPEAN SUCCESS
Distrustful Allies
bull Stalin Churchill and FDR distrust each other ndash Stalin fearful Churchill
and FDR deliberately delaying the beginning of Western Front war to weaken Communism
ndash Roosevelt leery Churchill will want to expand British Imperial power
The Side Effects of Total War
bull Allies began Total War (meaning) ndash Men drafted to war ndash Propaganda
bull Posters news broadcasts everything showed the evils of Japanese and Germans Rosie the Riveter pics urged women into factories
ndash Effects ndash Women urged to do their part by
kicking off their dresses and working in factories building war materials
ndash Rationing of food and war materials ndash 1942 Japanese Americans lost their jobs
property and rights by being interned in camps because of fear they were loyal to Japan
bull Began attack in Northern Africa ndash Forced surrender of
Axis army in Northern Africa in May 1943
ndash Staging ground for invasion of Italy
bull Invaded Italy in July 1943
bull Defeated Mussolini by August 1943 ndash Mussolini overthrown
bull Germany weakened by having to fight Allies in Italy to save Mussolini
Northern Africa to Italy
Aug 1942 Battle of Stalingrad
bull 1942 Hitler still stalled outside Leningrad switch to oil rich Stalingrad in the South ndash Germans surrounded
city ndash Soviets from North
surrounded Germans ndash Fought street by street
house by house bull Early 1943 Germans
surrendered and were pushed out of USSR by Aug 1944
D-Day
bull 1944 US General Eisenhower prepared to open second European Front ndash Bombed German factories
cities and aircraft to weaken army
bull June 6 1944 Paratroopers dropped into France at dawn soldiers stormed the beaches of Normandy France others entered through Italy French resisted from inside Paris
bull All of France free by September 1944
Hitler‟s Last Stand
bull Battle of the Bulge Dec 1944- Battle in Ardennes Mts Of Belgium ndash Offensive by Germans to
split the Allied army in half ndash Initially successful but
Allies prevailed pushing into Germany bull April 1945 Americans meet
Soviets at Elbe River bull Mussolini assassinated Hitler
committed suicide and European conflict officially over on VE Day May 8 1945 (Victory in Europe)
WAR IN THE PACIFIC
Bataan Death March
bull May 1942 Japan takes
control of US Phillipines ndash Forced 75000 American
soldiers and Filipino
civilians on a 68 mile
march to remove the
enemy forces from areas
around their next area of
attack bull Starved beaten tortured
murdered
Island Hopping Campaign bull General McArthur
successful at The Battle of Midway in June 1942 ndash Began hopping from
Island to Island retaking Japanese controlled lands
bull British fighting in Burma and Malaya staged from which colony ndash McArthur had vowed to
return to help Philippines Oct 1944 kept promise
Gloom in the Pacific
bull 1945 war in Europe over
all resources into Pacific
but Japan still strong and ndash Japanese began Kamikaze
missions (which are)
ndash Japanese fought to the
death rather than surrender
at Iwo Jima and Okinawa
bull Success seemed far way
The Allies Choice
bull Planned an invasion of Japan but fearful of Allied casualties
bull July 1945 International group of scientists completed the Manhattan Project successfully testing an atomic bomb in what State
bull President Harry Truman (what happened to FDR) gives Emperor Hirohito an ultimatum surrender or face ldquoutter and complete destructionrdquo-Japan ignores
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
bull August 6 1945-Atomic bomb instantly kills 70000 Japanese citizens Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 8 1945-Soviets declare war and invade Manchuria Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 9 1945-US bomb Nagasaki- atomic bomb instantly kills 40000 Japanese
bull August 10th Hirohito forces Japanese military to surrender officially ending the war in September
Atomic Bomb Debate
bull Should the US have dropped the bombs
Why or Why not ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against the use
of atomic bombs to end WWII
ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against keeping
or destroying all atomic bombs now
Effects of the War
bull Mass Casualties ndash 75 million people total
bull 22 million in the Soviet Union alone (most)
bull Nuremberg Trials ndash Axis powers tried for
Crimes against humanity bull 142 Germans and
Austrians (many Nazi leaders) tried and sentenced to death for their associations with the Holocaust
bull Similar trials in Japan for what actions
ndash Served to show military could be held responsible for their actions exposed the horrors of fascists and dictators hoping to secure a place for democracy
Holocaust Facts
bull 6 million Jews 4 million more gypsies Slavic peoples homosexuals or physically handicapped systematically killed
bull Millions more enslaved in work camps used for medical experiments
bull Jews and others fought back ndash Destroyed gas
chambers ndash Hid Jewish people ndash Denmark and Bulgaria
managed to save almost their entire Jewish population
Denmark‟s Jews
bull Niels Bohr (Danish physicist contracted to work on The Manhattan Project in US) snuck out of Denmark to Neutral Sweden for safe passage to US when arrived in Sweden refused to leave to the US until they agreed to offer asylum to all the Danish Jews All Jews were quietly snuck out of Denmark with the help of the failing Danish government and ordinary citizens who had been hiding them during the German occupation
United Nations
bull April 1945 50 nations created the UN Charter in San Francisco
bull 5 permanent members of the Security Council US Britain France Soviet Union (now Russia) and China ndash Can veto the decisions of the others-all must agree in order
to take action often a weakness for the organization bull Dedicated to keeping World Peace through international
peace keeping missions ndash Work towards strengthening education preventing disease
poverty and hunger bull Relies upon local governments for coordination-often
leading to inefficiencies when the governments are the ones creating the problems
Extra Credit Assignment
bull Pretend you are President Harry Truman trying to convince the US Congress to allow the US the join the United Nations since they wanted to stay out of the League of Nations years previously Write a 12 sentence speech convincing Congress to join using what you have learned from WWII and create a propaganda poster to support your speech
bull Due the Day we return from Christmas Break-Will replace a quiz grade with a 100 if done well
Stalin‟s Five-Year Plans
bull Goal Make USSR a modern industrial power ndash Build Heavy Industry
Improve Transportation Increase Farm Output
ndash 1929 Totalitarian State One party Dictatorship controlling every aspect of life bull Terror censorship and
secret police bull Propaganda boosted
successes hid failures called for extreme nationalism-loyalty to state above family
Industrial Growth
bull Command Economy ndash Pure Communist Economy ndash Government made ALL basic economic
decisions bull Owned all businesses and allocated all
resources to the people ndash Bonuses for those who reached
production goals ndash Punishments for those who didnrsquot ndash Mixed Effects
bull Large industrial improvements in heavy industry but shortages in other areas
bull Successful individuals improved their livelihood others wages low and problems getting consumer good
ndash Clothing cars refrigerators
Agriculture bull Formed Collectives-
large communal farms owned and operated by peasants (no private property except home and belongings) ndash Turned over animals
and farm equipment to the collective
ndash Peasants Rebel kill animals destroyed tools burned crops bull Stalin ordered army to
respond with machine guns killing crowds of people peasantsrsquo lands confiscated and sent to forced labor camps
bull Famine killed 5-8 million people in certain areas
The Great Purge
bull ldquoShow Trialsrdquo ndash Public tortures of party
activists war heroes mangers writers citizens forcing them to confess to crimes of counter revolution or not meeting production goals
bull Effects ndash Stalinrsquos power increased
(why) ndash Vulnerable military because
leaders killed ndash 4 million people killed by
purges another 16 million ldquodisappearedrdquo or killed during other uprisings
THE COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE WARS
2 THE UNITED STATES
Globalization of the Economy
Begins
bull Economies turn from local production and consumption to a global market ndash Cheap raw materials from Latin
America Asia and Africa pour into Western Nations lowering production costs
ndash Farmers miners and others in this sector of the economy in Europe and United States see demand for their products and their economic stability slump
bull Unions fought and won higher wages for factory workers = higher price of products ndash Farmers Miners etc could no
longer afford industrial products ndash Factory production begins to
slump bull People ignore the signs
Roaring 20s of the US
bull Europersquos industry destroyed post world war
bull US steps in as leading world economic power ndash Name some new
inventions of the early 20th century
ndash Mass consumerism begins because they wanted them all
ndash Gimme that Plastic- Buying on Credit begins-Canrsquot pay right now No problem-buy now pay later
bull People believed there would be never ending prosperity in the United States ldquoThe USrsquos business is businessrdquo President Coolidge said
Women find new Freedom
bull Showed they were strong and independent during War Time Economy ndash Gained right to vote in US
in 1920 bull New inventions freed up
time ndash Vacuums for Floors ndash Dishwashers for plates
bull Now what will these housewives do ndash Flappers Women pushed
up their hemlines chopped off their hair began going out at night without their fathers or older brothers and more women got college educations
Chief Check 59 1 What was the Kellog-Briand Pact 2 Why did the US not join the League of Nations
(we discussed this last unit it is not in your notes- use the political cartoon to the right)
3 How did Stalinrsquos economic plan differ from that of Leninrsquos
4 How did the peasantrsquos react to Stalinrsquos agricultural plan
5 What are the ldquoShow Trialsrdquo of Stalin 6 What caused the demand for raw materials in the
US to go down thus causing less people to buy industrial products because they couldnrsquot afford them leading industrial production to decrease as well
A Great Purge B Black Tuesday C Collectives D Totalitarianism E Globalization
7 How did new inventions give women more freedom
8 What is a flapper
bull All people wanted a piece of the booming 20rsquos Stock Market
bull Speculation ndash Buying stocks believing
they would go up and up ndash Like their refrigerators
people bought these stocks by ldquomargin buyingrdquo- paid for part and rich stock brokers paid for the rest with interest bull Uncertainty in the market
in autumn of 1929 lead Brokers to ask these investors to pay NOW
bull Only way to pay at this time was to sell their stocks bringing the market further down
bull PANIC set in More and more people continued to sell to salvage what they could
The Crash of bdquo29
Great Depression Begins
bull Video
bull Government Reaction ndash President Hoover stuck
to firm capitalist viewhelliphow should the government intervene in this slumping economy Did this help
ndash Franklin D Roosevelt elected in 1932 stated government MUST TAKE ACTION bull Creates his New Deal of
the 3 Rrsquos Relief Recovery and Reform
What do you call this
FDR‟s New Deal bull Relief
ndash Subsidies to farmers suffering from The Dust Bowl and sinking production
ndash Unemployment Benefits
bull Recovery ndash Public Works Programs
Funded government paid jobs to build roads museums parks bridges schools
bull Reform ndash Deposits at Banks
ensured by government ndash Social Security benefits
for retirement and disability
Houses were shut tight and cloth wedged around doors and windows but the dust came in so thinly that it could not be seen in the air and it settled like pollen on the chairs and tables on the dishes ~ Grapes of Wrath
Global Economic Crisis bull How were European economies after WWI
ndash American Banks crashing during 1930rsquos and stopped loaning to foreign governments
ndash US government demanded the Europeans repay their war debthellipbut unable
bull US tried to compensate by raising tariffs (which are) ndash Backfired-others raised their tariffs to
compensatehellipshutting each other out of the global market
THE COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE WARS
3 CHINA AND JAPAN
After the Open Door Policy
bull How was Chinarsquos Republic after it was open to trade
bull 1912 Became a military state-warlords took advantage of local communities fighting and famine throughout China
bull What did Japan get from the Treaty of Versailles (reason they entered) ndash Japan seeks greater power to
make China a protectorate (internally free internationally a territory of another country)
Japan After the War
bull Control by Emperor Hirohito 1926 ndash Became the China of
the 19th Century (all goods made in Japan using cheap labor)
ndash Nationalism rose over the ldquoYellow Perilrdquo (which is)
ndash Military domination in the government by 1937 bull Children were taught
ldquoThe Way of the Subjectsrdquo or how they were to give total obedience to the government and emperor
Japan Invades China
bull Manchurian Incident ndash Blew up their own
Japanese railroad line in Manchuria China-blamed Chinese
ndash 1931 Japan invaded Manchuria bull Leaders of China ignore
and continue fighting each other
bull 1937 Japan Bombs major cities such as Beijing
bull Rape of Nanjing ndash Japanese enter city killing
hundreds of thousands brutalizing thousands more (video)
THE COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE WARS 4 ITALY
Effects of WWI on Italy
bull Disappointed Why ndash Nationalism soared
bull Veterans and peasants in
economic ruin
bull Constant uprising and
need for strong control
Fascism bull Lead to the creation of
the Fascist Party by Benito Mussolini ndash Based on fasces
(sticks wrapped around an axe) the Roman symbol of authority
ndash Goal to create a non communist authoritarian government bull Glorifying action
violence discipline and absolute blind obedience to the state
bull Antidemocratic rejecting reason and equality
bull Echoed Expansion under idea of Social Darwinism (which is)
Mussolini‟s Italy
bull Given the Prime Minister position by King to avoid conflict
bull 1925 Seized more power called Il Duce (eel doochay) ndash Censorship ndash Secret Police ndash Corrupt elections given Fascist
leaders control bull Fascist party members
(individually) controlled business not the government
bull Men called to ruthless military duty
bull Women called to motherhood bull Strict military style education
glorifying Rome and Italy
THE COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE WARS 5 GERMANY
Review Effects of the Treaty of Versailles
bull In 1919 created a democratic Weimar Republic
bull Who was blamed for WWI bull What did they have to pay
ndash Reparations killing economy bull What important economic areas did
they lose ndash Coal rich industrial towns no longer in
their control bull Answer to economic problem Print
More Money Why is this a problem ndash Principle of Supply and Demand-Supply
high value lessons ndash Leads to massive inflation
bull Look for scapegoats-some blamed the Jewish people (why)
Dawes Plan bull World Rallied to
help Weimer Republic ndash France
withdrew from Coal rich Ruhr Valley
ndash US France and Britain lower reparations payments
bull Recovered but then killed again by Great Depression
Rise of Adolf Hitler
bull 1920 National Socialist German Workers party created (Nazirsquos-not socialists at all) ndash NOT SOCIALIST-
FACIST (what is this)
bull Urged Germans all over the world to unite and expand
bull Demanded Germany needed a strong leader or Fuhrer
Mein Kampf bull Published Mein Kampf
ldquoMy Strugglerdquo 1925 ndash Outlines Nazi ideology
and goals bull Extreme Nationalism bull Superiority of the Germans
Throw off the chains of the Treaty of Versailles and create a world dominated by the superior German Aryan Race
bull Anti-Semitism (what is it) ndashBelief Jews were conspiring to overthrow the government states that the gassing of thousands of Jews would mean that the sacrifice of millions of soldiers will not be in vain
Hitler‟s Democratic Take-over bull What 2 main circumstances in Germany played into Hitlerrsquos rise
bull Promised to end reparations create jobs and arm Germany for the
future
bull Nazis gained more and more legislative seats
bull By the democratic process Hitler elected Chancellor (leader) in 1933
bull Took 1 year to suspend civil rights and disbanded all opposing
political parties executing any party members he believed were
disloyal (speech)
Hitler‟s Third Reich
bull Why the Third Reich bull Totalitarianism
ndash Power by what means bull Economic
ndash Public Works programs (which are) bull Highways trains housing bull Rebuilt industry through arms
development bull Employment soaredhellipthe people
cheered
bull Social Policy ndash Hitler Youth indoctrinated with
racism and absolute loyalty ndash Censorship toward pure German
Society (burned books propaganda) ndash Pure Aryan women rewarded for
having babies turned away from universities and upper level positions
Cultural Purge
bull Churches Close ndash Hitler Christianity
ldquoweakrdquo ndash All Protestant
faiths combined into a state church indoctrinating Aryan superiority
ndash Some Catholic churches closed if spoke out against Nazi regime
Nuremberg Laws 1935
bull Laws stated Jewish people could NOT
bull Marry non Jews
bull Attend or teach in German
schools
bull Hold Government positions
bull Practice Law or Medicine
bull Publish Books
bull Urged the unprovoked
beatings of Jewish people in public ndash Effect many German Jews like Albert Einstein fled
Night of the Broken Glass ldquoKristallnachtrdquo
bull November 7 1938 a young Jew who had watched his parents be mistreated in Germany shot a German diplomat in Paris ndash From article Specifically
why was Grynszpan mad ndash Goebbels and Hitler want
who to rise up and attack the Jewish people Did this happen Who did
bull Hitler reacted by attacking Jewish communities (called) ndash Destroyed buildings burned
synagogues and dragged Jewish people into the street for public beatings
World Reaction
bull World swiftly and negatively reacted to The Night of the Broken Glass
bull Hitlerrsquos response ndash Make the Jewish people
pay for the damage ndash Increase his campaign by
forcing them into concentration camps (what are these)
ndash Began plotting his ldquofinal solutionrdquo (which was)
ldquoWork makes one Freerdquo
bull ldquoThe Nazis came first for the Communists But I wasnrsquot Communist so I didnrsquot speak up Then they came for the Jews but I wasnrsquot a Jew so I didnrsquot speak uphellipThen they came for the unionists but I was a Protestant so I didnrsquot speak up Then they came for me By that time there was no one left to speak uprdquo ndash Lutheran Minister Martin Niemoller
bull What lesson can be learned from this
Critical Thinking
bull Find 6 similarities between the Totalitarian
States of the USSR Italy and Germany
APPEASING THE ENEMY
Policy of Appeasement 1936 bull Appeasement Giving
into the demands of aggressors in order to keep peace ndash West did everything from
weak sanctions to ignoring aggressive behavior to avoid War bull Italy invaded Ethiopia
1935 ndash League of Nations (whorsquos
involved) passed economic sanctions but couldnrsquot enforce them
bull 1936 Germans invaded the Rhineland (demilitarized no manrsquos land protecting France from Germany)
ndash France and Britain turn a blinds eye
ndash WHY
1935 US Passes Neutrality Acts
bull Neutrality Acts ndash US will not do the
following with
countries at war bull Sell arms
bull Loan money
bull Have Americans
travel on their ships
(why)
1936 The Axis of ldquoEvilrdquo
bull Germany Italy and
Japan form an
alliance to ldquoend
communismrdquo ndash Really an
agreement to NOT
stop each other
from expanding
1936 Spain falls to Fascist Franco with Nazi Germany‟s help
bull Germany bombs Guernica Spain as a dress rehearsal for their new war planes- 1600 innocent civilians were killed
A neutral Europe
bull On your map choose a color for countries that remained as neutral as humanly possible in this case Color and label the following (Good practice for the Map Quiz tomorrow) ndash Switzerland ndash Sweden ndash Republic of Ireland ndash Portugal ndash Spain
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Germany
ndash Italy
ndash Northern Africa
German Expansion
bull What were Hitlerrsquos goals ndash Unite Germans
everywhere ndash Create more living
space bull 1st Move 1938 Annex
Austria his birthplace (easily fell Europe did nothing)
bull 2nd Move 1938 Demand the annexation of the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia which was home to mostly Germans
ndash Munich Conference-Germany ldquopromisedrdquo to not invade any more land so Britain and France persuaded Czechs to surrender the territory
bull Soon to be Prime Minister of Great Britain (1940) Winston Churchill said of the decision ndash ldquoThey had to
chose between war or dishonor They chose dishonor they will have warrdquo
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Austria
ndash Czechoslovakia (Find Czech Republic and
Slovakia) Color them both in
Assignment bull Create your own political cartoon that
expresses the effects of Appeasement and Neutrality upon Europe ndash Create a Catchy Title and Write it on the Top
line in Marker ndash Draw the Picture in the box and COLOR and or
use BLACK MARKER to outline any pencil markshellipyou will not be graded on your drawing ability but you will be graded on your creativity use of historical information neatness overall effort and your ability to stay on task
ndash Sign the bottom
Nazi-Soviet Pact 1939
bull August nonaggression pact between Germany and Soviet Union signed ndash Would not fight if the
other went to war ndash Divide Poland and
Eastern Europe between them bull Soviets reason Gain
territory and time to build arms
bull Germany free to take Poland avoid a two front war (why)
The Poland Promise
bull Hitler didnrsquot stop at the Sudetenland and took more and more of Czechoslovakia
bull Britain and France accepted the failure of appeasement and promised to protect Poland Germany obvious next move ndash September 1939 Nazirsquos invade
Poland and Britain and France honor their agreement declaring war on Germany
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries that are Axis Controlled Color and label the following ndash Poland ndash Yugoslavia (Find Serbia color it all in) ndash Romania ndash Hungary ndash Bulgaria ndash Greece ndash Albania
THE BEGINNINGS OF WWII EARLY AXIS ACHIEVEMENTS
Nazi Blitzkrieg
bull Blitzkrieg ldquoLightning Warrdquo ndash German strategy to
do a series of quick constant attacks to keep the enemy from easily responding bull Easily took Norway
Denmark Netherlands Belgium sites set on France
The Fall of France
bull British troops were evacuated bull German Attacked from the
North bull Italy from the South bull Outnumbered and
demoralized France Falls ndash June 1940 forced to
surrender in the same place Germany was forced to sign the Treaty of Versailles
ndash French officers including Charles de Gaulle escaped to Britain to plan liberation
ndash French continued guerrilla warfare against the Axis powers
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Denmark
ndash Norway
ndash Netherlands
ndash Belgium
ndash France
Operation Sea Lion
bull Battle of Britain-Failure of the Blitz ndash Winston Churchill ldquoWe
shall never surrenderrdquo ndash August 1940 first bombs
by German plains bull 57 Day campaign of
bombing London bull People defiantly
continued their lives 15000 people lost their lives Parliament still met King and Queen went to bomb shelters with citizens
ndash May 1941 Hitler calls it a failure and calls a new strategy
Operation Barbarossa History Repeats itself
bull June 1941 Turned sites on Soviet Union ndash Caught Stalin off guard
leading to the death of 2 frac12 million soldiers in 6 months (Why) bull Nazi-Soviet Pact bull Many top officers assassinated
during Stalinrsquos purge ndash Soviets turned to burning
crops and animals destroying cities to avoid Germans taking them bull Called bull Scorched Earth Policy bull So also like Napoleon what
happens when winter comes
Siege of Leningrad lasts 2 frac12 years bull Millions die of hunger Britain reemerges to help
Soviets with creating a 2 Front War on Germany
US‟s 1941 1 Sided Neutrality
bull Lend-Lease Act FDR can lend war materials to any country whose defense the president thinks is vital to keeping the US safe ndash ldquoArsenal of democracyrdquo lend arms to those fighting for freedom ndash Meaning who in this war
bull Atlantic Charter secret meeting between Churchill and FDR- destroy Nazis people right to chose how they are governed
ldquoA Date which will remain in infamyrdquo
bull Japan is creating a growing Pacific Empire
bull Under Atlantic Charter US stops providing war materials to JapanhellipWhy
bull Japan mad-General Tojo orders attacks on American Military Fleet in Pearl Harbor
bull December 7 1941 declares war on Japan
bull December 11 rest of Axis powers declare war on US
bull Beginning of 1942-Axis powers at their height of control
EUROPEAN SUCCESS
Distrustful Allies
bull Stalin Churchill and FDR distrust each other ndash Stalin fearful Churchill
and FDR deliberately delaying the beginning of Western Front war to weaken Communism
ndash Roosevelt leery Churchill will want to expand British Imperial power
The Side Effects of Total War
bull Allies began Total War (meaning) ndash Men drafted to war ndash Propaganda
bull Posters news broadcasts everything showed the evils of Japanese and Germans Rosie the Riveter pics urged women into factories
ndash Effects ndash Women urged to do their part by
kicking off their dresses and working in factories building war materials
ndash Rationing of food and war materials ndash 1942 Japanese Americans lost their jobs
property and rights by being interned in camps because of fear they were loyal to Japan
bull Began attack in Northern Africa ndash Forced surrender of
Axis army in Northern Africa in May 1943
ndash Staging ground for invasion of Italy
bull Invaded Italy in July 1943
bull Defeated Mussolini by August 1943 ndash Mussolini overthrown
bull Germany weakened by having to fight Allies in Italy to save Mussolini
Northern Africa to Italy
Aug 1942 Battle of Stalingrad
bull 1942 Hitler still stalled outside Leningrad switch to oil rich Stalingrad in the South ndash Germans surrounded
city ndash Soviets from North
surrounded Germans ndash Fought street by street
house by house bull Early 1943 Germans
surrendered and were pushed out of USSR by Aug 1944
D-Day
bull 1944 US General Eisenhower prepared to open second European Front ndash Bombed German factories
cities and aircraft to weaken army
bull June 6 1944 Paratroopers dropped into France at dawn soldiers stormed the beaches of Normandy France others entered through Italy French resisted from inside Paris
bull All of France free by September 1944
Hitler‟s Last Stand
bull Battle of the Bulge Dec 1944- Battle in Ardennes Mts Of Belgium ndash Offensive by Germans to
split the Allied army in half ndash Initially successful but
Allies prevailed pushing into Germany bull April 1945 Americans meet
Soviets at Elbe River bull Mussolini assassinated Hitler
committed suicide and European conflict officially over on VE Day May 8 1945 (Victory in Europe)
WAR IN THE PACIFIC
Bataan Death March
bull May 1942 Japan takes
control of US Phillipines ndash Forced 75000 American
soldiers and Filipino
civilians on a 68 mile
march to remove the
enemy forces from areas
around their next area of
attack bull Starved beaten tortured
murdered
Island Hopping Campaign bull General McArthur
successful at The Battle of Midway in June 1942 ndash Began hopping from
Island to Island retaking Japanese controlled lands
bull British fighting in Burma and Malaya staged from which colony ndash McArthur had vowed to
return to help Philippines Oct 1944 kept promise
Gloom in the Pacific
bull 1945 war in Europe over
all resources into Pacific
but Japan still strong and ndash Japanese began Kamikaze
missions (which are)
ndash Japanese fought to the
death rather than surrender
at Iwo Jima and Okinawa
bull Success seemed far way
The Allies Choice
bull Planned an invasion of Japan but fearful of Allied casualties
bull July 1945 International group of scientists completed the Manhattan Project successfully testing an atomic bomb in what State
bull President Harry Truman (what happened to FDR) gives Emperor Hirohito an ultimatum surrender or face ldquoutter and complete destructionrdquo-Japan ignores
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
bull August 6 1945-Atomic bomb instantly kills 70000 Japanese citizens Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 8 1945-Soviets declare war and invade Manchuria Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 9 1945-US bomb Nagasaki- atomic bomb instantly kills 40000 Japanese
bull August 10th Hirohito forces Japanese military to surrender officially ending the war in September
Atomic Bomb Debate
bull Should the US have dropped the bombs
Why or Why not ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against the use
of atomic bombs to end WWII
ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against keeping
or destroying all atomic bombs now
Effects of the War
bull Mass Casualties ndash 75 million people total
bull 22 million in the Soviet Union alone (most)
bull Nuremberg Trials ndash Axis powers tried for
Crimes against humanity bull 142 Germans and
Austrians (many Nazi leaders) tried and sentenced to death for their associations with the Holocaust
bull Similar trials in Japan for what actions
ndash Served to show military could be held responsible for their actions exposed the horrors of fascists and dictators hoping to secure a place for democracy
Holocaust Facts
bull 6 million Jews 4 million more gypsies Slavic peoples homosexuals or physically handicapped systematically killed
bull Millions more enslaved in work camps used for medical experiments
bull Jews and others fought back ndash Destroyed gas
chambers ndash Hid Jewish people ndash Denmark and Bulgaria
managed to save almost their entire Jewish population
Denmark‟s Jews
bull Niels Bohr (Danish physicist contracted to work on The Manhattan Project in US) snuck out of Denmark to Neutral Sweden for safe passage to US when arrived in Sweden refused to leave to the US until they agreed to offer asylum to all the Danish Jews All Jews were quietly snuck out of Denmark with the help of the failing Danish government and ordinary citizens who had been hiding them during the German occupation
United Nations
bull April 1945 50 nations created the UN Charter in San Francisco
bull 5 permanent members of the Security Council US Britain France Soviet Union (now Russia) and China ndash Can veto the decisions of the others-all must agree in order
to take action often a weakness for the organization bull Dedicated to keeping World Peace through international
peace keeping missions ndash Work towards strengthening education preventing disease
poverty and hunger bull Relies upon local governments for coordination-often
leading to inefficiencies when the governments are the ones creating the problems
Extra Credit Assignment
bull Pretend you are President Harry Truman trying to convince the US Congress to allow the US the join the United Nations since they wanted to stay out of the League of Nations years previously Write a 12 sentence speech convincing Congress to join using what you have learned from WWII and create a propaganda poster to support your speech
bull Due the Day we return from Christmas Break-Will replace a quiz grade with a 100 if done well
Industrial Growth
bull Command Economy ndash Pure Communist Economy ndash Government made ALL basic economic
decisions bull Owned all businesses and allocated all
resources to the people ndash Bonuses for those who reached
production goals ndash Punishments for those who didnrsquot ndash Mixed Effects
bull Large industrial improvements in heavy industry but shortages in other areas
bull Successful individuals improved their livelihood others wages low and problems getting consumer good
ndash Clothing cars refrigerators
Agriculture bull Formed Collectives-
large communal farms owned and operated by peasants (no private property except home and belongings) ndash Turned over animals
and farm equipment to the collective
ndash Peasants Rebel kill animals destroyed tools burned crops bull Stalin ordered army to
respond with machine guns killing crowds of people peasantsrsquo lands confiscated and sent to forced labor camps
bull Famine killed 5-8 million people in certain areas
The Great Purge
bull ldquoShow Trialsrdquo ndash Public tortures of party
activists war heroes mangers writers citizens forcing them to confess to crimes of counter revolution or not meeting production goals
bull Effects ndash Stalinrsquos power increased
(why) ndash Vulnerable military because
leaders killed ndash 4 million people killed by
purges another 16 million ldquodisappearedrdquo or killed during other uprisings
THE COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE WARS
2 THE UNITED STATES
Globalization of the Economy
Begins
bull Economies turn from local production and consumption to a global market ndash Cheap raw materials from Latin
America Asia and Africa pour into Western Nations lowering production costs
ndash Farmers miners and others in this sector of the economy in Europe and United States see demand for their products and their economic stability slump
bull Unions fought and won higher wages for factory workers = higher price of products ndash Farmers Miners etc could no
longer afford industrial products ndash Factory production begins to
slump bull People ignore the signs
Roaring 20s of the US
bull Europersquos industry destroyed post world war
bull US steps in as leading world economic power ndash Name some new
inventions of the early 20th century
ndash Mass consumerism begins because they wanted them all
ndash Gimme that Plastic- Buying on Credit begins-Canrsquot pay right now No problem-buy now pay later
bull People believed there would be never ending prosperity in the United States ldquoThe USrsquos business is businessrdquo President Coolidge said
Women find new Freedom
bull Showed they were strong and independent during War Time Economy ndash Gained right to vote in US
in 1920 bull New inventions freed up
time ndash Vacuums for Floors ndash Dishwashers for plates
bull Now what will these housewives do ndash Flappers Women pushed
up their hemlines chopped off their hair began going out at night without their fathers or older brothers and more women got college educations
Chief Check 59 1 What was the Kellog-Briand Pact 2 Why did the US not join the League of Nations
(we discussed this last unit it is not in your notes- use the political cartoon to the right)
3 How did Stalinrsquos economic plan differ from that of Leninrsquos
4 How did the peasantrsquos react to Stalinrsquos agricultural plan
5 What are the ldquoShow Trialsrdquo of Stalin 6 What caused the demand for raw materials in the
US to go down thus causing less people to buy industrial products because they couldnrsquot afford them leading industrial production to decrease as well
A Great Purge B Black Tuesday C Collectives D Totalitarianism E Globalization
7 How did new inventions give women more freedom
8 What is a flapper
bull All people wanted a piece of the booming 20rsquos Stock Market
bull Speculation ndash Buying stocks believing
they would go up and up ndash Like their refrigerators
people bought these stocks by ldquomargin buyingrdquo- paid for part and rich stock brokers paid for the rest with interest bull Uncertainty in the market
in autumn of 1929 lead Brokers to ask these investors to pay NOW
bull Only way to pay at this time was to sell their stocks bringing the market further down
bull PANIC set in More and more people continued to sell to salvage what they could
The Crash of bdquo29
Great Depression Begins
bull Video
bull Government Reaction ndash President Hoover stuck
to firm capitalist viewhelliphow should the government intervene in this slumping economy Did this help
ndash Franklin D Roosevelt elected in 1932 stated government MUST TAKE ACTION bull Creates his New Deal of
the 3 Rrsquos Relief Recovery and Reform
What do you call this
FDR‟s New Deal bull Relief
ndash Subsidies to farmers suffering from The Dust Bowl and sinking production
ndash Unemployment Benefits
bull Recovery ndash Public Works Programs
Funded government paid jobs to build roads museums parks bridges schools
bull Reform ndash Deposits at Banks
ensured by government ndash Social Security benefits
for retirement and disability
Houses were shut tight and cloth wedged around doors and windows but the dust came in so thinly that it could not be seen in the air and it settled like pollen on the chairs and tables on the dishes ~ Grapes of Wrath
Global Economic Crisis bull How were European economies after WWI
ndash American Banks crashing during 1930rsquos and stopped loaning to foreign governments
ndash US government demanded the Europeans repay their war debthellipbut unable
bull US tried to compensate by raising tariffs (which are) ndash Backfired-others raised their tariffs to
compensatehellipshutting each other out of the global market
THE COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE WARS
3 CHINA AND JAPAN
After the Open Door Policy
bull How was Chinarsquos Republic after it was open to trade
bull 1912 Became a military state-warlords took advantage of local communities fighting and famine throughout China
bull What did Japan get from the Treaty of Versailles (reason they entered) ndash Japan seeks greater power to
make China a protectorate (internally free internationally a territory of another country)
Japan After the War
bull Control by Emperor Hirohito 1926 ndash Became the China of
the 19th Century (all goods made in Japan using cheap labor)
ndash Nationalism rose over the ldquoYellow Perilrdquo (which is)
ndash Military domination in the government by 1937 bull Children were taught
ldquoThe Way of the Subjectsrdquo or how they were to give total obedience to the government and emperor
Japan Invades China
bull Manchurian Incident ndash Blew up their own
Japanese railroad line in Manchuria China-blamed Chinese
ndash 1931 Japan invaded Manchuria bull Leaders of China ignore
and continue fighting each other
bull 1937 Japan Bombs major cities such as Beijing
bull Rape of Nanjing ndash Japanese enter city killing
hundreds of thousands brutalizing thousands more (video)
THE COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE WARS 4 ITALY
Effects of WWI on Italy
bull Disappointed Why ndash Nationalism soared
bull Veterans and peasants in
economic ruin
bull Constant uprising and
need for strong control
Fascism bull Lead to the creation of
the Fascist Party by Benito Mussolini ndash Based on fasces
(sticks wrapped around an axe) the Roman symbol of authority
ndash Goal to create a non communist authoritarian government bull Glorifying action
violence discipline and absolute blind obedience to the state
bull Antidemocratic rejecting reason and equality
bull Echoed Expansion under idea of Social Darwinism (which is)
Mussolini‟s Italy
bull Given the Prime Minister position by King to avoid conflict
bull 1925 Seized more power called Il Duce (eel doochay) ndash Censorship ndash Secret Police ndash Corrupt elections given Fascist
leaders control bull Fascist party members
(individually) controlled business not the government
bull Men called to ruthless military duty
bull Women called to motherhood bull Strict military style education
glorifying Rome and Italy
THE COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE WARS 5 GERMANY
Review Effects of the Treaty of Versailles
bull In 1919 created a democratic Weimar Republic
bull Who was blamed for WWI bull What did they have to pay
ndash Reparations killing economy bull What important economic areas did
they lose ndash Coal rich industrial towns no longer in
their control bull Answer to economic problem Print
More Money Why is this a problem ndash Principle of Supply and Demand-Supply
high value lessons ndash Leads to massive inflation
bull Look for scapegoats-some blamed the Jewish people (why)
Dawes Plan bull World Rallied to
help Weimer Republic ndash France
withdrew from Coal rich Ruhr Valley
ndash US France and Britain lower reparations payments
bull Recovered but then killed again by Great Depression
Rise of Adolf Hitler
bull 1920 National Socialist German Workers party created (Nazirsquos-not socialists at all) ndash NOT SOCIALIST-
FACIST (what is this)
bull Urged Germans all over the world to unite and expand
bull Demanded Germany needed a strong leader or Fuhrer
Mein Kampf bull Published Mein Kampf
ldquoMy Strugglerdquo 1925 ndash Outlines Nazi ideology
and goals bull Extreme Nationalism bull Superiority of the Germans
Throw off the chains of the Treaty of Versailles and create a world dominated by the superior German Aryan Race
bull Anti-Semitism (what is it) ndashBelief Jews were conspiring to overthrow the government states that the gassing of thousands of Jews would mean that the sacrifice of millions of soldiers will not be in vain
Hitler‟s Democratic Take-over bull What 2 main circumstances in Germany played into Hitlerrsquos rise
bull Promised to end reparations create jobs and arm Germany for the
future
bull Nazis gained more and more legislative seats
bull By the democratic process Hitler elected Chancellor (leader) in 1933
bull Took 1 year to suspend civil rights and disbanded all opposing
political parties executing any party members he believed were
disloyal (speech)
Hitler‟s Third Reich
bull Why the Third Reich bull Totalitarianism
ndash Power by what means bull Economic
ndash Public Works programs (which are) bull Highways trains housing bull Rebuilt industry through arms
development bull Employment soaredhellipthe people
cheered
bull Social Policy ndash Hitler Youth indoctrinated with
racism and absolute loyalty ndash Censorship toward pure German
Society (burned books propaganda) ndash Pure Aryan women rewarded for
having babies turned away from universities and upper level positions
Cultural Purge
bull Churches Close ndash Hitler Christianity
ldquoweakrdquo ndash All Protestant
faiths combined into a state church indoctrinating Aryan superiority
ndash Some Catholic churches closed if spoke out against Nazi regime
Nuremberg Laws 1935
bull Laws stated Jewish people could NOT
bull Marry non Jews
bull Attend or teach in German
schools
bull Hold Government positions
bull Practice Law or Medicine
bull Publish Books
bull Urged the unprovoked
beatings of Jewish people in public ndash Effect many German Jews like Albert Einstein fled
Night of the Broken Glass ldquoKristallnachtrdquo
bull November 7 1938 a young Jew who had watched his parents be mistreated in Germany shot a German diplomat in Paris ndash From article Specifically
why was Grynszpan mad ndash Goebbels and Hitler want
who to rise up and attack the Jewish people Did this happen Who did
bull Hitler reacted by attacking Jewish communities (called) ndash Destroyed buildings burned
synagogues and dragged Jewish people into the street for public beatings
World Reaction
bull World swiftly and negatively reacted to The Night of the Broken Glass
bull Hitlerrsquos response ndash Make the Jewish people
pay for the damage ndash Increase his campaign by
forcing them into concentration camps (what are these)
ndash Began plotting his ldquofinal solutionrdquo (which was)
ldquoWork makes one Freerdquo
bull ldquoThe Nazis came first for the Communists But I wasnrsquot Communist so I didnrsquot speak up Then they came for the Jews but I wasnrsquot a Jew so I didnrsquot speak uphellipThen they came for the unionists but I was a Protestant so I didnrsquot speak up Then they came for me By that time there was no one left to speak uprdquo ndash Lutheran Minister Martin Niemoller
bull What lesson can be learned from this
Critical Thinking
bull Find 6 similarities between the Totalitarian
States of the USSR Italy and Germany
APPEASING THE ENEMY
Policy of Appeasement 1936 bull Appeasement Giving
into the demands of aggressors in order to keep peace ndash West did everything from
weak sanctions to ignoring aggressive behavior to avoid War bull Italy invaded Ethiopia
1935 ndash League of Nations (whorsquos
involved) passed economic sanctions but couldnrsquot enforce them
bull 1936 Germans invaded the Rhineland (demilitarized no manrsquos land protecting France from Germany)
ndash France and Britain turn a blinds eye
ndash WHY
1935 US Passes Neutrality Acts
bull Neutrality Acts ndash US will not do the
following with
countries at war bull Sell arms
bull Loan money
bull Have Americans
travel on their ships
(why)
1936 The Axis of ldquoEvilrdquo
bull Germany Italy and
Japan form an
alliance to ldquoend
communismrdquo ndash Really an
agreement to NOT
stop each other
from expanding
1936 Spain falls to Fascist Franco with Nazi Germany‟s help
bull Germany bombs Guernica Spain as a dress rehearsal for their new war planes- 1600 innocent civilians were killed
A neutral Europe
bull On your map choose a color for countries that remained as neutral as humanly possible in this case Color and label the following (Good practice for the Map Quiz tomorrow) ndash Switzerland ndash Sweden ndash Republic of Ireland ndash Portugal ndash Spain
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Germany
ndash Italy
ndash Northern Africa
German Expansion
bull What were Hitlerrsquos goals ndash Unite Germans
everywhere ndash Create more living
space bull 1st Move 1938 Annex
Austria his birthplace (easily fell Europe did nothing)
bull 2nd Move 1938 Demand the annexation of the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia which was home to mostly Germans
ndash Munich Conference-Germany ldquopromisedrdquo to not invade any more land so Britain and France persuaded Czechs to surrender the territory
bull Soon to be Prime Minister of Great Britain (1940) Winston Churchill said of the decision ndash ldquoThey had to
chose between war or dishonor They chose dishonor they will have warrdquo
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Austria
ndash Czechoslovakia (Find Czech Republic and
Slovakia) Color them both in
Assignment bull Create your own political cartoon that
expresses the effects of Appeasement and Neutrality upon Europe ndash Create a Catchy Title and Write it on the Top
line in Marker ndash Draw the Picture in the box and COLOR and or
use BLACK MARKER to outline any pencil markshellipyou will not be graded on your drawing ability but you will be graded on your creativity use of historical information neatness overall effort and your ability to stay on task
ndash Sign the bottom
Nazi-Soviet Pact 1939
bull August nonaggression pact between Germany and Soviet Union signed ndash Would not fight if the
other went to war ndash Divide Poland and
Eastern Europe between them bull Soviets reason Gain
territory and time to build arms
bull Germany free to take Poland avoid a two front war (why)
The Poland Promise
bull Hitler didnrsquot stop at the Sudetenland and took more and more of Czechoslovakia
bull Britain and France accepted the failure of appeasement and promised to protect Poland Germany obvious next move ndash September 1939 Nazirsquos invade
Poland and Britain and France honor their agreement declaring war on Germany
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries that are Axis Controlled Color and label the following ndash Poland ndash Yugoslavia (Find Serbia color it all in) ndash Romania ndash Hungary ndash Bulgaria ndash Greece ndash Albania
THE BEGINNINGS OF WWII EARLY AXIS ACHIEVEMENTS
Nazi Blitzkrieg
bull Blitzkrieg ldquoLightning Warrdquo ndash German strategy to
do a series of quick constant attacks to keep the enemy from easily responding bull Easily took Norway
Denmark Netherlands Belgium sites set on France
The Fall of France
bull British troops were evacuated bull German Attacked from the
North bull Italy from the South bull Outnumbered and
demoralized France Falls ndash June 1940 forced to
surrender in the same place Germany was forced to sign the Treaty of Versailles
ndash French officers including Charles de Gaulle escaped to Britain to plan liberation
ndash French continued guerrilla warfare against the Axis powers
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Denmark
ndash Norway
ndash Netherlands
ndash Belgium
ndash France
Operation Sea Lion
bull Battle of Britain-Failure of the Blitz ndash Winston Churchill ldquoWe
shall never surrenderrdquo ndash August 1940 first bombs
by German plains bull 57 Day campaign of
bombing London bull People defiantly
continued their lives 15000 people lost their lives Parliament still met King and Queen went to bomb shelters with citizens
ndash May 1941 Hitler calls it a failure and calls a new strategy
Operation Barbarossa History Repeats itself
bull June 1941 Turned sites on Soviet Union ndash Caught Stalin off guard
leading to the death of 2 frac12 million soldiers in 6 months (Why) bull Nazi-Soviet Pact bull Many top officers assassinated
during Stalinrsquos purge ndash Soviets turned to burning
crops and animals destroying cities to avoid Germans taking them bull Called bull Scorched Earth Policy bull So also like Napoleon what
happens when winter comes
Siege of Leningrad lasts 2 frac12 years bull Millions die of hunger Britain reemerges to help
Soviets with creating a 2 Front War on Germany
US‟s 1941 1 Sided Neutrality
bull Lend-Lease Act FDR can lend war materials to any country whose defense the president thinks is vital to keeping the US safe ndash ldquoArsenal of democracyrdquo lend arms to those fighting for freedom ndash Meaning who in this war
bull Atlantic Charter secret meeting between Churchill and FDR- destroy Nazis people right to chose how they are governed
ldquoA Date which will remain in infamyrdquo
bull Japan is creating a growing Pacific Empire
bull Under Atlantic Charter US stops providing war materials to JapanhellipWhy
bull Japan mad-General Tojo orders attacks on American Military Fleet in Pearl Harbor
bull December 7 1941 declares war on Japan
bull December 11 rest of Axis powers declare war on US
bull Beginning of 1942-Axis powers at their height of control
EUROPEAN SUCCESS
Distrustful Allies
bull Stalin Churchill and FDR distrust each other ndash Stalin fearful Churchill
and FDR deliberately delaying the beginning of Western Front war to weaken Communism
ndash Roosevelt leery Churchill will want to expand British Imperial power
The Side Effects of Total War
bull Allies began Total War (meaning) ndash Men drafted to war ndash Propaganda
bull Posters news broadcasts everything showed the evils of Japanese and Germans Rosie the Riveter pics urged women into factories
ndash Effects ndash Women urged to do their part by
kicking off their dresses and working in factories building war materials
ndash Rationing of food and war materials ndash 1942 Japanese Americans lost their jobs
property and rights by being interned in camps because of fear they were loyal to Japan
bull Began attack in Northern Africa ndash Forced surrender of
Axis army in Northern Africa in May 1943
ndash Staging ground for invasion of Italy
bull Invaded Italy in July 1943
bull Defeated Mussolini by August 1943 ndash Mussolini overthrown
bull Germany weakened by having to fight Allies in Italy to save Mussolini
Northern Africa to Italy
Aug 1942 Battle of Stalingrad
bull 1942 Hitler still stalled outside Leningrad switch to oil rich Stalingrad in the South ndash Germans surrounded
city ndash Soviets from North
surrounded Germans ndash Fought street by street
house by house bull Early 1943 Germans
surrendered and were pushed out of USSR by Aug 1944
D-Day
bull 1944 US General Eisenhower prepared to open second European Front ndash Bombed German factories
cities and aircraft to weaken army
bull June 6 1944 Paratroopers dropped into France at dawn soldiers stormed the beaches of Normandy France others entered through Italy French resisted from inside Paris
bull All of France free by September 1944
Hitler‟s Last Stand
bull Battle of the Bulge Dec 1944- Battle in Ardennes Mts Of Belgium ndash Offensive by Germans to
split the Allied army in half ndash Initially successful but
Allies prevailed pushing into Germany bull April 1945 Americans meet
Soviets at Elbe River bull Mussolini assassinated Hitler
committed suicide and European conflict officially over on VE Day May 8 1945 (Victory in Europe)
WAR IN THE PACIFIC
Bataan Death March
bull May 1942 Japan takes
control of US Phillipines ndash Forced 75000 American
soldiers and Filipino
civilians on a 68 mile
march to remove the
enemy forces from areas
around their next area of
attack bull Starved beaten tortured
murdered
Island Hopping Campaign bull General McArthur
successful at The Battle of Midway in June 1942 ndash Began hopping from
Island to Island retaking Japanese controlled lands
bull British fighting in Burma and Malaya staged from which colony ndash McArthur had vowed to
return to help Philippines Oct 1944 kept promise
Gloom in the Pacific
bull 1945 war in Europe over
all resources into Pacific
but Japan still strong and ndash Japanese began Kamikaze
missions (which are)
ndash Japanese fought to the
death rather than surrender
at Iwo Jima and Okinawa
bull Success seemed far way
The Allies Choice
bull Planned an invasion of Japan but fearful of Allied casualties
bull July 1945 International group of scientists completed the Manhattan Project successfully testing an atomic bomb in what State
bull President Harry Truman (what happened to FDR) gives Emperor Hirohito an ultimatum surrender or face ldquoutter and complete destructionrdquo-Japan ignores
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
bull August 6 1945-Atomic bomb instantly kills 70000 Japanese citizens Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 8 1945-Soviets declare war and invade Manchuria Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 9 1945-US bomb Nagasaki- atomic bomb instantly kills 40000 Japanese
bull August 10th Hirohito forces Japanese military to surrender officially ending the war in September
Atomic Bomb Debate
bull Should the US have dropped the bombs
Why or Why not ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against the use
of atomic bombs to end WWII
ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against keeping
or destroying all atomic bombs now
Effects of the War
bull Mass Casualties ndash 75 million people total
bull 22 million in the Soviet Union alone (most)
bull Nuremberg Trials ndash Axis powers tried for
Crimes against humanity bull 142 Germans and
Austrians (many Nazi leaders) tried and sentenced to death for their associations with the Holocaust
bull Similar trials in Japan for what actions
ndash Served to show military could be held responsible for their actions exposed the horrors of fascists and dictators hoping to secure a place for democracy
Holocaust Facts
bull 6 million Jews 4 million more gypsies Slavic peoples homosexuals or physically handicapped systematically killed
bull Millions more enslaved in work camps used for medical experiments
bull Jews and others fought back ndash Destroyed gas
chambers ndash Hid Jewish people ndash Denmark and Bulgaria
managed to save almost their entire Jewish population
Denmark‟s Jews
bull Niels Bohr (Danish physicist contracted to work on The Manhattan Project in US) snuck out of Denmark to Neutral Sweden for safe passage to US when arrived in Sweden refused to leave to the US until they agreed to offer asylum to all the Danish Jews All Jews were quietly snuck out of Denmark with the help of the failing Danish government and ordinary citizens who had been hiding them during the German occupation
United Nations
bull April 1945 50 nations created the UN Charter in San Francisco
bull 5 permanent members of the Security Council US Britain France Soviet Union (now Russia) and China ndash Can veto the decisions of the others-all must agree in order
to take action often a weakness for the organization bull Dedicated to keeping World Peace through international
peace keeping missions ndash Work towards strengthening education preventing disease
poverty and hunger bull Relies upon local governments for coordination-often
leading to inefficiencies when the governments are the ones creating the problems
Extra Credit Assignment
bull Pretend you are President Harry Truman trying to convince the US Congress to allow the US the join the United Nations since they wanted to stay out of the League of Nations years previously Write a 12 sentence speech convincing Congress to join using what you have learned from WWII and create a propaganda poster to support your speech
bull Due the Day we return from Christmas Break-Will replace a quiz grade with a 100 if done well
Agriculture bull Formed Collectives-
large communal farms owned and operated by peasants (no private property except home and belongings) ndash Turned over animals
and farm equipment to the collective
ndash Peasants Rebel kill animals destroyed tools burned crops bull Stalin ordered army to
respond with machine guns killing crowds of people peasantsrsquo lands confiscated and sent to forced labor camps
bull Famine killed 5-8 million people in certain areas
The Great Purge
bull ldquoShow Trialsrdquo ndash Public tortures of party
activists war heroes mangers writers citizens forcing them to confess to crimes of counter revolution or not meeting production goals
bull Effects ndash Stalinrsquos power increased
(why) ndash Vulnerable military because
leaders killed ndash 4 million people killed by
purges another 16 million ldquodisappearedrdquo or killed during other uprisings
THE COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE WARS
2 THE UNITED STATES
Globalization of the Economy
Begins
bull Economies turn from local production and consumption to a global market ndash Cheap raw materials from Latin
America Asia and Africa pour into Western Nations lowering production costs
ndash Farmers miners and others in this sector of the economy in Europe and United States see demand for their products and their economic stability slump
bull Unions fought and won higher wages for factory workers = higher price of products ndash Farmers Miners etc could no
longer afford industrial products ndash Factory production begins to
slump bull People ignore the signs
Roaring 20s of the US
bull Europersquos industry destroyed post world war
bull US steps in as leading world economic power ndash Name some new
inventions of the early 20th century
ndash Mass consumerism begins because they wanted them all
ndash Gimme that Plastic- Buying on Credit begins-Canrsquot pay right now No problem-buy now pay later
bull People believed there would be never ending prosperity in the United States ldquoThe USrsquos business is businessrdquo President Coolidge said
Women find new Freedom
bull Showed they were strong and independent during War Time Economy ndash Gained right to vote in US
in 1920 bull New inventions freed up
time ndash Vacuums for Floors ndash Dishwashers for plates
bull Now what will these housewives do ndash Flappers Women pushed
up their hemlines chopped off their hair began going out at night without their fathers or older brothers and more women got college educations
Chief Check 59 1 What was the Kellog-Briand Pact 2 Why did the US not join the League of Nations
(we discussed this last unit it is not in your notes- use the political cartoon to the right)
3 How did Stalinrsquos economic plan differ from that of Leninrsquos
4 How did the peasantrsquos react to Stalinrsquos agricultural plan
5 What are the ldquoShow Trialsrdquo of Stalin 6 What caused the demand for raw materials in the
US to go down thus causing less people to buy industrial products because they couldnrsquot afford them leading industrial production to decrease as well
A Great Purge B Black Tuesday C Collectives D Totalitarianism E Globalization
7 How did new inventions give women more freedom
8 What is a flapper
bull All people wanted a piece of the booming 20rsquos Stock Market
bull Speculation ndash Buying stocks believing
they would go up and up ndash Like their refrigerators
people bought these stocks by ldquomargin buyingrdquo- paid for part and rich stock brokers paid for the rest with interest bull Uncertainty in the market
in autumn of 1929 lead Brokers to ask these investors to pay NOW
bull Only way to pay at this time was to sell their stocks bringing the market further down
bull PANIC set in More and more people continued to sell to salvage what they could
The Crash of bdquo29
Great Depression Begins
bull Video
bull Government Reaction ndash President Hoover stuck
to firm capitalist viewhelliphow should the government intervene in this slumping economy Did this help
ndash Franklin D Roosevelt elected in 1932 stated government MUST TAKE ACTION bull Creates his New Deal of
the 3 Rrsquos Relief Recovery and Reform
What do you call this
FDR‟s New Deal bull Relief
ndash Subsidies to farmers suffering from The Dust Bowl and sinking production
ndash Unemployment Benefits
bull Recovery ndash Public Works Programs
Funded government paid jobs to build roads museums parks bridges schools
bull Reform ndash Deposits at Banks
ensured by government ndash Social Security benefits
for retirement and disability
Houses were shut tight and cloth wedged around doors and windows but the dust came in so thinly that it could not be seen in the air and it settled like pollen on the chairs and tables on the dishes ~ Grapes of Wrath
Global Economic Crisis bull How were European economies after WWI
ndash American Banks crashing during 1930rsquos and stopped loaning to foreign governments
ndash US government demanded the Europeans repay their war debthellipbut unable
bull US tried to compensate by raising tariffs (which are) ndash Backfired-others raised their tariffs to
compensatehellipshutting each other out of the global market
THE COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE WARS
3 CHINA AND JAPAN
After the Open Door Policy
bull How was Chinarsquos Republic after it was open to trade
bull 1912 Became a military state-warlords took advantage of local communities fighting and famine throughout China
bull What did Japan get from the Treaty of Versailles (reason they entered) ndash Japan seeks greater power to
make China a protectorate (internally free internationally a territory of another country)
Japan After the War
bull Control by Emperor Hirohito 1926 ndash Became the China of
the 19th Century (all goods made in Japan using cheap labor)
ndash Nationalism rose over the ldquoYellow Perilrdquo (which is)
ndash Military domination in the government by 1937 bull Children were taught
ldquoThe Way of the Subjectsrdquo or how they were to give total obedience to the government and emperor
Japan Invades China
bull Manchurian Incident ndash Blew up their own
Japanese railroad line in Manchuria China-blamed Chinese
ndash 1931 Japan invaded Manchuria bull Leaders of China ignore
and continue fighting each other
bull 1937 Japan Bombs major cities such as Beijing
bull Rape of Nanjing ndash Japanese enter city killing
hundreds of thousands brutalizing thousands more (video)
THE COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE WARS 4 ITALY
Effects of WWI on Italy
bull Disappointed Why ndash Nationalism soared
bull Veterans and peasants in
economic ruin
bull Constant uprising and
need for strong control
Fascism bull Lead to the creation of
the Fascist Party by Benito Mussolini ndash Based on fasces
(sticks wrapped around an axe) the Roman symbol of authority
ndash Goal to create a non communist authoritarian government bull Glorifying action
violence discipline and absolute blind obedience to the state
bull Antidemocratic rejecting reason and equality
bull Echoed Expansion under idea of Social Darwinism (which is)
Mussolini‟s Italy
bull Given the Prime Minister position by King to avoid conflict
bull 1925 Seized more power called Il Duce (eel doochay) ndash Censorship ndash Secret Police ndash Corrupt elections given Fascist
leaders control bull Fascist party members
(individually) controlled business not the government
bull Men called to ruthless military duty
bull Women called to motherhood bull Strict military style education
glorifying Rome and Italy
THE COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE WARS 5 GERMANY
Review Effects of the Treaty of Versailles
bull In 1919 created a democratic Weimar Republic
bull Who was blamed for WWI bull What did they have to pay
ndash Reparations killing economy bull What important economic areas did
they lose ndash Coal rich industrial towns no longer in
their control bull Answer to economic problem Print
More Money Why is this a problem ndash Principle of Supply and Demand-Supply
high value lessons ndash Leads to massive inflation
bull Look for scapegoats-some blamed the Jewish people (why)
Dawes Plan bull World Rallied to
help Weimer Republic ndash France
withdrew from Coal rich Ruhr Valley
ndash US France and Britain lower reparations payments
bull Recovered but then killed again by Great Depression
Rise of Adolf Hitler
bull 1920 National Socialist German Workers party created (Nazirsquos-not socialists at all) ndash NOT SOCIALIST-
FACIST (what is this)
bull Urged Germans all over the world to unite and expand
bull Demanded Germany needed a strong leader or Fuhrer
Mein Kampf bull Published Mein Kampf
ldquoMy Strugglerdquo 1925 ndash Outlines Nazi ideology
and goals bull Extreme Nationalism bull Superiority of the Germans
Throw off the chains of the Treaty of Versailles and create a world dominated by the superior German Aryan Race
bull Anti-Semitism (what is it) ndashBelief Jews were conspiring to overthrow the government states that the gassing of thousands of Jews would mean that the sacrifice of millions of soldiers will not be in vain
Hitler‟s Democratic Take-over bull What 2 main circumstances in Germany played into Hitlerrsquos rise
bull Promised to end reparations create jobs and arm Germany for the
future
bull Nazis gained more and more legislative seats
bull By the democratic process Hitler elected Chancellor (leader) in 1933
bull Took 1 year to suspend civil rights and disbanded all opposing
political parties executing any party members he believed were
disloyal (speech)
Hitler‟s Third Reich
bull Why the Third Reich bull Totalitarianism
ndash Power by what means bull Economic
ndash Public Works programs (which are) bull Highways trains housing bull Rebuilt industry through arms
development bull Employment soaredhellipthe people
cheered
bull Social Policy ndash Hitler Youth indoctrinated with
racism and absolute loyalty ndash Censorship toward pure German
Society (burned books propaganda) ndash Pure Aryan women rewarded for
having babies turned away from universities and upper level positions
Cultural Purge
bull Churches Close ndash Hitler Christianity
ldquoweakrdquo ndash All Protestant
faiths combined into a state church indoctrinating Aryan superiority
ndash Some Catholic churches closed if spoke out against Nazi regime
Nuremberg Laws 1935
bull Laws stated Jewish people could NOT
bull Marry non Jews
bull Attend or teach in German
schools
bull Hold Government positions
bull Practice Law or Medicine
bull Publish Books
bull Urged the unprovoked
beatings of Jewish people in public ndash Effect many German Jews like Albert Einstein fled
Night of the Broken Glass ldquoKristallnachtrdquo
bull November 7 1938 a young Jew who had watched his parents be mistreated in Germany shot a German diplomat in Paris ndash From article Specifically
why was Grynszpan mad ndash Goebbels and Hitler want
who to rise up and attack the Jewish people Did this happen Who did
bull Hitler reacted by attacking Jewish communities (called) ndash Destroyed buildings burned
synagogues and dragged Jewish people into the street for public beatings
World Reaction
bull World swiftly and negatively reacted to The Night of the Broken Glass
bull Hitlerrsquos response ndash Make the Jewish people
pay for the damage ndash Increase his campaign by
forcing them into concentration camps (what are these)
ndash Began plotting his ldquofinal solutionrdquo (which was)
ldquoWork makes one Freerdquo
bull ldquoThe Nazis came first for the Communists But I wasnrsquot Communist so I didnrsquot speak up Then they came for the Jews but I wasnrsquot a Jew so I didnrsquot speak uphellipThen they came for the unionists but I was a Protestant so I didnrsquot speak up Then they came for me By that time there was no one left to speak uprdquo ndash Lutheran Minister Martin Niemoller
bull What lesson can be learned from this
Critical Thinking
bull Find 6 similarities between the Totalitarian
States of the USSR Italy and Germany
APPEASING THE ENEMY
Policy of Appeasement 1936 bull Appeasement Giving
into the demands of aggressors in order to keep peace ndash West did everything from
weak sanctions to ignoring aggressive behavior to avoid War bull Italy invaded Ethiopia
1935 ndash League of Nations (whorsquos
involved) passed economic sanctions but couldnrsquot enforce them
bull 1936 Germans invaded the Rhineland (demilitarized no manrsquos land protecting France from Germany)
ndash France and Britain turn a blinds eye
ndash WHY
1935 US Passes Neutrality Acts
bull Neutrality Acts ndash US will not do the
following with
countries at war bull Sell arms
bull Loan money
bull Have Americans
travel on their ships
(why)
1936 The Axis of ldquoEvilrdquo
bull Germany Italy and
Japan form an
alliance to ldquoend
communismrdquo ndash Really an
agreement to NOT
stop each other
from expanding
1936 Spain falls to Fascist Franco with Nazi Germany‟s help
bull Germany bombs Guernica Spain as a dress rehearsal for their new war planes- 1600 innocent civilians were killed
A neutral Europe
bull On your map choose a color for countries that remained as neutral as humanly possible in this case Color and label the following (Good practice for the Map Quiz tomorrow) ndash Switzerland ndash Sweden ndash Republic of Ireland ndash Portugal ndash Spain
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Germany
ndash Italy
ndash Northern Africa
German Expansion
bull What were Hitlerrsquos goals ndash Unite Germans
everywhere ndash Create more living
space bull 1st Move 1938 Annex
Austria his birthplace (easily fell Europe did nothing)
bull 2nd Move 1938 Demand the annexation of the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia which was home to mostly Germans
ndash Munich Conference-Germany ldquopromisedrdquo to not invade any more land so Britain and France persuaded Czechs to surrender the territory
bull Soon to be Prime Minister of Great Britain (1940) Winston Churchill said of the decision ndash ldquoThey had to
chose between war or dishonor They chose dishonor they will have warrdquo
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Austria
ndash Czechoslovakia (Find Czech Republic and
Slovakia) Color them both in
Assignment bull Create your own political cartoon that
expresses the effects of Appeasement and Neutrality upon Europe ndash Create a Catchy Title and Write it on the Top
line in Marker ndash Draw the Picture in the box and COLOR and or
use BLACK MARKER to outline any pencil markshellipyou will not be graded on your drawing ability but you will be graded on your creativity use of historical information neatness overall effort and your ability to stay on task
ndash Sign the bottom
Nazi-Soviet Pact 1939
bull August nonaggression pact between Germany and Soviet Union signed ndash Would not fight if the
other went to war ndash Divide Poland and
Eastern Europe between them bull Soviets reason Gain
territory and time to build arms
bull Germany free to take Poland avoid a two front war (why)
The Poland Promise
bull Hitler didnrsquot stop at the Sudetenland and took more and more of Czechoslovakia
bull Britain and France accepted the failure of appeasement and promised to protect Poland Germany obvious next move ndash September 1939 Nazirsquos invade
Poland and Britain and France honor their agreement declaring war on Germany
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries that are Axis Controlled Color and label the following ndash Poland ndash Yugoslavia (Find Serbia color it all in) ndash Romania ndash Hungary ndash Bulgaria ndash Greece ndash Albania
THE BEGINNINGS OF WWII EARLY AXIS ACHIEVEMENTS
Nazi Blitzkrieg
bull Blitzkrieg ldquoLightning Warrdquo ndash German strategy to
do a series of quick constant attacks to keep the enemy from easily responding bull Easily took Norway
Denmark Netherlands Belgium sites set on France
The Fall of France
bull British troops were evacuated bull German Attacked from the
North bull Italy from the South bull Outnumbered and
demoralized France Falls ndash June 1940 forced to
surrender in the same place Germany was forced to sign the Treaty of Versailles
ndash French officers including Charles de Gaulle escaped to Britain to plan liberation
ndash French continued guerrilla warfare against the Axis powers
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Denmark
ndash Norway
ndash Netherlands
ndash Belgium
ndash France
Operation Sea Lion
bull Battle of Britain-Failure of the Blitz ndash Winston Churchill ldquoWe
shall never surrenderrdquo ndash August 1940 first bombs
by German plains bull 57 Day campaign of
bombing London bull People defiantly
continued their lives 15000 people lost their lives Parliament still met King and Queen went to bomb shelters with citizens
ndash May 1941 Hitler calls it a failure and calls a new strategy
Operation Barbarossa History Repeats itself
bull June 1941 Turned sites on Soviet Union ndash Caught Stalin off guard
leading to the death of 2 frac12 million soldiers in 6 months (Why) bull Nazi-Soviet Pact bull Many top officers assassinated
during Stalinrsquos purge ndash Soviets turned to burning
crops and animals destroying cities to avoid Germans taking them bull Called bull Scorched Earth Policy bull So also like Napoleon what
happens when winter comes
Siege of Leningrad lasts 2 frac12 years bull Millions die of hunger Britain reemerges to help
Soviets with creating a 2 Front War on Germany
US‟s 1941 1 Sided Neutrality
bull Lend-Lease Act FDR can lend war materials to any country whose defense the president thinks is vital to keeping the US safe ndash ldquoArsenal of democracyrdquo lend arms to those fighting for freedom ndash Meaning who in this war
bull Atlantic Charter secret meeting between Churchill and FDR- destroy Nazis people right to chose how they are governed
ldquoA Date which will remain in infamyrdquo
bull Japan is creating a growing Pacific Empire
bull Under Atlantic Charter US stops providing war materials to JapanhellipWhy
bull Japan mad-General Tojo orders attacks on American Military Fleet in Pearl Harbor
bull December 7 1941 declares war on Japan
bull December 11 rest of Axis powers declare war on US
bull Beginning of 1942-Axis powers at their height of control
EUROPEAN SUCCESS
Distrustful Allies
bull Stalin Churchill and FDR distrust each other ndash Stalin fearful Churchill
and FDR deliberately delaying the beginning of Western Front war to weaken Communism
ndash Roosevelt leery Churchill will want to expand British Imperial power
The Side Effects of Total War
bull Allies began Total War (meaning) ndash Men drafted to war ndash Propaganda
bull Posters news broadcasts everything showed the evils of Japanese and Germans Rosie the Riveter pics urged women into factories
ndash Effects ndash Women urged to do their part by
kicking off their dresses and working in factories building war materials
ndash Rationing of food and war materials ndash 1942 Japanese Americans lost their jobs
property and rights by being interned in camps because of fear they were loyal to Japan
bull Began attack in Northern Africa ndash Forced surrender of
Axis army in Northern Africa in May 1943
ndash Staging ground for invasion of Italy
bull Invaded Italy in July 1943
bull Defeated Mussolini by August 1943 ndash Mussolini overthrown
bull Germany weakened by having to fight Allies in Italy to save Mussolini
Northern Africa to Italy
Aug 1942 Battle of Stalingrad
bull 1942 Hitler still stalled outside Leningrad switch to oil rich Stalingrad in the South ndash Germans surrounded
city ndash Soviets from North
surrounded Germans ndash Fought street by street
house by house bull Early 1943 Germans
surrendered and were pushed out of USSR by Aug 1944
D-Day
bull 1944 US General Eisenhower prepared to open second European Front ndash Bombed German factories
cities and aircraft to weaken army
bull June 6 1944 Paratroopers dropped into France at dawn soldiers stormed the beaches of Normandy France others entered through Italy French resisted from inside Paris
bull All of France free by September 1944
Hitler‟s Last Stand
bull Battle of the Bulge Dec 1944- Battle in Ardennes Mts Of Belgium ndash Offensive by Germans to
split the Allied army in half ndash Initially successful but
Allies prevailed pushing into Germany bull April 1945 Americans meet
Soviets at Elbe River bull Mussolini assassinated Hitler
committed suicide and European conflict officially over on VE Day May 8 1945 (Victory in Europe)
WAR IN THE PACIFIC
Bataan Death March
bull May 1942 Japan takes
control of US Phillipines ndash Forced 75000 American
soldiers and Filipino
civilians on a 68 mile
march to remove the
enemy forces from areas
around their next area of
attack bull Starved beaten tortured
murdered
Island Hopping Campaign bull General McArthur
successful at The Battle of Midway in June 1942 ndash Began hopping from
Island to Island retaking Japanese controlled lands
bull British fighting in Burma and Malaya staged from which colony ndash McArthur had vowed to
return to help Philippines Oct 1944 kept promise
Gloom in the Pacific
bull 1945 war in Europe over
all resources into Pacific
but Japan still strong and ndash Japanese began Kamikaze
missions (which are)
ndash Japanese fought to the
death rather than surrender
at Iwo Jima and Okinawa
bull Success seemed far way
The Allies Choice
bull Planned an invasion of Japan but fearful of Allied casualties
bull July 1945 International group of scientists completed the Manhattan Project successfully testing an atomic bomb in what State
bull President Harry Truman (what happened to FDR) gives Emperor Hirohito an ultimatum surrender or face ldquoutter and complete destructionrdquo-Japan ignores
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
bull August 6 1945-Atomic bomb instantly kills 70000 Japanese citizens Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 8 1945-Soviets declare war and invade Manchuria Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 9 1945-US bomb Nagasaki- atomic bomb instantly kills 40000 Japanese
bull August 10th Hirohito forces Japanese military to surrender officially ending the war in September
Atomic Bomb Debate
bull Should the US have dropped the bombs
Why or Why not ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against the use
of atomic bombs to end WWII
ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against keeping
or destroying all atomic bombs now
Effects of the War
bull Mass Casualties ndash 75 million people total
bull 22 million in the Soviet Union alone (most)
bull Nuremberg Trials ndash Axis powers tried for
Crimes against humanity bull 142 Germans and
Austrians (many Nazi leaders) tried and sentenced to death for their associations with the Holocaust
bull Similar trials in Japan for what actions
ndash Served to show military could be held responsible for their actions exposed the horrors of fascists and dictators hoping to secure a place for democracy
Holocaust Facts
bull 6 million Jews 4 million more gypsies Slavic peoples homosexuals or physically handicapped systematically killed
bull Millions more enslaved in work camps used for medical experiments
bull Jews and others fought back ndash Destroyed gas
chambers ndash Hid Jewish people ndash Denmark and Bulgaria
managed to save almost their entire Jewish population
Denmark‟s Jews
bull Niels Bohr (Danish physicist contracted to work on The Manhattan Project in US) snuck out of Denmark to Neutral Sweden for safe passage to US when arrived in Sweden refused to leave to the US until they agreed to offer asylum to all the Danish Jews All Jews were quietly snuck out of Denmark with the help of the failing Danish government and ordinary citizens who had been hiding them during the German occupation
United Nations
bull April 1945 50 nations created the UN Charter in San Francisco
bull 5 permanent members of the Security Council US Britain France Soviet Union (now Russia) and China ndash Can veto the decisions of the others-all must agree in order
to take action often a weakness for the organization bull Dedicated to keeping World Peace through international
peace keeping missions ndash Work towards strengthening education preventing disease
poverty and hunger bull Relies upon local governments for coordination-often
leading to inefficiencies when the governments are the ones creating the problems
Extra Credit Assignment
bull Pretend you are President Harry Truman trying to convince the US Congress to allow the US the join the United Nations since they wanted to stay out of the League of Nations years previously Write a 12 sentence speech convincing Congress to join using what you have learned from WWII and create a propaganda poster to support your speech
bull Due the Day we return from Christmas Break-Will replace a quiz grade with a 100 if done well
The Great Purge
bull ldquoShow Trialsrdquo ndash Public tortures of party
activists war heroes mangers writers citizens forcing them to confess to crimes of counter revolution or not meeting production goals
bull Effects ndash Stalinrsquos power increased
(why) ndash Vulnerable military because
leaders killed ndash 4 million people killed by
purges another 16 million ldquodisappearedrdquo or killed during other uprisings
THE COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE WARS
2 THE UNITED STATES
Globalization of the Economy
Begins
bull Economies turn from local production and consumption to a global market ndash Cheap raw materials from Latin
America Asia and Africa pour into Western Nations lowering production costs
ndash Farmers miners and others in this sector of the economy in Europe and United States see demand for their products and their economic stability slump
bull Unions fought and won higher wages for factory workers = higher price of products ndash Farmers Miners etc could no
longer afford industrial products ndash Factory production begins to
slump bull People ignore the signs
Roaring 20s of the US
bull Europersquos industry destroyed post world war
bull US steps in as leading world economic power ndash Name some new
inventions of the early 20th century
ndash Mass consumerism begins because they wanted them all
ndash Gimme that Plastic- Buying on Credit begins-Canrsquot pay right now No problem-buy now pay later
bull People believed there would be never ending prosperity in the United States ldquoThe USrsquos business is businessrdquo President Coolidge said
Women find new Freedom
bull Showed they were strong and independent during War Time Economy ndash Gained right to vote in US
in 1920 bull New inventions freed up
time ndash Vacuums for Floors ndash Dishwashers for plates
bull Now what will these housewives do ndash Flappers Women pushed
up their hemlines chopped off their hair began going out at night without their fathers or older brothers and more women got college educations
Chief Check 59 1 What was the Kellog-Briand Pact 2 Why did the US not join the League of Nations
(we discussed this last unit it is not in your notes- use the political cartoon to the right)
3 How did Stalinrsquos economic plan differ from that of Leninrsquos
4 How did the peasantrsquos react to Stalinrsquos agricultural plan
5 What are the ldquoShow Trialsrdquo of Stalin 6 What caused the demand for raw materials in the
US to go down thus causing less people to buy industrial products because they couldnrsquot afford them leading industrial production to decrease as well
A Great Purge B Black Tuesday C Collectives D Totalitarianism E Globalization
7 How did new inventions give women more freedom
8 What is a flapper
bull All people wanted a piece of the booming 20rsquos Stock Market
bull Speculation ndash Buying stocks believing
they would go up and up ndash Like their refrigerators
people bought these stocks by ldquomargin buyingrdquo- paid for part and rich stock brokers paid for the rest with interest bull Uncertainty in the market
in autumn of 1929 lead Brokers to ask these investors to pay NOW
bull Only way to pay at this time was to sell their stocks bringing the market further down
bull PANIC set in More and more people continued to sell to salvage what they could
The Crash of bdquo29
Great Depression Begins
bull Video
bull Government Reaction ndash President Hoover stuck
to firm capitalist viewhelliphow should the government intervene in this slumping economy Did this help
ndash Franklin D Roosevelt elected in 1932 stated government MUST TAKE ACTION bull Creates his New Deal of
the 3 Rrsquos Relief Recovery and Reform
What do you call this
FDR‟s New Deal bull Relief
ndash Subsidies to farmers suffering from The Dust Bowl and sinking production
ndash Unemployment Benefits
bull Recovery ndash Public Works Programs
Funded government paid jobs to build roads museums parks bridges schools
bull Reform ndash Deposits at Banks
ensured by government ndash Social Security benefits
for retirement and disability
Houses were shut tight and cloth wedged around doors and windows but the dust came in so thinly that it could not be seen in the air and it settled like pollen on the chairs and tables on the dishes ~ Grapes of Wrath
Global Economic Crisis bull How were European economies after WWI
ndash American Banks crashing during 1930rsquos and stopped loaning to foreign governments
ndash US government demanded the Europeans repay their war debthellipbut unable
bull US tried to compensate by raising tariffs (which are) ndash Backfired-others raised their tariffs to
compensatehellipshutting each other out of the global market
THE COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE WARS
3 CHINA AND JAPAN
After the Open Door Policy
bull How was Chinarsquos Republic after it was open to trade
bull 1912 Became a military state-warlords took advantage of local communities fighting and famine throughout China
bull What did Japan get from the Treaty of Versailles (reason they entered) ndash Japan seeks greater power to
make China a protectorate (internally free internationally a territory of another country)
Japan After the War
bull Control by Emperor Hirohito 1926 ndash Became the China of
the 19th Century (all goods made in Japan using cheap labor)
ndash Nationalism rose over the ldquoYellow Perilrdquo (which is)
ndash Military domination in the government by 1937 bull Children were taught
ldquoThe Way of the Subjectsrdquo or how they were to give total obedience to the government and emperor
Japan Invades China
bull Manchurian Incident ndash Blew up their own
Japanese railroad line in Manchuria China-blamed Chinese
ndash 1931 Japan invaded Manchuria bull Leaders of China ignore
and continue fighting each other
bull 1937 Japan Bombs major cities such as Beijing
bull Rape of Nanjing ndash Japanese enter city killing
hundreds of thousands brutalizing thousands more (video)
THE COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE WARS 4 ITALY
Effects of WWI on Italy
bull Disappointed Why ndash Nationalism soared
bull Veterans and peasants in
economic ruin
bull Constant uprising and
need for strong control
Fascism bull Lead to the creation of
the Fascist Party by Benito Mussolini ndash Based on fasces
(sticks wrapped around an axe) the Roman symbol of authority
ndash Goal to create a non communist authoritarian government bull Glorifying action
violence discipline and absolute blind obedience to the state
bull Antidemocratic rejecting reason and equality
bull Echoed Expansion under idea of Social Darwinism (which is)
Mussolini‟s Italy
bull Given the Prime Minister position by King to avoid conflict
bull 1925 Seized more power called Il Duce (eel doochay) ndash Censorship ndash Secret Police ndash Corrupt elections given Fascist
leaders control bull Fascist party members
(individually) controlled business not the government
bull Men called to ruthless military duty
bull Women called to motherhood bull Strict military style education
glorifying Rome and Italy
THE COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE WARS 5 GERMANY
Review Effects of the Treaty of Versailles
bull In 1919 created a democratic Weimar Republic
bull Who was blamed for WWI bull What did they have to pay
ndash Reparations killing economy bull What important economic areas did
they lose ndash Coal rich industrial towns no longer in
their control bull Answer to economic problem Print
More Money Why is this a problem ndash Principle of Supply and Demand-Supply
high value lessons ndash Leads to massive inflation
bull Look for scapegoats-some blamed the Jewish people (why)
Dawes Plan bull World Rallied to
help Weimer Republic ndash France
withdrew from Coal rich Ruhr Valley
ndash US France and Britain lower reparations payments
bull Recovered but then killed again by Great Depression
Rise of Adolf Hitler
bull 1920 National Socialist German Workers party created (Nazirsquos-not socialists at all) ndash NOT SOCIALIST-
FACIST (what is this)
bull Urged Germans all over the world to unite and expand
bull Demanded Germany needed a strong leader or Fuhrer
Mein Kampf bull Published Mein Kampf
ldquoMy Strugglerdquo 1925 ndash Outlines Nazi ideology
and goals bull Extreme Nationalism bull Superiority of the Germans
Throw off the chains of the Treaty of Versailles and create a world dominated by the superior German Aryan Race
bull Anti-Semitism (what is it) ndashBelief Jews were conspiring to overthrow the government states that the gassing of thousands of Jews would mean that the sacrifice of millions of soldiers will not be in vain
Hitler‟s Democratic Take-over bull What 2 main circumstances in Germany played into Hitlerrsquos rise
bull Promised to end reparations create jobs and arm Germany for the
future
bull Nazis gained more and more legislative seats
bull By the democratic process Hitler elected Chancellor (leader) in 1933
bull Took 1 year to suspend civil rights and disbanded all opposing
political parties executing any party members he believed were
disloyal (speech)
Hitler‟s Third Reich
bull Why the Third Reich bull Totalitarianism
ndash Power by what means bull Economic
ndash Public Works programs (which are) bull Highways trains housing bull Rebuilt industry through arms
development bull Employment soaredhellipthe people
cheered
bull Social Policy ndash Hitler Youth indoctrinated with
racism and absolute loyalty ndash Censorship toward pure German
Society (burned books propaganda) ndash Pure Aryan women rewarded for
having babies turned away from universities and upper level positions
Cultural Purge
bull Churches Close ndash Hitler Christianity
ldquoweakrdquo ndash All Protestant
faiths combined into a state church indoctrinating Aryan superiority
ndash Some Catholic churches closed if spoke out against Nazi regime
Nuremberg Laws 1935
bull Laws stated Jewish people could NOT
bull Marry non Jews
bull Attend or teach in German
schools
bull Hold Government positions
bull Practice Law or Medicine
bull Publish Books
bull Urged the unprovoked
beatings of Jewish people in public ndash Effect many German Jews like Albert Einstein fled
Night of the Broken Glass ldquoKristallnachtrdquo
bull November 7 1938 a young Jew who had watched his parents be mistreated in Germany shot a German diplomat in Paris ndash From article Specifically
why was Grynszpan mad ndash Goebbels and Hitler want
who to rise up and attack the Jewish people Did this happen Who did
bull Hitler reacted by attacking Jewish communities (called) ndash Destroyed buildings burned
synagogues and dragged Jewish people into the street for public beatings
World Reaction
bull World swiftly and negatively reacted to The Night of the Broken Glass
bull Hitlerrsquos response ndash Make the Jewish people
pay for the damage ndash Increase his campaign by
forcing them into concentration camps (what are these)
ndash Began plotting his ldquofinal solutionrdquo (which was)
ldquoWork makes one Freerdquo
bull ldquoThe Nazis came first for the Communists But I wasnrsquot Communist so I didnrsquot speak up Then they came for the Jews but I wasnrsquot a Jew so I didnrsquot speak uphellipThen they came for the unionists but I was a Protestant so I didnrsquot speak up Then they came for me By that time there was no one left to speak uprdquo ndash Lutheran Minister Martin Niemoller
bull What lesson can be learned from this
Critical Thinking
bull Find 6 similarities between the Totalitarian
States of the USSR Italy and Germany
APPEASING THE ENEMY
Policy of Appeasement 1936 bull Appeasement Giving
into the demands of aggressors in order to keep peace ndash West did everything from
weak sanctions to ignoring aggressive behavior to avoid War bull Italy invaded Ethiopia
1935 ndash League of Nations (whorsquos
involved) passed economic sanctions but couldnrsquot enforce them
bull 1936 Germans invaded the Rhineland (demilitarized no manrsquos land protecting France from Germany)
ndash France and Britain turn a blinds eye
ndash WHY
1935 US Passes Neutrality Acts
bull Neutrality Acts ndash US will not do the
following with
countries at war bull Sell arms
bull Loan money
bull Have Americans
travel on their ships
(why)
1936 The Axis of ldquoEvilrdquo
bull Germany Italy and
Japan form an
alliance to ldquoend
communismrdquo ndash Really an
agreement to NOT
stop each other
from expanding
1936 Spain falls to Fascist Franco with Nazi Germany‟s help
bull Germany bombs Guernica Spain as a dress rehearsal for their new war planes- 1600 innocent civilians were killed
A neutral Europe
bull On your map choose a color for countries that remained as neutral as humanly possible in this case Color and label the following (Good practice for the Map Quiz tomorrow) ndash Switzerland ndash Sweden ndash Republic of Ireland ndash Portugal ndash Spain
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Germany
ndash Italy
ndash Northern Africa
German Expansion
bull What were Hitlerrsquos goals ndash Unite Germans
everywhere ndash Create more living
space bull 1st Move 1938 Annex
Austria his birthplace (easily fell Europe did nothing)
bull 2nd Move 1938 Demand the annexation of the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia which was home to mostly Germans
ndash Munich Conference-Germany ldquopromisedrdquo to not invade any more land so Britain and France persuaded Czechs to surrender the territory
bull Soon to be Prime Minister of Great Britain (1940) Winston Churchill said of the decision ndash ldquoThey had to
chose between war or dishonor They chose dishonor they will have warrdquo
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Austria
ndash Czechoslovakia (Find Czech Republic and
Slovakia) Color them both in
Assignment bull Create your own political cartoon that
expresses the effects of Appeasement and Neutrality upon Europe ndash Create a Catchy Title and Write it on the Top
line in Marker ndash Draw the Picture in the box and COLOR and or
use BLACK MARKER to outline any pencil markshellipyou will not be graded on your drawing ability but you will be graded on your creativity use of historical information neatness overall effort and your ability to stay on task
ndash Sign the bottom
Nazi-Soviet Pact 1939
bull August nonaggression pact between Germany and Soviet Union signed ndash Would not fight if the
other went to war ndash Divide Poland and
Eastern Europe between them bull Soviets reason Gain
territory and time to build arms
bull Germany free to take Poland avoid a two front war (why)
The Poland Promise
bull Hitler didnrsquot stop at the Sudetenland and took more and more of Czechoslovakia
bull Britain and France accepted the failure of appeasement and promised to protect Poland Germany obvious next move ndash September 1939 Nazirsquos invade
Poland and Britain and France honor their agreement declaring war on Germany
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries that are Axis Controlled Color and label the following ndash Poland ndash Yugoslavia (Find Serbia color it all in) ndash Romania ndash Hungary ndash Bulgaria ndash Greece ndash Albania
THE BEGINNINGS OF WWII EARLY AXIS ACHIEVEMENTS
Nazi Blitzkrieg
bull Blitzkrieg ldquoLightning Warrdquo ndash German strategy to
do a series of quick constant attacks to keep the enemy from easily responding bull Easily took Norway
Denmark Netherlands Belgium sites set on France
The Fall of France
bull British troops were evacuated bull German Attacked from the
North bull Italy from the South bull Outnumbered and
demoralized France Falls ndash June 1940 forced to
surrender in the same place Germany was forced to sign the Treaty of Versailles
ndash French officers including Charles de Gaulle escaped to Britain to plan liberation
ndash French continued guerrilla warfare against the Axis powers
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Denmark
ndash Norway
ndash Netherlands
ndash Belgium
ndash France
Operation Sea Lion
bull Battle of Britain-Failure of the Blitz ndash Winston Churchill ldquoWe
shall never surrenderrdquo ndash August 1940 first bombs
by German plains bull 57 Day campaign of
bombing London bull People defiantly
continued their lives 15000 people lost their lives Parliament still met King and Queen went to bomb shelters with citizens
ndash May 1941 Hitler calls it a failure and calls a new strategy
Operation Barbarossa History Repeats itself
bull June 1941 Turned sites on Soviet Union ndash Caught Stalin off guard
leading to the death of 2 frac12 million soldiers in 6 months (Why) bull Nazi-Soviet Pact bull Many top officers assassinated
during Stalinrsquos purge ndash Soviets turned to burning
crops and animals destroying cities to avoid Germans taking them bull Called bull Scorched Earth Policy bull So also like Napoleon what
happens when winter comes
Siege of Leningrad lasts 2 frac12 years bull Millions die of hunger Britain reemerges to help
Soviets with creating a 2 Front War on Germany
US‟s 1941 1 Sided Neutrality
bull Lend-Lease Act FDR can lend war materials to any country whose defense the president thinks is vital to keeping the US safe ndash ldquoArsenal of democracyrdquo lend arms to those fighting for freedom ndash Meaning who in this war
bull Atlantic Charter secret meeting between Churchill and FDR- destroy Nazis people right to chose how they are governed
ldquoA Date which will remain in infamyrdquo
bull Japan is creating a growing Pacific Empire
bull Under Atlantic Charter US stops providing war materials to JapanhellipWhy
bull Japan mad-General Tojo orders attacks on American Military Fleet in Pearl Harbor
bull December 7 1941 declares war on Japan
bull December 11 rest of Axis powers declare war on US
bull Beginning of 1942-Axis powers at their height of control
EUROPEAN SUCCESS
Distrustful Allies
bull Stalin Churchill and FDR distrust each other ndash Stalin fearful Churchill
and FDR deliberately delaying the beginning of Western Front war to weaken Communism
ndash Roosevelt leery Churchill will want to expand British Imperial power
The Side Effects of Total War
bull Allies began Total War (meaning) ndash Men drafted to war ndash Propaganda
bull Posters news broadcasts everything showed the evils of Japanese and Germans Rosie the Riveter pics urged women into factories
ndash Effects ndash Women urged to do their part by
kicking off their dresses and working in factories building war materials
ndash Rationing of food and war materials ndash 1942 Japanese Americans lost their jobs
property and rights by being interned in camps because of fear they were loyal to Japan
bull Began attack in Northern Africa ndash Forced surrender of
Axis army in Northern Africa in May 1943
ndash Staging ground for invasion of Italy
bull Invaded Italy in July 1943
bull Defeated Mussolini by August 1943 ndash Mussolini overthrown
bull Germany weakened by having to fight Allies in Italy to save Mussolini
Northern Africa to Italy
Aug 1942 Battle of Stalingrad
bull 1942 Hitler still stalled outside Leningrad switch to oil rich Stalingrad in the South ndash Germans surrounded
city ndash Soviets from North
surrounded Germans ndash Fought street by street
house by house bull Early 1943 Germans
surrendered and were pushed out of USSR by Aug 1944
D-Day
bull 1944 US General Eisenhower prepared to open second European Front ndash Bombed German factories
cities and aircraft to weaken army
bull June 6 1944 Paratroopers dropped into France at dawn soldiers stormed the beaches of Normandy France others entered through Italy French resisted from inside Paris
bull All of France free by September 1944
Hitler‟s Last Stand
bull Battle of the Bulge Dec 1944- Battle in Ardennes Mts Of Belgium ndash Offensive by Germans to
split the Allied army in half ndash Initially successful but
Allies prevailed pushing into Germany bull April 1945 Americans meet
Soviets at Elbe River bull Mussolini assassinated Hitler
committed suicide and European conflict officially over on VE Day May 8 1945 (Victory in Europe)
WAR IN THE PACIFIC
Bataan Death March
bull May 1942 Japan takes
control of US Phillipines ndash Forced 75000 American
soldiers and Filipino
civilians on a 68 mile
march to remove the
enemy forces from areas
around their next area of
attack bull Starved beaten tortured
murdered
Island Hopping Campaign bull General McArthur
successful at The Battle of Midway in June 1942 ndash Began hopping from
Island to Island retaking Japanese controlled lands
bull British fighting in Burma and Malaya staged from which colony ndash McArthur had vowed to
return to help Philippines Oct 1944 kept promise
Gloom in the Pacific
bull 1945 war in Europe over
all resources into Pacific
but Japan still strong and ndash Japanese began Kamikaze
missions (which are)
ndash Japanese fought to the
death rather than surrender
at Iwo Jima and Okinawa
bull Success seemed far way
The Allies Choice
bull Planned an invasion of Japan but fearful of Allied casualties
bull July 1945 International group of scientists completed the Manhattan Project successfully testing an atomic bomb in what State
bull President Harry Truman (what happened to FDR) gives Emperor Hirohito an ultimatum surrender or face ldquoutter and complete destructionrdquo-Japan ignores
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
bull August 6 1945-Atomic bomb instantly kills 70000 Japanese citizens Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 8 1945-Soviets declare war and invade Manchuria Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 9 1945-US bomb Nagasaki- atomic bomb instantly kills 40000 Japanese
bull August 10th Hirohito forces Japanese military to surrender officially ending the war in September
Atomic Bomb Debate
bull Should the US have dropped the bombs
Why or Why not ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against the use
of atomic bombs to end WWII
ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against keeping
or destroying all atomic bombs now
Effects of the War
bull Mass Casualties ndash 75 million people total
bull 22 million in the Soviet Union alone (most)
bull Nuremberg Trials ndash Axis powers tried for
Crimes against humanity bull 142 Germans and
Austrians (many Nazi leaders) tried and sentenced to death for their associations with the Holocaust
bull Similar trials in Japan for what actions
ndash Served to show military could be held responsible for their actions exposed the horrors of fascists and dictators hoping to secure a place for democracy
Holocaust Facts
bull 6 million Jews 4 million more gypsies Slavic peoples homosexuals or physically handicapped systematically killed
bull Millions more enslaved in work camps used for medical experiments
bull Jews and others fought back ndash Destroyed gas
chambers ndash Hid Jewish people ndash Denmark and Bulgaria
managed to save almost their entire Jewish population
Denmark‟s Jews
bull Niels Bohr (Danish physicist contracted to work on The Manhattan Project in US) snuck out of Denmark to Neutral Sweden for safe passage to US when arrived in Sweden refused to leave to the US until they agreed to offer asylum to all the Danish Jews All Jews were quietly snuck out of Denmark with the help of the failing Danish government and ordinary citizens who had been hiding them during the German occupation
United Nations
bull April 1945 50 nations created the UN Charter in San Francisco
bull 5 permanent members of the Security Council US Britain France Soviet Union (now Russia) and China ndash Can veto the decisions of the others-all must agree in order
to take action often a weakness for the organization bull Dedicated to keeping World Peace through international
peace keeping missions ndash Work towards strengthening education preventing disease
poverty and hunger bull Relies upon local governments for coordination-often
leading to inefficiencies when the governments are the ones creating the problems
Extra Credit Assignment
bull Pretend you are President Harry Truman trying to convince the US Congress to allow the US the join the United Nations since they wanted to stay out of the League of Nations years previously Write a 12 sentence speech convincing Congress to join using what you have learned from WWII and create a propaganda poster to support your speech
bull Due the Day we return from Christmas Break-Will replace a quiz grade with a 100 if done well
THE COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE WARS
2 THE UNITED STATES
Globalization of the Economy
Begins
bull Economies turn from local production and consumption to a global market ndash Cheap raw materials from Latin
America Asia and Africa pour into Western Nations lowering production costs
ndash Farmers miners and others in this sector of the economy in Europe and United States see demand for their products and their economic stability slump
bull Unions fought and won higher wages for factory workers = higher price of products ndash Farmers Miners etc could no
longer afford industrial products ndash Factory production begins to
slump bull People ignore the signs
Roaring 20s of the US
bull Europersquos industry destroyed post world war
bull US steps in as leading world economic power ndash Name some new
inventions of the early 20th century
ndash Mass consumerism begins because they wanted them all
ndash Gimme that Plastic- Buying on Credit begins-Canrsquot pay right now No problem-buy now pay later
bull People believed there would be never ending prosperity in the United States ldquoThe USrsquos business is businessrdquo President Coolidge said
Women find new Freedom
bull Showed they were strong and independent during War Time Economy ndash Gained right to vote in US
in 1920 bull New inventions freed up
time ndash Vacuums for Floors ndash Dishwashers for plates
bull Now what will these housewives do ndash Flappers Women pushed
up their hemlines chopped off their hair began going out at night without their fathers or older brothers and more women got college educations
Chief Check 59 1 What was the Kellog-Briand Pact 2 Why did the US not join the League of Nations
(we discussed this last unit it is not in your notes- use the political cartoon to the right)
3 How did Stalinrsquos economic plan differ from that of Leninrsquos
4 How did the peasantrsquos react to Stalinrsquos agricultural plan
5 What are the ldquoShow Trialsrdquo of Stalin 6 What caused the demand for raw materials in the
US to go down thus causing less people to buy industrial products because they couldnrsquot afford them leading industrial production to decrease as well
A Great Purge B Black Tuesday C Collectives D Totalitarianism E Globalization
7 How did new inventions give women more freedom
8 What is a flapper
bull All people wanted a piece of the booming 20rsquos Stock Market
bull Speculation ndash Buying stocks believing
they would go up and up ndash Like their refrigerators
people bought these stocks by ldquomargin buyingrdquo- paid for part and rich stock brokers paid for the rest with interest bull Uncertainty in the market
in autumn of 1929 lead Brokers to ask these investors to pay NOW
bull Only way to pay at this time was to sell their stocks bringing the market further down
bull PANIC set in More and more people continued to sell to salvage what they could
The Crash of bdquo29
Great Depression Begins
bull Video
bull Government Reaction ndash President Hoover stuck
to firm capitalist viewhelliphow should the government intervene in this slumping economy Did this help
ndash Franklin D Roosevelt elected in 1932 stated government MUST TAKE ACTION bull Creates his New Deal of
the 3 Rrsquos Relief Recovery and Reform
What do you call this
FDR‟s New Deal bull Relief
ndash Subsidies to farmers suffering from The Dust Bowl and sinking production
ndash Unemployment Benefits
bull Recovery ndash Public Works Programs
Funded government paid jobs to build roads museums parks bridges schools
bull Reform ndash Deposits at Banks
ensured by government ndash Social Security benefits
for retirement and disability
Houses were shut tight and cloth wedged around doors and windows but the dust came in so thinly that it could not be seen in the air and it settled like pollen on the chairs and tables on the dishes ~ Grapes of Wrath
Global Economic Crisis bull How were European economies after WWI
ndash American Banks crashing during 1930rsquos and stopped loaning to foreign governments
ndash US government demanded the Europeans repay their war debthellipbut unable
bull US tried to compensate by raising tariffs (which are) ndash Backfired-others raised their tariffs to
compensatehellipshutting each other out of the global market
THE COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE WARS
3 CHINA AND JAPAN
After the Open Door Policy
bull How was Chinarsquos Republic after it was open to trade
bull 1912 Became a military state-warlords took advantage of local communities fighting and famine throughout China
bull What did Japan get from the Treaty of Versailles (reason they entered) ndash Japan seeks greater power to
make China a protectorate (internally free internationally a territory of another country)
Japan After the War
bull Control by Emperor Hirohito 1926 ndash Became the China of
the 19th Century (all goods made in Japan using cheap labor)
ndash Nationalism rose over the ldquoYellow Perilrdquo (which is)
ndash Military domination in the government by 1937 bull Children were taught
ldquoThe Way of the Subjectsrdquo or how they were to give total obedience to the government and emperor
Japan Invades China
bull Manchurian Incident ndash Blew up their own
Japanese railroad line in Manchuria China-blamed Chinese
ndash 1931 Japan invaded Manchuria bull Leaders of China ignore
and continue fighting each other
bull 1937 Japan Bombs major cities such as Beijing
bull Rape of Nanjing ndash Japanese enter city killing
hundreds of thousands brutalizing thousands more (video)
THE COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE WARS 4 ITALY
Effects of WWI on Italy
bull Disappointed Why ndash Nationalism soared
bull Veterans and peasants in
economic ruin
bull Constant uprising and
need for strong control
Fascism bull Lead to the creation of
the Fascist Party by Benito Mussolini ndash Based on fasces
(sticks wrapped around an axe) the Roman symbol of authority
ndash Goal to create a non communist authoritarian government bull Glorifying action
violence discipline and absolute blind obedience to the state
bull Antidemocratic rejecting reason and equality
bull Echoed Expansion under idea of Social Darwinism (which is)
Mussolini‟s Italy
bull Given the Prime Minister position by King to avoid conflict
bull 1925 Seized more power called Il Duce (eel doochay) ndash Censorship ndash Secret Police ndash Corrupt elections given Fascist
leaders control bull Fascist party members
(individually) controlled business not the government
bull Men called to ruthless military duty
bull Women called to motherhood bull Strict military style education
glorifying Rome and Italy
THE COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE WARS 5 GERMANY
Review Effects of the Treaty of Versailles
bull In 1919 created a democratic Weimar Republic
bull Who was blamed for WWI bull What did they have to pay
ndash Reparations killing economy bull What important economic areas did
they lose ndash Coal rich industrial towns no longer in
their control bull Answer to economic problem Print
More Money Why is this a problem ndash Principle of Supply and Demand-Supply
high value lessons ndash Leads to massive inflation
bull Look for scapegoats-some blamed the Jewish people (why)
Dawes Plan bull World Rallied to
help Weimer Republic ndash France
withdrew from Coal rich Ruhr Valley
ndash US France and Britain lower reparations payments
bull Recovered but then killed again by Great Depression
Rise of Adolf Hitler
bull 1920 National Socialist German Workers party created (Nazirsquos-not socialists at all) ndash NOT SOCIALIST-
FACIST (what is this)
bull Urged Germans all over the world to unite and expand
bull Demanded Germany needed a strong leader or Fuhrer
Mein Kampf bull Published Mein Kampf
ldquoMy Strugglerdquo 1925 ndash Outlines Nazi ideology
and goals bull Extreme Nationalism bull Superiority of the Germans
Throw off the chains of the Treaty of Versailles and create a world dominated by the superior German Aryan Race
bull Anti-Semitism (what is it) ndashBelief Jews were conspiring to overthrow the government states that the gassing of thousands of Jews would mean that the sacrifice of millions of soldiers will not be in vain
Hitler‟s Democratic Take-over bull What 2 main circumstances in Germany played into Hitlerrsquos rise
bull Promised to end reparations create jobs and arm Germany for the
future
bull Nazis gained more and more legislative seats
bull By the democratic process Hitler elected Chancellor (leader) in 1933
bull Took 1 year to suspend civil rights and disbanded all opposing
political parties executing any party members he believed were
disloyal (speech)
Hitler‟s Third Reich
bull Why the Third Reich bull Totalitarianism
ndash Power by what means bull Economic
ndash Public Works programs (which are) bull Highways trains housing bull Rebuilt industry through arms
development bull Employment soaredhellipthe people
cheered
bull Social Policy ndash Hitler Youth indoctrinated with
racism and absolute loyalty ndash Censorship toward pure German
Society (burned books propaganda) ndash Pure Aryan women rewarded for
having babies turned away from universities and upper level positions
Cultural Purge
bull Churches Close ndash Hitler Christianity
ldquoweakrdquo ndash All Protestant
faiths combined into a state church indoctrinating Aryan superiority
ndash Some Catholic churches closed if spoke out against Nazi regime
Nuremberg Laws 1935
bull Laws stated Jewish people could NOT
bull Marry non Jews
bull Attend or teach in German
schools
bull Hold Government positions
bull Practice Law or Medicine
bull Publish Books
bull Urged the unprovoked
beatings of Jewish people in public ndash Effect many German Jews like Albert Einstein fled
Night of the Broken Glass ldquoKristallnachtrdquo
bull November 7 1938 a young Jew who had watched his parents be mistreated in Germany shot a German diplomat in Paris ndash From article Specifically
why was Grynszpan mad ndash Goebbels and Hitler want
who to rise up and attack the Jewish people Did this happen Who did
bull Hitler reacted by attacking Jewish communities (called) ndash Destroyed buildings burned
synagogues and dragged Jewish people into the street for public beatings
World Reaction
bull World swiftly and negatively reacted to The Night of the Broken Glass
bull Hitlerrsquos response ndash Make the Jewish people
pay for the damage ndash Increase his campaign by
forcing them into concentration camps (what are these)
ndash Began plotting his ldquofinal solutionrdquo (which was)
ldquoWork makes one Freerdquo
bull ldquoThe Nazis came first for the Communists But I wasnrsquot Communist so I didnrsquot speak up Then they came for the Jews but I wasnrsquot a Jew so I didnrsquot speak uphellipThen they came for the unionists but I was a Protestant so I didnrsquot speak up Then they came for me By that time there was no one left to speak uprdquo ndash Lutheran Minister Martin Niemoller
bull What lesson can be learned from this
Critical Thinking
bull Find 6 similarities between the Totalitarian
States of the USSR Italy and Germany
APPEASING THE ENEMY
Policy of Appeasement 1936 bull Appeasement Giving
into the demands of aggressors in order to keep peace ndash West did everything from
weak sanctions to ignoring aggressive behavior to avoid War bull Italy invaded Ethiopia
1935 ndash League of Nations (whorsquos
involved) passed economic sanctions but couldnrsquot enforce them
bull 1936 Germans invaded the Rhineland (demilitarized no manrsquos land protecting France from Germany)
ndash France and Britain turn a blinds eye
ndash WHY
1935 US Passes Neutrality Acts
bull Neutrality Acts ndash US will not do the
following with
countries at war bull Sell arms
bull Loan money
bull Have Americans
travel on their ships
(why)
1936 The Axis of ldquoEvilrdquo
bull Germany Italy and
Japan form an
alliance to ldquoend
communismrdquo ndash Really an
agreement to NOT
stop each other
from expanding
1936 Spain falls to Fascist Franco with Nazi Germany‟s help
bull Germany bombs Guernica Spain as a dress rehearsal for their new war planes- 1600 innocent civilians were killed
A neutral Europe
bull On your map choose a color for countries that remained as neutral as humanly possible in this case Color and label the following (Good practice for the Map Quiz tomorrow) ndash Switzerland ndash Sweden ndash Republic of Ireland ndash Portugal ndash Spain
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Germany
ndash Italy
ndash Northern Africa
German Expansion
bull What were Hitlerrsquos goals ndash Unite Germans
everywhere ndash Create more living
space bull 1st Move 1938 Annex
Austria his birthplace (easily fell Europe did nothing)
bull 2nd Move 1938 Demand the annexation of the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia which was home to mostly Germans
ndash Munich Conference-Germany ldquopromisedrdquo to not invade any more land so Britain and France persuaded Czechs to surrender the territory
bull Soon to be Prime Minister of Great Britain (1940) Winston Churchill said of the decision ndash ldquoThey had to
chose between war or dishonor They chose dishonor they will have warrdquo
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Austria
ndash Czechoslovakia (Find Czech Republic and
Slovakia) Color them both in
Assignment bull Create your own political cartoon that
expresses the effects of Appeasement and Neutrality upon Europe ndash Create a Catchy Title and Write it on the Top
line in Marker ndash Draw the Picture in the box and COLOR and or
use BLACK MARKER to outline any pencil markshellipyou will not be graded on your drawing ability but you will be graded on your creativity use of historical information neatness overall effort and your ability to stay on task
ndash Sign the bottom
Nazi-Soviet Pact 1939
bull August nonaggression pact between Germany and Soviet Union signed ndash Would not fight if the
other went to war ndash Divide Poland and
Eastern Europe between them bull Soviets reason Gain
territory and time to build arms
bull Germany free to take Poland avoid a two front war (why)
The Poland Promise
bull Hitler didnrsquot stop at the Sudetenland and took more and more of Czechoslovakia
bull Britain and France accepted the failure of appeasement and promised to protect Poland Germany obvious next move ndash September 1939 Nazirsquos invade
Poland and Britain and France honor their agreement declaring war on Germany
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries that are Axis Controlled Color and label the following ndash Poland ndash Yugoslavia (Find Serbia color it all in) ndash Romania ndash Hungary ndash Bulgaria ndash Greece ndash Albania
THE BEGINNINGS OF WWII EARLY AXIS ACHIEVEMENTS
Nazi Blitzkrieg
bull Blitzkrieg ldquoLightning Warrdquo ndash German strategy to
do a series of quick constant attacks to keep the enemy from easily responding bull Easily took Norway
Denmark Netherlands Belgium sites set on France
The Fall of France
bull British troops were evacuated bull German Attacked from the
North bull Italy from the South bull Outnumbered and
demoralized France Falls ndash June 1940 forced to
surrender in the same place Germany was forced to sign the Treaty of Versailles
ndash French officers including Charles de Gaulle escaped to Britain to plan liberation
ndash French continued guerrilla warfare against the Axis powers
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Denmark
ndash Norway
ndash Netherlands
ndash Belgium
ndash France
Operation Sea Lion
bull Battle of Britain-Failure of the Blitz ndash Winston Churchill ldquoWe
shall never surrenderrdquo ndash August 1940 first bombs
by German plains bull 57 Day campaign of
bombing London bull People defiantly
continued their lives 15000 people lost their lives Parliament still met King and Queen went to bomb shelters with citizens
ndash May 1941 Hitler calls it a failure and calls a new strategy
Operation Barbarossa History Repeats itself
bull June 1941 Turned sites on Soviet Union ndash Caught Stalin off guard
leading to the death of 2 frac12 million soldiers in 6 months (Why) bull Nazi-Soviet Pact bull Many top officers assassinated
during Stalinrsquos purge ndash Soviets turned to burning
crops and animals destroying cities to avoid Germans taking them bull Called bull Scorched Earth Policy bull So also like Napoleon what
happens when winter comes
Siege of Leningrad lasts 2 frac12 years bull Millions die of hunger Britain reemerges to help
Soviets with creating a 2 Front War on Germany
US‟s 1941 1 Sided Neutrality
bull Lend-Lease Act FDR can lend war materials to any country whose defense the president thinks is vital to keeping the US safe ndash ldquoArsenal of democracyrdquo lend arms to those fighting for freedom ndash Meaning who in this war
bull Atlantic Charter secret meeting between Churchill and FDR- destroy Nazis people right to chose how they are governed
ldquoA Date which will remain in infamyrdquo
bull Japan is creating a growing Pacific Empire
bull Under Atlantic Charter US stops providing war materials to JapanhellipWhy
bull Japan mad-General Tojo orders attacks on American Military Fleet in Pearl Harbor
bull December 7 1941 declares war on Japan
bull December 11 rest of Axis powers declare war on US
bull Beginning of 1942-Axis powers at their height of control
EUROPEAN SUCCESS
Distrustful Allies
bull Stalin Churchill and FDR distrust each other ndash Stalin fearful Churchill
and FDR deliberately delaying the beginning of Western Front war to weaken Communism
ndash Roosevelt leery Churchill will want to expand British Imperial power
The Side Effects of Total War
bull Allies began Total War (meaning) ndash Men drafted to war ndash Propaganda
bull Posters news broadcasts everything showed the evils of Japanese and Germans Rosie the Riveter pics urged women into factories
ndash Effects ndash Women urged to do their part by
kicking off their dresses and working in factories building war materials
ndash Rationing of food and war materials ndash 1942 Japanese Americans lost their jobs
property and rights by being interned in camps because of fear they were loyal to Japan
bull Began attack in Northern Africa ndash Forced surrender of
Axis army in Northern Africa in May 1943
ndash Staging ground for invasion of Italy
bull Invaded Italy in July 1943
bull Defeated Mussolini by August 1943 ndash Mussolini overthrown
bull Germany weakened by having to fight Allies in Italy to save Mussolini
Northern Africa to Italy
Aug 1942 Battle of Stalingrad
bull 1942 Hitler still stalled outside Leningrad switch to oil rich Stalingrad in the South ndash Germans surrounded
city ndash Soviets from North
surrounded Germans ndash Fought street by street
house by house bull Early 1943 Germans
surrendered and were pushed out of USSR by Aug 1944
D-Day
bull 1944 US General Eisenhower prepared to open second European Front ndash Bombed German factories
cities and aircraft to weaken army
bull June 6 1944 Paratroopers dropped into France at dawn soldiers stormed the beaches of Normandy France others entered through Italy French resisted from inside Paris
bull All of France free by September 1944
Hitler‟s Last Stand
bull Battle of the Bulge Dec 1944- Battle in Ardennes Mts Of Belgium ndash Offensive by Germans to
split the Allied army in half ndash Initially successful but
Allies prevailed pushing into Germany bull April 1945 Americans meet
Soviets at Elbe River bull Mussolini assassinated Hitler
committed suicide and European conflict officially over on VE Day May 8 1945 (Victory in Europe)
WAR IN THE PACIFIC
Bataan Death March
bull May 1942 Japan takes
control of US Phillipines ndash Forced 75000 American
soldiers and Filipino
civilians on a 68 mile
march to remove the
enemy forces from areas
around their next area of
attack bull Starved beaten tortured
murdered
Island Hopping Campaign bull General McArthur
successful at The Battle of Midway in June 1942 ndash Began hopping from
Island to Island retaking Japanese controlled lands
bull British fighting in Burma and Malaya staged from which colony ndash McArthur had vowed to
return to help Philippines Oct 1944 kept promise
Gloom in the Pacific
bull 1945 war in Europe over
all resources into Pacific
but Japan still strong and ndash Japanese began Kamikaze
missions (which are)
ndash Japanese fought to the
death rather than surrender
at Iwo Jima and Okinawa
bull Success seemed far way
The Allies Choice
bull Planned an invasion of Japan but fearful of Allied casualties
bull July 1945 International group of scientists completed the Manhattan Project successfully testing an atomic bomb in what State
bull President Harry Truman (what happened to FDR) gives Emperor Hirohito an ultimatum surrender or face ldquoutter and complete destructionrdquo-Japan ignores
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
bull August 6 1945-Atomic bomb instantly kills 70000 Japanese citizens Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 8 1945-Soviets declare war and invade Manchuria Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 9 1945-US bomb Nagasaki- atomic bomb instantly kills 40000 Japanese
bull August 10th Hirohito forces Japanese military to surrender officially ending the war in September
Atomic Bomb Debate
bull Should the US have dropped the bombs
Why or Why not ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against the use
of atomic bombs to end WWII
ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against keeping
or destroying all atomic bombs now
Effects of the War
bull Mass Casualties ndash 75 million people total
bull 22 million in the Soviet Union alone (most)
bull Nuremberg Trials ndash Axis powers tried for
Crimes against humanity bull 142 Germans and
Austrians (many Nazi leaders) tried and sentenced to death for their associations with the Holocaust
bull Similar trials in Japan for what actions
ndash Served to show military could be held responsible for their actions exposed the horrors of fascists and dictators hoping to secure a place for democracy
Holocaust Facts
bull 6 million Jews 4 million more gypsies Slavic peoples homosexuals or physically handicapped systematically killed
bull Millions more enslaved in work camps used for medical experiments
bull Jews and others fought back ndash Destroyed gas
chambers ndash Hid Jewish people ndash Denmark and Bulgaria
managed to save almost their entire Jewish population
Denmark‟s Jews
bull Niels Bohr (Danish physicist contracted to work on The Manhattan Project in US) snuck out of Denmark to Neutral Sweden for safe passage to US when arrived in Sweden refused to leave to the US until they agreed to offer asylum to all the Danish Jews All Jews were quietly snuck out of Denmark with the help of the failing Danish government and ordinary citizens who had been hiding them during the German occupation
United Nations
bull April 1945 50 nations created the UN Charter in San Francisco
bull 5 permanent members of the Security Council US Britain France Soviet Union (now Russia) and China ndash Can veto the decisions of the others-all must agree in order
to take action often a weakness for the organization bull Dedicated to keeping World Peace through international
peace keeping missions ndash Work towards strengthening education preventing disease
poverty and hunger bull Relies upon local governments for coordination-often
leading to inefficiencies when the governments are the ones creating the problems
Extra Credit Assignment
bull Pretend you are President Harry Truman trying to convince the US Congress to allow the US the join the United Nations since they wanted to stay out of the League of Nations years previously Write a 12 sentence speech convincing Congress to join using what you have learned from WWII and create a propaganda poster to support your speech
bull Due the Day we return from Christmas Break-Will replace a quiz grade with a 100 if done well
Globalization of the Economy
Begins
bull Economies turn from local production and consumption to a global market ndash Cheap raw materials from Latin
America Asia and Africa pour into Western Nations lowering production costs
ndash Farmers miners and others in this sector of the economy in Europe and United States see demand for their products and their economic stability slump
bull Unions fought and won higher wages for factory workers = higher price of products ndash Farmers Miners etc could no
longer afford industrial products ndash Factory production begins to
slump bull People ignore the signs
Roaring 20s of the US
bull Europersquos industry destroyed post world war
bull US steps in as leading world economic power ndash Name some new
inventions of the early 20th century
ndash Mass consumerism begins because they wanted them all
ndash Gimme that Plastic- Buying on Credit begins-Canrsquot pay right now No problem-buy now pay later
bull People believed there would be never ending prosperity in the United States ldquoThe USrsquos business is businessrdquo President Coolidge said
Women find new Freedom
bull Showed they were strong and independent during War Time Economy ndash Gained right to vote in US
in 1920 bull New inventions freed up
time ndash Vacuums for Floors ndash Dishwashers for plates
bull Now what will these housewives do ndash Flappers Women pushed
up their hemlines chopped off their hair began going out at night without their fathers or older brothers and more women got college educations
Chief Check 59 1 What was the Kellog-Briand Pact 2 Why did the US not join the League of Nations
(we discussed this last unit it is not in your notes- use the political cartoon to the right)
3 How did Stalinrsquos economic plan differ from that of Leninrsquos
4 How did the peasantrsquos react to Stalinrsquos agricultural plan
5 What are the ldquoShow Trialsrdquo of Stalin 6 What caused the demand for raw materials in the
US to go down thus causing less people to buy industrial products because they couldnrsquot afford them leading industrial production to decrease as well
A Great Purge B Black Tuesday C Collectives D Totalitarianism E Globalization
7 How did new inventions give women more freedom
8 What is a flapper
bull All people wanted a piece of the booming 20rsquos Stock Market
bull Speculation ndash Buying stocks believing
they would go up and up ndash Like their refrigerators
people bought these stocks by ldquomargin buyingrdquo- paid for part and rich stock brokers paid for the rest with interest bull Uncertainty in the market
in autumn of 1929 lead Brokers to ask these investors to pay NOW
bull Only way to pay at this time was to sell their stocks bringing the market further down
bull PANIC set in More and more people continued to sell to salvage what they could
The Crash of bdquo29
Great Depression Begins
bull Video
bull Government Reaction ndash President Hoover stuck
to firm capitalist viewhelliphow should the government intervene in this slumping economy Did this help
ndash Franklin D Roosevelt elected in 1932 stated government MUST TAKE ACTION bull Creates his New Deal of
the 3 Rrsquos Relief Recovery and Reform
What do you call this
FDR‟s New Deal bull Relief
ndash Subsidies to farmers suffering from The Dust Bowl and sinking production
ndash Unemployment Benefits
bull Recovery ndash Public Works Programs
Funded government paid jobs to build roads museums parks bridges schools
bull Reform ndash Deposits at Banks
ensured by government ndash Social Security benefits
for retirement and disability
Houses were shut tight and cloth wedged around doors and windows but the dust came in so thinly that it could not be seen in the air and it settled like pollen on the chairs and tables on the dishes ~ Grapes of Wrath
Global Economic Crisis bull How were European economies after WWI
ndash American Banks crashing during 1930rsquos and stopped loaning to foreign governments
ndash US government demanded the Europeans repay their war debthellipbut unable
bull US tried to compensate by raising tariffs (which are) ndash Backfired-others raised their tariffs to
compensatehellipshutting each other out of the global market
THE COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE WARS
3 CHINA AND JAPAN
After the Open Door Policy
bull How was Chinarsquos Republic after it was open to trade
bull 1912 Became a military state-warlords took advantage of local communities fighting and famine throughout China
bull What did Japan get from the Treaty of Versailles (reason they entered) ndash Japan seeks greater power to
make China a protectorate (internally free internationally a territory of another country)
Japan After the War
bull Control by Emperor Hirohito 1926 ndash Became the China of
the 19th Century (all goods made in Japan using cheap labor)
ndash Nationalism rose over the ldquoYellow Perilrdquo (which is)
ndash Military domination in the government by 1937 bull Children were taught
ldquoThe Way of the Subjectsrdquo or how they were to give total obedience to the government and emperor
Japan Invades China
bull Manchurian Incident ndash Blew up their own
Japanese railroad line in Manchuria China-blamed Chinese
ndash 1931 Japan invaded Manchuria bull Leaders of China ignore
and continue fighting each other
bull 1937 Japan Bombs major cities such as Beijing
bull Rape of Nanjing ndash Japanese enter city killing
hundreds of thousands brutalizing thousands more (video)
THE COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE WARS 4 ITALY
Effects of WWI on Italy
bull Disappointed Why ndash Nationalism soared
bull Veterans and peasants in
economic ruin
bull Constant uprising and
need for strong control
Fascism bull Lead to the creation of
the Fascist Party by Benito Mussolini ndash Based on fasces
(sticks wrapped around an axe) the Roman symbol of authority
ndash Goal to create a non communist authoritarian government bull Glorifying action
violence discipline and absolute blind obedience to the state
bull Antidemocratic rejecting reason and equality
bull Echoed Expansion under idea of Social Darwinism (which is)
Mussolini‟s Italy
bull Given the Prime Minister position by King to avoid conflict
bull 1925 Seized more power called Il Duce (eel doochay) ndash Censorship ndash Secret Police ndash Corrupt elections given Fascist
leaders control bull Fascist party members
(individually) controlled business not the government
bull Men called to ruthless military duty
bull Women called to motherhood bull Strict military style education
glorifying Rome and Italy
THE COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE WARS 5 GERMANY
Review Effects of the Treaty of Versailles
bull In 1919 created a democratic Weimar Republic
bull Who was blamed for WWI bull What did they have to pay
ndash Reparations killing economy bull What important economic areas did
they lose ndash Coal rich industrial towns no longer in
their control bull Answer to economic problem Print
More Money Why is this a problem ndash Principle of Supply and Demand-Supply
high value lessons ndash Leads to massive inflation
bull Look for scapegoats-some blamed the Jewish people (why)
Dawes Plan bull World Rallied to
help Weimer Republic ndash France
withdrew from Coal rich Ruhr Valley
ndash US France and Britain lower reparations payments
bull Recovered but then killed again by Great Depression
Rise of Adolf Hitler
bull 1920 National Socialist German Workers party created (Nazirsquos-not socialists at all) ndash NOT SOCIALIST-
FACIST (what is this)
bull Urged Germans all over the world to unite and expand
bull Demanded Germany needed a strong leader or Fuhrer
Mein Kampf bull Published Mein Kampf
ldquoMy Strugglerdquo 1925 ndash Outlines Nazi ideology
and goals bull Extreme Nationalism bull Superiority of the Germans
Throw off the chains of the Treaty of Versailles and create a world dominated by the superior German Aryan Race
bull Anti-Semitism (what is it) ndashBelief Jews were conspiring to overthrow the government states that the gassing of thousands of Jews would mean that the sacrifice of millions of soldiers will not be in vain
Hitler‟s Democratic Take-over bull What 2 main circumstances in Germany played into Hitlerrsquos rise
bull Promised to end reparations create jobs and arm Germany for the
future
bull Nazis gained more and more legislative seats
bull By the democratic process Hitler elected Chancellor (leader) in 1933
bull Took 1 year to suspend civil rights and disbanded all opposing
political parties executing any party members he believed were
disloyal (speech)
Hitler‟s Third Reich
bull Why the Third Reich bull Totalitarianism
ndash Power by what means bull Economic
ndash Public Works programs (which are) bull Highways trains housing bull Rebuilt industry through arms
development bull Employment soaredhellipthe people
cheered
bull Social Policy ndash Hitler Youth indoctrinated with
racism and absolute loyalty ndash Censorship toward pure German
Society (burned books propaganda) ndash Pure Aryan women rewarded for
having babies turned away from universities and upper level positions
Cultural Purge
bull Churches Close ndash Hitler Christianity
ldquoweakrdquo ndash All Protestant
faiths combined into a state church indoctrinating Aryan superiority
ndash Some Catholic churches closed if spoke out against Nazi regime
Nuremberg Laws 1935
bull Laws stated Jewish people could NOT
bull Marry non Jews
bull Attend or teach in German
schools
bull Hold Government positions
bull Practice Law or Medicine
bull Publish Books
bull Urged the unprovoked
beatings of Jewish people in public ndash Effect many German Jews like Albert Einstein fled
Night of the Broken Glass ldquoKristallnachtrdquo
bull November 7 1938 a young Jew who had watched his parents be mistreated in Germany shot a German diplomat in Paris ndash From article Specifically
why was Grynszpan mad ndash Goebbels and Hitler want
who to rise up and attack the Jewish people Did this happen Who did
bull Hitler reacted by attacking Jewish communities (called) ndash Destroyed buildings burned
synagogues and dragged Jewish people into the street for public beatings
World Reaction
bull World swiftly and negatively reacted to The Night of the Broken Glass
bull Hitlerrsquos response ndash Make the Jewish people
pay for the damage ndash Increase his campaign by
forcing them into concentration camps (what are these)
ndash Began plotting his ldquofinal solutionrdquo (which was)
ldquoWork makes one Freerdquo
bull ldquoThe Nazis came first for the Communists But I wasnrsquot Communist so I didnrsquot speak up Then they came for the Jews but I wasnrsquot a Jew so I didnrsquot speak uphellipThen they came for the unionists but I was a Protestant so I didnrsquot speak up Then they came for me By that time there was no one left to speak uprdquo ndash Lutheran Minister Martin Niemoller
bull What lesson can be learned from this
Critical Thinking
bull Find 6 similarities between the Totalitarian
States of the USSR Italy and Germany
APPEASING THE ENEMY
Policy of Appeasement 1936 bull Appeasement Giving
into the demands of aggressors in order to keep peace ndash West did everything from
weak sanctions to ignoring aggressive behavior to avoid War bull Italy invaded Ethiopia
1935 ndash League of Nations (whorsquos
involved) passed economic sanctions but couldnrsquot enforce them
bull 1936 Germans invaded the Rhineland (demilitarized no manrsquos land protecting France from Germany)
ndash France and Britain turn a blinds eye
ndash WHY
1935 US Passes Neutrality Acts
bull Neutrality Acts ndash US will not do the
following with
countries at war bull Sell arms
bull Loan money
bull Have Americans
travel on their ships
(why)
1936 The Axis of ldquoEvilrdquo
bull Germany Italy and
Japan form an
alliance to ldquoend
communismrdquo ndash Really an
agreement to NOT
stop each other
from expanding
1936 Spain falls to Fascist Franco with Nazi Germany‟s help
bull Germany bombs Guernica Spain as a dress rehearsal for their new war planes- 1600 innocent civilians were killed
A neutral Europe
bull On your map choose a color for countries that remained as neutral as humanly possible in this case Color and label the following (Good practice for the Map Quiz tomorrow) ndash Switzerland ndash Sweden ndash Republic of Ireland ndash Portugal ndash Spain
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Germany
ndash Italy
ndash Northern Africa
German Expansion
bull What were Hitlerrsquos goals ndash Unite Germans
everywhere ndash Create more living
space bull 1st Move 1938 Annex
Austria his birthplace (easily fell Europe did nothing)
bull 2nd Move 1938 Demand the annexation of the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia which was home to mostly Germans
ndash Munich Conference-Germany ldquopromisedrdquo to not invade any more land so Britain and France persuaded Czechs to surrender the territory
bull Soon to be Prime Minister of Great Britain (1940) Winston Churchill said of the decision ndash ldquoThey had to
chose between war or dishonor They chose dishonor they will have warrdquo
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Austria
ndash Czechoslovakia (Find Czech Republic and
Slovakia) Color them both in
Assignment bull Create your own political cartoon that
expresses the effects of Appeasement and Neutrality upon Europe ndash Create a Catchy Title and Write it on the Top
line in Marker ndash Draw the Picture in the box and COLOR and or
use BLACK MARKER to outline any pencil markshellipyou will not be graded on your drawing ability but you will be graded on your creativity use of historical information neatness overall effort and your ability to stay on task
ndash Sign the bottom
Nazi-Soviet Pact 1939
bull August nonaggression pact between Germany and Soviet Union signed ndash Would not fight if the
other went to war ndash Divide Poland and
Eastern Europe between them bull Soviets reason Gain
territory and time to build arms
bull Germany free to take Poland avoid a two front war (why)
The Poland Promise
bull Hitler didnrsquot stop at the Sudetenland and took more and more of Czechoslovakia
bull Britain and France accepted the failure of appeasement and promised to protect Poland Germany obvious next move ndash September 1939 Nazirsquos invade
Poland and Britain and France honor their agreement declaring war on Germany
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries that are Axis Controlled Color and label the following ndash Poland ndash Yugoslavia (Find Serbia color it all in) ndash Romania ndash Hungary ndash Bulgaria ndash Greece ndash Albania
THE BEGINNINGS OF WWII EARLY AXIS ACHIEVEMENTS
Nazi Blitzkrieg
bull Blitzkrieg ldquoLightning Warrdquo ndash German strategy to
do a series of quick constant attacks to keep the enemy from easily responding bull Easily took Norway
Denmark Netherlands Belgium sites set on France
The Fall of France
bull British troops were evacuated bull German Attacked from the
North bull Italy from the South bull Outnumbered and
demoralized France Falls ndash June 1940 forced to
surrender in the same place Germany was forced to sign the Treaty of Versailles
ndash French officers including Charles de Gaulle escaped to Britain to plan liberation
ndash French continued guerrilla warfare against the Axis powers
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Denmark
ndash Norway
ndash Netherlands
ndash Belgium
ndash France
Operation Sea Lion
bull Battle of Britain-Failure of the Blitz ndash Winston Churchill ldquoWe
shall never surrenderrdquo ndash August 1940 first bombs
by German plains bull 57 Day campaign of
bombing London bull People defiantly
continued their lives 15000 people lost their lives Parliament still met King and Queen went to bomb shelters with citizens
ndash May 1941 Hitler calls it a failure and calls a new strategy
Operation Barbarossa History Repeats itself
bull June 1941 Turned sites on Soviet Union ndash Caught Stalin off guard
leading to the death of 2 frac12 million soldiers in 6 months (Why) bull Nazi-Soviet Pact bull Many top officers assassinated
during Stalinrsquos purge ndash Soviets turned to burning
crops and animals destroying cities to avoid Germans taking them bull Called bull Scorched Earth Policy bull So also like Napoleon what
happens when winter comes
Siege of Leningrad lasts 2 frac12 years bull Millions die of hunger Britain reemerges to help
Soviets with creating a 2 Front War on Germany
US‟s 1941 1 Sided Neutrality
bull Lend-Lease Act FDR can lend war materials to any country whose defense the president thinks is vital to keeping the US safe ndash ldquoArsenal of democracyrdquo lend arms to those fighting for freedom ndash Meaning who in this war
bull Atlantic Charter secret meeting between Churchill and FDR- destroy Nazis people right to chose how they are governed
ldquoA Date which will remain in infamyrdquo
bull Japan is creating a growing Pacific Empire
bull Under Atlantic Charter US stops providing war materials to JapanhellipWhy
bull Japan mad-General Tojo orders attacks on American Military Fleet in Pearl Harbor
bull December 7 1941 declares war on Japan
bull December 11 rest of Axis powers declare war on US
bull Beginning of 1942-Axis powers at their height of control
EUROPEAN SUCCESS
Distrustful Allies
bull Stalin Churchill and FDR distrust each other ndash Stalin fearful Churchill
and FDR deliberately delaying the beginning of Western Front war to weaken Communism
ndash Roosevelt leery Churchill will want to expand British Imperial power
The Side Effects of Total War
bull Allies began Total War (meaning) ndash Men drafted to war ndash Propaganda
bull Posters news broadcasts everything showed the evils of Japanese and Germans Rosie the Riveter pics urged women into factories
ndash Effects ndash Women urged to do their part by
kicking off their dresses and working in factories building war materials
ndash Rationing of food and war materials ndash 1942 Japanese Americans lost their jobs
property and rights by being interned in camps because of fear they were loyal to Japan
bull Began attack in Northern Africa ndash Forced surrender of
Axis army in Northern Africa in May 1943
ndash Staging ground for invasion of Italy
bull Invaded Italy in July 1943
bull Defeated Mussolini by August 1943 ndash Mussolini overthrown
bull Germany weakened by having to fight Allies in Italy to save Mussolini
Northern Africa to Italy
Aug 1942 Battle of Stalingrad
bull 1942 Hitler still stalled outside Leningrad switch to oil rich Stalingrad in the South ndash Germans surrounded
city ndash Soviets from North
surrounded Germans ndash Fought street by street
house by house bull Early 1943 Germans
surrendered and were pushed out of USSR by Aug 1944
D-Day
bull 1944 US General Eisenhower prepared to open second European Front ndash Bombed German factories
cities and aircraft to weaken army
bull June 6 1944 Paratroopers dropped into France at dawn soldiers stormed the beaches of Normandy France others entered through Italy French resisted from inside Paris
bull All of France free by September 1944
Hitler‟s Last Stand
bull Battle of the Bulge Dec 1944- Battle in Ardennes Mts Of Belgium ndash Offensive by Germans to
split the Allied army in half ndash Initially successful but
Allies prevailed pushing into Germany bull April 1945 Americans meet
Soviets at Elbe River bull Mussolini assassinated Hitler
committed suicide and European conflict officially over on VE Day May 8 1945 (Victory in Europe)
WAR IN THE PACIFIC
Bataan Death March
bull May 1942 Japan takes
control of US Phillipines ndash Forced 75000 American
soldiers and Filipino
civilians on a 68 mile
march to remove the
enemy forces from areas
around their next area of
attack bull Starved beaten tortured
murdered
Island Hopping Campaign bull General McArthur
successful at The Battle of Midway in June 1942 ndash Began hopping from
Island to Island retaking Japanese controlled lands
bull British fighting in Burma and Malaya staged from which colony ndash McArthur had vowed to
return to help Philippines Oct 1944 kept promise
Gloom in the Pacific
bull 1945 war in Europe over
all resources into Pacific
but Japan still strong and ndash Japanese began Kamikaze
missions (which are)
ndash Japanese fought to the
death rather than surrender
at Iwo Jima and Okinawa
bull Success seemed far way
The Allies Choice
bull Planned an invasion of Japan but fearful of Allied casualties
bull July 1945 International group of scientists completed the Manhattan Project successfully testing an atomic bomb in what State
bull President Harry Truman (what happened to FDR) gives Emperor Hirohito an ultimatum surrender or face ldquoutter and complete destructionrdquo-Japan ignores
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
bull August 6 1945-Atomic bomb instantly kills 70000 Japanese citizens Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 8 1945-Soviets declare war and invade Manchuria Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 9 1945-US bomb Nagasaki- atomic bomb instantly kills 40000 Japanese
bull August 10th Hirohito forces Japanese military to surrender officially ending the war in September
Atomic Bomb Debate
bull Should the US have dropped the bombs
Why or Why not ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against the use
of atomic bombs to end WWII
ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against keeping
or destroying all atomic bombs now
Effects of the War
bull Mass Casualties ndash 75 million people total
bull 22 million in the Soviet Union alone (most)
bull Nuremberg Trials ndash Axis powers tried for
Crimes against humanity bull 142 Germans and
Austrians (many Nazi leaders) tried and sentenced to death for their associations with the Holocaust
bull Similar trials in Japan for what actions
ndash Served to show military could be held responsible for their actions exposed the horrors of fascists and dictators hoping to secure a place for democracy
Holocaust Facts
bull 6 million Jews 4 million more gypsies Slavic peoples homosexuals or physically handicapped systematically killed
bull Millions more enslaved in work camps used for medical experiments
bull Jews and others fought back ndash Destroyed gas
chambers ndash Hid Jewish people ndash Denmark and Bulgaria
managed to save almost their entire Jewish population
Denmark‟s Jews
bull Niels Bohr (Danish physicist contracted to work on The Manhattan Project in US) snuck out of Denmark to Neutral Sweden for safe passage to US when arrived in Sweden refused to leave to the US until they agreed to offer asylum to all the Danish Jews All Jews were quietly snuck out of Denmark with the help of the failing Danish government and ordinary citizens who had been hiding them during the German occupation
United Nations
bull April 1945 50 nations created the UN Charter in San Francisco
bull 5 permanent members of the Security Council US Britain France Soviet Union (now Russia) and China ndash Can veto the decisions of the others-all must agree in order
to take action often a weakness for the organization bull Dedicated to keeping World Peace through international
peace keeping missions ndash Work towards strengthening education preventing disease
poverty and hunger bull Relies upon local governments for coordination-often
leading to inefficiencies when the governments are the ones creating the problems
Extra Credit Assignment
bull Pretend you are President Harry Truman trying to convince the US Congress to allow the US the join the United Nations since they wanted to stay out of the League of Nations years previously Write a 12 sentence speech convincing Congress to join using what you have learned from WWII and create a propaganda poster to support your speech
bull Due the Day we return from Christmas Break-Will replace a quiz grade with a 100 if done well
Roaring 20s of the US
bull Europersquos industry destroyed post world war
bull US steps in as leading world economic power ndash Name some new
inventions of the early 20th century
ndash Mass consumerism begins because they wanted them all
ndash Gimme that Plastic- Buying on Credit begins-Canrsquot pay right now No problem-buy now pay later
bull People believed there would be never ending prosperity in the United States ldquoThe USrsquos business is businessrdquo President Coolidge said
Women find new Freedom
bull Showed they were strong and independent during War Time Economy ndash Gained right to vote in US
in 1920 bull New inventions freed up
time ndash Vacuums for Floors ndash Dishwashers for plates
bull Now what will these housewives do ndash Flappers Women pushed
up their hemlines chopped off their hair began going out at night without their fathers or older brothers and more women got college educations
Chief Check 59 1 What was the Kellog-Briand Pact 2 Why did the US not join the League of Nations
(we discussed this last unit it is not in your notes- use the political cartoon to the right)
3 How did Stalinrsquos economic plan differ from that of Leninrsquos
4 How did the peasantrsquos react to Stalinrsquos agricultural plan
5 What are the ldquoShow Trialsrdquo of Stalin 6 What caused the demand for raw materials in the
US to go down thus causing less people to buy industrial products because they couldnrsquot afford them leading industrial production to decrease as well
A Great Purge B Black Tuesday C Collectives D Totalitarianism E Globalization
7 How did new inventions give women more freedom
8 What is a flapper
bull All people wanted a piece of the booming 20rsquos Stock Market
bull Speculation ndash Buying stocks believing
they would go up and up ndash Like their refrigerators
people bought these stocks by ldquomargin buyingrdquo- paid for part and rich stock brokers paid for the rest with interest bull Uncertainty in the market
in autumn of 1929 lead Brokers to ask these investors to pay NOW
bull Only way to pay at this time was to sell their stocks bringing the market further down
bull PANIC set in More and more people continued to sell to salvage what they could
The Crash of bdquo29
Great Depression Begins
bull Video
bull Government Reaction ndash President Hoover stuck
to firm capitalist viewhelliphow should the government intervene in this slumping economy Did this help
ndash Franklin D Roosevelt elected in 1932 stated government MUST TAKE ACTION bull Creates his New Deal of
the 3 Rrsquos Relief Recovery and Reform
What do you call this
FDR‟s New Deal bull Relief
ndash Subsidies to farmers suffering from The Dust Bowl and sinking production
ndash Unemployment Benefits
bull Recovery ndash Public Works Programs
Funded government paid jobs to build roads museums parks bridges schools
bull Reform ndash Deposits at Banks
ensured by government ndash Social Security benefits
for retirement and disability
Houses were shut tight and cloth wedged around doors and windows but the dust came in so thinly that it could not be seen in the air and it settled like pollen on the chairs and tables on the dishes ~ Grapes of Wrath
Global Economic Crisis bull How were European economies after WWI
ndash American Banks crashing during 1930rsquos and stopped loaning to foreign governments
ndash US government demanded the Europeans repay their war debthellipbut unable
bull US tried to compensate by raising tariffs (which are) ndash Backfired-others raised their tariffs to
compensatehellipshutting each other out of the global market
THE COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE WARS
3 CHINA AND JAPAN
After the Open Door Policy
bull How was Chinarsquos Republic after it was open to trade
bull 1912 Became a military state-warlords took advantage of local communities fighting and famine throughout China
bull What did Japan get from the Treaty of Versailles (reason they entered) ndash Japan seeks greater power to
make China a protectorate (internally free internationally a territory of another country)
Japan After the War
bull Control by Emperor Hirohito 1926 ndash Became the China of
the 19th Century (all goods made in Japan using cheap labor)
ndash Nationalism rose over the ldquoYellow Perilrdquo (which is)
ndash Military domination in the government by 1937 bull Children were taught
ldquoThe Way of the Subjectsrdquo or how they were to give total obedience to the government and emperor
Japan Invades China
bull Manchurian Incident ndash Blew up their own
Japanese railroad line in Manchuria China-blamed Chinese
ndash 1931 Japan invaded Manchuria bull Leaders of China ignore
and continue fighting each other
bull 1937 Japan Bombs major cities such as Beijing
bull Rape of Nanjing ndash Japanese enter city killing
hundreds of thousands brutalizing thousands more (video)
THE COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE WARS 4 ITALY
Effects of WWI on Italy
bull Disappointed Why ndash Nationalism soared
bull Veterans and peasants in
economic ruin
bull Constant uprising and
need for strong control
Fascism bull Lead to the creation of
the Fascist Party by Benito Mussolini ndash Based on fasces
(sticks wrapped around an axe) the Roman symbol of authority
ndash Goal to create a non communist authoritarian government bull Glorifying action
violence discipline and absolute blind obedience to the state
bull Antidemocratic rejecting reason and equality
bull Echoed Expansion under idea of Social Darwinism (which is)
Mussolini‟s Italy
bull Given the Prime Minister position by King to avoid conflict
bull 1925 Seized more power called Il Duce (eel doochay) ndash Censorship ndash Secret Police ndash Corrupt elections given Fascist
leaders control bull Fascist party members
(individually) controlled business not the government
bull Men called to ruthless military duty
bull Women called to motherhood bull Strict military style education
glorifying Rome and Italy
THE COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE WARS 5 GERMANY
Review Effects of the Treaty of Versailles
bull In 1919 created a democratic Weimar Republic
bull Who was blamed for WWI bull What did they have to pay
ndash Reparations killing economy bull What important economic areas did
they lose ndash Coal rich industrial towns no longer in
their control bull Answer to economic problem Print
More Money Why is this a problem ndash Principle of Supply and Demand-Supply
high value lessons ndash Leads to massive inflation
bull Look for scapegoats-some blamed the Jewish people (why)
Dawes Plan bull World Rallied to
help Weimer Republic ndash France
withdrew from Coal rich Ruhr Valley
ndash US France and Britain lower reparations payments
bull Recovered but then killed again by Great Depression
Rise of Adolf Hitler
bull 1920 National Socialist German Workers party created (Nazirsquos-not socialists at all) ndash NOT SOCIALIST-
FACIST (what is this)
bull Urged Germans all over the world to unite and expand
bull Demanded Germany needed a strong leader or Fuhrer
Mein Kampf bull Published Mein Kampf
ldquoMy Strugglerdquo 1925 ndash Outlines Nazi ideology
and goals bull Extreme Nationalism bull Superiority of the Germans
Throw off the chains of the Treaty of Versailles and create a world dominated by the superior German Aryan Race
bull Anti-Semitism (what is it) ndashBelief Jews were conspiring to overthrow the government states that the gassing of thousands of Jews would mean that the sacrifice of millions of soldiers will not be in vain
Hitler‟s Democratic Take-over bull What 2 main circumstances in Germany played into Hitlerrsquos rise
bull Promised to end reparations create jobs and arm Germany for the
future
bull Nazis gained more and more legislative seats
bull By the democratic process Hitler elected Chancellor (leader) in 1933
bull Took 1 year to suspend civil rights and disbanded all opposing
political parties executing any party members he believed were
disloyal (speech)
Hitler‟s Third Reich
bull Why the Third Reich bull Totalitarianism
ndash Power by what means bull Economic
ndash Public Works programs (which are) bull Highways trains housing bull Rebuilt industry through arms
development bull Employment soaredhellipthe people
cheered
bull Social Policy ndash Hitler Youth indoctrinated with
racism and absolute loyalty ndash Censorship toward pure German
Society (burned books propaganda) ndash Pure Aryan women rewarded for
having babies turned away from universities and upper level positions
Cultural Purge
bull Churches Close ndash Hitler Christianity
ldquoweakrdquo ndash All Protestant
faiths combined into a state church indoctrinating Aryan superiority
ndash Some Catholic churches closed if spoke out against Nazi regime
Nuremberg Laws 1935
bull Laws stated Jewish people could NOT
bull Marry non Jews
bull Attend or teach in German
schools
bull Hold Government positions
bull Practice Law or Medicine
bull Publish Books
bull Urged the unprovoked
beatings of Jewish people in public ndash Effect many German Jews like Albert Einstein fled
Night of the Broken Glass ldquoKristallnachtrdquo
bull November 7 1938 a young Jew who had watched his parents be mistreated in Germany shot a German diplomat in Paris ndash From article Specifically
why was Grynszpan mad ndash Goebbels and Hitler want
who to rise up and attack the Jewish people Did this happen Who did
bull Hitler reacted by attacking Jewish communities (called) ndash Destroyed buildings burned
synagogues and dragged Jewish people into the street for public beatings
World Reaction
bull World swiftly and negatively reacted to The Night of the Broken Glass
bull Hitlerrsquos response ndash Make the Jewish people
pay for the damage ndash Increase his campaign by
forcing them into concentration camps (what are these)
ndash Began plotting his ldquofinal solutionrdquo (which was)
ldquoWork makes one Freerdquo
bull ldquoThe Nazis came first for the Communists But I wasnrsquot Communist so I didnrsquot speak up Then they came for the Jews but I wasnrsquot a Jew so I didnrsquot speak uphellipThen they came for the unionists but I was a Protestant so I didnrsquot speak up Then they came for me By that time there was no one left to speak uprdquo ndash Lutheran Minister Martin Niemoller
bull What lesson can be learned from this
Critical Thinking
bull Find 6 similarities between the Totalitarian
States of the USSR Italy and Germany
APPEASING THE ENEMY
Policy of Appeasement 1936 bull Appeasement Giving
into the demands of aggressors in order to keep peace ndash West did everything from
weak sanctions to ignoring aggressive behavior to avoid War bull Italy invaded Ethiopia
1935 ndash League of Nations (whorsquos
involved) passed economic sanctions but couldnrsquot enforce them
bull 1936 Germans invaded the Rhineland (demilitarized no manrsquos land protecting France from Germany)
ndash France and Britain turn a blinds eye
ndash WHY
1935 US Passes Neutrality Acts
bull Neutrality Acts ndash US will not do the
following with
countries at war bull Sell arms
bull Loan money
bull Have Americans
travel on their ships
(why)
1936 The Axis of ldquoEvilrdquo
bull Germany Italy and
Japan form an
alliance to ldquoend
communismrdquo ndash Really an
agreement to NOT
stop each other
from expanding
1936 Spain falls to Fascist Franco with Nazi Germany‟s help
bull Germany bombs Guernica Spain as a dress rehearsal for their new war planes- 1600 innocent civilians were killed
A neutral Europe
bull On your map choose a color for countries that remained as neutral as humanly possible in this case Color and label the following (Good practice for the Map Quiz tomorrow) ndash Switzerland ndash Sweden ndash Republic of Ireland ndash Portugal ndash Spain
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Germany
ndash Italy
ndash Northern Africa
German Expansion
bull What were Hitlerrsquos goals ndash Unite Germans
everywhere ndash Create more living
space bull 1st Move 1938 Annex
Austria his birthplace (easily fell Europe did nothing)
bull 2nd Move 1938 Demand the annexation of the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia which was home to mostly Germans
ndash Munich Conference-Germany ldquopromisedrdquo to not invade any more land so Britain and France persuaded Czechs to surrender the territory
bull Soon to be Prime Minister of Great Britain (1940) Winston Churchill said of the decision ndash ldquoThey had to
chose between war or dishonor They chose dishonor they will have warrdquo
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Austria
ndash Czechoslovakia (Find Czech Republic and
Slovakia) Color them both in
Assignment bull Create your own political cartoon that
expresses the effects of Appeasement and Neutrality upon Europe ndash Create a Catchy Title and Write it on the Top
line in Marker ndash Draw the Picture in the box and COLOR and or
use BLACK MARKER to outline any pencil markshellipyou will not be graded on your drawing ability but you will be graded on your creativity use of historical information neatness overall effort and your ability to stay on task
ndash Sign the bottom
Nazi-Soviet Pact 1939
bull August nonaggression pact between Germany and Soviet Union signed ndash Would not fight if the
other went to war ndash Divide Poland and
Eastern Europe between them bull Soviets reason Gain
territory and time to build arms
bull Germany free to take Poland avoid a two front war (why)
The Poland Promise
bull Hitler didnrsquot stop at the Sudetenland and took more and more of Czechoslovakia
bull Britain and France accepted the failure of appeasement and promised to protect Poland Germany obvious next move ndash September 1939 Nazirsquos invade
Poland and Britain and France honor their agreement declaring war on Germany
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries that are Axis Controlled Color and label the following ndash Poland ndash Yugoslavia (Find Serbia color it all in) ndash Romania ndash Hungary ndash Bulgaria ndash Greece ndash Albania
THE BEGINNINGS OF WWII EARLY AXIS ACHIEVEMENTS
Nazi Blitzkrieg
bull Blitzkrieg ldquoLightning Warrdquo ndash German strategy to
do a series of quick constant attacks to keep the enemy from easily responding bull Easily took Norway
Denmark Netherlands Belgium sites set on France
The Fall of France
bull British troops were evacuated bull German Attacked from the
North bull Italy from the South bull Outnumbered and
demoralized France Falls ndash June 1940 forced to
surrender in the same place Germany was forced to sign the Treaty of Versailles
ndash French officers including Charles de Gaulle escaped to Britain to plan liberation
ndash French continued guerrilla warfare against the Axis powers
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Denmark
ndash Norway
ndash Netherlands
ndash Belgium
ndash France
Operation Sea Lion
bull Battle of Britain-Failure of the Blitz ndash Winston Churchill ldquoWe
shall never surrenderrdquo ndash August 1940 first bombs
by German plains bull 57 Day campaign of
bombing London bull People defiantly
continued their lives 15000 people lost their lives Parliament still met King and Queen went to bomb shelters with citizens
ndash May 1941 Hitler calls it a failure and calls a new strategy
Operation Barbarossa History Repeats itself
bull June 1941 Turned sites on Soviet Union ndash Caught Stalin off guard
leading to the death of 2 frac12 million soldiers in 6 months (Why) bull Nazi-Soviet Pact bull Many top officers assassinated
during Stalinrsquos purge ndash Soviets turned to burning
crops and animals destroying cities to avoid Germans taking them bull Called bull Scorched Earth Policy bull So also like Napoleon what
happens when winter comes
Siege of Leningrad lasts 2 frac12 years bull Millions die of hunger Britain reemerges to help
Soviets with creating a 2 Front War on Germany
US‟s 1941 1 Sided Neutrality
bull Lend-Lease Act FDR can lend war materials to any country whose defense the president thinks is vital to keeping the US safe ndash ldquoArsenal of democracyrdquo lend arms to those fighting for freedom ndash Meaning who in this war
bull Atlantic Charter secret meeting between Churchill and FDR- destroy Nazis people right to chose how they are governed
ldquoA Date which will remain in infamyrdquo
bull Japan is creating a growing Pacific Empire
bull Under Atlantic Charter US stops providing war materials to JapanhellipWhy
bull Japan mad-General Tojo orders attacks on American Military Fleet in Pearl Harbor
bull December 7 1941 declares war on Japan
bull December 11 rest of Axis powers declare war on US
bull Beginning of 1942-Axis powers at their height of control
EUROPEAN SUCCESS
Distrustful Allies
bull Stalin Churchill and FDR distrust each other ndash Stalin fearful Churchill
and FDR deliberately delaying the beginning of Western Front war to weaken Communism
ndash Roosevelt leery Churchill will want to expand British Imperial power
The Side Effects of Total War
bull Allies began Total War (meaning) ndash Men drafted to war ndash Propaganda
bull Posters news broadcasts everything showed the evils of Japanese and Germans Rosie the Riveter pics urged women into factories
ndash Effects ndash Women urged to do their part by
kicking off their dresses and working in factories building war materials
ndash Rationing of food and war materials ndash 1942 Japanese Americans lost their jobs
property and rights by being interned in camps because of fear they were loyal to Japan
bull Began attack in Northern Africa ndash Forced surrender of
Axis army in Northern Africa in May 1943
ndash Staging ground for invasion of Italy
bull Invaded Italy in July 1943
bull Defeated Mussolini by August 1943 ndash Mussolini overthrown
bull Germany weakened by having to fight Allies in Italy to save Mussolini
Northern Africa to Italy
Aug 1942 Battle of Stalingrad
bull 1942 Hitler still stalled outside Leningrad switch to oil rich Stalingrad in the South ndash Germans surrounded
city ndash Soviets from North
surrounded Germans ndash Fought street by street
house by house bull Early 1943 Germans
surrendered and were pushed out of USSR by Aug 1944
D-Day
bull 1944 US General Eisenhower prepared to open second European Front ndash Bombed German factories
cities and aircraft to weaken army
bull June 6 1944 Paratroopers dropped into France at dawn soldiers stormed the beaches of Normandy France others entered through Italy French resisted from inside Paris
bull All of France free by September 1944
Hitler‟s Last Stand
bull Battle of the Bulge Dec 1944- Battle in Ardennes Mts Of Belgium ndash Offensive by Germans to
split the Allied army in half ndash Initially successful but
Allies prevailed pushing into Germany bull April 1945 Americans meet
Soviets at Elbe River bull Mussolini assassinated Hitler
committed suicide and European conflict officially over on VE Day May 8 1945 (Victory in Europe)
WAR IN THE PACIFIC
Bataan Death March
bull May 1942 Japan takes
control of US Phillipines ndash Forced 75000 American
soldiers and Filipino
civilians on a 68 mile
march to remove the
enemy forces from areas
around their next area of
attack bull Starved beaten tortured
murdered
Island Hopping Campaign bull General McArthur
successful at The Battle of Midway in June 1942 ndash Began hopping from
Island to Island retaking Japanese controlled lands
bull British fighting in Burma and Malaya staged from which colony ndash McArthur had vowed to
return to help Philippines Oct 1944 kept promise
Gloom in the Pacific
bull 1945 war in Europe over
all resources into Pacific
but Japan still strong and ndash Japanese began Kamikaze
missions (which are)
ndash Japanese fought to the
death rather than surrender
at Iwo Jima and Okinawa
bull Success seemed far way
The Allies Choice
bull Planned an invasion of Japan but fearful of Allied casualties
bull July 1945 International group of scientists completed the Manhattan Project successfully testing an atomic bomb in what State
bull President Harry Truman (what happened to FDR) gives Emperor Hirohito an ultimatum surrender or face ldquoutter and complete destructionrdquo-Japan ignores
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
bull August 6 1945-Atomic bomb instantly kills 70000 Japanese citizens Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 8 1945-Soviets declare war and invade Manchuria Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 9 1945-US bomb Nagasaki- atomic bomb instantly kills 40000 Japanese
bull August 10th Hirohito forces Japanese military to surrender officially ending the war in September
Atomic Bomb Debate
bull Should the US have dropped the bombs
Why or Why not ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against the use
of atomic bombs to end WWII
ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against keeping
or destroying all atomic bombs now
Effects of the War
bull Mass Casualties ndash 75 million people total
bull 22 million in the Soviet Union alone (most)
bull Nuremberg Trials ndash Axis powers tried for
Crimes against humanity bull 142 Germans and
Austrians (many Nazi leaders) tried and sentenced to death for their associations with the Holocaust
bull Similar trials in Japan for what actions
ndash Served to show military could be held responsible for their actions exposed the horrors of fascists and dictators hoping to secure a place for democracy
Holocaust Facts
bull 6 million Jews 4 million more gypsies Slavic peoples homosexuals or physically handicapped systematically killed
bull Millions more enslaved in work camps used for medical experiments
bull Jews and others fought back ndash Destroyed gas
chambers ndash Hid Jewish people ndash Denmark and Bulgaria
managed to save almost their entire Jewish population
Denmark‟s Jews
bull Niels Bohr (Danish physicist contracted to work on The Manhattan Project in US) snuck out of Denmark to Neutral Sweden for safe passage to US when arrived in Sweden refused to leave to the US until they agreed to offer asylum to all the Danish Jews All Jews were quietly snuck out of Denmark with the help of the failing Danish government and ordinary citizens who had been hiding them during the German occupation
United Nations
bull April 1945 50 nations created the UN Charter in San Francisco
bull 5 permanent members of the Security Council US Britain France Soviet Union (now Russia) and China ndash Can veto the decisions of the others-all must agree in order
to take action often a weakness for the organization bull Dedicated to keeping World Peace through international
peace keeping missions ndash Work towards strengthening education preventing disease
poverty and hunger bull Relies upon local governments for coordination-often
leading to inefficiencies when the governments are the ones creating the problems
Extra Credit Assignment
bull Pretend you are President Harry Truman trying to convince the US Congress to allow the US the join the United Nations since they wanted to stay out of the League of Nations years previously Write a 12 sentence speech convincing Congress to join using what you have learned from WWII and create a propaganda poster to support your speech
bull Due the Day we return from Christmas Break-Will replace a quiz grade with a 100 if done well
Women find new Freedom
bull Showed they were strong and independent during War Time Economy ndash Gained right to vote in US
in 1920 bull New inventions freed up
time ndash Vacuums for Floors ndash Dishwashers for plates
bull Now what will these housewives do ndash Flappers Women pushed
up their hemlines chopped off their hair began going out at night without their fathers or older brothers and more women got college educations
Chief Check 59 1 What was the Kellog-Briand Pact 2 Why did the US not join the League of Nations
(we discussed this last unit it is not in your notes- use the political cartoon to the right)
3 How did Stalinrsquos economic plan differ from that of Leninrsquos
4 How did the peasantrsquos react to Stalinrsquos agricultural plan
5 What are the ldquoShow Trialsrdquo of Stalin 6 What caused the demand for raw materials in the
US to go down thus causing less people to buy industrial products because they couldnrsquot afford them leading industrial production to decrease as well
A Great Purge B Black Tuesday C Collectives D Totalitarianism E Globalization
7 How did new inventions give women more freedom
8 What is a flapper
bull All people wanted a piece of the booming 20rsquos Stock Market
bull Speculation ndash Buying stocks believing
they would go up and up ndash Like their refrigerators
people bought these stocks by ldquomargin buyingrdquo- paid for part and rich stock brokers paid for the rest with interest bull Uncertainty in the market
in autumn of 1929 lead Brokers to ask these investors to pay NOW
bull Only way to pay at this time was to sell their stocks bringing the market further down
bull PANIC set in More and more people continued to sell to salvage what they could
The Crash of bdquo29
Great Depression Begins
bull Video
bull Government Reaction ndash President Hoover stuck
to firm capitalist viewhelliphow should the government intervene in this slumping economy Did this help
ndash Franklin D Roosevelt elected in 1932 stated government MUST TAKE ACTION bull Creates his New Deal of
the 3 Rrsquos Relief Recovery and Reform
What do you call this
FDR‟s New Deal bull Relief
ndash Subsidies to farmers suffering from The Dust Bowl and sinking production
ndash Unemployment Benefits
bull Recovery ndash Public Works Programs
Funded government paid jobs to build roads museums parks bridges schools
bull Reform ndash Deposits at Banks
ensured by government ndash Social Security benefits
for retirement and disability
Houses were shut tight and cloth wedged around doors and windows but the dust came in so thinly that it could not be seen in the air and it settled like pollen on the chairs and tables on the dishes ~ Grapes of Wrath
Global Economic Crisis bull How were European economies after WWI
ndash American Banks crashing during 1930rsquos and stopped loaning to foreign governments
ndash US government demanded the Europeans repay their war debthellipbut unable
bull US tried to compensate by raising tariffs (which are) ndash Backfired-others raised their tariffs to
compensatehellipshutting each other out of the global market
THE COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE WARS
3 CHINA AND JAPAN
After the Open Door Policy
bull How was Chinarsquos Republic after it was open to trade
bull 1912 Became a military state-warlords took advantage of local communities fighting and famine throughout China
bull What did Japan get from the Treaty of Versailles (reason they entered) ndash Japan seeks greater power to
make China a protectorate (internally free internationally a territory of another country)
Japan After the War
bull Control by Emperor Hirohito 1926 ndash Became the China of
the 19th Century (all goods made in Japan using cheap labor)
ndash Nationalism rose over the ldquoYellow Perilrdquo (which is)
ndash Military domination in the government by 1937 bull Children were taught
ldquoThe Way of the Subjectsrdquo or how they were to give total obedience to the government and emperor
Japan Invades China
bull Manchurian Incident ndash Blew up their own
Japanese railroad line in Manchuria China-blamed Chinese
ndash 1931 Japan invaded Manchuria bull Leaders of China ignore
and continue fighting each other
bull 1937 Japan Bombs major cities such as Beijing
bull Rape of Nanjing ndash Japanese enter city killing
hundreds of thousands brutalizing thousands more (video)
THE COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE WARS 4 ITALY
Effects of WWI on Italy
bull Disappointed Why ndash Nationalism soared
bull Veterans and peasants in
economic ruin
bull Constant uprising and
need for strong control
Fascism bull Lead to the creation of
the Fascist Party by Benito Mussolini ndash Based on fasces
(sticks wrapped around an axe) the Roman symbol of authority
ndash Goal to create a non communist authoritarian government bull Glorifying action
violence discipline and absolute blind obedience to the state
bull Antidemocratic rejecting reason and equality
bull Echoed Expansion under idea of Social Darwinism (which is)
Mussolini‟s Italy
bull Given the Prime Minister position by King to avoid conflict
bull 1925 Seized more power called Il Duce (eel doochay) ndash Censorship ndash Secret Police ndash Corrupt elections given Fascist
leaders control bull Fascist party members
(individually) controlled business not the government
bull Men called to ruthless military duty
bull Women called to motherhood bull Strict military style education
glorifying Rome and Italy
THE COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE WARS 5 GERMANY
Review Effects of the Treaty of Versailles
bull In 1919 created a democratic Weimar Republic
bull Who was blamed for WWI bull What did they have to pay
ndash Reparations killing economy bull What important economic areas did
they lose ndash Coal rich industrial towns no longer in
their control bull Answer to economic problem Print
More Money Why is this a problem ndash Principle of Supply and Demand-Supply
high value lessons ndash Leads to massive inflation
bull Look for scapegoats-some blamed the Jewish people (why)
Dawes Plan bull World Rallied to
help Weimer Republic ndash France
withdrew from Coal rich Ruhr Valley
ndash US France and Britain lower reparations payments
bull Recovered but then killed again by Great Depression
Rise of Adolf Hitler
bull 1920 National Socialist German Workers party created (Nazirsquos-not socialists at all) ndash NOT SOCIALIST-
FACIST (what is this)
bull Urged Germans all over the world to unite and expand
bull Demanded Germany needed a strong leader or Fuhrer
Mein Kampf bull Published Mein Kampf
ldquoMy Strugglerdquo 1925 ndash Outlines Nazi ideology
and goals bull Extreme Nationalism bull Superiority of the Germans
Throw off the chains of the Treaty of Versailles and create a world dominated by the superior German Aryan Race
bull Anti-Semitism (what is it) ndashBelief Jews were conspiring to overthrow the government states that the gassing of thousands of Jews would mean that the sacrifice of millions of soldiers will not be in vain
Hitler‟s Democratic Take-over bull What 2 main circumstances in Germany played into Hitlerrsquos rise
bull Promised to end reparations create jobs and arm Germany for the
future
bull Nazis gained more and more legislative seats
bull By the democratic process Hitler elected Chancellor (leader) in 1933
bull Took 1 year to suspend civil rights and disbanded all opposing
political parties executing any party members he believed were
disloyal (speech)
Hitler‟s Third Reich
bull Why the Third Reich bull Totalitarianism
ndash Power by what means bull Economic
ndash Public Works programs (which are) bull Highways trains housing bull Rebuilt industry through arms
development bull Employment soaredhellipthe people
cheered
bull Social Policy ndash Hitler Youth indoctrinated with
racism and absolute loyalty ndash Censorship toward pure German
Society (burned books propaganda) ndash Pure Aryan women rewarded for
having babies turned away from universities and upper level positions
Cultural Purge
bull Churches Close ndash Hitler Christianity
ldquoweakrdquo ndash All Protestant
faiths combined into a state church indoctrinating Aryan superiority
ndash Some Catholic churches closed if spoke out against Nazi regime
Nuremberg Laws 1935
bull Laws stated Jewish people could NOT
bull Marry non Jews
bull Attend or teach in German
schools
bull Hold Government positions
bull Practice Law or Medicine
bull Publish Books
bull Urged the unprovoked
beatings of Jewish people in public ndash Effect many German Jews like Albert Einstein fled
Night of the Broken Glass ldquoKristallnachtrdquo
bull November 7 1938 a young Jew who had watched his parents be mistreated in Germany shot a German diplomat in Paris ndash From article Specifically
why was Grynszpan mad ndash Goebbels and Hitler want
who to rise up and attack the Jewish people Did this happen Who did
bull Hitler reacted by attacking Jewish communities (called) ndash Destroyed buildings burned
synagogues and dragged Jewish people into the street for public beatings
World Reaction
bull World swiftly and negatively reacted to The Night of the Broken Glass
bull Hitlerrsquos response ndash Make the Jewish people
pay for the damage ndash Increase his campaign by
forcing them into concentration camps (what are these)
ndash Began plotting his ldquofinal solutionrdquo (which was)
ldquoWork makes one Freerdquo
bull ldquoThe Nazis came first for the Communists But I wasnrsquot Communist so I didnrsquot speak up Then they came for the Jews but I wasnrsquot a Jew so I didnrsquot speak uphellipThen they came for the unionists but I was a Protestant so I didnrsquot speak up Then they came for me By that time there was no one left to speak uprdquo ndash Lutheran Minister Martin Niemoller
bull What lesson can be learned from this
Critical Thinking
bull Find 6 similarities between the Totalitarian
States of the USSR Italy and Germany
APPEASING THE ENEMY
Policy of Appeasement 1936 bull Appeasement Giving
into the demands of aggressors in order to keep peace ndash West did everything from
weak sanctions to ignoring aggressive behavior to avoid War bull Italy invaded Ethiopia
1935 ndash League of Nations (whorsquos
involved) passed economic sanctions but couldnrsquot enforce them
bull 1936 Germans invaded the Rhineland (demilitarized no manrsquos land protecting France from Germany)
ndash France and Britain turn a blinds eye
ndash WHY
1935 US Passes Neutrality Acts
bull Neutrality Acts ndash US will not do the
following with
countries at war bull Sell arms
bull Loan money
bull Have Americans
travel on their ships
(why)
1936 The Axis of ldquoEvilrdquo
bull Germany Italy and
Japan form an
alliance to ldquoend
communismrdquo ndash Really an
agreement to NOT
stop each other
from expanding
1936 Spain falls to Fascist Franco with Nazi Germany‟s help
bull Germany bombs Guernica Spain as a dress rehearsal for their new war planes- 1600 innocent civilians were killed
A neutral Europe
bull On your map choose a color for countries that remained as neutral as humanly possible in this case Color and label the following (Good practice for the Map Quiz tomorrow) ndash Switzerland ndash Sweden ndash Republic of Ireland ndash Portugal ndash Spain
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Germany
ndash Italy
ndash Northern Africa
German Expansion
bull What were Hitlerrsquos goals ndash Unite Germans
everywhere ndash Create more living
space bull 1st Move 1938 Annex
Austria his birthplace (easily fell Europe did nothing)
bull 2nd Move 1938 Demand the annexation of the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia which was home to mostly Germans
ndash Munich Conference-Germany ldquopromisedrdquo to not invade any more land so Britain and France persuaded Czechs to surrender the territory
bull Soon to be Prime Minister of Great Britain (1940) Winston Churchill said of the decision ndash ldquoThey had to
chose between war or dishonor They chose dishonor they will have warrdquo
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Austria
ndash Czechoslovakia (Find Czech Republic and
Slovakia) Color them both in
Assignment bull Create your own political cartoon that
expresses the effects of Appeasement and Neutrality upon Europe ndash Create a Catchy Title and Write it on the Top
line in Marker ndash Draw the Picture in the box and COLOR and or
use BLACK MARKER to outline any pencil markshellipyou will not be graded on your drawing ability but you will be graded on your creativity use of historical information neatness overall effort and your ability to stay on task
ndash Sign the bottom
Nazi-Soviet Pact 1939
bull August nonaggression pact between Germany and Soviet Union signed ndash Would not fight if the
other went to war ndash Divide Poland and
Eastern Europe between them bull Soviets reason Gain
territory and time to build arms
bull Germany free to take Poland avoid a two front war (why)
The Poland Promise
bull Hitler didnrsquot stop at the Sudetenland and took more and more of Czechoslovakia
bull Britain and France accepted the failure of appeasement and promised to protect Poland Germany obvious next move ndash September 1939 Nazirsquos invade
Poland and Britain and France honor their agreement declaring war on Germany
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries that are Axis Controlled Color and label the following ndash Poland ndash Yugoslavia (Find Serbia color it all in) ndash Romania ndash Hungary ndash Bulgaria ndash Greece ndash Albania
THE BEGINNINGS OF WWII EARLY AXIS ACHIEVEMENTS
Nazi Blitzkrieg
bull Blitzkrieg ldquoLightning Warrdquo ndash German strategy to
do a series of quick constant attacks to keep the enemy from easily responding bull Easily took Norway
Denmark Netherlands Belgium sites set on France
The Fall of France
bull British troops were evacuated bull German Attacked from the
North bull Italy from the South bull Outnumbered and
demoralized France Falls ndash June 1940 forced to
surrender in the same place Germany was forced to sign the Treaty of Versailles
ndash French officers including Charles de Gaulle escaped to Britain to plan liberation
ndash French continued guerrilla warfare against the Axis powers
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Denmark
ndash Norway
ndash Netherlands
ndash Belgium
ndash France
Operation Sea Lion
bull Battle of Britain-Failure of the Blitz ndash Winston Churchill ldquoWe
shall never surrenderrdquo ndash August 1940 first bombs
by German plains bull 57 Day campaign of
bombing London bull People defiantly
continued their lives 15000 people lost their lives Parliament still met King and Queen went to bomb shelters with citizens
ndash May 1941 Hitler calls it a failure and calls a new strategy
Operation Barbarossa History Repeats itself
bull June 1941 Turned sites on Soviet Union ndash Caught Stalin off guard
leading to the death of 2 frac12 million soldiers in 6 months (Why) bull Nazi-Soviet Pact bull Many top officers assassinated
during Stalinrsquos purge ndash Soviets turned to burning
crops and animals destroying cities to avoid Germans taking them bull Called bull Scorched Earth Policy bull So also like Napoleon what
happens when winter comes
Siege of Leningrad lasts 2 frac12 years bull Millions die of hunger Britain reemerges to help
Soviets with creating a 2 Front War on Germany
US‟s 1941 1 Sided Neutrality
bull Lend-Lease Act FDR can lend war materials to any country whose defense the president thinks is vital to keeping the US safe ndash ldquoArsenal of democracyrdquo lend arms to those fighting for freedom ndash Meaning who in this war
bull Atlantic Charter secret meeting between Churchill and FDR- destroy Nazis people right to chose how they are governed
ldquoA Date which will remain in infamyrdquo
bull Japan is creating a growing Pacific Empire
bull Under Atlantic Charter US stops providing war materials to JapanhellipWhy
bull Japan mad-General Tojo orders attacks on American Military Fleet in Pearl Harbor
bull December 7 1941 declares war on Japan
bull December 11 rest of Axis powers declare war on US
bull Beginning of 1942-Axis powers at their height of control
EUROPEAN SUCCESS
Distrustful Allies
bull Stalin Churchill and FDR distrust each other ndash Stalin fearful Churchill
and FDR deliberately delaying the beginning of Western Front war to weaken Communism
ndash Roosevelt leery Churchill will want to expand British Imperial power
The Side Effects of Total War
bull Allies began Total War (meaning) ndash Men drafted to war ndash Propaganda
bull Posters news broadcasts everything showed the evils of Japanese and Germans Rosie the Riveter pics urged women into factories
ndash Effects ndash Women urged to do their part by
kicking off their dresses and working in factories building war materials
ndash Rationing of food and war materials ndash 1942 Japanese Americans lost their jobs
property and rights by being interned in camps because of fear they were loyal to Japan
bull Began attack in Northern Africa ndash Forced surrender of
Axis army in Northern Africa in May 1943
ndash Staging ground for invasion of Italy
bull Invaded Italy in July 1943
bull Defeated Mussolini by August 1943 ndash Mussolini overthrown
bull Germany weakened by having to fight Allies in Italy to save Mussolini
Northern Africa to Italy
Aug 1942 Battle of Stalingrad
bull 1942 Hitler still stalled outside Leningrad switch to oil rich Stalingrad in the South ndash Germans surrounded
city ndash Soviets from North
surrounded Germans ndash Fought street by street
house by house bull Early 1943 Germans
surrendered and were pushed out of USSR by Aug 1944
D-Day
bull 1944 US General Eisenhower prepared to open second European Front ndash Bombed German factories
cities and aircraft to weaken army
bull June 6 1944 Paratroopers dropped into France at dawn soldiers stormed the beaches of Normandy France others entered through Italy French resisted from inside Paris
bull All of France free by September 1944
Hitler‟s Last Stand
bull Battle of the Bulge Dec 1944- Battle in Ardennes Mts Of Belgium ndash Offensive by Germans to
split the Allied army in half ndash Initially successful but
Allies prevailed pushing into Germany bull April 1945 Americans meet
Soviets at Elbe River bull Mussolini assassinated Hitler
committed suicide and European conflict officially over on VE Day May 8 1945 (Victory in Europe)
WAR IN THE PACIFIC
Bataan Death March
bull May 1942 Japan takes
control of US Phillipines ndash Forced 75000 American
soldiers and Filipino
civilians on a 68 mile
march to remove the
enemy forces from areas
around their next area of
attack bull Starved beaten tortured
murdered
Island Hopping Campaign bull General McArthur
successful at The Battle of Midway in June 1942 ndash Began hopping from
Island to Island retaking Japanese controlled lands
bull British fighting in Burma and Malaya staged from which colony ndash McArthur had vowed to
return to help Philippines Oct 1944 kept promise
Gloom in the Pacific
bull 1945 war in Europe over
all resources into Pacific
but Japan still strong and ndash Japanese began Kamikaze
missions (which are)
ndash Japanese fought to the
death rather than surrender
at Iwo Jima and Okinawa
bull Success seemed far way
The Allies Choice
bull Planned an invasion of Japan but fearful of Allied casualties
bull July 1945 International group of scientists completed the Manhattan Project successfully testing an atomic bomb in what State
bull President Harry Truman (what happened to FDR) gives Emperor Hirohito an ultimatum surrender or face ldquoutter and complete destructionrdquo-Japan ignores
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
bull August 6 1945-Atomic bomb instantly kills 70000 Japanese citizens Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 8 1945-Soviets declare war and invade Manchuria Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 9 1945-US bomb Nagasaki- atomic bomb instantly kills 40000 Japanese
bull August 10th Hirohito forces Japanese military to surrender officially ending the war in September
Atomic Bomb Debate
bull Should the US have dropped the bombs
Why or Why not ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against the use
of atomic bombs to end WWII
ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against keeping
or destroying all atomic bombs now
Effects of the War
bull Mass Casualties ndash 75 million people total
bull 22 million in the Soviet Union alone (most)
bull Nuremberg Trials ndash Axis powers tried for
Crimes against humanity bull 142 Germans and
Austrians (many Nazi leaders) tried and sentenced to death for their associations with the Holocaust
bull Similar trials in Japan for what actions
ndash Served to show military could be held responsible for their actions exposed the horrors of fascists and dictators hoping to secure a place for democracy
Holocaust Facts
bull 6 million Jews 4 million more gypsies Slavic peoples homosexuals or physically handicapped systematically killed
bull Millions more enslaved in work camps used for medical experiments
bull Jews and others fought back ndash Destroyed gas
chambers ndash Hid Jewish people ndash Denmark and Bulgaria
managed to save almost their entire Jewish population
Denmark‟s Jews
bull Niels Bohr (Danish physicist contracted to work on The Manhattan Project in US) snuck out of Denmark to Neutral Sweden for safe passage to US when arrived in Sweden refused to leave to the US until they agreed to offer asylum to all the Danish Jews All Jews were quietly snuck out of Denmark with the help of the failing Danish government and ordinary citizens who had been hiding them during the German occupation
United Nations
bull April 1945 50 nations created the UN Charter in San Francisco
bull 5 permanent members of the Security Council US Britain France Soviet Union (now Russia) and China ndash Can veto the decisions of the others-all must agree in order
to take action often a weakness for the organization bull Dedicated to keeping World Peace through international
peace keeping missions ndash Work towards strengthening education preventing disease
poverty and hunger bull Relies upon local governments for coordination-often
leading to inefficiencies when the governments are the ones creating the problems
Extra Credit Assignment
bull Pretend you are President Harry Truman trying to convince the US Congress to allow the US the join the United Nations since they wanted to stay out of the League of Nations years previously Write a 12 sentence speech convincing Congress to join using what you have learned from WWII and create a propaganda poster to support your speech
bull Due the Day we return from Christmas Break-Will replace a quiz grade with a 100 if done well
Chief Check 59 1 What was the Kellog-Briand Pact 2 Why did the US not join the League of Nations
(we discussed this last unit it is not in your notes- use the political cartoon to the right)
3 How did Stalinrsquos economic plan differ from that of Leninrsquos
4 How did the peasantrsquos react to Stalinrsquos agricultural plan
5 What are the ldquoShow Trialsrdquo of Stalin 6 What caused the demand for raw materials in the
US to go down thus causing less people to buy industrial products because they couldnrsquot afford them leading industrial production to decrease as well
A Great Purge B Black Tuesday C Collectives D Totalitarianism E Globalization
7 How did new inventions give women more freedom
8 What is a flapper
bull All people wanted a piece of the booming 20rsquos Stock Market
bull Speculation ndash Buying stocks believing
they would go up and up ndash Like their refrigerators
people bought these stocks by ldquomargin buyingrdquo- paid for part and rich stock brokers paid for the rest with interest bull Uncertainty in the market
in autumn of 1929 lead Brokers to ask these investors to pay NOW
bull Only way to pay at this time was to sell their stocks bringing the market further down
bull PANIC set in More and more people continued to sell to salvage what they could
The Crash of bdquo29
Great Depression Begins
bull Video
bull Government Reaction ndash President Hoover stuck
to firm capitalist viewhelliphow should the government intervene in this slumping economy Did this help
ndash Franklin D Roosevelt elected in 1932 stated government MUST TAKE ACTION bull Creates his New Deal of
the 3 Rrsquos Relief Recovery and Reform
What do you call this
FDR‟s New Deal bull Relief
ndash Subsidies to farmers suffering from The Dust Bowl and sinking production
ndash Unemployment Benefits
bull Recovery ndash Public Works Programs
Funded government paid jobs to build roads museums parks bridges schools
bull Reform ndash Deposits at Banks
ensured by government ndash Social Security benefits
for retirement and disability
Houses were shut tight and cloth wedged around doors and windows but the dust came in so thinly that it could not be seen in the air and it settled like pollen on the chairs and tables on the dishes ~ Grapes of Wrath
Global Economic Crisis bull How were European economies after WWI
ndash American Banks crashing during 1930rsquos and stopped loaning to foreign governments
ndash US government demanded the Europeans repay their war debthellipbut unable
bull US tried to compensate by raising tariffs (which are) ndash Backfired-others raised their tariffs to
compensatehellipshutting each other out of the global market
THE COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE WARS
3 CHINA AND JAPAN
After the Open Door Policy
bull How was Chinarsquos Republic after it was open to trade
bull 1912 Became a military state-warlords took advantage of local communities fighting and famine throughout China
bull What did Japan get from the Treaty of Versailles (reason they entered) ndash Japan seeks greater power to
make China a protectorate (internally free internationally a territory of another country)
Japan After the War
bull Control by Emperor Hirohito 1926 ndash Became the China of
the 19th Century (all goods made in Japan using cheap labor)
ndash Nationalism rose over the ldquoYellow Perilrdquo (which is)
ndash Military domination in the government by 1937 bull Children were taught
ldquoThe Way of the Subjectsrdquo or how they were to give total obedience to the government and emperor
Japan Invades China
bull Manchurian Incident ndash Blew up their own
Japanese railroad line in Manchuria China-blamed Chinese
ndash 1931 Japan invaded Manchuria bull Leaders of China ignore
and continue fighting each other
bull 1937 Japan Bombs major cities such as Beijing
bull Rape of Nanjing ndash Japanese enter city killing
hundreds of thousands brutalizing thousands more (video)
THE COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE WARS 4 ITALY
Effects of WWI on Italy
bull Disappointed Why ndash Nationalism soared
bull Veterans and peasants in
economic ruin
bull Constant uprising and
need for strong control
Fascism bull Lead to the creation of
the Fascist Party by Benito Mussolini ndash Based on fasces
(sticks wrapped around an axe) the Roman symbol of authority
ndash Goal to create a non communist authoritarian government bull Glorifying action
violence discipline and absolute blind obedience to the state
bull Antidemocratic rejecting reason and equality
bull Echoed Expansion under idea of Social Darwinism (which is)
Mussolini‟s Italy
bull Given the Prime Minister position by King to avoid conflict
bull 1925 Seized more power called Il Duce (eel doochay) ndash Censorship ndash Secret Police ndash Corrupt elections given Fascist
leaders control bull Fascist party members
(individually) controlled business not the government
bull Men called to ruthless military duty
bull Women called to motherhood bull Strict military style education
glorifying Rome and Italy
THE COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE WARS 5 GERMANY
Review Effects of the Treaty of Versailles
bull In 1919 created a democratic Weimar Republic
bull Who was blamed for WWI bull What did they have to pay
ndash Reparations killing economy bull What important economic areas did
they lose ndash Coal rich industrial towns no longer in
their control bull Answer to economic problem Print
More Money Why is this a problem ndash Principle of Supply and Demand-Supply
high value lessons ndash Leads to massive inflation
bull Look for scapegoats-some blamed the Jewish people (why)
Dawes Plan bull World Rallied to
help Weimer Republic ndash France
withdrew from Coal rich Ruhr Valley
ndash US France and Britain lower reparations payments
bull Recovered but then killed again by Great Depression
Rise of Adolf Hitler
bull 1920 National Socialist German Workers party created (Nazirsquos-not socialists at all) ndash NOT SOCIALIST-
FACIST (what is this)
bull Urged Germans all over the world to unite and expand
bull Demanded Germany needed a strong leader or Fuhrer
Mein Kampf bull Published Mein Kampf
ldquoMy Strugglerdquo 1925 ndash Outlines Nazi ideology
and goals bull Extreme Nationalism bull Superiority of the Germans
Throw off the chains of the Treaty of Versailles and create a world dominated by the superior German Aryan Race
bull Anti-Semitism (what is it) ndashBelief Jews were conspiring to overthrow the government states that the gassing of thousands of Jews would mean that the sacrifice of millions of soldiers will not be in vain
Hitler‟s Democratic Take-over bull What 2 main circumstances in Germany played into Hitlerrsquos rise
bull Promised to end reparations create jobs and arm Germany for the
future
bull Nazis gained more and more legislative seats
bull By the democratic process Hitler elected Chancellor (leader) in 1933
bull Took 1 year to suspend civil rights and disbanded all opposing
political parties executing any party members he believed were
disloyal (speech)
Hitler‟s Third Reich
bull Why the Third Reich bull Totalitarianism
ndash Power by what means bull Economic
ndash Public Works programs (which are) bull Highways trains housing bull Rebuilt industry through arms
development bull Employment soaredhellipthe people
cheered
bull Social Policy ndash Hitler Youth indoctrinated with
racism and absolute loyalty ndash Censorship toward pure German
Society (burned books propaganda) ndash Pure Aryan women rewarded for
having babies turned away from universities and upper level positions
Cultural Purge
bull Churches Close ndash Hitler Christianity
ldquoweakrdquo ndash All Protestant
faiths combined into a state church indoctrinating Aryan superiority
ndash Some Catholic churches closed if spoke out against Nazi regime
Nuremberg Laws 1935
bull Laws stated Jewish people could NOT
bull Marry non Jews
bull Attend or teach in German
schools
bull Hold Government positions
bull Practice Law or Medicine
bull Publish Books
bull Urged the unprovoked
beatings of Jewish people in public ndash Effect many German Jews like Albert Einstein fled
Night of the Broken Glass ldquoKristallnachtrdquo
bull November 7 1938 a young Jew who had watched his parents be mistreated in Germany shot a German diplomat in Paris ndash From article Specifically
why was Grynszpan mad ndash Goebbels and Hitler want
who to rise up and attack the Jewish people Did this happen Who did
bull Hitler reacted by attacking Jewish communities (called) ndash Destroyed buildings burned
synagogues and dragged Jewish people into the street for public beatings
World Reaction
bull World swiftly and negatively reacted to The Night of the Broken Glass
bull Hitlerrsquos response ndash Make the Jewish people
pay for the damage ndash Increase his campaign by
forcing them into concentration camps (what are these)
ndash Began plotting his ldquofinal solutionrdquo (which was)
ldquoWork makes one Freerdquo
bull ldquoThe Nazis came first for the Communists But I wasnrsquot Communist so I didnrsquot speak up Then they came for the Jews but I wasnrsquot a Jew so I didnrsquot speak uphellipThen they came for the unionists but I was a Protestant so I didnrsquot speak up Then they came for me By that time there was no one left to speak uprdquo ndash Lutheran Minister Martin Niemoller
bull What lesson can be learned from this
Critical Thinking
bull Find 6 similarities between the Totalitarian
States of the USSR Italy and Germany
APPEASING THE ENEMY
Policy of Appeasement 1936 bull Appeasement Giving
into the demands of aggressors in order to keep peace ndash West did everything from
weak sanctions to ignoring aggressive behavior to avoid War bull Italy invaded Ethiopia
1935 ndash League of Nations (whorsquos
involved) passed economic sanctions but couldnrsquot enforce them
bull 1936 Germans invaded the Rhineland (demilitarized no manrsquos land protecting France from Germany)
ndash France and Britain turn a blinds eye
ndash WHY
1935 US Passes Neutrality Acts
bull Neutrality Acts ndash US will not do the
following with
countries at war bull Sell arms
bull Loan money
bull Have Americans
travel on their ships
(why)
1936 The Axis of ldquoEvilrdquo
bull Germany Italy and
Japan form an
alliance to ldquoend
communismrdquo ndash Really an
agreement to NOT
stop each other
from expanding
1936 Spain falls to Fascist Franco with Nazi Germany‟s help
bull Germany bombs Guernica Spain as a dress rehearsal for their new war planes- 1600 innocent civilians were killed
A neutral Europe
bull On your map choose a color for countries that remained as neutral as humanly possible in this case Color and label the following (Good practice for the Map Quiz tomorrow) ndash Switzerland ndash Sweden ndash Republic of Ireland ndash Portugal ndash Spain
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Germany
ndash Italy
ndash Northern Africa
German Expansion
bull What were Hitlerrsquos goals ndash Unite Germans
everywhere ndash Create more living
space bull 1st Move 1938 Annex
Austria his birthplace (easily fell Europe did nothing)
bull 2nd Move 1938 Demand the annexation of the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia which was home to mostly Germans
ndash Munich Conference-Germany ldquopromisedrdquo to not invade any more land so Britain and France persuaded Czechs to surrender the territory
bull Soon to be Prime Minister of Great Britain (1940) Winston Churchill said of the decision ndash ldquoThey had to
chose between war or dishonor They chose dishonor they will have warrdquo
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Austria
ndash Czechoslovakia (Find Czech Republic and
Slovakia) Color them both in
Assignment bull Create your own political cartoon that
expresses the effects of Appeasement and Neutrality upon Europe ndash Create a Catchy Title and Write it on the Top
line in Marker ndash Draw the Picture in the box and COLOR and or
use BLACK MARKER to outline any pencil markshellipyou will not be graded on your drawing ability but you will be graded on your creativity use of historical information neatness overall effort and your ability to stay on task
ndash Sign the bottom
Nazi-Soviet Pact 1939
bull August nonaggression pact between Germany and Soviet Union signed ndash Would not fight if the
other went to war ndash Divide Poland and
Eastern Europe between them bull Soviets reason Gain
territory and time to build arms
bull Germany free to take Poland avoid a two front war (why)
The Poland Promise
bull Hitler didnrsquot stop at the Sudetenland and took more and more of Czechoslovakia
bull Britain and France accepted the failure of appeasement and promised to protect Poland Germany obvious next move ndash September 1939 Nazirsquos invade
Poland and Britain and France honor their agreement declaring war on Germany
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries that are Axis Controlled Color and label the following ndash Poland ndash Yugoslavia (Find Serbia color it all in) ndash Romania ndash Hungary ndash Bulgaria ndash Greece ndash Albania
THE BEGINNINGS OF WWII EARLY AXIS ACHIEVEMENTS
Nazi Blitzkrieg
bull Blitzkrieg ldquoLightning Warrdquo ndash German strategy to
do a series of quick constant attacks to keep the enemy from easily responding bull Easily took Norway
Denmark Netherlands Belgium sites set on France
The Fall of France
bull British troops were evacuated bull German Attacked from the
North bull Italy from the South bull Outnumbered and
demoralized France Falls ndash June 1940 forced to
surrender in the same place Germany was forced to sign the Treaty of Versailles
ndash French officers including Charles de Gaulle escaped to Britain to plan liberation
ndash French continued guerrilla warfare against the Axis powers
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Denmark
ndash Norway
ndash Netherlands
ndash Belgium
ndash France
Operation Sea Lion
bull Battle of Britain-Failure of the Blitz ndash Winston Churchill ldquoWe
shall never surrenderrdquo ndash August 1940 first bombs
by German plains bull 57 Day campaign of
bombing London bull People defiantly
continued their lives 15000 people lost their lives Parliament still met King and Queen went to bomb shelters with citizens
ndash May 1941 Hitler calls it a failure and calls a new strategy
Operation Barbarossa History Repeats itself
bull June 1941 Turned sites on Soviet Union ndash Caught Stalin off guard
leading to the death of 2 frac12 million soldiers in 6 months (Why) bull Nazi-Soviet Pact bull Many top officers assassinated
during Stalinrsquos purge ndash Soviets turned to burning
crops and animals destroying cities to avoid Germans taking them bull Called bull Scorched Earth Policy bull So also like Napoleon what
happens when winter comes
Siege of Leningrad lasts 2 frac12 years bull Millions die of hunger Britain reemerges to help
Soviets with creating a 2 Front War on Germany
US‟s 1941 1 Sided Neutrality
bull Lend-Lease Act FDR can lend war materials to any country whose defense the president thinks is vital to keeping the US safe ndash ldquoArsenal of democracyrdquo lend arms to those fighting for freedom ndash Meaning who in this war
bull Atlantic Charter secret meeting between Churchill and FDR- destroy Nazis people right to chose how they are governed
ldquoA Date which will remain in infamyrdquo
bull Japan is creating a growing Pacific Empire
bull Under Atlantic Charter US stops providing war materials to JapanhellipWhy
bull Japan mad-General Tojo orders attacks on American Military Fleet in Pearl Harbor
bull December 7 1941 declares war on Japan
bull December 11 rest of Axis powers declare war on US
bull Beginning of 1942-Axis powers at their height of control
EUROPEAN SUCCESS
Distrustful Allies
bull Stalin Churchill and FDR distrust each other ndash Stalin fearful Churchill
and FDR deliberately delaying the beginning of Western Front war to weaken Communism
ndash Roosevelt leery Churchill will want to expand British Imperial power
The Side Effects of Total War
bull Allies began Total War (meaning) ndash Men drafted to war ndash Propaganda
bull Posters news broadcasts everything showed the evils of Japanese and Germans Rosie the Riveter pics urged women into factories
ndash Effects ndash Women urged to do their part by
kicking off their dresses and working in factories building war materials
ndash Rationing of food and war materials ndash 1942 Japanese Americans lost their jobs
property and rights by being interned in camps because of fear they were loyal to Japan
bull Began attack in Northern Africa ndash Forced surrender of
Axis army in Northern Africa in May 1943
ndash Staging ground for invasion of Italy
bull Invaded Italy in July 1943
bull Defeated Mussolini by August 1943 ndash Mussolini overthrown
bull Germany weakened by having to fight Allies in Italy to save Mussolini
Northern Africa to Italy
Aug 1942 Battle of Stalingrad
bull 1942 Hitler still stalled outside Leningrad switch to oil rich Stalingrad in the South ndash Germans surrounded
city ndash Soviets from North
surrounded Germans ndash Fought street by street
house by house bull Early 1943 Germans
surrendered and were pushed out of USSR by Aug 1944
D-Day
bull 1944 US General Eisenhower prepared to open second European Front ndash Bombed German factories
cities and aircraft to weaken army
bull June 6 1944 Paratroopers dropped into France at dawn soldiers stormed the beaches of Normandy France others entered through Italy French resisted from inside Paris
bull All of France free by September 1944
Hitler‟s Last Stand
bull Battle of the Bulge Dec 1944- Battle in Ardennes Mts Of Belgium ndash Offensive by Germans to
split the Allied army in half ndash Initially successful but
Allies prevailed pushing into Germany bull April 1945 Americans meet
Soviets at Elbe River bull Mussolini assassinated Hitler
committed suicide and European conflict officially over on VE Day May 8 1945 (Victory in Europe)
WAR IN THE PACIFIC
Bataan Death March
bull May 1942 Japan takes
control of US Phillipines ndash Forced 75000 American
soldiers and Filipino
civilians on a 68 mile
march to remove the
enemy forces from areas
around their next area of
attack bull Starved beaten tortured
murdered
Island Hopping Campaign bull General McArthur
successful at The Battle of Midway in June 1942 ndash Began hopping from
Island to Island retaking Japanese controlled lands
bull British fighting in Burma and Malaya staged from which colony ndash McArthur had vowed to
return to help Philippines Oct 1944 kept promise
Gloom in the Pacific
bull 1945 war in Europe over
all resources into Pacific
but Japan still strong and ndash Japanese began Kamikaze
missions (which are)
ndash Japanese fought to the
death rather than surrender
at Iwo Jima and Okinawa
bull Success seemed far way
The Allies Choice
bull Planned an invasion of Japan but fearful of Allied casualties
bull July 1945 International group of scientists completed the Manhattan Project successfully testing an atomic bomb in what State
bull President Harry Truman (what happened to FDR) gives Emperor Hirohito an ultimatum surrender or face ldquoutter and complete destructionrdquo-Japan ignores
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
bull August 6 1945-Atomic bomb instantly kills 70000 Japanese citizens Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 8 1945-Soviets declare war and invade Manchuria Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 9 1945-US bomb Nagasaki- atomic bomb instantly kills 40000 Japanese
bull August 10th Hirohito forces Japanese military to surrender officially ending the war in September
Atomic Bomb Debate
bull Should the US have dropped the bombs
Why or Why not ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against the use
of atomic bombs to end WWII
ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against keeping
or destroying all atomic bombs now
Effects of the War
bull Mass Casualties ndash 75 million people total
bull 22 million in the Soviet Union alone (most)
bull Nuremberg Trials ndash Axis powers tried for
Crimes against humanity bull 142 Germans and
Austrians (many Nazi leaders) tried and sentenced to death for their associations with the Holocaust
bull Similar trials in Japan for what actions
ndash Served to show military could be held responsible for their actions exposed the horrors of fascists and dictators hoping to secure a place for democracy
Holocaust Facts
bull 6 million Jews 4 million more gypsies Slavic peoples homosexuals or physically handicapped systematically killed
bull Millions more enslaved in work camps used for medical experiments
bull Jews and others fought back ndash Destroyed gas
chambers ndash Hid Jewish people ndash Denmark and Bulgaria
managed to save almost their entire Jewish population
Denmark‟s Jews
bull Niels Bohr (Danish physicist contracted to work on The Manhattan Project in US) snuck out of Denmark to Neutral Sweden for safe passage to US when arrived in Sweden refused to leave to the US until they agreed to offer asylum to all the Danish Jews All Jews were quietly snuck out of Denmark with the help of the failing Danish government and ordinary citizens who had been hiding them during the German occupation
United Nations
bull April 1945 50 nations created the UN Charter in San Francisco
bull 5 permanent members of the Security Council US Britain France Soviet Union (now Russia) and China ndash Can veto the decisions of the others-all must agree in order
to take action often a weakness for the organization bull Dedicated to keeping World Peace through international
peace keeping missions ndash Work towards strengthening education preventing disease
poverty and hunger bull Relies upon local governments for coordination-often
leading to inefficiencies when the governments are the ones creating the problems
Extra Credit Assignment
bull Pretend you are President Harry Truman trying to convince the US Congress to allow the US the join the United Nations since they wanted to stay out of the League of Nations years previously Write a 12 sentence speech convincing Congress to join using what you have learned from WWII and create a propaganda poster to support your speech
bull Due the Day we return from Christmas Break-Will replace a quiz grade with a 100 if done well
bull All people wanted a piece of the booming 20rsquos Stock Market
bull Speculation ndash Buying stocks believing
they would go up and up ndash Like their refrigerators
people bought these stocks by ldquomargin buyingrdquo- paid for part and rich stock brokers paid for the rest with interest bull Uncertainty in the market
in autumn of 1929 lead Brokers to ask these investors to pay NOW
bull Only way to pay at this time was to sell their stocks bringing the market further down
bull PANIC set in More and more people continued to sell to salvage what they could
The Crash of bdquo29
Great Depression Begins
bull Video
bull Government Reaction ndash President Hoover stuck
to firm capitalist viewhelliphow should the government intervene in this slumping economy Did this help
ndash Franklin D Roosevelt elected in 1932 stated government MUST TAKE ACTION bull Creates his New Deal of
the 3 Rrsquos Relief Recovery and Reform
What do you call this
FDR‟s New Deal bull Relief
ndash Subsidies to farmers suffering from The Dust Bowl and sinking production
ndash Unemployment Benefits
bull Recovery ndash Public Works Programs
Funded government paid jobs to build roads museums parks bridges schools
bull Reform ndash Deposits at Banks
ensured by government ndash Social Security benefits
for retirement and disability
Houses were shut tight and cloth wedged around doors and windows but the dust came in so thinly that it could not be seen in the air and it settled like pollen on the chairs and tables on the dishes ~ Grapes of Wrath
Global Economic Crisis bull How were European economies after WWI
ndash American Banks crashing during 1930rsquos and stopped loaning to foreign governments
ndash US government demanded the Europeans repay their war debthellipbut unable
bull US tried to compensate by raising tariffs (which are) ndash Backfired-others raised their tariffs to
compensatehellipshutting each other out of the global market
THE COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE WARS
3 CHINA AND JAPAN
After the Open Door Policy
bull How was Chinarsquos Republic after it was open to trade
bull 1912 Became a military state-warlords took advantage of local communities fighting and famine throughout China
bull What did Japan get from the Treaty of Versailles (reason they entered) ndash Japan seeks greater power to
make China a protectorate (internally free internationally a territory of another country)
Japan After the War
bull Control by Emperor Hirohito 1926 ndash Became the China of
the 19th Century (all goods made in Japan using cheap labor)
ndash Nationalism rose over the ldquoYellow Perilrdquo (which is)
ndash Military domination in the government by 1937 bull Children were taught
ldquoThe Way of the Subjectsrdquo or how they were to give total obedience to the government and emperor
Japan Invades China
bull Manchurian Incident ndash Blew up their own
Japanese railroad line in Manchuria China-blamed Chinese
ndash 1931 Japan invaded Manchuria bull Leaders of China ignore
and continue fighting each other
bull 1937 Japan Bombs major cities such as Beijing
bull Rape of Nanjing ndash Japanese enter city killing
hundreds of thousands brutalizing thousands more (video)
THE COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE WARS 4 ITALY
Effects of WWI on Italy
bull Disappointed Why ndash Nationalism soared
bull Veterans and peasants in
economic ruin
bull Constant uprising and
need for strong control
Fascism bull Lead to the creation of
the Fascist Party by Benito Mussolini ndash Based on fasces
(sticks wrapped around an axe) the Roman symbol of authority
ndash Goal to create a non communist authoritarian government bull Glorifying action
violence discipline and absolute blind obedience to the state
bull Antidemocratic rejecting reason and equality
bull Echoed Expansion under idea of Social Darwinism (which is)
Mussolini‟s Italy
bull Given the Prime Minister position by King to avoid conflict
bull 1925 Seized more power called Il Duce (eel doochay) ndash Censorship ndash Secret Police ndash Corrupt elections given Fascist
leaders control bull Fascist party members
(individually) controlled business not the government
bull Men called to ruthless military duty
bull Women called to motherhood bull Strict military style education
glorifying Rome and Italy
THE COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE WARS 5 GERMANY
Review Effects of the Treaty of Versailles
bull In 1919 created a democratic Weimar Republic
bull Who was blamed for WWI bull What did they have to pay
ndash Reparations killing economy bull What important economic areas did
they lose ndash Coal rich industrial towns no longer in
their control bull Answer to economic problem Print
More Money Why is this a problem ndash Principle of Supply and Demand-Supply
high value lessons ndash Leads to massive inflation
bull Look for scapegoats-some blamed the Jewish people (why)
Dawes Plan bull World Rallied to
help Weimer Republic ndash France
withdrew from Coal rich Ruhr Valley
ndash US France and Britain lower reparations payments
bull Recovered but then killed again by Great Depression
Rise of Adolf Hitler
bull 1920 National Socialist German Workers party created (Nazirsquos-not socialists at all) ndash NOT SOCIALIST-
FACIST (what is this)
bull Urged Germans all over the world to unite and expand
bull Demanded Germany needed a strong leader or Fuhrer
Mein Kampf bull Published Mein Kampf
ldquoMy Strugglerdquo 1925 ndash Outlines Nazi ideology
and goals bull Extreme Nationalism bull Superiority of the Germans
Throw off the chains of the Treaty of Versailles and create a world dominated by the superior German Aryan Race
bull Anti-Semitism (what is it) ndashBelief Jews were conspiring to overthrow the government states that the gassing of thousands of Jews would mean that the sacrifice of millions of soldiers will not be in vain
Hitler‟s Democratic Take-over bull What 2 main circumstances in Germany played into Hitlerrsquos rise
bull Promised to end reparations create jobs and arm Germany for the
future
bull Nazis gained more and more legislative seats
bull By the democratic process Hitler elected Chancellor (leader) in 1933
bull Took 1 year to suspend civil rights and disbanded all opposing
political parties executing any party members he believed were
disloyal (speech)
Hitler‟s Third Reich
bull Why the Third Reich bull Totalitarianism
ndash Power by what means bull Economic
ndash Public Works programs (which are) bull Highways trains housing bull Rebuilt industry through arms
development bull Employment soaredhellipthe people
cheered
bull Social Policy ndash Hitler Youth indoctrinated with
racism and absolute loyalty ndash Censorship toward pure German
Society (burned books propaganda) ndash Pure Aryan women rewarded for
having babies turned away from universities and upper level positions
Cultural Purge
bull Churches Close ndash Hitler Christianity
ldquoweakrdquo ndash All Protestant
faiths combined into a state church indoctrinating Aryan superiority
ndash Some Catholic churches closed if spoke out against Nazi regime
Nuremberg Laws 1935
bull Laws stated Jewish people could NOT
bull Marry non Jews
bull Attend or teach in German
schools
bull Hold Government positions
bull Practice Law or Medicine
bull Publish Books
bull Urged the unprovoked
beatings of Jewish people in public ndash Effect many German Jews like Albert Einstein fled
Night of the Broken Glass ldquoKristallnachtrdquo
bull November 7 1938 a young Jew who had watched his parents be mistreated in Germany shot a German diplomat in Paris ndash From article Specifically
why was Grynszpan mad ndash Goebbels and Hitler want
who to rise up and attack the Jewish people Did this happen Who did
bull Hitler reacted by attacking Jewish communities (called) ndash Destroyed buildings burned
synagogues and dragged Jewish people into the street for public beatings
World Reaction
bull World swiftly and negatively reacted to The Night of the Broken Glass
bull Hitlerrsquos response ndash Make the Jewish people
pay for the damage ndash Increase his campaign by
forcing them into concentration camps (what are these)
ndash Began plotting his ldquofinal solutionrdquo (which was)
ldquoWork makes one Freerdquo
bull ldquoThe Nazis came first for the Communists But I wasnrsquot Communist so I didnrsquot speak up Then they came for the Jews but I wasnrsquot a Jew so I didnrsquot speak uphellipThen they came for the unionists but I was a Protestant so I didnrsquot speak up Then they came for me By that time there was no one left to speak uprdquo ndash Lutheran Minister Martin Niemoller
bull What lesson can be learned from this
Critical Thinking
bull Find 6 similarities between the Totalitarian
States of the USSR Italy and Germany
APPEASING THE ENEMY
Policy of Appeasement 1936 bull Appeasement Giving
into the demands of aggressors in order to keep peace ndash West did everything from
weak sanctions to ignoring aggressive behavior to avoid War bull Italy invaded Ethiopia
1935 ndash League of Nations (whorsquos
involved) passed economic sanctions but couldnrsquot enforce them
bull 1936 Germans invaded the Rhineland (demilitarized no manrsquos land protecting France from Germany)
ndash France and Britain turn a blinds eye
ndash WHY
1935 US Passes Neutrality Acts
bull Neutrality Acts ndash US will not do the
following with
countries at war bull Sell arms
bull Loan money
bull Have Americans
travel on their ships
(why)
1936 The Axis of ldquoEvilrdquo
bull Germany Italy and
Japan form an
alliance to ldquoend
communismrdquo ndash Really an
agreement to NOT
stop each other
from expanding
1936 Spain falls to Fascist Franco with Nazi Germany‟s help
bull Germany bombs Guernica Spain as a dress rehearsal for their new war planes- 1600 innocent civilians were killed
A neutral Europe
bull On your map choose a color for countries that remained as neutral as humanly possible in this case Color and label the following (Good practice for the Map Quiz tomorrow) ndash Switzerland ndash Sweden ndash Republic of Ireland ndash Portugal ndash Spain
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Germany
ndash Italy
ndash Northern Africa
German Expansion
bull What were Hitlerrsquos goals ndash Unite Germans
everywhere ndash Create more living
space bull 1st Move 1938 Annex
Austria his birthplace (easily fell Europe did nothing)
bull 2nd Move 1938 Demand the annexation of the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia which was home to mostly Germans
ndash Munich Conference-Germany ldquopromisedrdquo to not invade any more land so Britain and France persuaded Czechs to surrender the territory
bull Soon to be Prime Minister of Great Britain (1940) Winston Churchill said of the decision ndash ldquoThey had to
chose between war or dishonor They chose dishonor they will have warrdquo
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Austria
ndash Czechoslovakia (Find Czech Republic and
Slovakia) Color them both in
Assignment bull Create your own political cartoon that
expresses the effects of Appeasement and Neutrality upon Europe ndash Create a Catchy Title and Write it on the Top
line in Marker ndash Draw the Picture in the box and COLOR and or
use BLACK MARKER to outline any pencil markshellipyou will not be graded on your drawing ability but you will be graded on your creativity use of historical information neatness overall effort and your ability to stay on task
ndash Sign the bottom
Nazi-Soviet Pact 1939
bull August nonaggression pact between Germany and Soviet Union signed ndash Would not fight if the
other went to war ndash Divide Poland and
Eastern Europe between them bull Soviets reason Gain
territory and time to build arms
bull Germany free to take Poland avoid a two front war (why)
The Poland Promise
bull Hitler didnrsquot stop at the Sudetenland and took more and more of Czechoslovakia
bull Britain and France accepted the failure of appeasement and promised to protect Poland Germany obvious next move ndash September 1939 Nazirsquos invade
Poland and Britain and France honor their agreement declaring war on Germany
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries that are Axis Controlled Color and label the following ndash Poland ndash Yugoslavia (Find Serbia color it all in) ndash Romania ndash Hungary ndash Bulgaria ndash Greece ndash Albania
THE BEGINNINGS OF WWII EARLY AXIS ACHIEVEMENTS
Nazi Blitzkrieg
bull Blitzkrieg ldquoLightning Warrdquo ndash German strategy to
do a series of quick constant attacks to keep the enemy from easily responding bull Easily took Norway
Denmark Netherlands Belgium sites set on France
The Fall of France
bull British troops were evacuated bull German Attacked from the
North bull Italy from the South bull Outnumbered and
demoralized France Falls ndash June 1940 forced to
surrender in the same place Germany was forced to sign the Treaty of Versailles
ndash French officers including Charles de Gaulle escaped to Britain to plan liberation
ndash French continued guerrilla warfare against the Axis powers
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Denmark
ndash Norway
ndash Netherlands
ndash Belgium
ndash France
Operation Sea Lion
bull Battle of Britain-Failure of the Blitz ndash Winston Churchill ldquoWe
shall never surrenderrdquo ndash August 1940 first bombs
by German plains bull 57 Day campaign of
bombing London bull People defiantly
continued their lives 15000 people lost their lives Parliament still met King and Queen went to bomb shelters with citizens
ndash May 1941 Hitler calls it a failure and calls a new strategy
Operation Barbarossa History Repeats itself
bull June 1941 Turned sites on Soviet Union ndash Caught Stalin off guard
leading to the death of 2 frac12 million soldiers in 6 months (Why) bull Nazi-Soviet Pact bull Many top officers assassinated
during Stalinrsquos purge ndash Soviets turned to burning
crops and animals destroying cities to avoid Germans taking them bull Called bull Scorched Earth Policy bull So also like Napoleon what
happens when winter comes
Siege of Leningrad lasts 2 frac12 years bull Millions die of hunger Britain reemerges to help
Soviets with creating a 2 Front War on Germany
US‟s 1941 1 Sided Neutrality
bull Lend-Lease Act FDR can lend war materials to any country whose defense the president thinks is vital to keeping the US safe ndash ldquoArsenal of democracyrdquo lend arms to those fighting for freedom ndash Meaning who in this war
bull Atlantic Charter secret meeting between Churchill and FDR- destroy Nazis people right to chose how they are governed
ldquoA Date which will remain in infamyrdquo
bull Japan is creating a growing Pacific Empire
bull Under Atlantic Charter US stops providing war materials to JapanhellipWhy
bull Japan mad-General Tojo orders attacks on American Military Fleet in Pearl Harbor
bull December 7 1941 declares war on Japan
bull December 11 rest of Axis powers declare war on US
bull Beginning of 1942-Axis powers at their height of control
EUROPEAN SUCCESS
Distrustful Allies
bull Stalin Churchill and FDR distrust each other ndash Stalin fearful Churchill
and FDR deliberately delaying the beginning of Western Front war to weaken Communism
ndash Roosevelt leery Churchill will want to expand British Imperial power
The Side Effects of Total War
bull Allies began Total War (meaning) ndash Men drafted to war ndash Propaganda
bull Posters news broadcasts everything showed the evils of Japanese and Germans Rosie the Riveter pics urged women into factories
ndash Effects ndash Women urged to do their part by
kicking off their dresses and working in factories building war materials
ndash Rationing of food and war materials ndash 1942 Japanese Americans lost their jobs
property and rights by being interned in camps because of fear they were loyal to Japan
bull Began attack in Northern Africa ndash Forced surrender of
Axis army in Northern Africa in May 1943
ndash Staging ground for invasion of Italy
bull Invaded Italy in July 1943
bull Defeated Mussolini by August 1943 ndash Mussolini overthrown
bull Germany weakened by having to fight Allies in Italy to save Mussolini
Northern Africa to Italy
Aug 1942 Battle of Stalingrad
bull 1942 Hitler still stalled outside Leningrad switch to oil rich Stalingrad in the South ndash Germans surrounded
city ndash Soviets from North
surrounded Germans ndash Fought street by street
house by house bull Early 1943 Germans
surrendered and were pushed out of USSR by Aug 1944
D-Day
bull 1944 US General Eisenhower prepared to open second European Front ndash Bombed German factories
cities and aircraft to weaken army
bull June 6 1944 Paratroopers dropped into France at dawn soldiers stormed the beaches of Normandy France others entered through Italy French resisted from inside Paris
bull All of France free by September 1944
Hitler‟s Last Stand
bull Battle of the Bulge Dec 1944- Battle in Ardennes Mts Of Belgium ndash Offensive by Germans to
split the Allied army in half ndash Initially successful but
Allies prevailed pushing into Germany bull April 1945 Americans meet
Soviets at Elbe River bull Mussolini assassinated Hitler
committed suicide and European conflict officially over on VE Day May 8 1945 (Victory in Europe)
WAR IN THE PACIFIC
Bataan Death March
bull May 1942 Japan takes
control of US Phillipines ndash Forced 75000 American
soldiers and Filipino
civilians on a 68 mile
march to remove the
enemy forces from areas
around their next area of
attack bull Starved beaten tortured
murdered
Island Hopping Campaign bull General McArthur
successful at The Battle of Midway in June 1942 ndash Began hopping from
Island to Island retaking Japanese controlled lands
bull British fighting in Burma and Malaya staged from which colony ndash McArthur had vowed to
return to help Philippines Oct 1944 kept promise
Gloom in the Pacific
bull 1945 war in Europe over
all resources into Pacific
but Japan still strong and ndash Japanese began Kamikaze
missions (which are)
ndash Japanese fought to the
death rather than surrender
at Iwo Jima and Okinawa
bull Success seemed far way
The Allies Choice
bull Planned an invasion of Japan but fearful of Allied casualties
bull July 1945 International group of scientists completed the Manhattan Project successfully testing an atomic bomb in what State
bull President Harry Truman (what happened to FDR) gives Emperor Hirohito an ultimatum surrender or face ldquoutter and complete destructionrdquo-Japan ignores
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
bull August 6 1945-Atomic bomb instantly kills 70000 Japanese citizens Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 8 1945-Soviets declare war and invade Manchuria Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 9 1945-US bomb Nagasaki- atomic bomb instantly kills 40000 Japanese
bull August 10th Hirohito forces Japanese military to surrender officially ending the war in September
Atomic Bomb Debate
bull Should the US have dropped the bombs
Why or Why not ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against the use
of atomic bombs to end WWII
ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against keeping
or destroying all atomic bombs now
Effects of the War
bull Mass Casualties ndash 75 million people total
bull 22 million in the Soviet Union alone (most)
bull Nuremberg Trials ndash Axis powers tried for
Crimes against humanity bull 142 Germans and
Austrians (many Nazi leaders) tried and sentenced to death for their associations with the Holocaust
bull Similar trials in Japan for what actions
ndash Served to show military could be held responsible for their actions exposed the horrors of fascists and dictators hoping to secure a place for democracy
Holocaust Facts
bull 6 million Jews 4 million more gypsies Slavic peoples homosexuals or physically handicapped systematically killed
bull Millions more enslaved in work camps used for medical experiments
bull Jews and others fought back ndash Destroyed gas
chambers ndash Hid Jewish people ndash Denmark and Bulgaria
managed to save almost their entire Jewish population
Denmark‟s Jews
bull Niels Bohr (Danish physicist contracted to work on The Manhattan Project in US) snuck out of Denmark to Neutral Sweden for safe passage to US when arrived in Sweden refused to leave to the US until they agreed to offer asylum to all the Danish Jews All Jews were quietly snuck out of Denmark with the help of the failing Danish government and ordinary citizens who had been hiding them during the German occupation
United Nations
bull April 1945 50 nations created the UN Charter in San Francisco
bull 5 permanent members of the Security Council US Britain France Soviet Union (now Russia) and China ndash Can veto the decisions of the others-all must agree in order
to take action often a weakness for the organization bull Dedicated to keeping World Peace through international
peace keeping missions ndash Work towards strengthening education preventing disease
poverty and hunger bull Relies upon local governments for coordination-often
leading to inefficiencies when the governments are the ones creating the problems
Extra Credit Assignment
bull Pretend you are President Harry Truman trying to convince the US Congress to allow the US the join the United Nations since they wanted to stay out of the League of Nations years previously Write a 12 sentence speech convincing Congress to join using what you have learned from WWII and create a propaganda poster to support your speech
bull Due the Day we return from Christmas Break-Will replace a quiz grade with a 100 if done well
Great Depression Begins
bull Video
bull Government Reaction ndash President Hoover stuck
to firm capitalist viewhelliphow should the government intervene in this slumping economy Did this help
ndash Franklin D Roosevelt elected in 1932 stated government MUST TAKE ACTION bull Creates his New Deal of
the 3 Rrsquos Relief Recovery and Reform
What do you call this
FDR‟s New Deal bull Relief
ndash Subsidies to farmers suffering from The Dust Bowl and sinking production
ndash Unemployment Benefits
bull Recovery ndash Public Works Programs
Funded government paid jobs to build roads museums parks bridges schools
bull Reform ndash Deposits at Banks
ensured by government ndash Social Security benefits
for retirement and disability
Houses were shut tight and cloth wedged around doors and windows but the dust came in so thinly that it could not be seen in the air and it settled like pollen on the chairs and tables on the dishes ~ Grapes of Wrath
Global Economic Crisis bull How were European economies after WWI
ndash American Banks crashing during 1930rsquos and stopped loaning to foreign governments
ndash US government demanded the Europeans repay their war debthellipbut unable
bull US tried to compensate by raising tariffs (which are) ndash Backfired-others raised their tariffs to
compensatehellipshutting each other out of the global market
THE COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE WARS
3 CHINA AND JAPAN
After the Open Door Policy
bull How was Chinarsquos Republic after it was open to trade
bull 1912 Became a military state-warlords took advantage of local communities fighting and famine throughout China
bull What did Japan get from the Treaty of Versailles (reason they entered) ndash Japan seeks greater power to
make China a protectorate (internally free internationally a territory of another country)
Japan After the War
bull Control by Emperor Hirohito 1926 ndash Became the China of
the 19th Century (all goods made in Japan using cheap labor)
ndash Nationalism rose over the ldquoYellow Perilrdquo (which is)
ndash Military domination in the government by 1937 bull Children were taught
ldquoThe Way of the Subjectsrdquo or how they were to give total obedience to the government and emperor
Japan Invades China
bull Manchurian Incident ndash Blew up their own
Japanese railroad line in Manchuria China-blamed Chinese
ndash 1931 Japan invaded Manchuria bull Leaders of China ignore
and continue fighting each other
bull 1937 Japan Bombs major cities such as Beijing
bull Rape of Nanjing ndash Japanese enter city killing
hundreds of thousands brutalizing thousands more (video)
THE COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE WARS 4 ITALY
Effects of WWI on Italy
bull Disappointed Why ndash Nationalism soared
bull Veterans and peasants in
economic ruin
bull Constant uprising and
need for strong control
Fascism bull Lead to the creation of
the Fascist Party by Benito Mussolini ndash Based on fasces
(sticks wrapped around an axe) the Roman symbol of authority
ndash Goal to create a non communist authoritarian government bull Glorifying action
violence discipline and absolute blind obedience to the state
bull Antidemocratic rejecting reason and equality
bull Echoed Expansion under idea of Social Darwinism (which is)
Mussolini‟s Italy
bull Given the Prime Minister position by King to avoid conflict
bull 1925 Seized more power called Il Duce (eel doochay) ndash Censorship ndash Secret Police ndash Corrupt elections given Fascist
leaders control bull Fascist party members
(individually) controlled business not the government
bull Men called to ruthless military duty
bull Women called to motherhood bull Strict military style education
glorifying Rome and Italy
THE COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE WARS 5 GERMANY
Review Effects of the Treaty of Versailles
bull In 1919 created a democratic Weimar Republic
bull Who was blamed for WWI bull What did they have to pay
ndash Reparations killing economy bull What important economic areas did
they lose ndash Coal rich industrial towns no longer in
their control bull Answer to economic problem Print
More Money Why is this a problem ndash Principle of Supply and Demand-Supply
high value lessons ndash Leads to massive inflation
bull Look for scapegoats-some blamed the Jewish people (why)
Dawes Plan bull World Rallied to
help Weimer Republic ndash France
withdrew from Coal rich Ruhr Valley
ndash US France and Britain lower reparations payments
bull Recovered but then killed again by Great Depression
Rise of Adolf Hitler
bull 1920 National Socialist German Workers party created (Nazirsquos-not socialists at all) ndash NOT SOCIALIST-
FACIST (what is this)
bull Urged Germans all over the world to unite and expand
bull Demanded Germany needed a strong leader or Fuhrer
Mein Kampf bull Published Mein Kampf
ldquoMy Strugglerdquo 1925 ndash Outlines Nazi ideology
and goals bull Extreme Nationalism bull Superiority of the Germans
Throw off the chains of the Treaty of Versailles and create a world dominated by the superior German Aryan Race
bull Anti-Semitism (what is it) ndashBelief Jews were conspiring to overthrow the government states that the gassing of thousands of Jews would mean that the sacrifice of millions of soldiers will not be in vain
Hitler‟s Democratic Take-over bull What 2 main circumstances in Germany played into Hitlerrsquos rise
bull Promised to end reparations create jobs and arm Germany for the
future
bull Nazis gained more and more legislative seats
bull By the democratic process Hitler elected Chancellor (leader) in 1933
bull Took 1 year to suspend civil rights and disbanded all opposing
political parties executing any party members he believed were
disloyal (speech)
Hitler‟s Third Reich
bull Why the Third Reich bull Totalitarianism
ndash Power by what means bull Economic
ndash Public Works programs (which are) bull Highways trains housing bull Rebuilt industry through arms
development bull Employment soaredhellipthe people
cheered
bull Social Policy ndash Hitler Youth indoctrinated with
racism and absolute loyalty ndash Censorship toward pure German
Society (burned books propaganda) ndash Pure Aryan women rewarded for
having babies turned away from universities and upper level positions
Cultural Purge
bull Churches Close ndash Hitler Christianity
ldquoweakrdquo ndash All Protestant
faiths combined into a state church indoctrinating Aryan superiority
ndash Some Catholic churches closed if spoke out against Nazi regime
Nuremberg Laws 1935
bull Laws stated Jewish people could NOT
bull Marry non Jews
bull Attend or teach in German
schools
bull Hold Government positions
bull Practice Law or Medicine
bull Publish Books
bull Urged the unprovoked
beatings of Jewish people in public ndash Effect many German Jews like Albert Einstein fled
Night of the Broken Glass ldquoKristallnachtrdquo
bull November 7 1938 a young Jew who had watched his parents be mistreated in Germany shot a German diplomat in Paris ndash From article Specifically
why was Grynszpan mad ndash Goebbels and Hitler want
who to rise up and attack the Jewish people Did this happen Who did
bull Hitler reacted by attacking Jewish communities (called) ndash Destroyed buildings burned
synagogues and dragged Jewish people into the street for public beatings
World Reaction
bull World swiftly and negatively reacted to The Night of the Broken Glass
bull Hitlerrsquos response ndash Make the Jewish people
pay for the damage ndash Increase his campaign by
forcing them into concentration camps (what are these)
ndash Began plotting his ldquofinal solutionrdquo (which was)
ldquoWork makes one Freerdquo
bull ldquoThe Nazis came first for the Communists But I wasnrsquot Communist so I didnrsquot speak up Then they came for the Jews but I wasnrsquot a Jew so I didnrsquot speak uphellipThen they came for the unionists but I was a Protestant so I didnrsquot speak up Then they came for me By that time there was no one left to speak uprdquo ndash Lutheran Minister Martin Niemoller
bull What lesson can be learned from this
Critical Thinking
bull Find 6 similarities between the Totalitarian
States of the USSR Italy and Germany
APPEASING THE ENEMY
Policy of Appeasement 1936 bull Appeasement Giving
into the demands of aggressors in order to keep peace ndash West did everything from
weak sanctions to ignoring aggressive behavior to avoid War bull Italy invaded Ethiopia
1935 ndash League of Nations (whorsquos
involved) passed economic sanctions but couldnrsquot enforce them
bull 1936 Germans invaded the Rhineland (demilitarized no manrsquos land protecting France from Germany)
ndash France and Britain turn a blinds eye
ndash WHY
1935 US Passes Neutrality Acts
bull Neutrality Acts ndash US will not do the
following with
countries at war bull Sell arms
bull Loan money
bull Have Americans
travel on their ships
(why)
1936 The Axis of ldquoEvilrdquo
bull Germany Italy and
Japan form an
alliance to ldquoend
communismrdquo ndash Really an
agreement to NOT
stop each other
from expanding
1936 Spain falls to Fascist Franco with Nazi Germany‟s help
bull Germany bombs Guernica Spain as a dress rehearsal for their new war planes- 1600 innocent civilians were killed
A neutral Europe
bull On your map choose a color for countries that remained as neutral as humanly possible in this case Color and label the following (Good practice for the Map Quiz tomorrow) ndash Switzerland ndash Sweden ndash Republic of Ireland ndash Portugal ndash Spain
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Germany
ndash Italy
ndash Northern Africa
German Expansion
bull What were Hitlerrsquos goals ndash Unite Germans
everywhere ndash Create more living
space bull 1st Move 1938 Annex
Austria his birthplace (easily fell Europe did nothing)
bull 2nd Move 1938 Demand the annexation of the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia which was home to mostly Germans
ndash Munich Conference-Germany ldquopromisedrdquo to not invade any more land so Britain and France persuaded Czechs to surrender the territory
bull Soon to be Prime Minister of Great Britain (1940) Winston Churchill said of the decision ndash ldquoThey had to
chose between war or dishonor They chose dishonor they will have warrdquo
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Austria
ndash Czechoslovakia (Find Czech Republic and
Slovakia) Color them both in
Assignment bull Create your own political cartoon that
expresses the effects of Appeasement and Neutrality upon Europe ndash Create a Catchy Title and Write it on the Top
line in Marker ndash Draw the Picture in the box and COLOR and or
use BLACK MARKER to outline any pencil markshellipyou will not be graded on your drawing ability but you will be graded on your creativity use of historical information neatness overall effort and your ability to stay on task
ndash Sign the bottom
Nazi-Soviet Pact 1939
bull August nonaggression pact between Germany and Soviet Union signed ndash Would not fight if the
other went to war ndash Divide Poland and
Eastern Europe between them bull Soviets reason Gain
territory and time to build arms
bull Germany free to take Poland avoid a two front war (why)
The Poland Promise
bull Hitler didnrsquot stop at the Sudetenland and took more and more of Czechoslovakia
bull Britain and France accepted the failure of appeasement and promised to protect Poland Germany obvious next move ndash September 1939 Nazirsquos invade
Poland and Britain and France honor their agreement declaring war on Germany
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries that are Axis Controlled Color and label the following ndash Poland ndash Yugoslavia (Find Serbia color it all in) ndash Romania ndash Hungary ndash Bulgaria ndash Greece ndash Albania
THE BEGINNINGS OF WWII EARLY AXIS ACHIEVEMENTS
Nazi Blitzkrieg
bull Blitzkrieg ldquoLightning Warrdquo ndash German strategy to
do a series of quick constant attacks to keep the enemy from easily responding bull Easily took Norway
Denmark Netherlands Belgium sites set on France
The Fall of France
bull British troops were evacuated bull German Attacked from the
North bull Italy from the South bull Outnumbered and
demoralized France Falls ndash June 1940 forced to
surrender in the same place Germany was forced to sign the Treaty of Versailles
ndash French officers including Charles de Gaulle escaped to Britain to plan liberation
ndash French continued guerrilla warfare against the Axis powers
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Denmark
ndash Norway
ndash Netherlands
ndash Belgium
ndash France
Operation Sea Lion
bull Battle of Britain-Failure of the Blitz ndash Winston Churchill ldquoWe
shall never surrenderrdquo ndash August 1940 first bombs
by German plains bull 57 Day campaign of
bombing London bull People defiantly
continued their lives 15000 people lost their lives Parliament still met King and Queen went to bomb shelters with citizens
ndash May 1941 Hitler calls it a failure and calls a new strategy
Operation Barbarossa History Repeats itself
bull June 1941 Turned sites on Soviet Union ndash Caught Stalin off guard
leading to the death of 2 frac12 million soldiers in 6 months (Why) bull Nazi-Soviet Pact bull Many top officers assassinated
during Stalinrsquos purge ndash Soviets turned to burning
crops and animals destroying cities to avoid Germans taking them bull Called bull Scorched Earth Policy bull So also like Napoleon what
happens when winter comes
Siege of Leningrad lasts 2 frac12 years bull Millions die of hunger Britain reemerges to help
Soviets with creating a 2 Front War on Germany
US‟s 1941 1 Sided Neutrality
bull Lend-Lease Act FDR can lend war materials to any country whose defense the president thinks is vital to keeping the US safe ndash ldquoArsenal of democracyrdquo lend arms to those fighting for freedom ndash Meaning who in this war
bull Atlantic Charter secret meeting between Churchill and FDR- destroy Nazis people right to chose how they are governed
ldquoA Date which will remain in infamyrdquo
bull Japan is creating a growing Pacific Empire
bull Under Atlantic Charter US stops providing war materials to JapanhellipWhy
bull Japan mad-General Tojo orders attacks on American Military Fleet in Pearl Harbor
bull December 7 1941 declares war on Japan
bull December 11 rest of Axis powers declare war on US
bull Beginning of 1942-Axis powers at their height of control
EUROPEAN SUCCESS
Distrustful Allies
bull Stalin Churchill and FDR distrust each other ndash Stalin fearful Churchill
and FDR deliberately delaying the beginning of Western Front war to weaken Communism
ndash Roosevelt leery Churchill will want to expand British Imperial power
The Side Effects of Total War
bull Allies began Total War (meaning) ndash Men drafted to war ndash Propaganda
bull Posters news broadcasts everything showed the evils of Japanese and Germans Rosie the Riveter pics urged women into factories
ndash Effects ndash Women urged to do their part by
kicking off their dresses and working in factories building war materials
ndash Rationing of food and war materials ndash 1942 Japanese Americans lost their jobs
property and rights by being interned in camps because of fear they were loyal to Japan
bull Began attack in Northern Africa ndash Forced surrender of
Axis army in Northern Africa in May 1943
ndash Staging ground for invasion of Italy
bull Invaded Italy in July 1943
bull Defeated Mussolini by August 1943 ndash Mussolini overthrown
bull Germany weakened by having to fight Allies in Italy to save Mussolini
Northern Africa to Italy
Aug 1942 Battle of Stalingrad
bull 1942 Hitler still stalled outside Leningrad switch to oil rich Stalingrad in the South ndash Germans surrounded
city ndash Soviets from North
surrounded Germans ndash Fought street by street
house by house bull Early 1943 Germans
surrendered and were pushed out of USSR by Aug 1944
D-Day
bull 1944 US General Eisenhower prepared to open second European Front ndash Bombed German factories
cities and aircraft to weaken army
bull June 6 1944 Paratroopers dropped into France at dawn soldiers stormed the beaches of Normandy France others entered through Italy French resisted from inside Paris
bull All of France free by September 1944
Hitler‟s Last Stand
bull Battle of the Bulge Dec 1944- Battle in Ardennes Mts Of Belgium ndash Offensive by Germans to
split the Allied army in half ndash Initially successful but
Allies prevailed pushing into Germany bull April 1945 Americans meet
Soviets at Elbe River bull Mussolini assassinated Hitler
committed suicide and European conflict officially over on VE Day May 8 1945 (Victory in Europe)
WAR IN THE PACIFIC
Bataan Death March
bull May 1942 Japan takes
control of US Phillipines ndash Forced 75000 American
soldiers and Filipino
civilians on a 68 mile
march to remove the
enemy forces from areas
around their next area of
attack bull Starved beaten tortured
murdered
Island Hopping Campaign bull General McArthur
successful at The Battle of Midway in June 1942 ndash Began hopping from
Island to Island retaking Japanese controlled lands
bull British fighting in Burma and Malaya staged from which colony ndash McArthur had vowed to
return to help Philippines Oct 1944 kept promise
Gloom in the Pacific
bull 1945 war in Europe over
all resources into Pacific
but Japan still strong and ndash Japanese began Kamikaze
missions (which are)
ndash Japanese fought to the
death rather than surrender
at Iwo Jima and Okinawa
bull Success seemed far way
The Allies Choice
bull Planned an invasion of Japan but fearful of Allied casualties
bull July 1945 International group of scientists completed the Manhattan Project successfully testing an atomic bomb in what State
bull President Harry Truman (what happened to FDR) gives Emperor Hirohito an ultimatum surrender or face ldquoutter and complete destructionrdquo-Japan ignores
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
bull August 6 1945-Atomic bomb instantly kills 70000 Japanese citizens Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 8 1945-Soviets declare war and invade Manchuria Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 9 1945-US bomb Nagasaki- atomic bomb instantly kills 40000 Japanese
bull August 10th Hirohito forces Japanese military to surrender officially ending the war in September
Atomic Bomb Debate
bull Should the US have dropped the bombs
Why or Why not ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against the use
of atomic bombs to end WWII
ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against keeping
or destroying all atomic bombs now
Effects of the War
bull Mass Casualties ndash 75 million people total
bull 22 million in the Soviet Union alone (most)
bull Nuremberg Trials ndash Axis powers tried for
Crimes against humanity bull 142 Germans and
Austrians (many Nazi leaders) tried and sentenced to death for their associations with the Holocaust
bull Similar trials in Japan for what actions
ndash Served to show military could be held responsible for their actions exposed the horrors of fascists and dictators hoping to secure a place for democracy
Holocaust Facts
bull 6 million Jews 4 million more gypsies Slavic peoples homosexuals or physically handicapped systematically killed
bull Millions more enslaved in work camps used for medical experiments
bull Jews and others fought back ndash Destroyed gas
chambers ndash Hid Jewish people ndash Denmark and Bulgaria
managed to save almost their entire Jewish population
Denmark‟s Jews
bull Niels Bohr (Danish physicist contracted to work on The Manhattan Project in US) snuck out of Denmark to Neutral Sweden for safe passage to US when arrived in Sweden refused to leave to the US until they agreed to offer asylum to all the Danish Jews All Jews were quietly snuck out of Denmark with the help of the failing Danish government and ordinary citizens who had been hiding them during the German occupation
United Nations
bull April 1945 50 nations created the UN Charter in San Francisco
bull 5 permanent members of the Security Council US Britain France Soviet Union (now Russia) and China ndash Can veto the decisions of the others-all must agree in order
to take action often a weakness for the organization bull Dedicated to keeping World Peace through international
peace keeping missions ndash Work towards strengthening education preventing disease
poverty and hunger bull Relies upon local governments for coordination-often
leading to inefficiencies when the governments are the ones creating the problems
Extra Credit Assignment
bull Pretend you are President Harry Truman trying to convince the US Congress to allow the US the join the United Nations since they wanted to stay out of the League of Nations years previously Write a 12 sentence speech convincing Congress to join using what you have learned from WWII and create a propaganda poster to support your speech
bull Due the Day we return from Christmas Break-Will replace a quiz grade with a 100 if done well
What do you call this
FDR‟s New Deal bull Relief
ndash Subsidies to farmers suffering from The Dust Bowl and sinking production
ndash Unemployment Benefits
bull Recovery ndash Public Works Programs
Funded government paid jobs to build roads museums parks bridges schools
bull Reform ndash Deposits at Banks
ensured by government ndash Social Security benefits
for retirement and disability
Houses were shut tight and cloth wedged around doors and windows but the dust came in so thinly that it could not be seen in the air and it settled like pollen on the chairs and tables on the dishes ~ Grapes of Wrath
Global Economic Crisis bull How were European economies after WWI
ndash American Banks crashing during 1930rsquos and stopped loaning to foreign governments
ndash US government demanded the Europeans repay their war debthellipbut unable
bull US tried to compensate by raising tariffs (which are) ndash Backfired-others raised their tariffs to
compensatehellipshutting each other out of the global market
THE COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE WARS
3 CHINA AND JAPAN
After the Open Door Policy
bull How was Chinarsquos Republic after it was open to trade
bull 1912 Became a military state-warlords took advantage of local communities fighting and famine throughout China
bull What did Japan get from the Treaty of Versailles (reason they entered) ndash Japan seeks greater power to
make China a protectorate (internally free internationally a territory of another country)
Japan After the War
bull Control by Emperor Hirohito 1926 ndash Became the China of
the 19th Century (all goods made in Japan using cheap labor)
ndash Nationalism rose over the ldquoYellow Perilrdquo (which is)
ndash Military domination in the government by 1937 bull Children were taught
ldquoThe Way of the Subjectsrdquo or how they were to give total obedience to the government and emperor
Japan Invades China
bull Manchurian Incident ndash Blew up their own
Japanese railroad line in Manchuria China-blamed Chinese
ndash 1931 Japan invaded Manchuria bull Leaders of China ignore
and continue fighting each other
bull 1937 Japan Bombs major cities such as Beijing
bull Rape of Nanjing ndash Japanese enter city killing
hundreds of thousands brutalizing thousands more (video)
THE COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE WARS 4 ITALY
Effects of WWI on Italy
bull Disappointed Why ndash Nationalism soared
bull Veterans and peasants in
economic ruin
bull Constant uprising and
need for strong control
Fascism bull Lead to the creation of
the Fascist Party by Benito Mussolini ndash Based on fasces
(sticks wrapped around an axe) the Roman symbol of authority
ndash Goal to create a non communist authoritarian government bull Glorifying action
violence discipline and absolute blind obedience to the state
bull Antidemocratic rejecting reason and equality
bull Echoed Expansion under idea of Social Darwinism (which is)
Mussolini‟s Italy
bull Given the Prime Minister position by King to avoid conflict
bull 1925 Seized more power called Il Duce (eel doochay) ndash Censorship ndash Secret Police ndash Corrupt elections given Fascist
leaders control bull Fascist party members
(individually) controlled business not the government
bull Men called to ruthless military duty
bull Women called to motherhood bull Strict military style education
glorifying Rome and Italy
THE COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE WARS 5 GERMANY
Review Effects of the Treaty of Versailles
bull In 1919 created a democratic Weimar Republic
bull Who was blamed for WWI bull What did they have to pay
ndash Reparations killing economy bull What important economic areas did
they lose ndash Coal rich industrial towns no longer in
their control bull Answer to economic problem Print
More Money Why is this a problem ndash Principle of Supply and Demand-Supply
high value lessons ndash Leads to massive inflation
bull Look for scapegoats-some blamed the Jewish people (why)
Dawes Plan bull World Rallied to
help Weimer Republic ndash France
withdrew from Coal rich Ruhr Valley
ndash US France and Britain lower reparations payments
bull Recovered but then killed again by Great Depression
Rise of Adolf Hitler
bull 1920 National Socialist German Workers party created (Nazirsquos-not socialists at all) ndash NOT SOCIALIST-
FACIST (what is this)
bull Urged Germans all over the world to unite and expand
bull Demanded Germany needed a strong leader or Fuhrer
Mein Kampf bull Published Mein Kampf
ldquoMy Strugglerdquo 1925 ndash Outlines Nazi ideology
and goals bull Extreme Nationalism bull Superiority of the Germans
Throw off the chains of the Treaty of Versailles and create a world dominated by the superior German Aryan Race
bull Anti-Semitism (what is it) ndashBelief Jews were conspiring to overthrow the government states that the gassing of thousands of Jews would mean that the sacrifice of millions of soldiers will not be in vain
Hitler‟s Democratic Take-over bull What 2 main circumstances in Germany played into Hitlerrsquos rise
bull Promised to end reparations create jobs and arm Germany for the
future
bull Nazis gained more and more legislative seats
bull By the democratic process Hitler elected Chancellor (leader) in 1933
bull Took 1 year to suspend civil rights and disbanded all opposing
political parties executing any party members he believed were
disloyal (speech)
Hitler‟s Third Reich
bull Why the Third Reich bull Totalitarianism
ndash Power by what means bull Economic
ndash Public Works programs (which are) bull Highways trains housing bull Rebuilt industry through arms
development bull Employment soaredhellipthe people
cheered
bull Social Policy ndash Hitler Youth indoctrinated with
racism and absolute loyalty ndash Censorship toward pure German
Society (burned books propaganda) ndash Pure Aryan women rewarded for
having babies turned away from universities and upper level positions
Cultural Purge
bull Churches Close ndash Hitler Christianity
ldquoweakrdquo ndash All Protestant
faiths combined into a state church indoctrinating Aryan superiority
ndash Some Catholic churches closed if spoke out against Nazi regime
Nuremberg Laws 1935
bull Laws stated Jewish people could NOT
bull Marry non Jews
bull Attend or teach in German
schools
bull Hold Government positions
bull Practice Law or Medicine
bull Publish Books
bull Urged the unprovoked
beatings of Jewish people in public ndash Effect many German Jews like Albert Einstein fled
Night of the Broken Glass ldquoKristallnachtrdquo
bull November 7 1938 a young Jew who had watched his parents be mistreated in Germany shot a German diplomat in Paris ndash From article Specifically
why was Grynszpan mad ndash Goebbels and Hitler want
who to rise up and attack the Jewish people Did this happen Who did
bull Hitler reacted by attacking Jewish communities (called) ndash Destroyed buildings burned
synagogues and dragged Jewish people into the street for public beatings
World Reaction
bull World swiftly and negatively reacted to The Night of the Broken Glass
bull Hitlerrsquos response ndash Make the Jewish people
pay for the damage ndash Increase his campaign by
forcing them into concentration camps (what are these)
ndash Began plotting his ldquofinal solutionrdquo (which was)
ldquoWork makes one Freerdquo
bull ldquoThe Nazis came first for the Communists But I wasnrsquot Communist so I didnrsquot speak up Then they came for the Jews but I wasnrsquot a Jew so I didnrsquot speak uphellipThen they came for the unionists but I was a Protestant so I didnrsquot speak up Then they came for me By that time there was no one left to speak uprdquo ndash Lutheran Minister Martin Niemoller
bull What lesson can be learned from this
Critical Thinking
bull Find 6 similarities between the Totalitarian
States of the USSR Italy and Germany
APPEASING THE ENEMY
Policy of Appeasement 1936 bull Appeasement Giving
into the demands of aggressors in order to keep peace ndash West did everything from
weak sanctions to ignoring aggressive behavior to avoid War bull Italy invaded Ethiopia
1935 ndash League of Nations (whorsquos
involved) passed economic sanctions but couldnrsquot enforce them
bull 1936 Germans invaded the Rhineland (demilitarized no manrsquos land protecting France from Germany)
ndash France and Britain turn a blinds eye
ndash WHY
1935 US Passes Neutrality Acts
bull Neutrality Acts ndash US will not do the
following with
countries at war bull Sell arms
bull Loan money
bull Have Americans
travel on their ships
(why)
1936 The Axis of ldquoEvilrdquo
bull Germany Italy and
Japan form an
alliance to ldquoend
communismrdquo ndash Really an
agreement to NOT
stop each other
from expanding
1936 Spain falls to Fascist Franco with Nazi Germany‟s help
bull Germany bombs Guernica Spain as a dress rehearsal for their new war planes- 1600 innocent civilians were killed
A neutral Europe
bull On your map choose a color for countries that remained as neutral as humanly possible in this case Color and label the following (Good practice for the Map Quiz tomorrow) ndash Switzerland ndash Sweden ndash Republic of Ireland ndash Portugal ndash Spain
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Germany
ndash Italy
ndash Northern Africa
German Expansion
bull What were Hitlerrsquos goals ndash Unite Germans
everywhere ndash Create more living
space bull 1st Move 1938 Annex
Austria his birthplace (easily fell Europe did nothing)
bull 2nd Move 1938 Demand the annexation of the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia which was home to mostly Germans
ndash Munich Conference-Germany ldquopromisedrdquo to not invade any more land so Britain and France persuaded Czechs to surrender the territory
bull Soon to be Prime Minister of Great Britain (1940) Winston Churchill said of the decision ndash ldquoThey had to
chose between war or dishonor They chose dishonor they will have warrdquo
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Austria
ndash Czechoslovakia (Find Czech Republic and
Slovakia) Color them both in
Assignment bull Create your own political cartoon that
expresses the effects of Appeasement and Neutrality upon Europe ndash Create a Catchy Title and Write it on the Top
line in Marker ndash Draw the Picture in the box and COLOR and or
use BLACK MARKER to outline any pencil markshellipyou will not be graded on your drawing ability but you will be graded on your creativity use of historical information neatness overall effort and your ability to stay on task
ndash Sign the bottom
Nazi-Soviet Pact 1939
bull August nonaggression pact between Germany and Soviet Union signed ndash Would not fight if the
other went to war ndash Divide Poland and
Eastern Europe between them bull Soviets reason Gain
territory and time to build arms
bull Germany free to take Poland avoid a two front war (why)
The Poland Promise
bull Hitler didnrsquot stop at the Sudetenland and took more and more of Czechoslovakia
bull Britain and France accepted the failure of appeasement and promised to protect Poland Germany obvious next move ndash September 1939 Nazirsquos invade
Poland and Britain and France honor their agreement declaring war on Germany
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries that are Axis Controlled Color and label the following ndash Poland ndash Yugoslavia (Find Serbia color it all in) ndash Romania ndash Hungary ndash Bulgaria ndash Greece ndash Albania
THE BEGINNINGS OF WWII EARLY AXIS ACHIEVEMENTS
Nazi Blitzkrieg
bull Blitzkrieg ldquoLightning Warrdquo ndash German strategy to
do a series of quick constant attacks to keep the enemy from easily responding bull Easily took Norway
Denmark Netherlands Belgium sites set on France
The Fall of France
bull British troops were evacuated bull German Attacked from the
North bull Italy from the South bull Outnumbered and
demoralized France Falls ndash June 1940 forced to
surrender in the same place Germany was forced to sign the Treaty of Versailles
ndash French officers including Charles de Gaulle escaped to Britain to plan liberation
ndash French continued guerrilla warfare against the Axis powers
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Denmark
ndash Norway
ndash Netherlands
ndash Belgium
ndash France
Operation Sea Lion
bull Battle of Britain-Failure of the Blitz ndash Winston Churchill ldquoWe
shall never surrenderrdquo ndash August 1940 first bombs
by German plains bull 57 Day campaign of
bombing London bull People defiantly
continued their lives 15000 people lost their lives Parliament still met King and Queen went to bomb shelters with citizens
ndash May 1941 Hitler calls it a failure and calls a new strategy
Operation Barbarossa History Repeats itself
bull June 1941 Turned sites on Soviet Union ndash Caught Stalin off guard
leading to the death of 2 frac12 million soldiers in 6 months (Why) bull Nazi-Soviet Pact bull Many top officers assassinated
during Stalinrsquos purge ndash Soviets turned to burning
crops and animals destroying cities to avoid Germans taking them bull Called bull Scorched Earth Policy bull So also like Napoleon what
happens when winter comes
Siege of Leningrad lasts 2 frac12 years bull Millions die of hunger Britain reemerges to help
Soviets with creating a 2 Front War on Germany
US‟s 1941 1 Sided Neutrality
bull Lend-Lease Act FDR can lend war materials to any country whose defense the president thinks is vital to keeping the US safe ndash ldquoArsenal of democracyrdquo lend arms to those fighting for freedom ndash Meaning who in this war
bull Atlantic Charter secret meeting between Churchill and FDR- destroy Nazis people right to chose how they are governed
ldquoA Date which will remain in infamyrdquo
bull Japan is creating a growing Pacific Empire
bull Under Atlantic Charter US stops providing war materials to JapanhellipWhy
bull Japan mad-General Tojo orders attacks on American Military Fleet in Pearl Harbor
bull December 7 1941 declares war on Japan
bull December 11 rest of Axis powers declare war on US
bull Beginning of 1942-Axis powers at their height of control
EUROPEAN SUCCESS
Distrustful Allies
bull Stalin Churchill and FDR distrust each other ndash Stalin fearful Churchill
and FDR deliberately delaying the beginning of Western Front war to weaken Communism
ndash Roosevelt leery Churchill will want to expand British Imperial power
The Side Effects of Total War
bull Allies began Total War (meaning) ndash Men drafted to war ndash Propaganda
bull Posters news broadcasts everything showed the evils of Japanese and Germans Rosie the Riveter pics urged women into factories
ndash Effects ndash Women urged to do their part by
kicking off their dresses and working in factories building war materials
ndash Rationing of food and war materials ndash 1942 Japanese Americans lost their jobs
property and rights by being interned in camps because of fear they were loyal to Japan
bull Began attack in Northern Africa ndash Forced surrender of
Axis army in Northern Africa in May 1943
ndash Staging ground for invasion of Italy
bull Invaded Italy in July 1943
bull Defeated Mussolini by August 1943 ndash Mussolini overthrown
bull Germany weakened by having to fight Allies in Italy to save Mussolini
Northern Africa to Italy
Aug 1942 Battle of Stalingrad
bull 1942 Hitler still stalled outside Leningrad switch to oil rich Stalingrad in the South ndash Germans surrounded
city ndash Soviets from North
surrounded Germans ndash Fought street by street
house by house bull Early 1943 Germans
surrendered and were pushed out of USSR by Aug 1944
D-Day
bull 1944 US General Eisenhower prepared to open second European Front ndash Bombed German factories
cities and aircraft to weaken army
bull June 6 1944 Paratroopers dropped into France at dawn soldiers stormed the beaches of Normandy France others entered through Italy French resisted from inside Paris
bull All of France free by September 1944
Hitler‟s Last Stand
bull Battle of the Bulge Dec 1944- Battle in Ardennes Mts Of Belgium ndash Offensive by Germans to
split the Allied army in half ndash Initially successful but
Allies prevailed pushing into Germany bull April 1945 Americans meet
Soviets at Elbe River bull Mussolini assassinated Hitler
committed suicide and European conflict officially over on VE Day May 8 1945 (Victory in Europe)
WAR IN THE PACIFIC
Bataan Death March
bull May 1942 Japan takes
control of US Phillipines ndash Forced 75000 American
soldiers and Filipino
civilians on a 68 mile
march to remove the
enemy forces from areas
around their next area of
attack bull Starved beaten tortured
murdered
Island Hopping Campaign bull General McArthur
successful at The Battle of Midway in June 1942 ndash Began hopping from
Island to Island retaking Japanese controlled lands
bull British fighting in Burma and Malaya staged from which colony ndash McArthur had vowed to
return to help Philippines Oct 1944 kept promise
Gloom in the Pacific
bull 1945 war in Europe over
all resources into Pacific
but Japan still strong and ndash Japanese began Kamikaze
missions (which are)
ndash Japanese fought to the
death rather than surrender
at Iwo Jima and Okinawa
bull Success seemed far way
The Allies Choice
bull Planned an invasion of Japan but fearful of Allied casualties
bull July 1945 International group of scientists completed the Manhattan Project successfully testing an atomic bomb in what State
bull President Harry Truman (what happened to FDR) gives Emperor Hirohito an ultimatum surrender or face ldquoutter and complete destructionrdquo-Japan ignores
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
bull August 6 1945-Atomic bomb instantly kills 70000 Japanese citizens Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 8 1945-Soviets declare war and invade Manchuria Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 9 1945-US bomb Nagasaki- atomic bomb instantly kills 40000 Japanese
bull August 10th Hirohito forces Japanese military to surrender officially ending the war in September
Atomic Bomb Debate
bull Should the US have dropped the bombs
Why or Why not ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against the use
of atomic bombs to end WWII
ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against keeping
or destroying all atomic bombs now
Effects of the War
bull Mass Casualties ndash 75 million people total
bull 22 million in the Soviet Union alone (most)
bull Nuremberg Trials ndash Axis powers tried for
Crimes against humanity bull 142 Germans and
Austrians (many Nazi leaders) tried and sentenced to death for their associations with the Holocaust
bull Similar trials in Japan for what actions
ndash Served to show military could be held responsible for their actions exposed the horrors of fascists and dictators hoping to secure a place for democracy
Holocaust Facts
bull 6 million Jews 4 million more gypsies Slavic peoples homosexuals or physically handicapped systematically killed
bull Millions more enslaved in work camps used for medical experiments
bull Jews and others fought back ndash Destroyed gas
chambers ndash Hid Jewish people ndash Denmark and Bulgaria
managed to save almost their entire Jewish population
Denmark‟s Jews
bull Niels Bohr (Danish physicist contracted to work on The Manhattan Project in US) snuck out of Denmark to Neutral Sweden for safe passage to US when arrived in Sweden refused to leave to the US until they agreed to offer asylum to all the Danish Jews All Jews were quietly snuck out of Denmark with the help of the failing Danish government and ordinary citizens who had been hiding them during the German occupation
United Nations
bull April 1945 50 nations created the UN Charter in San Francisco
bull 5 permanent members of the Security Council US Britain France Soviet Union (now Russia) and China ndash Can veto the decisions of the others-all must agree in order
to take action often a weakness for the organization bull Dedicated to keeping World Peace through international
peace keeping missions ndash Work towards strengthening education preventing disease
poverty and hunger bull Relies upon local governments for coordination-often
leading to inefficiencies when the governments are the ones creating the problems
Extra Credit Assignment
bull Pretend you are President Harry Truman trying to convince the US Congress to allow the US the join the United Nations since they wanted to stay out of the League of Nations years previously Write a 12 sentence speech convincing Congress to join using what you have learned from WWII and create a propaganda poster to support your speech
bull Due the Day we return from Christmas Break-Will replace a quiz grade with a 100 if done well
FDR‟s New Deal bull Relief
ndash Subsidies to farmers suffering from The Dust Bowl and sinking production
ndash Unemployment Benefits
bull Recovery ndash Public Works Programs
Funded government paid jobs to build roads museums parks bridges schools
bull Reform ndash Deposits at Banks
ensured by government ndash Social Security benefits
for retirement and disability
Houses were shut tight and cloth wedged around doors and windows but the dust came in so thinly that it could not be seen in the air and it settled like pollen on the chairs and tables on the dishes ~ Grapes of Wrath
Global Economic Crisis bull How were European economies after WWI
ndash American Banks crashing during 1930rsquos and stopped loaning to foreign governments
ndash US government demanded the Europeans repay their war debthellipbut unable
bull US tried to compensate by raising tariffs (which are) ndash Backfired-others raised their tariffs to
compensatehellipshutting each other out of the global market
THE COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE WARS
3 CHINA AND JAPAN
After the Open Door Policy
bull How was Chinarsquos Republic after it was open to trade
bull 1912 Became a military state-warlords took advantage of local communities fighting and famine throughout China
bull What did Japan get from the Treaty of Versailles (reason they entered) ndash Japan seeks greater power to
make China a protectorate (internally free internationally a territory of another country)
Japan After the War
bull Control by Emperor Hirohito 1926 ndash Became the China of
the 19th Century (all goods made in Japan using cheap labor)
ndash Nationalism rose over the ldquoYellow Perilrdquo (which is)
ndash Military domination in the government by 1937 bull Children were taught
ldquoThe Way of the Subjectsrdquo or how they were to give total obedience to the government and emperor
Japan Invades China
bull Manchurian Incident ndash Blew up their own
Japanese railroad line in Manchuria China-blamed Chinese
ndash 1931 Japan invaded Manchuria bull Leaders of China ignore
and continue fighting each other
bull 1937 Japan Bombs major cities such as Beijing
bull Rape of Nanjing ndash Japanese enter city killing
hundreds of thousands brutalizing thousands more (video)
THE COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE WARS 4 ITALY
Effects of WWI on Italy
bull Disappointed Why ndash Nationalism soared
bull Veterans and peasants in
economic ruin
bull Constant uprising and
need for strong control
Fascism bull Lead to the creation of
the Fascist Party by Benito Mussolini ndash Based on fasces
(sticks wrapped around an axe) the Roman symbol of authority
ndash Goal to create a non communist authoritarian government bull Glorifying action
violence discipline and absolute blind obedience to the state
bull Antidemocratic rejecting reason and equality
bull Echoed Expansion under idea of Social Darwinism (which is)
Mussolini‟s Italy
bull Given the Prime Minister position by King to avoid conflict
bull 1925 Seized more power called Il Duce (eel doochay) ndash Censorship ndash Secret Police ndash Corrupt elections given Fascist
leaders control bull Fascist party members
(individually) controlled business not the government
bull Men called to ruthless military duty
bull Women called to motherhood bull Strict military style education
glorifying Rome and Italy
THE COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE WARS 5 GERMANY
Review Effects of the Treaty of Versailles
bull In 1919 created a democratic Weimar Republic
bull Who was blamed for WWI bull What did they have to pay
ndash Reparations killing economy bull What important economic areas did
they lose ndash Coal rich industrial towns no longer in
their control bull Answer to economic problem Print
More Money Why is this a problem ndash Principle of Supply and Demand-Supply
high value lessons ndash Leads to massive inflation
bull Look for scapegoats-some blamed the Jewish people (why)
Dawes Plan bull World Rallied to
help Weimer Republic ndash France
withdrew from Coal rich Ruhr Valley
ndash US France and Britain lower reparations payments
bull Recovered but then killed again by Great Depression
Rise of Adolf Hitler
bull 1920 National Socialist German Workers party created (Nazirsquos-not socialists at all) ndash NOT SOCIALIST-
FACIST (what is this)
bull Urged Germans all over the world to unite and expand
bull Demanded Germany needed a strong leader or Fuhrer
Mein Kampf bull Published Mein Kampf
ldquoMy Strugglerdquo 1925 ndash Outlines Nazi ideology
and goals bull Extreme Nationalism bull Superiority of the Germans
Throw off the chains of the Treaty of Versailles and create a world dominated by the superior German Aryan Race
bull Anti-Semitism (what is it) ndashBelief Jews were conspiring to overthrow the government states that the gassing of thousands of Jews would mean that the sacrifice of millions of soldiers will not be in vain
Hitler‟s Democratic Take-over bull What 2 main circumstances in Germany played into Hitlerrsquos rise
bull Promised to end reparations create jobs and arm Germany for the
future
bull Nazis gained more and more legislative seats
bull By the democratic process Hitler elected Chancellor (leader) in 1933
bull Took 1 year to suspend civil rights and disbanded all opposing
political parties executing any party members he believed were
disloyal (speech)
Hitler‟s Third Reich
bull Why the Third Reich bull Totalitarianism
ndash Power by what means bull Economic
ndash Public Works programs (which are) bull Highways trains housing bull Rebuilt industry through arms
development bull Employment soaredhellipthe people
cheered
bull Social Policy ndash Hitler Youth indoctrinated with
racism and absolute loyalty ndash Censorship toward pure German
Society (burned books propaganda) ndash Pure Aryan women rewarded for
having babies turned away from universities and upper level positions
Cultural Purge
bull Churches Close ndash Hitler Christianity
ldquoweakrdquo ndash All Protestant
faiths combined into a state church indoctrinating Aryan superiority
ndash Some Catholic churches closed if spoke out against Nazi regime
Nuremberg Laws 1935
bull Laws stated Jewish people could NOT
bull Marry non Jews
bull Attend or teach in German
schools
bull Hold Government positions
bull Practice Law or Medicine
bull Publish Books
bull Urged the unprovoked
beatings of Jewish people in public ndash Effect many German Jews like Albert Einstein fled
Night of the Broken Glass ldquoKristallnachtrdquo
bull November 7 1938 a young Jew who had watched his parents be mistreated in Germany shot a German diplomat in Paris ndash From article Specifically
why was Grynszpan mad ndash Goebbels and Hitler want
who to rise up and attack the Jewish people Did this happen Who did
bull Hitler reacted by attacking Jewish communities (called) ndash Destroyed buildings burned
synagogues and dragged Jewish people into the street for public beatings
World Reaction
bull World swiftly and negatively reacted to The Night of the Broken Glass
bull Hitlerrsquos response ndash Make the Jewish people
pay for the damage ndash Increase his campaign by
forcing them into concentration camps (what are these)
ndash Began plotting his ldquofinal solutionrdquo (which was)
ldquoWork makes one Freerdquo
bull ldquoThe Nazis came first for the Communists But I wasnrsquot Communist so I didnrsquot speak up Then they came for the Jews but I wasnrsquot a Jew so I didnrsquot speak uphellipThen they came for the unionists but I was a Protestant so I didnrsquot speak up Then they came for me By that time there was no one left to speak uprdquo ndash Lutheran Minister Martin Niemoller
bull What lesson can be learned from this
Critical Thinking
bull Find 6 similarities between the Totalitarian
States of the USSR Italy and Germany
APPEASING THE ENEMY
Policy of Appeasement 1936 bull Appeasement Giving
into the demands of aggressors in order to keep peace ndash West did everything from
weak sanctions to ignoring aggressive behavior to avoid War bull Italy invaded Ethiopia
1935 ndash League of Nations (whorsquos
involved) passed economic sanctions but couldnrsquot enforce them
bull 1936 Germans invaded the Rhineland (demilitarized no manrsquos land protecting France from Germany)
ndash France and Britain turn a blinds eye
ndash WHY
1935 US Passes Neutrality Acts
bull Neutrality Acts ndash US will not do the
following with
countries at war bull Sell arms
bull Loan money
bull Have Americans
travel on their ships
(why)
1936 The Axis of ldquoEvilrdquo
bull Germany Italy and
Japan form an
alliance to ldquoend
communismrdquo ndash Really an
agreement to NOT
stop each other
from expanding
1936 Spain falls to Fascist Franco with Nazi Germany‟s help
bull Germany bombs Guernica Spain as a dress rehearsal for their new war planes- 1600 innocent civilians were killed
A neutral Europe
bull On your map choose a color for countries that remained as neutral as humanly possible in this case Color and label the following (Good practice for the Map Quiz tomorrow) ndash Switzerland ndash Sweden ndash Republic of Ireland ndash Portugal ndash Spain
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Germany
ndash Italy
ndash Northern Africa
German Expansion
bull What were Hitlerrsquos goals ndash Unite Germans
everywhere ndash Create more living
space bull 1st Move 1938 Annex
Austria his birthplace (easily fell Europe did nothing)
bull 2nd Move 1938 Demand the annexation of the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia which was home to mostly Germans
ndash Munich Conference-Germany ldquopromisedrdquo to not invade any more land so Britain and France persuaded Czechs to surrender the territory
bull Soon to be Prime Minister of Great Britain (1940) Winston Churchill said of the decision ndash ldquoThey had to
chose between war or dishonor They chose dishonor they will have warrdquo
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Austria
ndash Czechoslovakia (Find Czech Republic and
Slovakia) Color them both in
Assignment bull Create your own political cartoon that
expresses the effects of Appeasement and Neutrality upon Europe ndash Create a Catchy Title and Write it on the Top
line in Marker ndash Draw the Picture in the box and COLOR and or
use BLACK MARKER to outline any pencil markshellipyou will not be graded on your drawing ability but you will be graded on your creativity use of historical information neatness overall effort and your ability to stay on task
ndash Sign the bottom
Nazi-Soviet Pact 1939
bull August nonaggression pact between Germany and Soviet Union signed ndash Would not fight if the
other went to war ndash Divide Poland and
Eastern Europe between them bull Soviets reason Gain
territory and time to build arms
bull Germany free to take Poland avoid a two front war (why)
The Poland Promise
bull Hitler didnrsquot stop at the Sudetenland and took more and more of Czechoslovakia
bull Britain and France accepted the failure of appeasement and promised to protect Poland Germany obvious next move ndash September 1939 Nazirsquos invade
Poland and Britain and France honor their agreement declaring war on Germany
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries that are Axis Controlled Color and label the following ndash Poland ndash Yugoslavia (Find Serbia color it all in) ndash Romania ndash Hungary ndash Bulgaria ndash Greece ndash Albania
THE BEGINNINGS OF WWII EARLY AXIS ACHIEVEMENTS
Nazi Blitzkrieg
bull Blitzkrieg ldquoLightning Warrdquo ndash German strategy to
do a series of quick constant attacks to keep the enemy from easily responding bull Easily took Norway
Denmark Netherlands Belgium sites set on France
The Fall of France
bull British troops were evacuated bull German Attacked from the
North bull Italy from the South bull Outnumbered and
demoralized France Falls ndash June 1940 forced to
surrender in the same place Germany was forced to sign the Treaty of Versailles
ndash French officers including Charles de Gaulle escaped to Britain to plan liberation
ndash French continued guerrilla warfare against the Axis powers
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Denmark
ndash Norway
ndash Netherlands
ndash Belgium
ndash France
Operation Sea Lion
bull Battle of Britain-Failure of the Blitz ndash Winston Churchill ldquoWe
shall never surrenderrdquo ndash August 1940 first bombs
by German plains bull 57 Day campaign of
bombing London bull People defiantly
continued their lives 15000 people lost their lives Parliament still met King and Queen went to bomb shelters with citizens
ndash May 1941 Hitler calls it a failure and calls a new strategy
Operation Barbarossa History Repeats itself
bull June 1941 Turned sites on Soviet Union ndash Caught Stalin off guard
leading to the death of 2 frac12 million soldiers in 6 months (Why) bull Nazi-Soviet Pact bull Many top officers assassinated
during Stalinrsquos purge ndash Soviets turned to burning
crops and animals destroying cities to avoid Germans taking them bull Called bull Scorched Earth Policy bull So also like Napoleon what
happens when winter comes
Siege of Leningrad lasts 2 frac12 years bull Millions die of hunger Britain reemerges to help
Soviets with creating a 2 Front War on Germany
US‟s 1941 1 Sided Neutrality
bull Lend-Lease Act FDR can lend war materials to any country whose defense the president thinks is vital to keeping the US safe ndash ldquoArsenal of democracyrdquo lend arms to those fighting for freedom ndash Meaning who in this war
bull Atlantic Charter secret meeting between Churchill and FDR- destroy Nazis people right to chose how they are governed
ldquoA Date which will remain in infamyrdquo
bull Japan is creating a growing Pacific Empire
bull Under Atlantic Charter US stops providing war materials to JapanhellipWhy
bull Japan mad-General Tojo orders attacks on American Military Fleet in Pearl Harbor
bull December 7 1941 declares war on Japan
bull December 11 rest of Axis powers declare war on US
bull Beginning of 1942-Axis powers at their height of control
EUROPEAN SUCCESS
Distrustful Allies
bull Stalin Churchill and FDR distrust each other ndash Stalin fearful Churchill
and FDR deliberately delaying the beginning of Western Front war to weaken Communism
ndash Roosevelt leery Churchill will want to expand British Imperial power
The Side Effects of Total War
bull Allies began Total War (meaning) ndash Men drafted to war ndash Propaganda
bull Posters news broadcasts everything showed the evils of Japanese and Germans Rosie the Riveter pics urged women into factories
ndash Effects ndash Women urged to do their part by
kicking off their dresses and working in factories building war materials
ndash Rationing of food and war materials ndash 1942 Japanese Americans lost their jobs
property and rights by being interned in camps because of fear they were loyal to Japan
bull Began attack in Northern Africa ndash Forced surrender of
Axis army in Northern Africa in May 1943
ndash Staging ground for invasion of Italy
bull Invaded Italy in July 1943
bull Defeated Mussolini by August 1943 ndash Mussolini overthrown
bull Germany weakened by having to fight Allies in Italy to save Mussolini
Northern Africa to Italy
Aug 1942 Battle of Stalingrad
bull 1942 Hitler still stalled outside Leningrad switch to oil rich Stalingrad in the South ndash Germans surrounded
city ndash Soviets from North
surrounded Germans ndash Fought street by street
house by house bull Early 1943 Germans
surrendered and were pushed out of USSR by Aug 1944
D-Day
bull 1944 US General Eisenhower prepared to open second European Front ndash Bombed German factories
cities and aircraft to weaken army
bull June 6 1944 Paratroopers dropped into France at dawn soldiers stormed the beaches of Normandy France others entered through Italy French resisted from inside Paris
bull All of France free by September 1944
Hitler‟s Last Stand
bull Battle of the Bulge Dec 1944- Battle in Ardennes Mts Of Belgium ndash Offensive by Germans to
split the Allied army in half ndash Initially successful but
Allies prevailed pushing into Germany bull April 1945 Americans meet
Soviets at Elbe River bull Mussolini assassinated Hitler
committed suicide and European conflict officially over on VE Day May 8 1945 (Victory in Europe)
WAR IN THE PACIFIC
Bataan Death March
bull May 1942 Japan takes
control of US Phillipines ndash Forced 75000 American
soldiers and Filipino
civilians on a 68 mile
march to remove the
enemy forces from areas
around their next area of
attack bull Starved beaten tortured
murdered
Island Hopping Campaign bull General McArthur
successful at The Battle of Midway in June 1942 ndash Began hopping from
Island to Island retaking Japanese controlled lands
bull British fighting in Burma and Malaya staged from which colony ndash McArthur had vowed to
return to help Philippines Oct 1944 kept promise
Gloom in the Pacific
bull 1945 war in Europe over
all resources into Pacific
but Japan still strong and ndash Japanese began Kamikaze
missions (which are)
ndash Japanese fought to the
death rather than surrender
at Iwo Jima and Okinawa
bull Success seemed far way
The Allies Choice
bull Planned an invasion of Japan but fearful of Allied casualties
bull July 1945 International group of scientists completed the Manhattan Project successfully testing an atomic bomb in what State
bull President Harry Truman (what happened to FDR) gives Emperor Hirohito an ultimatum surrender or face ldquoutter and complete destructionrdquo-Japan ignores
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
bull August 6 1945-Atomic bomb instantly kills 70000 Japanese citizens Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 8 1945-Soviets declare war and invade Manchuria Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 9 1945-US bomb Nagasaki- atomic bomb instantly kills 40000 Japanese
bull August 10th Hirohito forces Japanese military to surrender officially ending the war in September
Atomic Bomb Debate
bull Should the US have dropped the bombs
Why or Why not ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against the use
of atomic bombs to end WWII
ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against keeping
or destroying all atomic bombs now
Effects of the War
bull Mass Casualties ndash 75 million people total
bull 22 million in the Soviet Union alone (most)
bull Nuremberg Trials ndash Axis powers tried for
Crimes against humanity bull 142 Germans and
Austrians (many Nazi leaders) tried and sentenced to death for their associations with the Holocaust
bull Similar trials in Japan for what actions
ndash Served to show military could be held responsible for their actions exposed the horrors of fascists and dictators hoping to secure a place for democracy
Holocaust Facts
bull 6 million Jews 4 million more gypsies Slavic peoples homosexuals or physically handicapped systematically killed
bull Millions more enslaved in work camps used for medical experiments
bull Jews and others fought back ndash Destroyed gas
chambers ndash Hid Jewish people ndash Denmark and Bulgaria
managed to save almost their entire Jewish population
Denmark‟s Jews
bull Niels Bohr (Danish physicist contracted to work on The Manhattan Project in US) snuck out of Denmark to Neutral Sweden for safe passage to US when arrived in Sweden refused to leave to the US until they agreed to offer asylum to all the Danish Jews All Jews were quietly snuck out of Denmark with the help of the failing Danish government and ordinary citizens who had been hiding them during the German occupation
United Nations
bull April 1945 50 nations created the UN Charter in San Francisco
bull 5 permanent members of the Security Council US Britain France Soviet Union (now Russia) and China ndash Can veto the decisions of the others-all must agree in order
to take action often a weakness for the organization bull Dedicated to keeping World Peace through international
peace keeping missions ndash Work towards strengthening education preventing disease
poverty and hunger bull Relies upon local governments for coordination-often
leading to inefficiencies when the governments are the ones creating the problems
Extra Credit Assignment
bull Pretend you are President Harry Truman trying to convince the US Congress to allow the US the join the United Nations since they wanted to stay out of the League of Nations years previously Write a 12 sentence speech convincing Congress to join using what you have learned from WWII and create a propaganda poster to support your speech
bull Due the Day we return from Christmas Break-Will replace a quiz grade with a 100 if done well
Houses were shut tight and cloth wedged around doors and windows but the dust came in so thinly that it could not be seen in the air and it settled like pollen on the chairs and tables on the dishes ~ Grapes of Wrath
Global Economic Crisis bull How were European economies after WWI
ndash American Banks crashing during 1930rsquos and stopped loaning to foreign governments
ndash US government demanded the Europeans repay their war debthellipbut unable
bull US tried to compensate by raising tariffs (which are) ndash Backfired-others raised their tariffs to
compensatehellipshutting each other out of the global market
THE COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE WARS
3 CHINA AND JAPAN
After the Open Door Policy
bull How was Chinarsquos Republic after it was open to trade
bull 1912 Became a military state-warlords took advantage of local communities fighting and famine throughout China
bull What did Japan get from the Treaty of Versailles (reason they entered) ndash Japan seeks greater power to
make China a protectorate (internally free internationally a territory of another country)
Japan After the War
bull Control by Emperor Hirohito 1926 ndash Became the China of
the 19th Century (all goods made in Japan using cheap labor)
ndash Nationalism rose over the ldquoYellow Perilrdquo (which is)
ndash Military domination in the government by 1937 bull Children were taught
ldquoThe Way of the Subjectsrdquo or how they were to give total obedience to the government and emperor
Japan Invades China
bull Manchurian Incident ndash Blew up their own
Japanese railroad line in Manchuria China-blamed Chinese
ndash 1931 Japan invaded Manchuria bull Leaders of China ignore
and continue fighting each other
bull 1937 Japan Bombs major cities such as Beijing
bull Rape of Nanjing ndash Japanese enter city killing
hundreds of thousands brutalizing thousands more (video)
THE COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE WARS 4 ITALY
Effects of WWI on Italy
bull Disappointed Why ndash Nationalism soared
bull Veterans and peasants in
economic ruin
bull Constant uprising and
need for strong control
Fascism bull Lead to the creation of
the Fascist Party by Benito Mussolini ndash Based on fasces
(sticks wrapped around an axe) the Roman symbol of authority
ndash Goal to create a non communist authoritarian government bull Glorifying action
violence discipline and absolute blind obedience to the state
bull Antidemocratic rejecting reason and equality
bull Echoed Expansion under idea of Social Darwinism (which is)
Mussolini‟s Italy
bull Given the Prime Minister position by King to avoid conflict
bull 1925 Seized more power called Il Duce (eel doochay) ndash Censorship ndash Secret Police ndash Corrupt elections given Fascist
leaders control bull Fascist party members
(individually) controlled business not the government
bull Men called to ruthless military duty
bull Women called to motherhood bull Strict military style education
glorifying Rome and Italy
THE COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE WARS 5 GERMANY
Review Effects of the Treaty of Versailles
bull In 1919 created a democratic Weimar Republic
bull Who was blamed for WWI bull What did they have to pay
ndash Reparations killing economy bull What important economic areas did
they lose ndash Coal rich industrial towns no longer in
their control bull Answer to economic problem Print
More Money Why is this a problem ndash Principle of Supply and Demand-Supply
high value lessons ndash Leads to massive inflation
bull Look for scapegoats-some blamed the Jewish people (why)
Dawes Plan bull World Rallied to
help Weimer Republic ndash France
withdrew from Coal rich Ruhr Valley
ndash US France and Britain lower reparations payments
bull Recovered but then killed again by Great Depression
Rise of Adolf Hitler
bull 1920 National Socialist German Workers party created (Nazirsquos-not socialists at all) ndash NOT SOCIALIST-
FACIST (what is this)
bull Urged Germans all over the world to unite and expand
bull Demanded Germany needed a strong leader or Fuhrer
Mein Kampf bull Published Mein Kampf
ldquoMy Strugglerdquo 1925 ndash Outlines Nazi ideology
and goals bull Extreme Nationalism bull Superiority of the Germans
Throw off the chains of the Treaty of Versailles and create a world dominated by the superior German Aryan Race
bull Anti-Semitism (what is it) ndashBelief Jews were conspiring to overthrow the government states that the gassing of thousands of Jews would mean that the sacrifice of millions of soldiers will not be in vain
Hitler‟s Democratic Take-over bull What 2 main circumstances in Germany played into Hitlerrsquos rise
bull Promised to end reparations create jobs and arm Germany for the
future
bull Nazis gained more and more legislative seats
bull By the democratic process Hitler elected Chancellor (leader) in 1933
bull Took 1 year to suspend civil rights and disbanded all opposing
political parties executing any party members he believed were
disloyal (speech)
Hitler‟s Third Reich
bull Why the Third Reich bull Totalitarianism
ndash Power by what means bull Economic
ndash Public Works programs (which are) bull Highways trains housing bull Rebuilt industry through arms
development bull Employment soaredhellipthe people
cheered
bull Social Policy ndash Hitler Youth indoctrinated with
racism and absolute loyalty ndash Censorship toward pure German
Society (burned books propaganda) ndash Pure Aryan women rewarded for
having babies turned away from universities and upper level positions
Cultural Purge
bull Churches Close ndash Hitler Christianity
ldquoweakrdquo ndash All Protestant
faiths combined into a state church indoctrinating Aryan superiority
ndash Some Catholic churches closed if spoke out against Nazi regime
Nuremberg Laws 1935
bull Laws stated Jewish people could NOT
bull Marry non Jews
bull Attend or teach in German
schools
bull Hold Government positions
bull Practice Law or Medicine
bull Publish Books
bull Urged the unprovoked
beatings of Jewish people in public ndash Effect many German Jews like Albert Einstein fled
Night of the Broken Glass ldquoKristallnachtrdquo
bull November 7 1938 a young Jew who had watched his parents be mistreated in Germany shot a German diplomat in Paris ndash From article Specifically
why was Grynszpan mad ndash Goebbels and Hitler want
who to rise up and attack the Jewish people Did this happen Who did
bull Hitler reacted by attacking Jewish communities (called) ndash Destroyed buildings burned
synagogues and dragged Jewish people into the street for public beatings
World Reaction
bull World swiftly and negatively reacted to The Night of the Broken Glass
bull Hitlerrsquos response ndash Make the Jewish people
pay for the damage ndash Increase his campaign by
forcing them into concentration camps (what are these)
ndash Began plotting his ldquofinal solutionrdquo (which was)
ldquoWork makes one Freerdquo
bull ldquoThe Nazis came first for the Communists But I wasnrsquot Communist so I didnrsquot speak up Then they came for the Jews but I wasnrsquot a Jew so I didnrsquot speak uphellipThen they came for the unionists but I was a Protestant so I didnrsquot speak up Then they came for me By that time there was no one left to speak uprdquo ndash Lutheran Minister Martin Niemoller
bull What lesson can be learned from this
Critical Thinking
bull Find 6 similarities between the Totalitarian
States of the USSR Italy and Germany
APPEASING THE ENEMY
Policy of Appeasement 1936 bull Appeasement Giving
into the demands of aggressors in order to keep peace ndash West did everything from
weak sanctions to ignoring aggressive behavior to avoid War bull Italy invaded Ethiopia
1935 ndash League of Nations (whorsquos
involved) passed economic sanctions but couldnrsquot enforce them
bull 1936 Germans invaded the Rhineland (demilitarized no manrsquos land protecting France from Germany)
ndash France and Britain turn a blinds eye
ndash WHY
1935 US Passes Neutrality Acts
bull Neutrality Acts ndash US will not do the
following with
countries at war bull Sell arms
bull Loan money
bull Have Americans
travel on their ships
(why)
1936 The Axis of ldquoEvilrdquo
bull Germany Italy and
Japan form an
alliance to ldquoend
communismrdquo ndash Really an
agreement to NOT
stop each other
from expanding
1936 Spain falls to Fascist Franco with Nazi Germany‟s help
bull Germany bombs Guernica Spain as a dress rehearsal for their new war planes- 1600 innocent civilians were killed
A neutral Europe
bull On your map choose a color for countries that remained as neutral as humanly possible in this case Color and label the following (Good practice for the Map Quiz tomorrow) ndash Switzerland ndash Sweden ndash Republic of Ireland ndash Portugal ndash Spain
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Germany
ndash Italy
ndash Northern Africa
German Expansion
bull What were Hitlerrsquos goals ndash Unite Germans
everywhere ndash Create more living
space bull 1st Move 1938 Annex
Austria his birthplace (easily fell Europe did nothing)
bull 2nd Move 1938 Demand the annexation of the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia which was home to mostly Germans
ndash Munich Conference-Germany ldquopromisedrdquo to not invade any more land so Britain and France persuaded Czechs to surrender the territory
bull Soon to be Prime Minister of Great Britain (1940) Winston Churchill said of the decision ndash ldquoThey had to
chose between war or dishonor They chose dishonor they will have warrdquo
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Austria
ndash Czechoslovakia (Find Czech Republic and
Slovakia) Color them both in
Assignment bull Create your own political cartoon that
expresses the effects of Appeasement and Neutrality upon Europe ndash Create a Catchy Title and Write it on the Top
line in Marker ndash Draw the Picture in the box and COLOR and or
use BLACK MARKER to outline any pencil markshellipyou will not be graded on your drawing ability but you will be graded on your creativity use of historical information neatness overall effort and your ability to stay on task
ndash Sign the bottom
Nazi-Soviet Pact 1939
bull August nonaggression pact between Germany and Soviet Union signed ndash Would not fight if the
other went to war ndash Divide Poland and
Eastern Europe between them bull Soviets reason Gain
territory and time to build arms
bull Germany free to take Poland avoid a two front war (why)
The Poland Promise
bull Hitler didnrsquot stop at the Sudetenland and took more and more of Czechoslovakia
bull Britain and France accepted the failure of appeasement and promised to protect Poland Germany obvious next move ndash September 1939 Nazirsquos invade
Poland and Britain and France honor their agreement declaring war on Germany
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries that are Axis Controlled Color and label the following ndash Poland ndash Yugoslavia (Find Serbia color it all in) ndash Romania ndash Hungary ndash Bulgaria ndash Greece ndash Albania
THE BEGINNINGS OF WWII EARLY AXIS ACHIEVEMENTS
Nazi Blitzkrieg
bull Blitzkrieg ldquoLightning Warrdquo ndash German strategy to
do a series of quick constant attacks to keep the enemy from easily responding bull Easily took Norway
Denmark Netherlands Belgium sites set on France
The Fall of France
bull British troops were evacuated bull German Attacked from the
North bull Italy from the South bull Outnumbered and
demoralized France Falls ndash June 1940 forced to
surrender in the same place Germany was forced to sign the Treaty of Versailles
ndash French officers including Charles de Gaulle escaped to Britain to plan liberation
ndash French continued guerrilla warfare against the Axis powers
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Denmark
ndash Norway
ndash Netherlands
ndash Belgium
ndash France
Operation Sea Lion
bull Battle of Britain-Failure of the Blitz ndash Winston Churchill ldquoWe
shall never surrenderrdquo ndash August 1940 first bombs
by German plains bull 57 Day campaign of
bombing London bull People defiantly
continued their lives 15000 people lost their lives Parliament still met King and Queen went to bomb shelters with citizens
ndash May 1941 Hitler calls it a failure and calls a new strategy
Operation Barbarossa History Repeats itself
bull June 1941 Turned sites on Soviet Union ndash Caught Stalin off guard
leading to the death of 2 frac12 million soldiers in 6 months (Why) bull Nazi-Soviet Pact bull Many top officers assassinated
during Stalinrsquos purge ndash Soviets turned to burning
crops and animals destroying cities to avoid Germans taking them bull Called bull Scorched Earth Policy bull So also like Napoleon what
happens when winter comes
Siege of Leningrad lasts 2 frac12 years bull Millions die of hunger Britain reemerges to help
Soviets with creating a 2 Front War on Germany
US‟s 1941 1 Sided Neutrality
bull Lend-Lease Act FDR can lend war materials to any country whose defense the president thinks is vital to keeping the US safe ndash ldquoArsenal of democracyrdquo lend arms to those fighting for freedom ndash Meaning who in this war
bull Atlantic Charter secret meeting between Churchill and FDR- destroy Nazis people right to chose how they are governed
ldquoA Date which will remain in infamyrdquo
bull Japan is creating a growing Pacific Empire
bull Under Atlantic Charter US stops providing war materials to JapanhellipWhy
bull Japan mad-General Tojo orders attacks on American Military Fleet in Pearl Harbor
bull December 7 1941 declares war on Japan
bull December 11 rest of Axis powers declare war on US
bull Beginning of 1942-Axis powers at their height of control
EUROPEAN SUCCESS
Distrustful Allies
bull Stalin Churchill and FDR distrust each other ndash Stalin fearful Churchill
and FDR deliberately delaying the beginning of Western Front war to weaken Communism
ndash Roosevelt leery Churchill will want to expand British Imperial power
The Side Effects of Total War
bull Allies began Total War (meaning) ndash Men drafted to war ndash Propaganda
bull Posters news broadcasts everything showed the evils of Japanese and Germans Rosie the Riveter pics urged women into factories
ndash Effects ndash Women urged to do their part by
kicking off their dresses and working in factories building war materials
ndash Rationing of food and war materials ndash 1942 Japanese Americans lost their jobs
property and rights by being interned in camps because of fear they were loyal to Japan
bull Began attack in Northern Africa ndash Forced surrender of
Axis army in Northern Africa in May 1943
ndash Staging ground for invasion of Italy
bull Invaded Italy in July 1943
bull Defeated Mussolini by August 1943 ndash Mussolini overthrown
bull Germany weakened by having to fight Allies in Italy to save Mussolini
Northern Africa to Italy
Aug 1942 Battle of Stalingrad
bull 1942 Hitler still stalled outside Leningrad switch to oil rich Stalingrad in the South ndash Germans surrounded
city ndash Soviets from North
surrounded Germans ndash Fought street by street
house by house bull Early 1943 Germans
surrendered and were pushed out of USSR by Aug 1944
D-Day
bull 1944 US General Eisenhower prepared to open second European Front ndash Bombed German factories
cities and aircraft to weaken army
bull June 6 1944 Paratroopers dropped into France at dawn soldiers stormed the beaches of Normandy France others entered through Italy French resisted from inside Paris
bull All of France free by September 1944
Hitler‟s Last Stand
bull Battle of the Bulge Dec 1944- Battle in Ardennes Mts Of Belgium ndash Offensive by Germans to
split the Allied army in half ndash Initially successful but
Allies prevailed pushing into Germany bull April 1945 Americans meet
Soviets at Elbe River bull Mussolini assassinated Hitler
committed suicide and European conflict officially over on VE Day May 8 1945 (Victory in Europe)
WAR IN THE PACIFIC
Bataan Death March
bull May 1942 Japan takes
control of US Phillipines ndash Forced 75000 American
soldiers and Filipino
civilians on a 68 mile
march to remove the
enemy forces from areas
around their next area of
attack bull Starved beaten tortured
murdered
Island Hopping Campaign bull General McArthur
successful at The Battle of Midway in June 1942 ndash Began hopping from
Island to Island retaking Japanese controlled lands
bull British fighting in Burma and Malaya staged from which colony ndash McArthur had vowed to
return to help Philippines Oct 1944 kept promise
Gloom in the Pacific
bull 1945 war in Europe over
all resources into Pacific
but Japan still strong and ndash Japanese began Kamikaze
missions (which are)
ndash Japanese fought to the
death rather than surrender
at Iwo Jima and Okinawa
bull Success seemed far way
The Allies Choice
bull Planned an invasion of Japan but fearful of Allied casualties
bull July 1945 International group of scientists completed the Manhattan Project successfully testing an atomic bomb in what State
bull President Harry Truman (what happened to FDR) gives Emperor Hirohito an ultimatum surrender or face ldquoutter and complete destructionrdquo-Japan ignores
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
bull August 6 1945-Atomic bomb instantly kills 70000 Japanese citizens Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 8 1945-Soviets declare war and invade Manchuria Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 9 1945-US bomb Nagasaki- atomic bomb instantly kills 40000 Japanese
bull August 10th Hirohito forces Japanese military to surrender officially ending the war in September
Atomic Bomb Debate
bull Should the US have dropped the bombs
Why or Why not ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against the use
of atomic bombs to end WWII
ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against keeping
or destroying all atomic bombs now
Effects of the War
bull Mass Casualties ndash 75 million people total
bull 22 million in the Soviet Union alone (most)
bull Nuremberg Trials ndash Axis powers tried for
Crimes against humanity bull 142 Germans and
Austrians (many Nazi leaders) tried and sentenced to death for their associations with the Holocaust
bull Similar trials in Japan for what actions
ndash Served to show military could be held responsible for their actions exposed the horrors of fascists and dictators hoping to secure a place for democracy
Holocaust Facts
bull 6 million Jews 4 million more gypsies Slavic peoples homosexuals or physically handicapped systematically killed
bull Millions more enslaved in work camps used for medical experiments
bull Jews and others fought back ndash Destroyed gas
chambers ndash Hid Jewish people ndash Denmark and Bulgaria
managed to save almost their entire Jewish population
Denmark‟s Jews
bull Niels Bohr (Danish physicist contracted to work on The Manhattan Project in US) snuck out of Denmark to Neutral Sweden for safe passage to US when arrived in Sweden refused to leave to the US until they agreed to offer asylum to all the Danish Jews All Jews were quietly snuck out of Denmark with the help of the failing Danish government and ordinary citizens who had been hiding them during the German occupation
United Nations
bull April 1945 50 nations created the UN Charter in San Francisco
bull 5 permanent members of the Security Council US Britain France Soviet Union (now Russia) and China ndash Can veto the decisions of the others-all must agree in order
to take action often a weakness for the organization bull Dedicated to keeping World Peace through international
peace keeping missions ndash Work towards strengthening education preventing disease
poverty and hunger bull Relies upon local governments for coordination-often
leading to inefficiencies when the governments are the ones creating the problems
Extra Credit Assignment
bull Pretend you are President Harry Truman trying to convince the US Congress to allow the US the join the United Nations since they wanted to stay out of the League of Nations years previously Write a 12 sentence speech convincing Congress to join using what you have learned from WWII and create a propaganda poster to support your speech
bull Due the Day we return from Christmas Break-Will replace a quiz grade with a 100 if done well
Global Economic Crisis bull How were European economies after WWI
ndash American Banks crashing during 1930rsquos and stopped loaning to foreign governments
ndash US government demanded the Europeans repay their war debthellipbut unable
bull US tried to compensate by raising tariffs (which are) ndash Backfired-others raised their tariffs to
compensatehellipshutting each other out of the global market
THE COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE WARS
3 CHINA AND JAPAN
After the Open Door Policy
bull How was Chinarsquos Republic after it was open to trade
bull 1912 Became a military state-warlords took advantage of local communities fighting and famine throughout China
bull What did Japan get from the Treaty of Versailles (reason they entered) ndash Japan seeks greater power to
make China a protectorate (internally free internationally a territory of another country)
Japan After the War
bull Control by Emperor Hirohito 1926 ndash Became the China of
the 19th Century (all goods made in Japan using cheap labor)
ndash Nationalism rose over the ldquoYellow Perilrdquo (which is)
ndash Military domination in the government by 1937 bull Children were taught
ldquoThe Way of the Subjectsrdquo or how they were to give total obedience to the government and emperor
Japan Invades China
bull Manchurian Incident ndash Blew up their own
Japanese railroad line in Manchuria China-blamed Chinese
ndash 1931 Japan invaded Manchuria bull Leaders of China ignore
and continue fighting each other
bull 1937 Japan Bombs major cities such as Beijing
bull Rape of Nanjing ndash Japanese enter city killing
hundreds of thousands brutalizing thousands more (video)
THE COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE WARS 4 ITALY
Effects of WWI on Italy
bull Disappointed Why ndash Nationalism soared
bull Veterans and peasants in
economic ruin
bull Constant uprising and
need for strong control
Fascism bull Lead to the creation of
the Fascist Party by Benito Mussolini ndash Based on fasces
(sticks wrapped around an axe) the Roman symbol of authority
ndash Goal to create a non communist authoritarian government bull Glorifying action
violence discipline and absolute blind obedience to the state
bull Antidemocratic rejecting reason and equality
bull Echoed Expansion under idea of Social Darwinism (which is)
Mussolini‟s Italy
bull Given the Prime Minister position by King to avoid conflict
bull 1925 Seized more power called Il Duce (eel doochay) ndash Censorship ndash Secret Police ndash Corrupt elections given Fascist
leaders control bull Fascist party members
(individually) controlled business not the government
bull Men called to ruthless military duty
bull Women called to motherhood bull Strict military style education
glorifying Rome and Italy
THE COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE WARS 5 GERMANY
Review Effects of the Treaty of Versailles
bull In 1919 created a democratic Weimar Republic
bull Who was blamed for WWI bull What did they have to pay
ndash Reparations killing economy bull What important economic areas did
they lose ndash Coal rich industrial towns no longer in
their control bull Answer to economic problem Print
More Money Why is this a problem ndash Principle of Supply and Demand-Supply
high value lessons ndash Leads to massive inflation
bull Look for scapegoats-some blamed the Jewish people (why)
Dawes Plan bull World Rallied to
help Weimer Republic ndash France
withdrew from Coal rich Ruhr Valley
ndash US France and Britain lower reparations payments
bull Recovered but then killed again by Great Depression
Rise of Adolf Hitler
bull 1920 National Socialist German Workers party created (Nazirsquos-not socialists at all) ndash NOT SOCIALIST-
FACIST (what is this)
bull Urged Germans all over the world to unite and expand
bull Demanded Germany needed a strong leader or Fuhrer
Mein Kampf bull Published Mein Kampf
ldquoMy Strugglerdquo 1925 ndash Outlines Nazi ideology
and goals bull Extreme Nationalism bull Superiority of the Germans
Throw off the chains of the Treaty of Versailles and create a world dominated by the superior German Aryan Race
bull Anti-Semitism (what is it) ndashBelief Jews were conspiring to overthrow the government states that the gassing of thousands of Jews would mean that the sacrifice of millions of soldiers will not be in vain
Hitler‟s Democratic Take-over bull What 2 main circumstances in Germany played into Hitlerrsquos rise
bull Promised to end reparations create jobs and arm Germany for the
future
bull Nazis gained more and more legislative seats
bull By the democratic process Hitler elected Chancellor (leader) in 1933
bull Took 1 year to suspend civil rights and disbanded all opposing
political parties executing any party members he believed were
disloyal (speech)
Hitler‟s Third Reich
bull Why the Third Reich bull Totalitarianism
ndash Power by what means bull Economic
ndash Public Works programs (which are) bull Highways trains housing bull Rebuilt industry through arms
development bull Employment soaredhellipthe people
cheered
bull Social Policy ndash Hitler Youth indoctrinated with
racism and absolute loyalty ndash Censorship toward pure German
Society (burned books propaganda) ndash Pure Aryan women rewarded for
having babies turned away from universities and upper level positions
Cultural Purge
bull Churches Close ndash Hitler Christianity
ldquoweakrdquo ndash All Protestant
faiths combined into a state church indoctrinating Aryan superiority
ndash Some Catholic churches closed if spoke out against Nazi regime
Nuremberg Laws 1935
bull Laws stated Jewish people could NOT
bull Marry non Jews
bull Attend or teach in German
schools
bull Hold Government positions
bull Practice Law or Medicine
bull Publish Books
bull Urged the unprovoked
beatings of Jewish people in public ndash Effect many German Jews like Albert Einstein fled
Night of the Broken Glass ldquoKristallnachtrdquo
bull November 7 1938 a young Jew who had watched his parents be mistreated in Germany shot a German diplomat in Paris ndash From article Specifically
why was Grynszpan mad ndash Goebbels and Hitler want
who to rise up and attack the Jewish people Did this happen Who did
bull Hitler reacted by attacking Jewish communities (called) ndash Destroyed buildings burned
synagogues and dragged Jewish people into the street for public beatings
World Reaction
bull World swiftly and negatively reacted to The Night of the Broken Glass
bull Hitlerrsquos response ndash Make the Jewish people
pay for the damage ndash Increase his campaign by
forcing them into concentration camps (what are these)
ndash Began plotting his ldquofinal solutionrdquo (which was)
ldquoWork makes one Freerdquo
bull ldquoThe Nazis came first for the Communists But I wasnrsquot Communist so I didnrsquot speak up Then they came for the Jews but I wasnrsquot a Jew so I didnrsquot speak uphellipThen they came for the unionists but I was a Protestant so I didnrsquot speak up Then they came for me By that time there was no one left to speak uprdquo ndash Lutheran Minister Martin Niemoller
bull What lesson can be learned from this
Critical Thinking
bull Find 6 similarities between the Totalitarian
States of the USSR Italy and Germany
APPEASING THE ENEMY
Policy of Appeasement 1936 bull Appeasement Giving
into the demands of aggressors in order to keep peace ndash West did everything from
weak sanctions to ignoring aggressive behavior to avoid War bull Italy invaded Ethiopia
1935 ndash League of Nations (whorsquos
involved) passed economic sanctions but couldnrsquot enforce them
bull 1936 Germans invaded the Rhineland (demilitarized no manrsquos land protecting France from Germany)
ndash France and Britain turn a blinds eye
ndash WHY
1935 US Passes Neutrality Acts
bull Neutrality Acts ndash US will not do the
following with
countries at war bull Sell arms
bull Loan money
bull Have Americans
travel on their ships
(why)
1936 The Axis of ldquoEvilrdquo
bull Germany Italy and
Japan form an
alliance to ldquoend
communismrdquo ndash Really an
agreement to NOT
stop each other
from expanding
1936 Spain falls to Fascist Franco with Nazi Germany‟s help
bull Germany bombs Guernica Spain as a dress rehearsal for their new war planes- 1600 innocent civilians were killed
A neutral Europe
bull On your map choose a color for countries that remained as neutral as humanly possible in this case Color and label the following (Good practice for the Map Quiz tomorrow) ndash Switzerland ndash Sweden ndash Republic of Ireland ndash Portugal ndash Spain
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Germany
ndash Italy
ndash Northern Africa
German Expansion
bull What were Hitlerrsquos goals ndash Unite Germans
everywhere ndash Create more living
space bull 1st Move 1938 Annex
Austria his birthplace (easily fell Europe did nothing)
bull 2nd Move 1938 Demand the annexation of the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia which was home to mostly Germans
ndash Munich Conference-Germany ldquopromisedrdquo to not invade any more land so Britain and France persuaded Czechs to surrender the territory
bull Soon to be Prime Minister of Great Britain (1940) Winston Churchill said of the decision ndash ldquoThey had to
chose between war or dishonor They chose dishonor they will have warrdquo
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Austria
ndash Czechoslovakia (Find Czech Republic and
Slovakia) Color them both in
Assignment bull Create your own political cartoon that
expresses the effects of Appeasement and Neutrality upon Europe ndash Create a Catchy Title and Write it on the Top
line in Marker ndash Draw the Picture in the box and COLOR and or
use BLACK MARKER to outline any pencil markshellipyou will not be graded on your drawing ability but you will be graded on your creativity use of historical information neatness overall effort and your ability to stay on task
ndash Sign the bottom
Nazi-Soviet Pact 1939
bull August nonaggression pact between Germany and Soviet Union signed ndash Would not fight if the
other went to war ndash Divide Poland and
Eastern Europe between them bull Soviets reason Gain
territory and time to build arms
bull Germany free to take Poland avoid a two front war (why)
The Poland Promise
bull Hitler didnrsquot stop at the Sudetenland and took more and more of Czechoslovakia
bull Britain and France accepted the failure of appeasement and promised to protect Poland Germany obvious next move ndash September 1939 Nazirsquos invade
Poland and Britain and France honor their agreement declaring war on Germany
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries that are Axis Controlled Color and label the following ndash Poland ndash Yugoslavia (Find Serbia color it all in) ndash Romania ndash Hungary ndash Bulgaria ndash Greece ndash Albania
THE BEGINNINGS OF WWII EARLY AXIS ACHIEVEMENTS
Nazi Blitzkrieg
bull Blitzkrieg ldquoLightning Warrdquo ndash German strategy to
do a series of quick constant attacks to keep the enemy from easily responding bull Easily took Norway
Denmark Netherlands Belgium sites set on France
The Fall of France
bull British troops were evacuated bull German Attacked from the
North bull Italy from the South bull Outnumbered and
demoralized France Falls ndash June 1940 forced to
surrender in the same place Germany was forced to sign the Treaty of Versailles
ndash French officers including Charles de Gaulle escaped to Britain to plan liberation
ndash French continued guerrilla warfare against the Axis powers
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Denmark
ndash Norway
ndash Netherlands
ndash Belgium
ndash France
Operation Sea Lion
bull Battle of Britain-Failure of the Blitz ndash Winston Churchill ldquoWe
shall never surrenderrdquo ndash August 1940 first bombs
by German plains bull 57 Day campaign of
bombing London bull People defiantly
continued their lives 15000 people lost their lives Parliament still met King and Queen went to bomb shelters with citizens
ndash May 1941 Hitler calls it a failure and calls a new strategy
Operation Barbarossa History Repeats itself
bull June 1941 Turned sites on Soviet Union ndash Caught Stalin off guard
leading to the death of 2 frac12 million soldiers in 6 months (Why) bull Nazi-Soviet Pact bull Many top officers assassinated
during Stalinrsquos purge ndash Soviets turned to burning
crops and animals destroying cities to avoid Germans taking them bull Called bull Scorched Earth Policy bull So also like Napoleon what
happens when winter comes
Siege of Leningrad lasts 2 frac12 years bull Millions die of hunger Britain reemerges to help
Soviets with creating a 2 Front War on Germany
US‟s 1941 1 Sided Neutrality
bull Lend-Lease Act FDR can lend war materials to any country whose defense the president thinks is vital to keeping the US safe ndash ldquoArsenal of democracyrdquo lend arms to those fighting for freedom ndash Meaning who in this war
bull Atlantic Charter secret meeting between Churchill and FDR- destroy Nazis people right to chose how they are governed
ldquoA Date which will remain in infamyrdquo
bull Japan is creating a growing Pacific Empire
bull Under Atlantic Charter US stops providing war materials to JapanhellipWhy
bull Japan mad-General Tojo orders attacks on American Military Fleet in Pearl Harbor
bull December 7 1941 declares war on Japan
bull December 11 rest of Axis powers declare war on US
bull Beginning of 1942-Axis powers at their height of control
EUROPEAN SUCCESS
Distrustful Allies
bull Stalin Churchill and FDR distrust each other ndash Stalin fearful Churchill
and FDR deliberately delaying the beginning of Western Front war to weaken Communism
ndash Roosevelt leery Churchill will want to expand British Imperial power
The Side Effects of Total War
bull Allies began Total War (meaning) ndash Men drafted to war ndash Propaganda
bull Posters news broadcasts everything showed the evils of Japanese and Germans Rosie the Riveter pics urged women into factories
ndash Effects ndash Women urged to do their part by
kicking off their dresses and working in factories building war materials
ndash Rationing of food and war materials ndash 1942 Japanese Americans lost their jobs
property and rights by being interned in camps because of fear they were loyal to Japan
bull Began attack in Northern Africa ndash Forced surrender of
Axis army in Northern Africa in May 1943
ndash Staging ground for invasion of Italy
bull Invaded Italy in July 1943
bull Defeated Mussolini by August 1943 ndash Mussolini overthrown
bull Germany weakened by having to fight Allies in Italy to save Mussolini
Northern Africa to Italy
Aug 1942 Battle of Stalingrad
bull 1942 Hitler still stalled outside Leningrad switch to oil rich Stalingrad in the South ndash Germans surrounded
city ndash Soviets from North
surrounded Germans ndash Fought street by street
house by house bull Early 1943 Germans
surrendered and were pushed out of USSR by Aug 1944
D-Day
bull 1944 US General Eisenhower prepared to open second European Front ndash Bombed German factories
cities and aircraft to weaken army
bull June 6 1944 Paratroopers dropped into France at dawn soldiers stormed the beaches of Normandy France others entered through Italy French resisted from inside Paris
bull All of France free by September 1944
Hitler‟s Last Stand
bull Battle of the Bulge Dec 1944- Battle in Ardennes Mts Of Belgium ndash Offensive by Germans to
split the Allied army in half ndash Initially successful but
Allies prevailed pushing into Germany bull April 1945 Americans meet
Soviets at Elbe River bull Mussolini assassinated Hitler
committed suicide and European conflict officially over on VE Day May 8 1945 (Victory in Europe)
WAR IN THE PACIFIC
Bataan Death March
bull May 1942 Japan takes
control of US Phillipines ndash Forced 75000 American
soldiers and Filipino
civilians on a 68 mile
march to remove the
enemy forces from areas
around their next area of
attack bull Starved beaten tortured
murdered
Island Hopping Campaign bull General McArthur
successful at The Battle of Midway in June 1942 ndash Began hopping from
Island to Island retaking Japanese controlled lands
bull British fighting in Burma and Malaya staged from which colony ndash McArthur had vowed to
return to help Philippines Oct 1944 kept promise
Gloom in the Pacific
bull 1945 war in Europe over
all resources into Pacific
but Japan still strong and ndash Japanese began Kamikaze
missions (which are)
ndash Japanese fought to the
death rather than surrender
at Iwo Jima and Okinawa
bull Success seemed far way
The Allies Choice
bull Planned an invasion of Japan but fearful of Allied casualties
bull July 1945 International group of scientists completed the Manhattan Project successfully testing an atomic bomb in what State
bull President Harry Truman (what happened to FDR) gives Emperor Hirohito an ultimatum surrender or face ldquoutter and complete destructionrdquo-Japan ignores
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
bull August 6 1945-Atomic bomb instantly kills 70000 Japanese citizens Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 8 1945-Soviets declare war and invade Manchuria Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 9 1945-US bomb Nagasaki- atomic bomb instantly kills 40000 Japanese
bull August 10th Hirohito forces Japanese military to surrender officially ending the war in September
Atomic Bomb Debate
bull Should the US have dropped the bombs
Why or Why not ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against the use
of atomic bombs to end WWII
ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against keeping
or destroying all atomic bombs now
Effects of the War
bull Mass Casualties ndash 75 million people total
bull 22 million in the Soviet Union alone (most)
bull Nuremberg Trials ndash Axis powers tried for
Crimes against humanity bull 142 Germans and
Austrians (many Nazi leaders) tried and sentenced to death for their associations with the Holocaust
bull Similar trials in Japan for what actions
ndash Served to show military could be held responsible for their actions exposed the horrors of fascists and dictators hoping to secure a place for democracy
Holocaust Facts
bull 6 million Jews 4 million more gypsies Slavic peoples homosexuals or physically handicapped systematically killed
bull Millions more enslaved in work camps used for medical experiments
bull Jews and others fought back ndash Destroyed gas
chambers ndash Hid Jewish people ndash Denmark and Bulgaria
managed to save almost their entire Jewish population
Denmark‟s Jews
bull Niels Bohr (Danish physicist contracted to work on The Manhattan Project in US) snuck out of Denmark to Neutral Sweden for safe passage to US when arrived in Sweden refused to leave to the US until they agreed to offer asylum to all the Danish Jews All Jews were quietly snuck out of Denmark with the help of the failing Danish government and ordinary citizens who had been hiding them during the German occupation
United Nations
bull April 1945 50 nations created the UN Charter in San Francisco
bull 5 permanent members of the Security Council US Britain France Soviet Union (now Russia) and China ndash Can veto the decisions of the others-all must agree in order
to take action often a weakness for the organization bull Dedicated to keeping World Peace through international
peace keeping missions ndash Work towards strengthening education preventing disease
poverty and hunger bull Relies upon local governments for coordination-often
leading to inefficiencies when the governments are the ones creating the problems
Extra Credit Assignment
bull Pretend you are President Harry Truman trying to convince the US Congress to allow the US the join the United Nations since they wanted to stay out of the League of Nations years previously Write a 12 sentence speech convincing Congress to join using what you have learned from WWII and create a propaganda poster to support your speech
bull Due the Day we return from Christmas Break-Will replace a quiz grade with a 100 if done well
THE COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE WARS
3 CHINA AND JAPAN
After the Open Door Policy
bull How was Chinarsquos Republic after it was open to trade
bull 1912 Became a military state-warlords took advantage of local communities fighting and famine throughout China
bull What did Japan get from the Treaty of Versailles (reason they entered) ndash Japan seeks greater power to
make China a protectorate (internally free internationally a territory of another country)
Japan After the War
bull Control by Emperor Hirohito 1926 ndash Became the China of
the 19th Century (all goods made in Japan using cheap labor)
ndash Nationalism rose over the ldquoYellow Perilrdquo (which is)
ndash Military domination in the government by 1937 bull Children were taught
ldquoThe Way of the Subjectsrdquo or how they were to give total obedience to the government and emperor
Japan Invades China
bull Manchurian Incident ndash Blew up their own
Japanese railroad line in Manchuria China-blamed Chinese
ndash 1931 Japan invaded Manchuria bull Leaders of China ignore
and continue fighting each other
bull 1937 Japan Bombs major cities such as Beijing
bull Rape of Nanjing ndash Japanese enter city killing
hundreds of thousands brutalizing thousands more (video)
THE COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE WARS 4 ITALY
Effects of WWI on Italy
bull Disappointed Why ndash Nationalism soared
bull Veterans and peasants in
economic ruin
bull Constant uprising and
need for strong control
Fascism bull Lead to the creation of
the Fascist Party by Benito Mussolini ndash Based on fasces
(sticks wrapped around an axe) the Roman symbol of authority
ndash Goal to create a non communist authoritarian government bull Glorifying action
violence discipline and absolute blind obedience to the state
bull Antidemocratic rejecting reason and equality
bull Echoed Expansion under idea of Social Darwinism (which is)
Mussolini‟s Italy
bull Given the Prime Minister position by King to avoid conflict
bull 1925 Seized more power called Il Duce (eel doochay) ndash Censorship ndash Secret Police ndash Corrupt elections given Fascist
leaders control bull Fascist party members
(individually) controlled business not the government
bull Men called to ruthless military duty
bull Women called to motherhood bull Strict military style education
glorifying Rome and Italy
THE COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE WARS 5 GERMANY
Review Effects of the Treaty of Versailles
bull In 1919 created a democratic Weimar Republic
bull Who was blamed for WWI bull What did they have to pay
ndash Reparations killing economy bull What important economic areas did
they lose ndash Coal rich industrial towns no longer in
their control bull Answer to economic problem Print
More Money Why is this a problem ndash Principle of Supply and Demand-Supply
high value lessons ndash Leads to massive inflation
bull Look for scapegoats-some blamed the Jewish people (why)
Dawes Plan bull World Rallied to
help Weimer Republic ndash France
withdrew from Coal rich Ruhr Valley
ndash US France and Britain lower reparations payments
bull Recovered but then killed again by Great Depression
Rise of Adolf Hitler
bull 1920 National Socialist German Workers party created (Nazirsquos-not socialists at all) ndash NOT SOCIALIST-
FACIST (what is this)
bull Urged Germans all over the world to unite and expand
bull Demanded Germany needed a strong leader or Fuhrer
Mein Kampf bull Published Mein Kampf
ldquoMy Strugglerdquo 1925 ndash Outlines Nazi ideology
and goals bull Extreme Nationalism bull Superiority of the Germans
Throw off the chains of the Treaty of Versailles and create a world dominated by the superior German Aryan Race
bull Anti-Semitism (what is it) ndashBelief Jews were conspiring to overthrow the government states that the gassing of thousands of Jews would mean that the sacrifice of millions of soldiers will not be in vain
Hitler‟s Democratic Take-over bull What 2 main circumstances in Germany played into Hitlerrsquos rise
bull Promised to end reparations create jobs and arm Germany for the
future
bull Nazis gained more and more legislative seats
bull By the democratic process Hitler elected Chancellor (leader) in 1933
bull Took 1 year to suspend civil rights and disbanded all opposing
political parties executing any party members he believed were
disloyal (speech)
Hitler‟s Third Reich
bull Why the Third Reich bull Totalitarianism
ndash Power by what means bull Economic
ndash Public Works programs (which are) bull Highways trains housing bull Rebuilt industry through arms
development bull Employment soaredhellipthe people
cheered
bull Social Policy ndash Hitler Youth indoctrinated with
racism and absolute loyalty ndash Censorship toward pure German
Society (burned books propaganda) ndash Pure Aryan women rewarded for
having babies turned away from universities and upper level positions
Cultural Purge
bull Churches Close ndash Hitler Christianity
ldquoweakrdquo ndash All Protestant
faiths combined into a state church indoctrinating Aryan superiority
ndash Some Catholic churches closed if spoke out against Nazi regime
Nuremberg Laws 1935
bull Laws stated Jewish people could NOT
bull Marry non Jews
bull Attend or teach in German
schools
bull Hold Government positions
bull Practice Law or Medicine
bull Publish Books
bull Urged the unprovoked
beatings of Jewish people in public ndash Effect many German Jews like Albert Einstein fled
Night of the Broken Glass ldquoKristallnachtrdquo
bull November 7 1938 a young Jew who had watched his parents be mistreated in Germany shot a German diplomat in Paris ndash From article Specifically
why was Grynszpan mad ndash Goebbels and Hitler want
who to rise up and attack the Jewish people Did this happen Who did
bull Hitler reacted by attacking Jewish communities (called) ndash Destroyed buildings burned
synagogues and dragged Jewish people into the street for public beatings
World Reaction
bull World swiftly and negatively reacted to The Night of the Broken Glass
bull Hitlerrsquos response ndash Make the Jewish people
pay for the damage ndash Increase his campaign by
forcing them into concentration camps (what are these)
ndash Began plotting his ldquofinal solutionrdquo (which was)
ldquoWork makes one Freerdquo
bull ldquoThe Nazis came first for the Communists But I wasnrsquot Communist so I didnrsquot speak up Then they came for the Jews but I wasnrsquot a Jew so I didnrsquot speak uphellipThen they came for the unionists but I was a Protestant so I didnrsquot speak up Then they came for me By that time there was no one left to speak uprdquo ndash Lutheran Minister Martin Niemoller
bull What lesson can be learned from this
Critical Thinking
bull Find 6 similarities between the Totalitarian
States of the USSR Italy and Germany
APPEASING THE ENEMY
Policy of Appeasement 1936 bull Appeasement Giving
into the demands of aggressors in order to keep peace ndash West did everything from
weak sanctions to ignoring aggressive behavior to avoid War bull Italy invaded Ethiopia
1935 ndash League of Nations (whorsquos
involved) passed economic sanctions but couldnrsquot enforce them
bull 1936 Germans invaded the Rhineland (demilitarized no manrsquos land protecting France from Germany)
ndash France and Britain turn a blinds eye
ndash WHY
1935 US Passes Neutrality Acts
bull Neutrality Acts ndash US will not do the
following with
countries at war bull Sell arms
bull Loan money
bull Have Americans
travel on their ships
(why)
1936 The Axis of ldquoEvilrdquo
bull Germany Italy and
Japan form an
alliance to ldquoend
communismrdquo ndash Really an
agreement to NOT
stop each other
from expanding
1936 Spain falls to Fascist Franco with Nazi Germany‟s help
bull Germany bombs Guernica Spain as a dress rehearsal for their new war planes- 1600 innocent civilians were killed
A neutral Europe
bull On your map choose a color for countries that remained as neutral as humanly possible in this case Color and label the following (Good practice for the Map Quiz tomorrow) ndash Switzerland ndash Sweden ndash Republic of Ireland ndash Portugal ndash Spain
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Germany
ndash Italy
ndash Northern Africa
German Expansion
bull What were Hitlerrsquos goals ndash Unite Germans
everywhere ndash Create more living
space bull 1st Move 1938 Annex
Austria his birthplace (easily fell Europe did nothing)
bull 2nd Move 1938 Demand the annexation of the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia which was home to mostly Germans
ndash Munich Conference-Germany ldquopromisedrdquo to not invade any more land so Britain and France persuaded Czechs to surrender the territory
bull Soon to be Prime Minister of Great Britain (1940) Winston Churchill said of the decision ndash ldquoThey had to
chose between war or dishonor They chose dishonor they will have warrdquo
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Austria
ndash Czechoslovakia (Find Czech Republic and
Slovakia) Color them both in
Assignment bull Create your own political cartoon that
expresses the effects of Appeasement and Neutrality upon Europe ndash Create a Catchy Title and Write it on the Top
line in Marker ndash Draw the Picture in the box and COLOR and or
use BLACK MARKER to outline any pencil markshellipyou will not be graded on your drawing ability but you will be graded on your creativity use of historical information neatness overall effort and your ability to stay on task
ndash Sign the bottom
Nazi-Soviet Pact 1939
bull August nonaggression pact between Germany and Soviet Union signed ndash Would not fight if the
other went to war ndash Divide Poland and
Eastern Europe between them bull Soviets reason Gain
territory and time to build arms
bull Germany free to take Poland avoid a two front war (why)
The Poland Promise
bull Hitler didnrsquot stop at the Sudetenland and took more and more of Czechoslovakia
bull Britain and France accepted the failure of appeasement and promised to protect Poland Germany obvious next move ndash September 1939 Nazirsquos invade
Poland and Britain and France honor their agreement declaring war on Germany
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries that are Axis Controlled Color and label the following ndash Poland ndash Yugoslavia (Find Serbia color it all in) ndash Romania ndash Hungary ndash Bulgaria ndash Greece ndash Albania
THE BEGINNINGS OF WWII EARLY AXIS ACHIEVEMENTS
Nazi Blitzkrieg
bull Blitzkrieg ldquoLightning Warrdquo ndash German strategy to
do a series of quick constant attacks to keep the enemy from easily responding bull Easily took Norway
Denmark Netherlands Belgium sites set on France
The Fall of France
bull British troops were evacuated bull German Attacked from the
North bull Italy from the South bull Outnumbered and
demoralized France Falls ndash June 1940 forced to
surrender in the same place Germany was forced to sign the Treaty of Versailles
ndash French officers including Charles de Gaulle escaped to Britain to plan liberation
ndash French continued guerrilla warfare against the Axis powers
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Denmark
ndash Norway
ndash Netherlands
ndash Belgium
ndash France
Operation Sea Lion
bull Battle of Britain-Failure of the Blitz ndash Winston Churchill ldquoWe
shall never surrenderrdquo ndash August 1940 first bombs
by German plains bull 57 Day campaign of
bombing London bull People defiantly
continued their lives 15000 people lost their lives Parliament still met King and Queen went to bomb shelters with citizens
ndash May 1941 Hitler calls it a failure and calls a new strategy
Operation Barbarossa History Repeats itself
bull June 1941 Turned sites on Soviet Union ndash Caught Stalin off guard
leading to the death of 2 frac12 million soldiers in 6 months (Why) bull Nazi-Soviet Pact bull Many top officers assassinated
during Stalinrsquos purge ndash Soviets turned to burning
crops and animals destroying cities to avoid Germans taking them bull Called bull Scorched Earth Policy bull So also like Napoleon what
happens when winter comes
Siege of Leningrad lasts 2 frac12 years bull Millions die of hunger Britain reemerges to help
Soviets with creating a 2 Front War on Germany
US‟s 1941 1 Sided Neutrality
bull Lend-Lease Act FDR can lend war materials to any country whose defense the president thinks is vital to keeping the US safe ndash ldquoArsenal of democracyrdquo lend arms to those fighting for freedom ndash Meaning who in this war
bull Atlantic Charter secret meeting between Churchill and FDR- destroy Nazis people right to chose how they are governed
ldquoA Date which will remain in infamyrdquo
bull Japan is creating a growing Pacific Empire
bull Under Atlantic Charter US stops providing war materials to JapanhellipWhy
bull Japan mad-General Tojo orders attacks on American Military Fleet in Pearl Harbor
bull December 7 1941 declares war on Japan
bull December 11 rest of Axis powers declare war on US
bull Beginning of 1942-Axis powers at their height of control
EUROPEAN SUCCESS
Distrustful Allies
bull Stalin Churchill and FDR distrust each other ndash Stalin fearful Churchill
and FDR deliberately delaying the beginning of Western Front war to weaken Communism
ndash Roosevelt leery Churchill will want to expand British Imperial power
The Side Effects of Total War
bull Allies began Total War (meaning) ndash Men drafted to war ndash Propaganda
bull Posters news broadcasts everything showed the evils of Japanese and Germans Rosie the Riveter pics urged women into factories
ndash Effects ndash Women urged to do their part by
kicking off their dresses and working in factories building war materials
ndash Rationing of food and war materials ndash 1942 Japanese Americans lost their jobs
property and rights by being interned in camps because of fear they were loyal to Japan
bull Began attack in Northern Africa ndash Forced surrender of
Axis army in Northern Africa in May 1943
ndash Staging ground for invasion of Italy
bull Invaded Italy in July 1943
bull Defeated Mussolini by August 1943 ndash Mussolini overthrown
bull Germany weakened by having to fight Allies in Italy to save Mussolini
Northern Africa to Italy
Aug 1942 Battle of Stalingrad
bull 1942 Hitler still stalled outside Leningrad switch to oil rich Stalingrad in the South ndash Germans surrounded
city ndash Soviets from North
surrounded Germans ndash Fought street by street
house by house bull Early 1943 Germans
surrendered and were pushed out of USSR by Aug 1944
D-Day
bull 1944 US General Eisenhower prepared to open second European Front ndash Bombed German factories
cities and aircraft to weaken army
bull June 6 1944 Paratroopers dropped into France at dawn soldiers stormed the beaches of Normandy France others entered through Italy French resisted from inside Paris
bull All of France free by September 1944
Hitler‟s Last Stand
bull Battle of the Bulge Dec 1944- Battle in Ardennes Mts Of Belgium ndash Offensive by Germans to
split the Allied army in half ndash Initially successful but
Allies prevailed pushing into Germany bull April 1945 Americans meet
Soviets at Elbe River bull Mussolini assassinated Hitler
committed suicide and European conflict officially over on VE Day May 8 1945 (Victory in Europe)
WAR IN THE PACIFIC
Bataan Death March
bull May 1942 Japan takes
control of US Phillipines ndash Forced 75000 American
soldiers and Filipino
civilians on a 68 mile
march to remove the
enemy forces from areas
around their next area of
attack bull Starved beaten tortured
murdered
Island Hopping Campaign bull General McArthur
successful at The Battle of Midway in June 1942 ndash Began hopping from
Island to Island retaking Japanese controlled lands
bull British fighting in Burma and Malaya staged from which colony ndash McArthur had vowed to
return to help Philippines Oct 1944 kept promise
Gloom in the Pacific
bull 1945 war in Europe over
all resources into Pacific
but Japan still strong and ndash Japanese began Kamikaze
missions (which are)
ndash Japanese fought to the
death rather than surrender
at Iwo Jima and Okinawa
bull Success seemed far way
The Allies Choice
bull Planned an invasion of Japan but fearful of Allied casualties
bull July 1945 International group of scientists completed the Manhattan Project successfully testing an atomic bomb in what State
bull President Harry Truman (what happened to FDR) gives Emperor Hirohito an ultimatum surrender or face ldquoutter and complete destructionrdquo-Japan ignores
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
bull August 6 1945-Atomic bomb instantly kills 70000 Japanese citizens Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 8 1945-Soviets declare war and invade Manchuria Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 9 1945-US bomb Nagasaki- atomic bomb instantly kills 40000 Japanese
bull August 10th Hirohito forces Japanese military to surrender officially ending the war in September
Atomic Bomb Debate
bull Should the US have dropped the bombs
Why or Why not ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against the use
of atomic bombs to end WWII
ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against keeping
or destroying all atomic bombs now
Effects of the War
bull Mass Casualties ndash 75 million people total
bull 22 million in the Soviet Union alone (most)
bull Nuremberg Trials ndash Axis powers tried for
Crimes against humanity bull 142 Germans and
Austrians (many Nazi leaders) tried and sentenced to death for their associations with the Holocaust
bull Similar trials in Japan for what actions
ndash Served to show military could be held responsible for their actions exposed the horrors of fascists and dictators hoping to secure a place for democracy
Holocaust Facts
bull 6 million Jews 4 million more gypsies Slavic peoples homosexuals or physically handicapped systematically killed
bull Millions more enslaved in work camps used for medical experiments
bull Jews and others fought back ndash Destroyed gas
chambers ndash Hid Jewish people ndash Denmark and Bulgaria
managed to save almost their entire Jewish population
Denmark‟s Jews
bull Niels Bohr (Danish physicist contracted to work on The Manhattan Project in US) snuck out of Denmark to Neutral Sweden for safe passage to US when arrived in Sweden refused to leave to the US until they agreed to offer asylum to all the Danish Jews All Jews were quietly snuck out of Denmark with the help of the failing Danish government and ordinary citizens who had been hiding them during the German occupation
United Nations
bull April 1945 50 nations created the UN Charter in San Francisco
bull 5 permanent members of the Security Council US Britain France Soviet Union (now Russia) and China ndash Can veto the decisions of the others-all must agree in order
to take action often a weakness for the organization bull Dedicated to keeping World Peace through international
peace keeping missions ndash Work towards strengthening education preventing disease
poverty and hunger bull Relies upon local governments for coordination-often
leading to inefficiencies when the governments are the ones creating the problems
Extra Credit Assignment
bull Pretend you are President Harry Truman trying to convince the US Congress to allow the US the join the United Nations since they wanted to stay out of the League of Nations years previously Write a 12 sentence speech convincing Congress to join using what you have learned from WWII and create a propaganda poster to support your speech
bull Due the Day we return from Christmas Break-Will replace a quiz grade with a 100 if done well
After the Open Door Policy
bull How was Chinarsquos Republic after it was open to trade
bull 1912 Became a military state-warlords took advantage of local communities fighting and famine throughout China
bull What did Japan get from the Treaty of Versailles (reason they entered) ndash Japan seeks greater power to
make China a protectorate (internally free internationally a territory of another country)
Japan After the War
bull Control by Emperor Hirohito 1926 ndash Became the China of
the 19th Century (all goods made in Japan using cheap labor)
ndash Nationalism rose over the ldquoYellow Perilrdquo (which is)
ndash Military domination in the government by 1937 bull Children were taught
ldquoThe Way of the Subjectsrdquo or how they were to give total obedience to the government and emperor
Japan Invades China
bull Manchurian Incident ndash Blew up their own
Japanese railroad line in Manchuria China-blamed Chinese
ndash 1931 Japan invaded Manchuria bull Leaders of China ignore
and continue fighting each other
bull 1937 Japan Bombs major cities such as Beijing
bull Rape of Nanjing ndash Japanese enter city killing
hundreds of thousands brutalizing thousands more (video)
THE COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE WARS 4 ITALY
Effects of WWI on Italy
bull Disappointed Why ndash Nationalism soared
bull Veterans and peasants in
economic ruin
bull Constant uprising and
need for strong control
Fascism bull Lead to the creation of
the Fascist Party by Benito Mussolini ndash Based on fasces
(sticks wrapped around an axe) the Roman symbol of authority
ndash Goal to create a non communist authoritarian government bull Glorifying action
violence discipline and absolute blind obedience to the state
bull Antidemocratic rejecting reason and equality
bull Echoed Expansion under idea of Social Darwinism (which is)
Mussolini‟s Italy
bull Given the Prime Minister position by King to avoid conflict
bull 1925 Seized more power called Il Duce (eel doochay) ndash Censorship ndash Secret Police ndash Corrupt elections given Fascist
leaders control bull Fascist party members
(individually) controlled business not the government
bull Men called to ruthless military duty
bull Women called to motherhood bull Strict military style education
glorifying Rome and Italy
THE COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE WARS 5 GERMANY
Review Effects of the Treaty of Versailles
bull In 1919 created a democratic Weimar Republic
bull Who was blamed for WWI bull What did they have to pay
ndash Reparations killing economy bull What important economic areas did
they lose ndash Coal rich industrial towns no longer in
their control bull Answer to economic problem Print
More Money Why is this a problem ndash Principle of Supply and Demand-Supply
high value lessons ndash Leads to massive inflation
bull Look for scapegoats-some blamed the Jewish people (why)
Dawes Plan bull World Rallied to
help Weimer Republic ndash France
withdrew from Coal rich Ruhr Valley
ndash US France and Britain lower reparations payments
bull Recovered but then killed again by Great Depression
Rise of Adolf Hitler
bull 1920 National Socialist German Workers party created (Nazirsquos-not socialists at all) ndash NOT SOCIALIST-
FACIST (what is this)
bull Urged Germans all over the world to unite and expand
bull Demanded Germany needed a strong leader or Fuhrer
Mein Kampf bull Published Mein Kampf
ldquoMy Strugglerdquo 1925 ndash Outlines Nazi ideology
and goals bull Extreme Nationalism bull Superiority of the Germans
Throw off the chains of the Treaty of Versailles and create a world dominated by the superior German Aryan Race
bull Anti-Semitism (what is it) ndashBelief Jews were conspiring to overthrow the government states that the gassing of thousands of Jews would mean that the sacrifice of millions of soldiers will not be in vain
Hitler‟s Democratic Take-over bull What 2 main circumstances in Germany played into Hitlerrsquos rise
bull Promised to end reparations create jobs and arm Germany for the
future
bull Nazis gained more and more legislative seats
bull By the democratic process Hitler elected Chancellor (leader) in 1933
bull Took 1 year to suspend civil rights and disbanded all opposing
political parties executing any party members he believed were
disloyal (speech)
Hitler‟s Third Reich
bull Why the Third Reich bull Totalitarianism
ndash Power by what means bull Economic
ndash Public Works programs (which are) bull Highways trains housing bull Rebuilt industry through arms
development bull Employment soaredhellipthe people
cheered
bull Social Policy ndash Hitler Youth indoctrinated with
racism and absolute loyalty ndash Censorship toward pure German
Society (burned books propaganda) ndash Pure Aryan women rewarded for
having babies turned away from universities and upper level positions
Cultural Purge
bull Churches Close ndash Hitler Christianity
ldquoweakrdquo ndash All Protestant
faiths combined into a state church indoctrinating Aryan superiority
ndash Some Catholic churches closed if spoke out against Nazi regime
Nuremberg Laws 1935
bull Laws stated Jewish people could NOT
bull Marry non Jews
bull Attend or teach in German
schools
bull Hold Government positions
bull Practice Law or Medicine
bull Publish Books
bull Urged the unprovoked
beatings of Jewish people in public ndash Effect many German Jews like Albert Einstein fled
Night of the Broken Glass ldquoKristallnachtrdquo
bull November 7 1938 a young Jew who had watched his parents be mistreated in Germany shot a German diplomat in Paris ndash From article Specifically
why was Grynszpan mad ndash Goebbels and Hitler want
who to rise up and attack the Jewish people Did this happen Who did
bull Hitler reacted by attacking Jewish communities (called) ndash Destroyed buildings burned
synagogues and dragged Jewish people into the street for public beatings
World Reaction
bull World swiftly and negatively reacted to The Night of the Broken Glass
bull Hitlerrsquos response ndash Make the Jewish people
pay for the damage ndash Increase his campaign by
forcing them into concentration camps (what are these)
ndash Began plotting his ldquofinal solutionrdquo (which was)
ldquoWork makes one Freerdquo
bull ldquoThe Nazis came first for the Communists But I wasnrsquot Communist so I didnrsquot speak up Then they came for the Jews but I wasnrsquot a Jew so I didnrsquot speak uphellipThen they came for the unionists but I was a Protestant so I didnrsquot speak up Then they came for me By that time there was no one left to speak uprdquo ndash Lutheran Minister Martin Niemoller
bull What lesson can be learned from this
Critical Thinking
bull Find 6 similarities between the Totalitarian
States of the USSR Italy and Germany
APPEASING THE ENEMY
Policy of Appeasement 1936 bull Appeasement Giving
into the demands of aggressors in order to keep peace ndash West did everything from
weak sanctions to ignoring aggressive behavior to avoid War bull Italy invaded Ethiopia
1935 ndash League of Nations (whorsquos
involved) passed economic sanctions but couldnrsquot enforce them
bull 1936 Germans invaded the Rhineland (demilitarized no manrsquos land protecting France from Germany)
ndash France and Britain turn a blinds eye
ndash WHY
1935 US Passes Neutrality Acts
bull Neutrality Acts ndash US will not do the
following with
countries at war bull Sell arms
bull Loan money
bull Have Americans
travel on their ships
(why)
1936 The Axis of ldquoEvilrdquo
bull Germany Italy and
Japan form an
alliance to ldquoend
communismrdquo ndash Really an
agreement to NOT
stop each other
from expanding
1936 Spain falls to Fascist Franco with Nazi Germany‟s help
bull Germany bombs Guernica Spain as a dress rehearsal for their new war planes- 1600 innocent civilians were killed
A neutral Europe
bull On your map choose a color for countries that remained as neutral as humanly possible in this case Color and label the following (Good practice for the Map Quiz tomorrow) ndash Switzerland ndash Sweden ndash Republic of Ireland ndash Portugal ndash Spain
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Germany
ndash Italy
ndash Northern Africa
German Expansion
bull What were Hitlerrsquos goals ndash Unite Germans
everywhere ndash Create more living
space bull 1st Move 1938 Annex
Austria his birthplace (easily fell Europe did nothing)
bull 2nd Move 1938 Demand the annexation of the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia which was home to mostly Germans
ndash Munich Conference-Germany ldquopromisedrdquo to not invade any more land so Britain and France persuaded Czechs to surrender the territory
bull Soon to be Prime Minister of Great Britain (1940) Winston Churchill said of the decision ndash ldquoThey had to
chose between war or dishonor They chose dishonor they will have warrdquo
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Austria
ndash Czechoslovakia (Find Czech Republic and
Slovakia) Color them both in
Assignment bull Create your own political cartoon that
expresses the effects of Appeasement and Neutrality upon Europe ndash Create a Catchy Title and Write it on the Top
line in Marker ndash Draw the Picture in the box and COLOR and or
use BLACK MARKER to outline any pencil markshellipyou will not be graded on your drawing ability but you will be graded on your creativity use of historical information neatness overall effort and your ability to stay on task
ndash Sign the bottom
Nazi-Soviet Pact 1939
bull August nonaggression pact between Germany and Soviet Union signed ndash Would not fight if the
other went to war ndash Divide Poland and
Eastern Europe between them bull Soviets reason Gain
territory and time to build arms
bull Germany free to take Poland avoid a two front war (why)
The Poland Promise
bull Hitler didnrsquot stop at the Sudetenland and took more and more of Czechoslovakia
bull Britain and France accepted the failure of appeasement and promised to protect Poland Germany obvious next move ndash September 1939 Nazirsquos invade
Poland and Britain and France honor their agreement declaring war on Germany
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries that are Axis Controlled Color and label the following ndash Poland ndash Yugoslavia (Find Serbia color it all in) ndash Romania ndash Hungary ndash Bulgaria ndash Greece ndash Albania
THE BEGINNINGS OF WWII EARLY AXIS ACHIEVEMENTS
Nazi Blitzkrieg
bull Blitzkrieg ldquoLightning Warrdquo ndash German strategy to
do a series of quick constant attacks to keep the enemy from easily responding bull Easily took Norway
Denmark Netherlands Belgium sites set on France
The Fall of France
bull British troops were evacuated bull German Attacked from the
North bull Italy from the South bull Outnumbered and
demoralized France Falls ndash June 1940 forced to
surrender in the same place Germany was forced to sign the Treaty of Versailles
ndash French officers including Charles de Gaulle escaped to Britain to plan liberation
ndash French continued guerrilla warfare against the Axis powers
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Denmark
ndash Norway
ndash Netherlands
ndash Belgium
ndash France
Operation Sea Lion
bull Battle of Britain-Failure of the Blitz ndash Winston Churchill ldquoWe
shall never surrenderrdquo ndash August 1940 first bombs
by German plains bull 57 Day campaign of
bombing London bull People defiantly
continued their lives 15000 people lost their lives Parliament still met King and Queen went to bomb shelters with citizens
ndash May 1941 Hitler calls it a failure and calls a new strategy
Operation Barbarossa History Repeats itself
bull June 1941 Turned sites on Soviet Union ndash Caught Stalin off guard
leading to the death of 2 frac12 million soldiers in 6 months (Why) bull Nazi-Soviet Pact bull Many top officers assassinated
during Stalinrsquos purge ndash Soviets turned to burning
crops and animals destroying cities to avoid Germans taking them bull Called bull Scorched Earth Policy bull So also like Napoleon what
happens when winter comes
Siege of Leningrad lasts 2 frac12 years bull Millions die of hunger Britain reemerges to help
Soviets with creating a 2 Front War on Germany
US‟s 1941 1 Sided Neutrality
bull Lend-Lease Act FDR can lend war materials to any country whose defense the president thinks is vital to keeping the US safe ndash ldquoArsenal of democracyrdquo lend arms to those fighting for freedom ndash Meaning who in this war
bull Atlantic Charter secret meeting between Churchill and FDR- destroy Nazis people right to chose how they are governed
ldquoA Date which will remain in infamyrdquo
bull Japan is creating a growing Pacific Empire
bull Under Atlantic Charter US stops providing war materials to JapanhellipWhy
bull Japan mad-General Tojo orders attacks on American Military Fleet in Pearl Harbor
bull December 7 1941 declares war on Japan
bull December 11 rest of Axis powers declare war on US
bull Beginning of 1942-Axis powers at their height of control
EUROPEAN SUCCESS
Distrustful Allies
bull Stalin Churchill and FDR distrust each other ndash Stalin fearful Churchill
and FDR deliberately delaying the beginning of Western Front war to weaken Communism
ndash Roosevelt leery Churchill will want to expand British Imperial power
The Side Effects of Total War
bull Allies began Total War (meaning) ndash Men drafted to war ndash Propaganda
bull Posters news broadcasts everything showed the evils of Japanese and Germans Rosie the Riveter pics urged women into factories
ndash Effects ndash Women urged to do their part by
kicking off their dresses and working in factories building war materials
ndash Rationing of food and war materials ndash 1942 Japanese Americans lost their jobs
property and rights by being interned in camps because of fear they were loyal to Japan
bull Began attack in Northern Africa ndash Forced surrender of
Axis army in Northern Africa in May 1943
ndash Staging ground for invasion of Italy
bull Invaded Italy in July 1943
bull Defeated Mussolini by August 1943 ndash Mussolini overthrown
bull Germany weakened by having to fight Allies in Italy to save Mussolini
Northern Africa to Italy
Aug 1942 Battle of Stalingrad
bull 1942 Hitler still stalled outside Leningrad switch to oil rich Stalingrad in the South ndash Germans surrounded
city ndash Soviets from North
surrounded Germans ndash Fought street by street
house by house bull Early 1943 Germans
surrendered and were pushed out of USSR by Aug 1944
D-Day
bull 1944 US General Eisenhower prepared to open second European Front ndash Bombed German factories
cities and aircraft to weaken army
bull June 6 1944 Paratroopers dropped into France at dawn soldiers stormed the beaches of Normandy France others entered through Italy French resisted from inside Paris
bull All of France free by September 1944
Hitler‟s Last Stand
bull Battle of the Bulge Dec 1944- Battle in Ardennes Mts Of Belgium ndash Offensive by Germans to
split the Allied army in half ndash Initially successful but
Allies prevailed pushing into Germany bull April 1945 Americans meet
Soviets at Elbe River bull Mussolini assassinated Hitler
committed suicide and European conflict officially over on VE Day May 8 1945 (Victory in Europe)
WAR IN THE PACIFIC
Bataan Death March
bull May 1942 Japan takes
control of US Phillipines ndash Forced 75000 American
soldiers and Filipino
civilians on a 68 mile
march to remove the
enemy forces from areas
around their next area of
attack bull Starved beaten tortured
murdered
Island Hopping Campaign bull General McArthur
successful at The Battle of Midway in June 1942 ndash Began hopping from
Island to Island retaking Japanese controlled lands
bull British fighting in Burma and Malaya staged from which colony ndash McArthur had vowed to
return to help Philippines Oct 1944 kept promise
Gloom in the Pacific
bull 1945 war in Europe over
all resources into Pacific
but Japan still strong and ndash Japanese began Kamikaze
missions (which are)
ndash Japanese fought to the
death rather than surrender
at Iwo Jima and Okinawa
bull Success seemed far way
The Allies Choice
bull Planned an invasion of Japan but fearful of Allied casualties
bull July 1945 International group of scientists completed the Manhattan Project successfully testing an atomic bomb in what State
bull President Harry Truman (what happened to FDR) gives Emperor Hirohito an ultimatum surrender or face ldquoutter and complete destructionrdquo-Japan ignores
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
bull August 6 1945-Atomic bomb instantly kills 70000 Japanese citizens Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 8 1945-Soviets declare war and invade Manchuria Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 9 1945-US bomb Nagasaki- atomic bomb instantly kills 40000 Japanese
bull August 10th Hirohito forces Japanese military to surrender officially ending the war in September
Atomic Bomb Debate
bull Should the US have dropped the bombs
Why or Why not ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against the use
of atomic bombs to end WWII
ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against keeping
or destroying all atomic bombs now
Effects of the War
bull Mass Casualties ndash 75 million people total
bull 22 million in the Soviet Union alone (most)
bull Nuremberg Trials ndash Axis powers tried for
Crimes against humanity bull 142 Germans and
Austrians (many Nazi leaders) tried and sentenced to death for their associations with the Holocaust
bull Similar trials in Japan for what actions
ndash Served to show military could be held responsible for their actions exposed the horrors of fascists and dictators hoping to secure a place for democracy
Holocaust Facts
bull 6 million Jews 4 million more gypsies Slavic peoples homosexuals or physically handicapped systematically killed
bull Millions more enslaved in work camps used for medical experiments
bull Jews and others fought back ndash Destroyed gas
chambers ndash Hid Jewish people ndash Denmark and Bulgaria
managed to save almost their entire Jewish population
Denmark‟s Jews
bull Niels Bohr (Danish physicist contracted to work on The Manhattan Project in US) snuck out of Denmark to Neutral Sweden for safe passage to US when arrived in Sweden refused to leave to the US until they agreed to offer asylum to all the Danish Jews All Jews were quietly snuck out of Denmark with the help of the failing Danish government and ordinary citizens who had been hiding them during the German occupation
United Nations
bull April 1945 50 nations created the UN Charter in San Francisco
bull 5 permanent members of the Security Council US Britain France Soviet Union (now Russia) and China ndash Can veto the decisions of the others-all must agree in order
to take action often a weakness for the organization bull Dedicated to keeping World Peace through international
peace keeping missions ndash Work towards strengthening education preventing disease
poverty and hunger bull Relies upon local governments for coordination-often
leading to inefficiencies when the governments are the ones creating the problems
Extra Credit Assignment
bull Pretend you are President Harry Truman trying to convince the US Congress to allow the US the join the United Nations since they wanted to stay out of the League of Nations years previously Write a 12 sentence speech convincing Congress to join using what you have learned from WWII and create a propaganda poster to support your speech
bull Due the Day we return from Christmas Break-Will replace a quiz grade with a 100 if done well
Japan After the War
bull Control by Emperor Hirohito 1926 ndash Became the China of
the 19th Century (all goods made in Japan using cheap labor)
ndash Nationalism rose over the ldquoYellow Perilrdquo (which is)
ndash Military domination in the government by 1937 bull Children were taught
ldquoThe Way of the Subjectsrdquo or how they were to give total obedience to the government and emperor
Japan Invades China
bull Manchurian Incident ndash Blew up their own
Japanese railroad line in Manchuria China-blamed Chinese
ndash 1931 Japan invaded Manchuria bull Leaders of China ignore
and continue fighting each other
bull 1937 Japan Bombs major cities such as Beijing
bull Rape of Nanjing ndash Japanese enter city killing
hundreds of thousands brutalizing thousands more (video)
THE COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE WARS 4 ITALY
Effects of WWI on Italy
bull Disappointed Why ndash Nationalism soared
bull Veterans and peasants in
economic ruin
bull Constant uprising and
need for strong control
Fascism bull Lead to the creation of
the Fascist Party by Benito Mussolini ndash Based on fasces
(sticks wrapped around an axe) the Roman symbol of authority
ndash Goal to create a non communist authoritarian government bull Glorifying action
violence discipline and absolute blind obedience to the state
bull Antidemocratic rejecting reason and equality
bull Echoed Expansion under idea of Social Darwinism (which is)
Mussolini‟s Italy
bull Given the Prime Minister position by King to avoid conflict
bull 1925 Seized more power called Il Duce (eel doochay) ndash Censorship ndash Secret Police ndash Corrupt elections given Fascist
leaders control bull Fascist party members
(individually) controlled business not the government
bull Men called to ruthless military duty
bull Women called to motherhood bull Strict military style education
glorifying Rome and Italy
THE COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE WARS 5 GERMANY
Review Effects of the Treaty of Versailles
bull In 1919 created a democratic Weimar Republic
bull Who was blamed for WWI bull What did they have to pay
ndash Reparations killing economy bull What important economic areas did
they lose ndash Coal rich industrial towns no longer in
their control bull Answer to economic problem Print
More Money Why is this a problem ndash Principle of Supply and Demand-Supply
high value lessons ndash Leads to massive inflation
bull Look for scapegoats-some blamed the Jewish people (why)
Dawes Plan bull World Rallied to
help Weimer Republic ndash France
withdrew from Coal rich Ruhr Valley
ndash US France and Britain lower reparations payments
bull Recovered but then killed again by Great Depression
Rise of Adolf Hitler
bull 1920 National Socialist German Workers party created (Nazirsquos-not socialists at all) ndash NOT SOCIALIST-
FACIST (what is this)
bull Urged Germans all over the world to unite and expand
bull Demanded Germany needed a strong leader or Fuhrer
Mein Kampf bull Published Mein Kampf
ldquoMy Strugglerdquo 1925 ndash Outlines Nazi ideology
and goals bull Extreme Nationalism bull Superiority of the Germans
Throw off the chains of the Treaty of Versailles and create a world dominated by the superior German Aryan Race
bull Anti-Semitism (what is it) ndashBelief Jews were conspiring to overthrow the government states that the gassing of thousands of Jews would mean that the sacrifice of millions of soldiers will not be in vain
Hitler‟s Democratic Take-over bull What 2 main circumstances in Germany played into Hitlerrsquos rise
bull Promised to end reparations create jobs and arm Germany for the
future
bull Nazis gained more and more legislative seats
bull By the democratic process Hitler elected Chancellor (leader) in 1933
bull Took 1 year to suspend civil rights and disbanded all opposing
political parties executing any party members he believed were
disloyal (speech)
Hitler‟s Third Reich
bull Why the Third Reich bull Totalitarianism
ndash Power by what means bull Economic
ndash Public Works programs (which are) bull Highways trains housing bull Rebuilt industry through arms
development bull Employment soaredhellipthe people
cheered
bull Social Policy ndash Hitler Youth indoctrinated with
racism and absolute loyalty ndash Censorship toward pure German
Society (burned books propaganda) ndash Pure Aryan women rewarded for
having babies turned away from universities and upper level positions
Cultural Purge
bull Churches Close ndash Hitler Christianity
ldquoweakrdquo ndash All Protestant
faiths combined into a state church indoctrinating Aryan superiority
ndash Some Catholic churches closed if spoke out against Nazi regime
Nuremberg Laws 1935
bull Laws stated Jewish people could NOT
bull Marry non Jews
bull Attend or teach in German
schools
bull Hold Government positions
bull Practice Law or Medicine
bull Publish Books
bull Urged the unprovoked
beatings of Jewish people in public ndash Effect many German Jews like Albert Einstein fled
Night of the Broken Glass ldquoKristallnachtrdquo
bull November 7 1938 a young Jew who had watched his parents be mistreated in Germany shot a German diplomat in Paris ndash From article Specifically
why was Grynszpan mad ndash Goebbels and Hitler want
who to rise up and attack the Jewish people Did this happen Who did
bull Hitler reacted by attacking Jewish communities (called) ndash Destroyed buildings burned
synagogues and dragged Jewish people into the street for public beatings
World Reaction
bull World swiftly and negatively reacted to The Night of the Broken Glass
bull Hitlerrsquos response ndash Make the Jewish people
pay for the damage ndash Increase his campaign by
forcing them into concentration camps (what are these)
ndash Began plotting his ldquofinal solutionrdquo (which was)
ldquoWork makes one Freerdquo
bull ldquoThe Nazis came first for the Communists But I wasnrsquot Communist so I didnrsquot speak up Then they came for the Jews but I wasnrsquot a Jew so I didnrsquot speak uphellipThen they came for the unionists but I was a Protestant so I didnrsquot speak up Then they came for me By that time there was no one left to speak uprdquo ndash Lutheran Minister Martin Niemoller
bull What lesson can be learned from this
Critical Thinking
bull Find 6 similarities between the Totalitarian
States of the USSR Italy and Germany
APPEASING THE ENEMY
Policy of Appeasement 1936 bull Appeasement Giving
into the demands of aggressors in order to keep peace ndash West did everything from
weak sanctions to ignoring aggressive behavior to avoid War bull Italy invaded Ethiopia
1935 ndash League of Nations (whorsquos
involved) passed economic sanctions but couldnrsquot enforce them
bull 1936 Germans invaded the Rhineland (demilitarized no manrsquos land protecting France from Germany)
ndash France and Britain turn a blinds eye
ndash WHY
1935 US Passes Neutrality Acts
bull Neutrality Acts ndash US will not do the
following with
countries at war bull Sell arms
bull Loan money
bull Have Americans
travel on their ships
(why)
1936 The Axis of ldquoEvilrdquo
bull Germany Italy and
Japan form an
alliance to ldquoend
communismrdquo ndash Really an
agreement to NOT
stop each other
from expanding
1936 Spain falls to Fascist Franco with Nazi Germany‟s help
bull Germany bombs Guernica Spain as a dress rehearsal for their new war planes- 1600 innocent civilians were killed
A neutral Europe
bull On your map choose a color for countries that remained as neutral as humanly possible in this case Color and label the following (Good practice for the Map Quiz tomorrow) ndash Switzerland ndash Sweden ndash Republic of Ireland ndash Portugal ndash Spain
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Germany
ndash Italy
ndash Northern Africa
German Expansion
bull What were Hitlerrsquos goals ndash Unite Germans
everywhere ndash Create more living
space bull 1st Move 1938 Annex
Austria his birthplace (easily fell Europe did nothing)
bull 2nd Move 1938 Demand the annexation of the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia which was home to mostly Germans
ndash Munich Conference-Germany ldquopromisedrdquo to not invade any more land so Britain and France persuaded Czechs to surrender the territory
bull Soon to be Prime Minister of Great Britain (1940) Winston Churchill said of the decision ndash ldquoThey had to
chose between war or dishonor They chose dishonor they will have warrdquo
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Austria
ndash Czechoslovakia (Find Czech Republic and
Slovakia) Color them both in
Assignment bull Create your own political cartoon that
expresses the effects of Appeasement and Neutrality upon Europe ndash Create a Catchy Title and Write it on the Top
line in Marker ndash Draw the Picture in the box and COLOR and or
use BLACK MARKER to outline any pencil markshellipyou will not be graded on your drawing ability but you will be graded on your creativity use of historical information neatness overall effort and your ability to stay on task
ndash Sign the bottom
Nazi-Soviet Pact 1939
bull August nonaggression pact between Germany and Soviet Union signed ndash Would not fight if the
other went to war ndash Divide Poland and
Eastern Europe between them bull Soviets reason Gain
territory and time to build arms
bull Germany free to take Poland avoid a two front war (why)
The Poland Promise
bull Hitler didnrsquot stop at the Sudetenland and took more and more of Czechoslovakia
bull Britain and France accepted the failure of appeasement and promised to protect Poland Germany obvious next move ndash September 1939 Nazirsquos invade
Poland and Britain and France honor their agreement declaring war on Germany
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries that are Axis Controlled Color and label the following ndash Poland ndash Yugoslavia (Find Serbia color it all in) ndash Romania ndash Hungary ndash Bulgaria ndash Greece ndash Albania
THE BEGINNINGS OF WWII EARLY AXIS ACHIEVEMENTS
Nazi Blitzkrieg
bull Blitzkrieg ldquoLightning Warrdquo ndash German strategy to
do a series of quick constant attacks to keep the enemy from easily responding bull Easily took Norway
Denmark Netherlands Belgium sites set on France
The Fall of France
bull British troops were evacuated bull German Attacked from the
North bull Italy from the South bull Outnumbered and
demoralized France Falls ndash June 1940 forced to
surrender in the same place Germany was forced to sign the Treaty of Versailles
ndash French officers including Charles de Gaulle escaped to Britain to plan liberation
ndash French continued guerrilla warfare against the Axis powers
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Denmark
ndash Norway
ndash Netherlands
ndash Belgium
ndash France
Operation Sea Lion
bull Battle of Britain-Failure of the Blitz ndash Winston Churchill ldquoWe
shall never surrenderrdquo ndash August 1940 first bombs
by German plains bull 57 Day campaign of
bombing London bull People defiantly
continued their lives 15000 people lost their lives Parliament still met King and Queen went to bomb shelters with citizens
ndash May 1941 Hitler calls it a failure and calls a new strategy
Operation Barbarossa History Repeats itself
bull June 1941 Turned sites on Soviet Union ndash Caught Stalin off guard
leading to the death of 2 frac12 million soldiers in 6 months (Why) bull Nazi-Soviet Pact bull Many top officers assassinated
during Stalinrsquos purge ndash Soviets turned to burning
crops and animals destroying cities to avoid Germans taking them bull Called bull Scorched Earth Policy bull So also like Napoleon what
happens when winter comes
Siege of Leningrad lasts 2 frac12 years bull Millions die of hunger Britain reemerges to help
Soviets with creating a 2 Front War on Germany
US‟s 1941 1 Sided Neutrality
bull Lend-Lease Act FDR can lend war materials to any country whose defense the president thinks is vital to keeping the US safe ndash ldquoArsenal of democracyrdquo lend arms to those fighting for freedom ndash Meaning who in this war
bull Atlantic Charter secret meeting between Churchill and FDR- destroy Nazis people right to chose how they are governed
ldquoA Date which will remain in infamyrdquo
bull Japan is creating a growing Pacific Empire
bull Under Atlantic Charter US stops providing war materials to JapanhellipWhy
bull Japan mad-General Tojo orders attacks on American Military Fleet in Pearl Harbor
bull December 7 1941 declares war on Japan
bull December 11 rest of Axis powers declare war on US
bull Beginning of 1942-Axis powers at their height of control
EUROPEAN SUCCESS
Distrustful Allies
bull Stalin Churchill and FDR distrust each other ndash Stalin fearful Churchill
and FDR deliberately delaying the beginning of Western Front war to weaken Communism
ndash Roosevelt leery Churchill will want to expand British Imperial power
The Side Effects of Total War
bull Allies began Total War (meaning) ndash Men drafted to war ndash Propaganda
bull Posters news broadcasts everything showed the evils of Japanese and Germans Rosie the Riveter pics urged women into factories
ndash Effects ndash Women urged to do their part by
kicking off their dresses and working in factories building war materials
ndash Rationing of food and war materials ndash 1942 Japanese Americans lost their jobs
property and rights by being interned in camps because of fear they were loyal to Japan
bull Began attack in Northern Africa ndash Forced surrender of
Axis army in Northern Africa in May 1943
ndash Staging ground for invasion of Italy
bull Invaded Italy in July 1943
bull Defeated Mussolini by August 1943 ndash Mussolini overthrown
bull Germany weakened by having to fight Allies in Italy to save Mussolini
Northern Africa to Italy
Aug 1942 Battle of Stalingrad
bull 1942 Hitler still stalled outside Leningrad switch to oil rich Stalingrad in the South ndash Germans surrounded
city ndash Soviets from North
surrounded Germans ndash Fought street by street
house by house bull Early 1943 Germans
surrendered and were pushed out of USSR by Aug 1944
D-Day
bull 1944 US General Eisenhower prepared to open second European Front ndash Bombed German factories
cities and aircraft to weaken army
bull June 6 1944 Paratroopers dropped into France at dawn soldiers stormed the beaches of Normandy France others entered through Italy French resisted from inside Paris
bull All of France free by September 1944
Hitler‟s Last Stand
bull Battle of the Bulge Dec 1944- Battle in Ardennes Mts Of Belgium ndash Offensive by Germans to
split the Allied army in half ndash Initially successful but
Allies prevailed pushing into Germany bull April 1945 Americans meet
Soviets at Elbe River bull Mussolini assassinated Hitler
committed suicide and European conflict officially over on VE Day May 8 1945 (Victory in Europe)
WAR IN THE PACIFIC
Bataan Death March
bull May 1942 Japan takes
control of US Phillipines ndash Forced 75000 American
soldiers and Filipino
civilians on a 68 mile
march to remove the
enemy forces from areas
around their next area of
attack bull Starved beaten tortured
murdered
Island Hopping Campaign bull General McArthur
successful at The Battle of Midway in June 1942 ndash Began hopping from
Island to Island retaking Japanese controlled lands
bull British fighting in Burma and Malaya staged from which colony ndash McArthur had vowed to
return to help Philippines Oct 1944 kept promise
Gloom in the Pacific
bull 1945 war in Europe over
all resources into Pacific
but Japan still strong and ndash Japanese began Kamikaze
missions (which are)
ndash Japanese fought to the
death rather than surrender
at Iwo Jima and Okinawa
bull Success seemed far way
The Allies Choice
bull Planned an invasion of Japan but fearful of Allied casualties
bull July 1945 International group of scientists completed the Manhattan Project successfully testing an atomic bomb in what State
bull President Harry Truman (what happened to FDR) gives Emperor Hirohito an ultimatum surrender or face ldquoutter and complete destructionrdquo-Japan ignores
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
bull August 6 1945-Atomic bomb instantly kills 70000 Japanese citizens Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 8 1945-Soviets declare war and invade Manchuria Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 9 1945-US bomb Nagasaki- atomic bomb instantly kills 40000 Japanese
bull August 10th Hirohito forces Japanese military to surrender officially ending the war in September
Atomic Bomb Debate
bull Should the US have dropped the bombs
Why or Why not ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against the use
of atomic bombs to end WWII
ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against keeping
or destroying all atomic bombs now
Effects of the War
bull Mass Casualties ndash 75 million people total
bull 22 million in the Soviet Union alone (most)
bull Nuremberg Trials ndash Axis powers tried for
Crimes against humanity bull 142 Germans and
Austrians (many Nazi leaders) tried and sentenced to death for their associations with the Holocaust
bull Similar trials in Japan for what actions
ndash Served to show military could be held responsible for their actions exposed the horrors of fascists and dictators hoping to secure a place for democracy
Holocaust Facts
bull 6 million Jews 4 million more gypsies Slavic peoples homosexuals or physically handicapped systematically killed
bull Millions more enslaved in work camps used for medical experiments
bull Jews and others fought back ndash Destroyed gas
chambers ndash Hid Jewish people ndash Denmark and Bulgaria
managed to save almost their entire Jewish population
Denmark‟s Jews
bull Niels Bohr (Danish physicist contracted to work on The Manhattan Project in US) snuck out of Denmark to Neutral Sweden for safe passage to US when arrived in Sweden refused to leave to the US until they agreed to offer asylum to all the Danish Jews All Jews were quietly snuck out of Denmark with the help of the failing Danish government and ordinary citizens who had been hiding them during the German occupation
United Nations
bull April 1945 50 nations created the UN Charter in San Francisco
bull 5 permanent members of the Security Council US Britain France Soviet Union (now Russia) and China ndash Can veto the decisions of the others-all must agree in order
to take action often a weakness for the organization bull Dedicated to keeping World Peace through international
peace keeping missions ndash Work towards strengthening education preventing disease
poverty and hunger bull Relies upon local governments for coordination-often
leading to inefficiencies when the governments are the ones creating the problems
Extra Credit Assignment
bull Pretend you are President Harry Truman trying to convince the US Congress to allow the US the join the United Nations since they wanted to stay out of the League of Nations years previously Write a 12 sentence speech convincing Congress to join using what you have learned from WWII and create a propaganda poster to support your speech
bull Due the Day we return from Christmas Break-Will replace a quiz grade with a 100 if done well
Japan Invades China
bull Manchurian Incident ndash Blew up their own
Japanese railroad line in Manchuria China-blamed Chinese
ndash 1931 Japan invaded Manchuria bull Leaders of China ignore
and continue fighting each other
bull 1937 Japan Bombs major cities such as Beijing
bull Rape of Nanjing ndash Japanese enter city killing
hundreds of thousands brutalizing thousands more (video)
THE COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE WARS 4 ITALY
Effects of WWI on Italy
bull Disappointed Why ndash Nationalism soared
bull Veterans and peasants in
economic ruin
bull Constant uprising and
need for strong control
Fascism bull Lead to the creation of
the Fascist Party by Benito Mussolini ndash Based on fasces
(sticks wrapped around an axe) the Roman symbol of authority
ndash Goal to create a non communist authoritarian government bull Glorifying action
violence discipline and absolute blind obedience to the state
bull Antidemocratic rejecting reason and equality
bull Echoed Expansion under idea of Social Darwinism (which is)
Mussolini‟s Italy
bull Given the Prime Minister position by King to avoid conflict
bull 1925 Seized more power called Il Duce (eel doochay) ndash Censorship ndash Secret Police ndash Corrupt elections given Fascist
leaders control bull Fascist party members
(individually) controlled business not the government
bull Men called to ruthless military duty
bull Women called to motherhood bull Strict military style education
glorifying Rome and Italy
THE COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE WARS 5 GERMANY
Review Effects of the Treaty of Versailles
bull In 1919 created a democratic Weimar Republic
bull Who was blamed for WWI bull What did they have to pay
ndash Reparations killing economy bull What important economic areas did
they lose ndash Coal rich industrial towns no longer in
their control bull Answer to economic problem Print
More Money Why is this a problem ndash Principle of Supply and Demand-Supply
high value lessons ndash Leads to massive inflation
bull Look for scapegoats-some blamed the Jewish people (why)
Dawes Plan bull World Rallied to
help Weimer Republic ndash France
withdrew from Coal rich Ruhr Valley
ndash US France and Britain lower reparations payments
bull Recovered but then killed again by Great Depression
Rise of Adolf Hitler
bull 1920 National Socialist German Workers party created (Nazirsquos-not socialists at all) ndash NOT SOCIALIST-
FACIST (what is this)
bull Urged Germans all over the world to unite and expand
bull Demanded Germany needed a strong leader or Fuhrer
Mein Kampf bull Published Mein Kampf
ldquoMy Strugglerdquo 1925 ndash Outlines Nazi ideology
and goals bull Extreme Nationalism bull Superiority of the Germans
Throw off the chains of the Treaty of Versailles and create a world dominated by the superior German Aryan Race
bull Anti-Semitism (what is it) ndashBelief Jews were conspiring to overthrow the government states that the gassing of thousands of Jews would mean that the sacrifice of millions of soldiers will not be in vain
Hitler‟s Democratic Take-over bull What 2 main circumstances in Germany played into Hitlerrsquos rise
bull Promised to end reparations create jobs and arm Germany for the
future
bull Nazis gained more and more legislative seats
bull By the democratic process Hitler elected Chancellor (leader) in 1933
bull Took 1 year to suspend civil rights and disbanded all opposing
political parties executing any party members he believed were
disloyal (speech)
Hitler‟s Third Reich
bull Why the Third Reich bull Totalitarianism
ndash Power by what means bull Economic
ndash Public Works programs (which are) bull Highways trains housing bull Rebuilt industry through arms
development bull Employment soaredhellipthe people
cheered
bull Social Policy ndash Hitler Youth indoctrinated with
racism and absolute loyalty ndash Censorship toward pure German
Society (burned books propaganda) ndash Pure Aryan women rewarded for
having babies turned away from universities and upper level positions
Cultural Purge
bull Churches Close ndash Hitler Christianity
ldquoweakrdquo ndash All Protestant
faiths combined into a state church indoctrinating Aryan superiority
ndash Some Catholic churches closed if spoke out against Nazi regime
Nuremberg Laws 1935
bull Laws stated Jewish people could NOT
bull Marry non Jews
bull Attend or teach in German
schools
bull Hold Government positions
bull Practice Law or Medicine
bull Publish Books
bull Urged the unprovoked
beatings of Jewish people in public ndash Effect many German Jews like Albert Einstein fled
Night of the Broken Glass ldquoKristallnachtrdquo
bull November 7 1938 a young Jew who had watched his parents be mistreated in Germany shot a German diplomat in Paris ndash From article Specifically
why was Grynszpan mad ndash Goebbels and Hitler want
who to rise up and attack the Jewish people Did this happen Who did
bull Hitler reacted by attacking Jewish communities (called) ndash Destroyed buildings burned
synagogues and dragged Jewish people into the street for public beatings
World Reaction
bull World swiftly and negatively reacted to The Night of the Broken Glass
bull Hitlerrsquos response ndash Make the Jewish people
pay for the damage ndash Increase his campaign by
forcing them into concentration camps (what are these)
ndash Began plotting his ldquofinal solutionrdquo (which was)
ldquoWork makes one Freerdquo
bull ldquoThe Nazis came first for the Communists But I wasnrsquot Communist so I didnrsquot speak up Then they came for the Jews but I wasnrsquot a Jew so I didnrsquot speak uphellipThen they came for the unionists but I was a Protestant so I didnrsquot speak up Then they came for me By that time there was no one left to speak uprdquo ndash Lutheran Minister Martin Niemoller
bull What lesson can be learned from this
Critical Thinking
bull Find 6 similarities between the Totalitarian
States of the USSR Italy and Germany
APPEASING THE ENEMY
Policy of Appeasement 1936 bull Appeasement Giving
into the demands of aggressors in order to keep peace ndash West did everything from
weak sanctions to ignoring aggressive behavior to avoid War bull Italy invaded Ethiopia
1935 ndash League of Nations (whorsquos
involved) passed economic sanctions but couldnrsquot enforce them
bull 1936 Germans invaded the Rhineland (demilitarized no manrsquos land protecting France from Germany)
ndash France and Britain turn a blinds eye
ndash WHY
1935 US Passes Neutrality Acts
bull Neutrality Acts ndash US will not do the
following with
countries at war bull Sell arms
bull Loan money
bull Have Americans
travel on their ships
(why)
1936 The Axis of ldquoEvilrdquo
bull Germany Italy and
Japan form an
alliance to ldquoend
communismrdquo ndash Really an
agreement to NOT
stop each other
from expanding
1936 Spain falls to Fascist Franco with Nazi Germany‟s help
bull Germany bombs Guernica Spain as a dress rehearsal for their new war planes- 1600 innocent civilians were killed
A neutral Europe
bull On your map choose a color for countries that remained as neutral as humanly possible in this case Color and label the following (Good practice for the Map Quiz tomorrow) ndash Switzerland ndash Sweden ndash Republic of Ireland ndash Portugal ndash Spain
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Germany
ndash Italy
ndash Northern Africa
German Expansion
bull What were Hitlerrsquos goals ndash Unite Germans
everywhere ndash Create more living
space bull 1st Move 1938 Annex
Austria his birthplace (easily fell Europe did nothing)
bull 2nd Move 1938 Demand the annexation of the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia which was home to mostly Germans
ndash Munich Conference-Germany ldquopromisedrdquo to not invade any more land so Britain and France persuaded Czechs to surrender the territory
bull Soon to be Prime Minister of Great Britain (1940) Winston Churchill said of the decision ndash ldquoThey had to
chose between war or dishonor They chose dishonor they will have warrdquo
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Austria
ndash Czechoslovakia (Find Czech Republic and
Slovakia) Color them both in
Assignment bull Create your own political cartoon that
expresses the effects of Appeasement and Neutrality upon Europe ndash Create a Catchy Title and Write it on the Top
line in Marker ndash Draw the Picture in the box and COLOR and or
use BLACK MARKER to outline any pencil markshellipyou will not be graded on your drawing ability but you will be graded on your creativity use of historical information neatness overall effort and your ability to stay on task
ndash Sign the bottom
Nazi-Soviet Pact 1939
bull August nonaggression pact between Germany and Soviet Union signed ndash Would not fight if the
other went to war ndash Divide Poland and
Eastern Europe between them bull Soviets reason Gain
territory and time to build arms
bull Germany free to take Poland avoid a two front war (why)
The Poland Promise
bull Hitler didnrsquot stop at the Sudetenland and took more and more of Czechoslovakia
bull Britain and France accepted the failure of appeasement and promised to protect Poland Germany obvious next move ndash September 1939 Nazirsquos invade
Poland and Britain and France honor their agreement declaring war on Germany
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries that are Axis Controlled Color and label the following ndash Poland ndash Yugoslavia (Find Serbia color it all in) ndash Romania ndash Hungary ndash Bulgaria ndash Greece ndash Albania
THE BEGINNINGS OF WWII EARLY AXIS ACHIEVEMENTS
Nazi Blitzkrieg
bull Blitzkrieg ldquoLightning Warrdquo ndash German strategy to
do a series of quick constant attacks to keep the enemy from easily responding bull Easily took Norway
Denmark Netherlands Belgium sites set on France
The Fall of France
bull British troops were evacuated bull German Attacked from the
North bull Italy from the South bull Outnumbered and
demoralized France Falls ndash June 1940 forced to
surrender in the same place Germany was forced to sign the Treaty of Versailles
ndash French officers including Charles de Gaulle escaped to Britain to plan liberation
ndash French continued guerrilla warfare against the Axis powers
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Denmark
ndash Norway
ndash Netherlands
ndash Belgium
ndash France
Operation Sea Lion
bull Battle of Britain-Failure of the Blitz ndash Winston Churchill ldquoWe
shall never surrenderrdquo ndash August 1940 first bombs
by German plains bull 57 Day campaign of
bombing London bull People defiantly
continued their lives 15000 people lost their lives Parliament still met King and Queen went to bomb shelters with citizens
ndash May 1941 Hitler calls it a failure and calls a new strategy
Operation Barbarossa History Repeats itself
bull June 1941 Turned sites on Soviet Union ndash Caught Stalin off guard
leading to the death of 2 frac12 million soldiers in 6 months (Why) bull Nazi-Soviet Pact bull Many top officers assassinated
during Stalinrsquos purge ndash Soviets turned to burning
crops and animals destroying cities to avoid Germans taking them bull Called bull Scorched Earth Policy bull So also like Napoleon what
happens when winter comes
Siege of Leningrad lasts 2 frac12 years bull Millions die of hunger Britain reemerges to help
Soviets with creating a 2 Front War on Germany
US‟s 1941 1 Sided Neutrality
bull Lend-Lease Act FDR can lend war materials to any country whose defense the president thinks is vital to keeping the US safe ndash ldquoArsenal of democracyrdquo lend arms to those fighting for freedom ndash Meaning who in this war
bull Atlantic Charter secret meeting between Churchill and FDR- destroy Nazis people right to chose how they are governed
ldquoA Date which will remain in infamyrdquo
bull Japan is creating a growing Pacific Empire
bull Under Atlantic Charter US stops providing war materials to JapanhellipWhy
bull Japan mad-General Tojo orders attacks on American Military Fleet in Pearl Harbor
bull December 7 1941 declares war on Japan
bull December 11 rest of Axis powers declare war on US
bull Beginning of 1942-Axis powers at their height of control
EUROPEAN SUCCESS
Distrustful Allies
bull Stalin Churchill and FDR distrust each other ndash Stalin fearful Churchill
and FDR deliberately delaying the beginning of Western Front war to weaken Communism
ndash Roosevelt leery Churchill will want to expand British Imperial power
The Side Effects of Total War
bull Allies began Total War (meaning) ndash Men drafted to war ndash Propaganda
bull Posters news broadcasts everything showed the evils of Japanese and Germans Rosie the Riveter pics urged women into factories
ndash Effects ndash Women urged to do their part by
kicking off their dresses and working in factories building war materials
ndash Rationing of food and war materials ndash 1942 Japanese Americans lost their jobs
property and rights by being interned in camps because of fear they were loyal to Japan
bull Began attack in Northern Africa ndash Forced surrender of
Axis army in Northern Africa in May 1943
ndash Staging ground for invasion of Italy
bull Invaded Italy in July 1943
bull Defeated Mussolini by August 1943 ndash Mussolini overthrown
bull Germany weakened by having to fight Allies in Italy to save Mussolini
Northern Africa to Italy
Aug 1942 Battle of Stalingrad
bull 1942 Hitler still stalled outside Leningrad switch to oil rich Stalingrad in the South ndash Germans surrounded
city ndash Soviets from North
surrounded Germans ndash Fought street by street
house by house bull Early 1943 Germans
surrendered and were pushed out of USSR by Aug 1944
D-Day
bull 1944 US General Eisenhower prepared to open second European Front ndash Bombed German factories
cities and aircraft to weaken army
bull June 6 1944 Paratroopers dropped into France at dawn soldiers stormed the beaches of Normandy France others entered through Italy French resisted from inside Paris
bull All of France free by September 1944
Hitler‟s Last Stand
bull Battle of the Bulge Dec 1944- Battle in Ardennes Mts Of Belgium ndash Offensive by Germans to
split the Allied army in half ndash Initially successful but
Allies prevailed pushing into Germany bull April 1945 Americans meet
Soviets at Elbe River bull Mussolini assassinated Hitler
committed suicide and European conflict officially over on VE Day May 8 1945 (Victory in Europe)
WAR IN THE PACIFIC
Bataan Death March
bull May 1942 Japan takes
control of US Phillipines ndash Forced 75000 American
soldiers and Filipino
civilians on a 68 mile
march to remove the
enemy forces from areas
around their next area of
attack bull Starved beaten tortured
murdered
Island Hopping Campaign bull General McArthur
successful at The Battle of Midway in June 1942 ndash Began hopping from
Island to Island retaking Japanese controlled lands
bull British fighting in Burma and Malaya staged from which colony ndash McArthur had vowed to
return to help Philippines Oct 1944 kept promise
Gloom in the Pacific
bull 1945 war in Europe over
all resources into Pacific
but Japan still strong and ndash Japanese began Kamikaze
missions (which are)
ndash Japanese fought to the
death rather than surrender
at Iwo Jima and Okinawa
bull Success seemed far way
The Allies Choice
bull Planned an invasion of Japan but fearful of Allied casualties
bull July 1945 International group of scientists completed the Manhattan Project successfully testing an atomic bomb in what State
bull President Harry Truman (what happened to FDR) gives Emperor Hirohito an ultimatum surrender or face ldquoutter and complete destructionrdquo-Japan ignores
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
bull August 6 1945-Atomic bomb instantly kills 70000 Japanese citizens Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 8 1945-Soviets declare war and invade Manchuria Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 9 1945-US bomb Nagasaki- atomic bomb instantly kills 40000 Japanese
bull August 10th Hirohito forces Japanese military to surrender officially ending the war in September
Atomic Bomb Debate
bull Should the US have dropped the bombs
Why or Why not ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against the use
of atomic bombs to end WWII
ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against keeping
or destroying all atomic bombs now
Effects of the War
bull Mass Casualties ndash 75 million people total
bull 22 million in the Soviet Union alone (most)
bull Nuremberg Trials ndash Axis powers tried for
Crimes against humanity bull 142 Germans and
Austrians (many Nazi leaders) tried and sentenced to death for their associations with the Holocaust
bull Similar trials in Japan for what actions
ndash Served to show military could be held responsible for their actions exposed the horrors of fascists and dictators hoping to secure a place for democracy
Holocaust Facts
bull 6 million Jews 4 million more gypsies Slavic peoples homosexuals or physically handicapped systematically killed
bull Millions more enslaved in work camps used for medical experiments
bull Jews and others fought back ndash Destroyed gas
chambers ndash Hid Jewish people ndash Denmark and Bulgaria
managed to save almost their entire Jewish population
Denmark‟s Jews
bull Niels Bohr (Danish physicist contracted to work on The Manhattan Project in US) snuck out of Denmark to Neutral Sweden for safe passage to US when arrived in Sweden refused to leave to the US until they agreed to offer asylum to all the Danish Jews All Jews were quietly snuck out of Denmark with the help of the failing Danish government and ordinary citizens who had been hiding them during the German occupation
United Nations
bull April 1945 50 nations created the UN Charter in San Francisco
bull 5 permanent members of the Security Council US Britain France Soviet Union (now Russia) and China ndash Can veto the decisions of the others-all must agree in order
to take action often a weakness for the organization bull Dedicated to keeping World Peace through international
peace keeping missions ndash Work towards strengthening education preventing disease
poverty and hunger bull Relies upon local governments for coordination-often
leading to inefficiencies when the governments are the ones creating the problems
Extra Credit Assignment
bull Pretend you are President Harry Truman trying to convince the US Congress to allow the US the join the United Nations since they wanted to stay out of the League of Nations years previously Write a 12 sentence speech convincing Congress to join using what you have learned from WWII and create a propaganda poster to support your speech
bull Due the Day we return from Christmas Break-Will replace a quiz grade with a 100 if done well
THE COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE WARS 4 ITALY
Effects of WWI on Italy
bull Disappointed Why ndash Nationalism soared
bull Veterans and peasants in
economic ruin
bull Constant uprising and
need for strong control
Fascism bull Lead to the creation of
the Fascist Party by Benito Mussolini ndash Based on fasces
(sticks wrapped around an axe) the Roman symbol of authority
ndash Goal to create a non communist authoritarian government bull Glorifying action
violence discipline and absolute blind obedience to the state
bull Antidemocratic rejecting reason and equality
bull Echoed Expansion under idea of Social Darwinism (which is)
Mussolini‟s Italy
bull Given the Prime Minister position by King to avoid conflict
bull 1925 Seized more power called Il Duce (eel doochay) ndash Censorship ndash Secret Police ndash Corrupt elections given Fascist
leaders control bull Fascist party members
(individually) controlled business not the government
bull Men called to ruthless military duty
bull Women called to motherhood bull Strict military style education
glorifying Rome and Italy
THE COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE WARS 5 GERMANY
Review Effects of the Treaty of Versailles
bull In 1919 created a democratic Weimar Republic
bull Who was blamed for WWI bull What did they have to pay
ndash Reparations killing economy bull What important economic areas did
they lose ndash Coal rich industrial towns no longer in
their control bull Answer to economic problem Print
More Money Why is this a problem ndash Principle of Supply and Demand-Supply
high value lessons ndash Leads to massive inflation
bull Look for scapegoats-some blamed the Jewish people (why)
Dawes Plan bull World Rallied to
help Weimer Republic ndash France
withdrew from Coal rich Ruhr Valley
ndash US France and Britain lower reparations payments
bull Recovered but then killed again by Great Depression
Rise of Adolf Hitler
bull 1920 National Socialist German Workers party created (Nazirsquos-not socialists at all) ndash NOT SOCIALIST-
FACIST (what is this)
bull Urged Germans all over the world to unite and expand
bull Demanded Germany needed a strong leader or Fuhrer
Mein Kampf bull Published Mein Kampf
ldquoMy Strugglerdquo 1925 ndash Outlines Nazi ideology
and goals bull Extreme Nationalism bull Superiority of the Germans
Throw off the chains of the Treaty of Versailles and create a world dominated by the superior German Aryan Race
bull Anti-Semitism (what is it) ndashBelief Jews were conspiring to overthrow the government states that the gassing of thousands of Jews would mean that the sacrifice of millions of soldiers will not be in vain
Hitler‟s Democratic Take-over bull What 2 main circumstances in Germany played into Hitlerrsquos rise
bull Promised to end reparations create jobs and arm Germany for the
future
bull Nazis gained more and more legislative seats
bull By the democratic process Hitler elected Chancellor (leader) in 1933
bull Took 1 year to suspend civil rights and disbanded all opposing
political parties executing any party members he believed were
disloyal (speech)
Hitler‟s Third Reich
bull Why the Third Reich bull Totalitarianism
ndash Power by what means bull Economic
ndash Public Works programs (which are) bull Highways trains housing bull Rebuilt industry through arms
development bull Employment soaredhellipthe people
cheered
bull Social Policy ndash Hitler Youth indoctrinated with
racism and absolute loyalty ndash Censorship toward pure German
Society (burned books propaganda) ndash Pure Aryan women rewarded for
having babies turned away from universities and upper level positions
Cultural Purge
bull Churches Close ndash Hitler Christianity
ldquoweakrdquo ndash All Protestant
faiths combined into a state church indoctrinating Aryan superiority
ndash Some Catholic churches closed if spoke out against Nazi regime
Nuremberg Laws 1935
bull Laws stated Jewish people could NOT
bull Marry non Jews
bull Attend or teach in German
schools
bull Hold Government positions
bull Practice Law or Medicine
bull Publish Books
bull Urged the unprovoked
beatings of Jewish people in public ndash Effect many German Jews like Albert Einstein fled
Night of the Broken Glass ldquoKristallnachtrdquo
bull November 7 1938 a young Jew who had watched his parents be mistreated in Germany shot a German diplomat in Paris ndash From article Specifically
why was Grynszpan mad ndash Goebbels and Hitler want
who to rise up and attack the Jewish people Did this happen Who did
bull Hitler reacted by attacking Jewish communities (called) ndash Destroyed buildings burned
synagogues and dragged Jewish people into the street for public beatings
World Reaction
bull World swiftly and negatively reacted to The Night of the Broken Glass
bull Hitlerrsquos response ndash Make the Jewish people
pay for the damage ndash Increase his campaign by
forcing them into concentration camps (what are these)
ndash Began plotting his ldquofinal solutionrdquo (which was)
ldquoWork makes one Freerdquo
bull ldquoThe Nazis came first for the Communists But I wasnrsquot Communist so I didnrsquot speak up Then they came for the Jews but I wasnrsquot a Jew so I didnrsquot speak uphellipThen they came for the unionists but I was a Protestant so I didnrsquot speak up Then they came for me By that time there was no one left to speak uprdquo ndash Lutheran Minister Martin Niemoller
bull What lesson can be learned from this
Critical Thinking
bull Find 6 similarities between the Totalitarian
States of the USSR Italy and Germany
APPEASING THE ENEMY
Policy of Appeasement 1936 bull Appeasement Giving
into the demands of aggressors in order to keep peace ndash West did everything from
weak sanctions to ignoring aggressive behavior to avoid War bull Italy invaded Ethiopia
1935 ndash League of Nations (whorsquos
involved) passed economic sanctions but couldnrsquot enforce them
bull 1936 Germans invaded the Rhineland (demilitarized no manrsquos land protecting France from Germany)
ndash France and Britain turn a blinds eye
ndash WHY
1935 US Passes Neutrality Acts
bull Neutrality Acts ndash US will not do the
following with
countries at war bull Sell arms
bull Loan money
bull Have Americans
travel on their ships
(why)
1936 The Axis of ldquoEvilrdquo
bull Germany Italy and
Japan form an
alliance to ldquoend
communismrdquo ndash Really an
agreement to NOT
stop each other
from expanding
1936 Spain falls to Fascist Franco with Nazi Germany‟s help
bull Germany bombs Guernica Spain as a dress rehearsal for their new war planes- 1600 innocent civilians were killed
A neutral Europe
bull On your map choose a color for countries that remained as neutral as humanly possible in this case Color and label the following (Good practice for the Map Quiz tomorrow) ndash Switzerland ndash Sweden ndash Republic of Ireland ndash Portugal ndash Spain
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Germany
ndash Italy
ndash Northern Africa
German Expansion
bull What were Hitlerrsquos goals ndash Unite Germans
everywhere ndash Create more living
space bull 1st Move 1938 Annex
Austria his birthplace (easily fell Europe did nothing)
bull 2nd Move 1938 Demand the annexation of the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia which was home to mostly Germans
ndash Munich Conference-Germany ldquopromisedrdquo to not invade any more land so Britain and France persuaded Czechs to surrender the territory
bull Soon to be Prime Minister of Great Britain (1940) Winston Churchill said of the decision ndash ldquoThey had to
chose between war or dishonor They chose dishonor they will have warrdquo
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Austria
ndash Czechoslovakia (Find Czech Republic and
Slovakia) Color them both in
Assignment bull Create your own political cartoon that
expresses the effects of Appeasement and Neutrality upon Europe ndash Create a Catchy Title and Write it on the Top
line in Marker ndash Draw the Picture in the box and COLOR and or
use BLACK MARKER to outline any pencil markshellipyou will not be graded on your drawing ability but you will be graded on your creativity use of historical information neatness overall effort and your ability to stay on task
ndash Sign the bottom
Nazi-Soviet Pact 1939
bull August nonaggression pact between Germany and Soviet Union signed ndash Would not fight if the
other went to war ndash Divide Poland and
Eastern Europe between them bull Soviets reason Gain
territory and time to build arms
bull Germany free to take Poland avoid a two front war (why)
The Poland Promise
bull Hitler didnrsquot stop at the Sudetenland and took more and more of Czechoslovakia
bull Britain and France accepted the failure of appeasement and promised to protect Poland Germany obvious next move ndash September 1939 Nazirsquos invade
Poland and Britain and France honor their agreement declaring war on Germany
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries that are Axis Controlled Color and label the following ndash Poland ndash Yugoslavia (Find Serbia color it all in) ndash Romania ndash Hungary ndash Bulgaria ndash Greece ndash Albania
THE BEGINNINGS OF WWII EARLY AXIS ACHIEVEMENTS
Nazi Blitzkrieg
bull Blitzkrieg ldquoLightning Warrdquo ndash German strategy to
do a series of quick constant attacks to keep the enemy from easily responding bull Easily took Norway
Denmark Netherlands Belgium sites set on France
The Fall of France
bull British troops were evacuated bull German Attacked from the
North bull Italy from the South bull Outnumbered and
demoralized France Falls ndash June 1940 forced to
surrender in the same place Germany was forced to sign the Treaty of Versailles
ndash French officers including Charles de Gaulle escaped to Britain to plan liberation
ndash French continued guerrilla warfare against the Axis powers
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Denmark
ndash Norway
ndash Netherlands
ndash Belgium
ndash France
Operation Sea Lion
bull Battle of Britain-Failure of the Blitz ndash Winston Churchill ldquoWe
shall never surrenderrdquo ndash August 1940 first bombs
by German plains bull 57 Day campaign of
bombing London bull People defiantly
continued their lives 15000 people lost their lives Parliament still met King and Queen went to bomb shelters with citizens
ndash May 1941 Hitler calls it a failure and calls a new strategy
Operation Barbarossa History Repeats itself
bull June 1941 Turned sites on Soviet Union ndash Caught Stalin off guard
leading to the death of 2 frac12 million soldiers in 6 months (Why) bull Nazi-Soviet Pact bull Many top officers assassinated
during Stalinrsquos purge ndash Soviets turned to burning
crops and animals destroying cities to avoid Germans taking them bull Called bull Scorched Earth Policy bull So also like Napoleon what
happens when winter comes
Siege of Leningrad lasts 2 frac12 years bull Millions die of hunger Britain reemerges to help
Soviets with creating a 2 Front War on Germany
US‟s 1941 1 Sided Neutrality
bull Lend-Lease Act FDR can lend war materials to any country whose defense the president thinks is vital to keeping the US safe ndash ldquoArsenal of democracyrdquo lend arms to those fighting for freedom ndash Meaning who in this war
bull Atlantic Charter secret meeting between Churchill and FDR- destroy Nazis people right to chose how they are governed
ldquoA Date which will remain in infamyrdquo
bull Japan is creating a growing Pacific Empire
bull Under Atlantic Charter US stops providing war materials to JapanhellipWhy
bull Japan mad-General Tojo orders attacks on American Military Fleet in Pearl Harbor
bull December 7 1941 declares war on Japan
bull December 11 rest of Axis powers declare war on US
bull Beginning of 1942-Axis powers at their height of control
EUROPEAN SUCCESS
Distrustful Allies
bull Stalin Churchill and FDR distrust each other ndash Stalin fearful Churchill
and FDR deliberately delaying the beginning of Western Front war to weaken Communism
ndash Roosevelt leery Churchill will want to expand British Imperial power
The Side Effects of Total War
bull Allies began Total War (meaning) ndash Men drafted to war ndash Propaganda
bull Posters news broadcasts everything showed the evils of Japanese and Germans Rosie the Riveter pics urged women into factories
ndash Effects ndash Women urged to do their part by
kicking off their dresses and working in factories building war materials
ndash Rationing of food and war materials ndash 1942 Japanese Americans lost their jobs
property and rights by being interned in camps because of fear they were loyal to Japan
bull Began attack in Northern Africa ndash Forced surrender of
Axis army in Northern Africa in May 1943
ndash Staging ground for invasion of Italy
bull Invaded Italy in July 1943
bull Defeated Mussolini by August 1943 ndash Mussolini overthrown
bull Germany weakened by having to fight Allies in Italy to save Mussolini
Northern Africa to Italy
Aug 1942 Battle of Stalingrad
bull 1942 Hitler still stalled outside Leningrad switch to oil rich Stalingrad in the South ndash Germans surrounded
city ndash Soviets from North
surrounded Germans ndash Fought street by street
house by house bull Early 1943 Germans
surrendered and were pushed out of USSR by Aug 1944
D-Day
bull 1944 US General Eisenhower prepared to open second European Front ndash Bombed German factories
cities and aircraft to weaken army
bull June 6 1944 Paratroopers dropped into France at dawn soldiers stormed the beaches of Normandy France others entered through Italy French resisted from inside Paris
bull All of France free by September 1944
Hitler‟s Last Stand
bull Battle of the Bulge Dec 1944- Battle in Ardennes Mts Of Belgium ndash Offensive by Germans to
split the Allied army in half ndash Initially successful but
Allies prevailed pushing into Germany bull April 1945 Americans meet
Soviets at Elbe River bull Mussolini assassinated Hitler
committed suicide and European conflict officially over on VE Day May 8 1945 (Victory in Europe)
WAR IN THE PACIFIC
Bataan Death March
bull May 1942 Japan takes
control of US Phillipines ndash Forced 75000 American
soldiers and Filipino
civilians on a 68 mile
march to remove the
enemy forces from areas
around their next area of
attack bull Starved beaten tortured
murdered
Island Hopping Campaign bull General McArthur
successful at The Battle of Midway in June 1942 ndash Began hopping from
Island to Island retaking Japanese controlled lands
bull British fighting in Burma and Malaya staged from which colony ndash McArthur had vowed to
return to help Philippines Oct 1944 kept promise
Gloom in the Pacific
bull 1945 war in Europe over
all resources into Pacific
but Japan still strong and ndash Japanese began Kamikaze
missions (which are)
ndash Japanese fought to the
death rather than surrender
at Iwo Jima and Okinawa
bull Success seemed far way
The Allies Choice
bull Planned an invasion of Japan but fearful of Allied casualties
bull July 1945 International group of scientists completed the Manhattan Project successfully testing an atomic bomb in what State
bull President Harry Truman (what happened to FDR) gives Emperor Hirohito an ultimatum surrender or face ldquoutter and complete destructionrdquo-Japan ignores
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
bull August 6 1945-Atomic bomb instantly kills 70000 Japanese citizens Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 8 1945-Soviets declare war and invade Manchuria Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 9 1945-US bomb Nagasaki- atomic bomb instantly kills 40000 Japanese
bull August 10th Hirohito forces Japanese military to surrender officially ending the war in September
Atomic Bomb Debate
bull Should the US have dropped the bombs
Why or Why not ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against the use
of atomic bombs to end WWII
ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against keeping
or destroying all atomic bombs now
Effects of the War
bull Mass Casualties ndash 75 million people total
bull 22 million in the Soviet Union alone (most)
bull Nuremberg Trials ndash Axis powers tried for
Crimes against humanity bull 142 Germans and
Austrians (many Nazi leaders) tried and sentenced to death for their associations with the Holocaust
bull Similar trials in Japan for what actions
ndash Served to show military could be held responsible for their actions exposed the horrors of fascists and dictators hoping to secure a place for democracy
Holocaust Facts
bull 6 million Jews 4 million more gypsies Slavic peoples homosexuals or physically handicapped systematically killed
bull Millions more enslaved in work camps used for medical experiments
bull Jews and others fought back ndash Destroyed gas
chambers ndash Hid Jewish people ndash Denmark and Bulgaria
managed to save almost their entire Jewish population
Denmark‟s Jews
bull Niels Bohr (Danish physicist contracted to work on The Manhattan Project in US) snuck out of Denmark to Neutral Sweden for safe passage to US when arrived in Sweden refused to leave to the US until they agreed to offer asylum to all the Danish Jews All Jews were quietly snuck out of Denmark with the help of the failing Danish government and ordinary citizens who had been hiding them during the German occupation
United Nations
bull April 1945 50 nations created the UN Charter in San Francisco
bull 5 permanent members of the Security Council US Britain France Soviet Union (now Russia) and China ndash Can veto the decisions of the others-all must agree in order
to take action often a weakness for the organization bull Dedicated to keeping World Peace through international
peace keeping missions ndash Work towards strengthening education preventing disease
poverty and hunger bull Relies upon local governments for coordination-often
leading to inefficiencies when the governments are the ones creating the problems
Extra Credit Assignment
bull Pretend you are President Harry Truman trying to convince the US Congress to allow the US the join the United Nations since they wanted to stay out of the League of Nations years previously Write a 12 sentence speech convincing Congress to join using what you have learned from WWII and create a propaganda poster to support your speech
bull Due the Day we return from Christmas Break-Will replace a quiz grade with a 100 if done well
Effects of WWI on Italy
bull Disappointed Why ndash Nationalism soared
bull Veterans and peasants in
economic ruin
bull Constant uprising and
need for strong control
Fascism bull Lead to the creation of
the Fascist Party by Benito Mussolini ndash Based on fasces
(sticks wrapped around an axe) the Roman symbol of authority
ndash Goal to create a non communist authoritarian government bull Glorifying action
violence discipline and absolute blind obedience to the state
bull Antidemocratic rejecting reason and equality
bull Echoed Expansion under idea of Social Darwinism (which is)
Mussolini‟s Italy
bull Given the Prime Minister position by King to avoid conflict
bull 1925 Seized more power called Il Duce (eel doochay) ndash Censorship ndash Secret Police ndash Corrupt elections given Fascist
leaders control bull Fascist party members
(individually) controlled business not the government
bull Men called to ruthless military duty
bull Women called to motherhood bull Strict military style education
glorifying Rome and Italy
THE COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE WARS 5 GERMANY
Review Effects of the Treaty of Versailles
bull In 1919 created a democratic Weimar Republic
bull Who was blamed for WWI bull What did they have to pay
ndash Reparations killing economy bull What important economic areas did
they lose ndash Coal rich industrial towns no longer in
their control bull Answer to economic problem Print
More Money Why is this a problem ndash Principle of Supply and Demand-Supply
high value lessons ndash Leads to massive inflation
bull Look for scapegoats-some blamed the Jewish people (why)
Dawes Plan bull World Rallied to
help Weimer Republic ndash France
withdrew from Coal rich Ruhr Valley
ndash US France and Britain lower reparations payments
bull Recovered but then killed again by Great Depression
Rise of Adolf Hitler
bull 1920 National Socialist German Workers party created (Nazirsquos-not socialists at all) ndash NOT SOCIALIST-
FACIST (what is this)
bull Urged Germans all over the world to unite and expand
bull Demanded Germany needed a strong leader or Fuhrer
Mein Kampf bull Published Mein Kampf
ldquoMy Strugglerdquo 1925 ndash Outlines Nazi ideology
and goals bull Extreme Nationalism bull Superiority of the Germans
Throw off the chains of the Treaty of Versailles and create a world dominated by the superior German Aryan Race
bull Anti-Semitism (what is it) ndashBelief Jews were conspiring to overthrow the government states that the gassing of thousands of Jews would mean that the sacrifice of millions of soldiers will not be in vain
Hitler‟s Democratic Take-over bull What 2 main circumstances in Germany played into Hitlerrsquos rise
bull Promised to end reparations create jobs and arm Germany for the
future
bull Nazis gained more and more legislative seats
bull By the democratic process Hitler elected Chancellor (leader) in 1933
bull Took 1 year to suspend civil rights and disbanded all opposing
political parties executing any party members he believed were
disloyal (speech)
Hitler‟s Third Reich
bull Why the Third Reich bull Totalitarianism
ndash Power by what means bull Economic
ndash Public Works programs (which are) bull Highways trains housing bull Rebuilt industry through arms
development bull Employment soaredhellipthe people
cheered
bull Social Policy ndash Hitler Youth indoctrinated with
racism and absolute loyalty ndash Censorship toward pure German
Society (burned books propaganda) ndash Pure Aryan women rewarded for
having babies turned away from universities and upper level positions
Cultural Purge
bull Churches Close ndash Hitler Christianity
ldquoweakrdquo ndash All Protestant
faiths combined into a state church indoctrinating Aryan superiority
ndash Some Catholic churches closed if spoke out against Nazi regime
Nuremberg Laws 1935
bull Laws stated Jewish people could NOT
bull Marry non Jews
bull Attend or teach in German
schools
bull Hold Government positions
bull Practice Law or Medicine
bull Publish Books
bull Urged the unprovoked
beatings of Jewish people in public ndash Effect many German Jews like Albert Einstein fled
Night of the Broken Glass ldquoKristallnachtrdquo
bull November 7 1938 a young Jew who had watched his parents be mistreated in Germany shot a German diplomat in Paris ndash From article Specifically
why was Grynszpan mad ndash Goebbels and Hitler want
who to rise up and attack the Jewish people Did this happen Who did
bull Hitler reacted by attacking Jewish communities (called) ndash Destroyed buildings burned
synagogues and dragged Jewish people into the street for public beatings
World Reaction
bull World swiftly and negatively reacted to The Night of the Broken Glass
bull Hitlerrsquos response ndash Make the Jewish people
pay for the damage ndash Increase his campaign by
forcing them into concentration camps (what are these)
ndash Began plotting his ldquofinal solutionrdquo (which was)
ldquoWork makes one Freerdquo
bull ldquoThe Nazis came first for the Communists But I wasnrsquot Communist so I didnrsquot speak up Then they came for the Jews but I wasnrsquot a Jew so I didnrsquot speak uphellipThen they came for the unionists but I was a Protestant so I didnrsquot speak up Then they came for me By that time there was no one left to speak uprdquo ndash Lutheran Minister Martin Niemoller
bull What lesson can be learned from this
Critical Thinking
bull Find 6 similarities between the Totalitarian
States of the USSR Italy and Germany
APPEASING THE ENEMY
Policy of Appeasement 1936 bull Appeasement Giving
into the demands of aggressors in order to keep peace ndash West did everything from
weak sanctions to ignoring aggressive behavior to avoid War bull Italy invaded Ethiopia
1935 ndash League of Nations (whorsquos
involved) passed economic sanctions but couldnrsquot enforce them
bull 1936 Germans invaded the Rhineland (demilitarized no manrsquos land protecting France from Germany)
ndash France and Britain turn a blinds eye
ndash WHY
1935 US Passes Neutrality Acts
bull Neutrality Acts ndash US will not do the
following with
countries at war bull Sell arms
bull Loan money
bull Have Americans
travel on their ships
(why)
1936 The Axis of ldquoEvilrdquo
bull Germany Italy and
Japan form an
alliance to ldquoend
communismrdquo ndash Really an
agreement to NOT
stop each other
from expanding
1936 Spain falls to Fascist Franco with Nazi Germany‟s help
bull Germany bombs Guernica Spain as a dress rehearsal for their new war planes- 1600 innocent civilians were killed
A neutral Europe
bull On your map choose a color for countries that remained as neutral as humanly possible in this case Color and label the following (Good practice for the Map Quiz tomorrow) ndash Switzerland ndash Sweden ndash Republic of Ireland ndash Portugal ndash Spain
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Germany
ndash Italy
ndash Northern Africa
German Expansion
bull What were Hitlerrsquos goals ndash Unite Germans
everywhere ndash Create more living
space bull 1st Move 1938 Annex
Austria his birthplace (easily fell Europe did nothing)
bull 2nd Move 1938 Demand the annexation of the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia which was home to mostly Germans
ndash Munich Conference-Germany ldquopromisedrdquo to not invade any more land so Britain and France persuaded Czechs to surrender the territory
bull Soon to be Prime Minister of Great Britain (1940) Winston Churchill said of the decision ndash ldquoThey had to
chose between war or dishonor They chose dishonor they will have warrdquo
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Austria
ndash Czechoslovakia (Find Czech Republic and
Slovakia) Color them both in
Assignment bull Create your own political cartoon that
expresses the effects of Appeasement and Neutrality upon Europe ndash Create a Catchy Title and Write it on the Top
line in Marker ndash Draw the Picture in the box and COLOR and or
use BLACK MARKER to outline any pencil markshellipyou will not be graded on your drawing ability but you will be graded on your creativity use of historical information neatness overall effort and your ability to stay on task
ndash Sign the bottom
Nazi-Soviet Pact 1939
bull August nonaggression pact between Germany and Soviet Union signed ndash Would not fight if the
other went to war ndash Divide Poland and
Eastern Europe between them bull Soviets reason Gain
territory and time to build arms
bull Germany free to take Poland avoid a two front war (why)
The Poland Promise
bull Hitler didnrsquot stop at the Sudetenland and took more and more of Czechoslovakia
bull Britain and France accepted the failure of appeasement and promised to protect Poland Germany obvious next move ndash September 1939 Nazirsquos invade
Poland and Britain and France honor their agreement declaring war on Germany
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries that are Axis Controlled Color and label the following ndash Poland ndash Yugoslavia (Find Serbia color it all in) ndash Romania ndash Hungary ndash Bulgaria ndash Greece ndash Albania
THE BEGINNINGS OF WWII EARLY AXIS ACHIEVEMENTS
Nazi Blitzkrieg
bull Blitzkrieg ldquoLightning Warrdquo ndash German strategy to
do a series of quick constant attacks to keep the enemy from easily responding bull Easily took Norway
Denmark Netherlands Belgium sites set on France
The Fall of France
bull British troops were evacuated bull German Attacked from the
North bull Italy from the South bull Outnumbered and
demoralized France Falls ndash June 1940 forced to
surrender in the same place Germany was forced to sign the Treaty of Versailles
ndash French officers including Charles de Gaulle escaped to Britain to plan liberation
ndash French continued guerrilla warfare against the Axis powers
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Denmark
ndash Norway
ndash Netherlands
ndash Belgium
ndash France
Operation Sea Lion
bull Battle of Britain-Failure of the Blitz ndash Winston Churchill ldquoWe
shall never surrenderrdquo ndash August 1940 first bombs
by German plains bull 57 Day campaign of
bombing London bull People defiantly
continued their lives 15000 people lost their lives Parliament still met King and Queen went to bomb shelters with citizens
ndash May 1941 Hitler calls it a failure and calls a new strategy
Operation Barbarossa History Repeats itself
bull June 1941 Turned sites on Soviet Union ndash Caught Stalin off guard
leading to the death of 2 frac12 million soldiers in 6 months (Why) bull Nazi-Soviet Pact bull Many top officers assassinated
during Stalinrsquos purge ndash Soviets turned to burning
crops and animals destroying cities to avoid Germans taking them bull Called bull Scorched Earth Policy bull So also like Napoleon what
happens when winter comes
Siege of Leningrad lasts 2 frac12 years bull Millions die of hunger Britain reemerges to help
Soviets with creating a 2 Front War on Germany
US‟s 1941 1 Sided Neutrality
bull Lend-Lease Act FDR can lend war materials to any country whose defense the president thinks is vital to keeping the US safe ndash ldquoArsenal of democracyrdquo lend arms to those fighting for freedom ndash Meaning who in this war
bull Atlantic Charter secret meeting between Churchill and FDR- destroy Nazis people right to chose how they are governed
ldquoA Date which will remain in infamyrdquo
bull Japan is creating a growing Pacific Empire
bull Under Atlantic Charter US stops providing war materials to JapanhellipWhy
bull Japan mad-General Tojo orders attacks on American Military Fleet in Pearl Harbor
bull December 7 1941 declares war on Japan
bull December 11 rest of Axis powers declare war on US
bull Beginning of 1942-Axis powers at their height of control
EUROPEAN SUCCESS
Distrustful Allies
bull Stalin Churchill and FDR distrust each other ndash Stalin fearful Churchill
and FDR deliberately delaying the beginning of Western Front war to weaken Communism
ndash Roosevelt leery Churchill will want to expand British Imperial power
The Side Effects of Total War
bull Allies began Total War (meaning) ndash Men drafted to war ndash Propaganda
bull Posters news broadcasts everything showed the evils of Japanese and Germans Rosie the Riveter pics urged women into factories
ndash Effects ndash Women urged to do their part by
kicking off their dresses and working in factories building war materials
ndash Rationing of food and war materials ndash 1942 Japanese Americans lost their jobs
property and rights by being interned in camps because of fear they were loyal to Japan
bull Began attack in Northern Africa ndash Forced surrender of
Axis army in Northern Africa in May 1943
ndash Staging ground for invasion of Italy
bull Invaded Italy in July 1943
bull Defeated Mussolini by August 1943 ndash Mussolini overthrown
bull Germany weakened by having to fight Allies in Italy to save Mussolini
Northern Africa to Italy
Aug 1942 Battle of Stalingrad
bull 1942 Hitler still stalled outside Leningrad switch to oil rich Stalingrad in the South ndash Germans surrounded
city ndash Soviets from North
surrounded Germans ndash Fought street by street
house by house bull Early 1943 Germans
surrendered and were pushed out of USSR by Aug 1944
D-Day
bull 1944 US General Eisenhower prepared to open second European Front ndash Bombed German factories
cities and aircraft to weaken army
bull June 6 1944 Paratroopers dropped into France at dawn soldiers stormed the beaches of Normandy France others entered through Italy French resisted from inside Paris
bull All of France free by September 1944
Hitler‟s Last Stand
bull Battle of the Bulge Dec 1944- Battle in Ardennes Mts Of Belgium ndash Offensive by Germans to
split the Allied army in half ndash Initially successful but
Allies prevailed pushing into Germany bull April 1945 Americans meet
Soviets at Elbe River bull Mussolini assassinated Hitler
committed suicide and European conflict officially over on VE Day May 8 1945 (Victory in Europe)
WAR IN THE PACIFIC
Bataan Death March
bull May 1942 Japan takes
control of US Phillipines ndash Forced 75000 American
soldiers and Filipino
civilians on a 68 mile
march to remove the
enemy forces from areas
around their next area of
attack bull Starved beaten tortured
murdered
Island Hopping Campaign bull General McArthur
successful at The Battle of Midway in June 1942 ndash Began hopping from
Island to Island retaking Japanese controlled lands
bull British fighting in Burma and Malaya staged from which colony ndash McArthur had vowed to
return to help Philippines Oct 1944 kept promise
Gloom in the Pacific
bull 1945 war in Europe over
all resources into Pacific
but Japan still strong and ndash Japanese began Kamikaze
missions (which are)
ndash Japanese fought to the
death rather than surrender
at Iwo Jima and Okinawa
bull Success seemed far way
The Allies Choice
bull Planned an invasion of Japan but fearful of Allied casualties
bull July 1945 International group of scientists completed the Manhattan Project successfully testing an atomic bomb in what State
bull President Harry Truman (what happened to FDR) gives Emperor Hirohito an ultimatum surrender or face ldquoutter and complete destructionrdquo-Japan ignores
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
bull August 6 1945-Atomic bomb instantly kills 70000 Japanese citizens Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 8 1945-Soviets declare war and invade Manchuria Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 9 1945-US bomb Nagasaki- atomic bomb instantly kills 40000 Japanese
bull August 10th Hirohito forces Japanese military to surrender officially ending the war in September
Atomic Bomb Debate
bull Should the US have dropped the bombs
Why or Why not ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against the use
of atomic bombs to end WWII
ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against keeping
or destroying all atomic bombs now
Effects of the War
bull Mass Casualties ndash 75 million people total
bull 22 million in the Soviet Union alone (most)
bull Nuremberg Trials ndash Axis powers tried for
Crimes against humanity bull 142 Germans and
Austrians (many Nazi leaders) tried and sentenced to death for their associations with the Holocaust
bull Similar trials in Japan for what actions
ndash Served to show military could be held responsible for their actions exposed the horrors of fascists and dictators hoping to secure a place for democracy
Holocaust Facts
bull 6 million Jews 4 million more gypsies Slavic peoples homosexuals or physically handicapped systematically killed
bull Millions more enslaved in work camps used for medical experiments
bull Jews and others fought back ndash Destroyed gas
chambers ndash Hid Jewish people ndash Denmark and Bulgaria
managed to save almost their entire Jewish population
Denmark‟s Jews
bull Niels Bohr (Danish physicist contracted to work on The Manhattan Project in US) snuck out of Denmark to Neutral Sweden for safe passage to US when arrived in Sweden refused to leave to the US until they agreed to offer asylum to all the Danish Jews All Jews were quietly snuck out of Denmark with the help of the failing Danish government and ordinary citizens who had been hiding them during the German occupation
United Nations
bull April 1945 50 nations created the UN Charter in San Francisco
bull 5 permanent members of the Security Council US Britain France Soviet Union (now Russia) and China ndash Can veto the decisions of the others-all must agree in order
to take action often a weakness for the organization bull Dedicated to keeping World Peace through international
peace keeping missions ndash Work towards strengthening education preventing disease
poverty and hunger bull Relies upon local governments for coordination-often
leading to inefficiencies when the governments are the ones creating the problems
Extra Credit Assignment
bull Pretend you are President Harry Truman trying to convince the US Congress to allow the US the join the United Nations since they wanted to stay out of the League of Nations years previously Write a 12 sentence speech convincing Congress to join using what you have learned from WWII and create a propaganda poster to support your speech
bull Due the Day we return from Christmas Break-Will replace a quiz grade with a 100 if done well
Fascism bull Lead to the creation of
the Fascist Party by Benito Mussolini ndash Based on fasces
(sticks wrapped around an axe) the Roman symbol of authority
ndash Goal to create a non communist authoritarian government bull Glorifying action
violence discipline and absolute blind obedience to the state
bull Antidemocratic rejecting reason and equality
bull Echoed Expansion under idea of Social Darwinism (which is)
Mussolini‟s Italy
bull Given the Prime Minister position by King to avoid conflict
bull 1925 Seized more power called Il Duce (eel doochay) ndash Censorship ndash Secret Police ndash Corrupt elections given Fascist
leaders control bull Fascist party members
(individually) controlled business not the government
bull Men called to ruthless military duty
bull Women called to motherhood bull Strict military style education
glorifying Rome and Italy
THE COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE WARS 5 GERMANY
Review Effects of the Treaty of Versailles
bull In 1919 created a democratic Weimar Republic
bull Who was blamed for WWI bull What did they have to pay
ndash Reparations killing economy bull What important economic areas did
they lose ndash Coal rich industrial towns no longer in
their control bull Answer to economic problem Print
More Money Why is this a problem ndash Principle of Supply and Demand-Supply
high value lessons ndash Leads to massive inflation
bull Look for scapegoats-some blamed the Jewish people (why)
Dawes Plan bull World Rallied to
help Weimer Republic ndash France
withdrew from Coal rich Ruhr Valley
ndash US France and Britain lower reparations payments
bull Recovered but then killed again by Great Depression
Rise of Adolf Hitler
bull 1920 National Socialist German Workers party created (Nazirsquos-not socialists at all) ndash NOT SOCIALIST-
FACIST (what is this)
bull Urged Germans all over the world to unite and expand
bull Demanded Germany needed a strong leader or Fuhrer
Mein Kampf bull Published Mein Kampf
ldquoMy Strugglerdquo 1925 ndash Outlines Nazi ideology
and goals bull Extreme Nationalism bull Superiority of the Germans
Throw off the chains of the Treaty of Versailles and create a world dominated by the superior German Aryan Race
bull Anti-Semitism (what is it) ndashBelief Jews were conspiring to overthrow the government states that the gassing of thousands of Jews would mean that the sacrifice of millions of soldiers will not be in vain
Hitler‟s Democratic Take-over bull What 2 main circumstances in Germany played into Hitlerrsquos rise
bull Promised to end reparations create jobs and arm Germany for the
future
bull Nazis gained more and more legislative seats
bull By the democratic process Hitler elected Chancellor (leader) in 1933
bull Took 1 year to suspend civil rights and disbanded all opposing
political parties executing any party members he believed were
disloyal (speech)
Hitler‟s Third Reich
bull Why the Third Reich bull Totalitarianism
ndash Power by what means bull Economic
ndash Public Works programs (which are) bull Highways trains housing bull Rebuilt industry through arms
development bull Employment soaredhellipthe people
cheered
bull Social Policy ndash Hitler Youth indoctrinated with
racism and absolute loyalty ndash Censorship toward pure German
Society (burned books propaganda) ndash Pure Aryan women rewarded for
having babies turned away from universities and upper level positions
Cultural Purge
bull Churches Close ndash Hitler Christianity
ldquoweakrdquo ndash All Protestant
faiths combined into a state church indoctrinating Aryan superiority
ndash Some Catholic churches closed if spoke out against Nazi regime
Nuremberg Laws 1935
bull Laws stated Jewish people could NOT
bull Marry non Jews
bull Attend or teach in German
schools
bull Hold Government positions
bull Practice Law or Medicine
bull Publish Books
bull Urged the unprovoked
beatings of Jewish people in public ndash Effect many German Jews like Albert Einstein fled
Night of the Broken Glass ldquoKristallnachtrdquo
bull November 7 1938 a young Jew who had watched his parents be mistreated in Germany shot a German diplomat in Paris ndash From article Specifically
why was Grynszpan mad ndash Goebbels and Hitler want
who to rise up and attack the Jewish people Did this happen Who did
bull Hitler reacted by attacking Jewish communities (called) ndash Destroyed buildings burned
synagogues and dragged Jewish people into the street for public beatings
World Reaction
bull World swiftly and negatively reacted to The Night of the Broken Glass
bull Hitlerrsquos response ndash Make the Jewish people
pay for the damage ndash Increase his campaign by
forcing them into concentration camps (what are these)
ndash Began plotting his ldquofinal solutionrdquo (which was)
ldquoWork makes one Freerdquo
bull ldquoThe Nazis came first for the Communists But I wasnrsquot Communist so I didnrsquot speak up Then they came for the Jews but I wasnrsquot a Jew so I didnrsquot speak uphellipThen they came for the unionists but I was a Protestant so I didnrsquot speak up Then they came for me By that time there was no one left to speak uprdquo ndash Lutheran Minister Martin Niemoller
bull What lesson can be learned from this
Critical Thinking
bull Find 6 similarities between the Totalitarian
States of the USSR Italy and Germany
APPEASING THE ENEMY
Policy of Appeasement 1936 bull Appeasement Giving
into the demands of aggressors in order to keep peace ndash West did everything from
weak sanctions to ignoring aggressive behavior to avoid War bull Italy invaded Ethiopia
1935 ndash League of Nations (whorsquos
involved) passed economic sanctions but couldnrsquot enforce them
bull 1936 Germans invaded the Rhineland (demilitarized no manrsquos land protecting France from Germany)
ndash France and Britain turn a blinds eye
ndash WHY
1935 US Passes Neutrality Acts
bull Neutrality Acts ndash US will not do the
following with
countries at war bull Sell arms
bull Loan money
bull Have Americans
travel on their ships
(why)
1936 The Axis of ldquoEvilrdquo
bull Germany Italy and
Japan form an
alliance to ldquoend
communismrdquo ndash Really an
agreement to NOT
stop each other
from expanding
1936 Spain falls to Fascist Franco with Nazi Germany‟s help
bull Germany bombs Guernica Spain as a dress rehearsal for their new war planes- 1600 innocent civilians were killed
A neutral Europe
bull On your map choose a color for countries that remained as neutral as humanly possible in this case Color and label the following (Good practice for the Map Quiz tomorrow) ndash Switzerland ndash Sweden ndash Republic of Ireland ndash Portugal ndash Spain
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Germany
ndash Italy
ndash Northern Africa
German Expansion
bull What were Hitlerrsquos goals ndash Unite Germans
everywhere ndash Create more living
space bull 1st Move 1938 Annex
Austria his birthplace (easily fell Europe did nothing)
bull 2nd Move 1938 Demand the annexation of the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia which was home to mostly Germans
ndash Munich Conference-Germany ldquopromisedrdquo to not invade any more land so Britain and France persuaded Czechs to surrender the territory
bull Soon to be Prime Minister of Great Britain (1940) Winston Churchill said of the decision ndash ldquoThey had to
chose between war or dishonor They chose dishonor they will have warrdquo
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Austria
ndash Czechoslovakia (Find Czech Republic and
Slovakia) Color them both in
Assignment bull Create your own political cartoon that
expresses the effects of Appeasement and Neutrality upon Europe ndash Create a Catchy Title and Write it on the Top
line in Marker ndash Draw the Picture in the box and COLOR and or
use BLACK MARKER to outline any pencil markshellipyou will not be graded on your drawing ability but you will be graded on your creativity use of historical information neatness overall effort and your ability to stay on task
ndash Sign the bottom
Nazi-Soviet Pact 1939
bull August nonaggression pact between Germany and Soviet Union signed ndash Would not fight if the
other went to war ndash Divide Poland and
Eastern Europe between them bull Soviets reason Gain
territory and time to build arms
bull Germany free to take Poland avoid a two front war (why)
The Poland Promise
bull Hitler didnrsquot stop at the Sudetenland and took more and more of Czechoslovakia
bull Britain and France accepted the failure of appeasement and promised to protect Poland Germany obvious next move ndash September 1939 Nazirsquos invade
Poland and Britain and France honor their agreement declaring war on Germany
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries that are Axis Controlled Color and label the following ndash Poland ndash Yugoslavia (Find Serbia color it all in) ndash Romania ndash Hungary ndash Bulgaria ndash Greece ndash Albania
THE BEGINNINGS OF WWII EARLY AXIS ACHIEVEMENTS
Nazi Blitzkrieg
bull Blitzkrieg ldquoLightning Warrdquo ndash German strategy to
do a series of quick constant attacks to keep the enemy from easily responding bull Easily took Norway
Denmark Netherlands Belgium sites set on France
The Fall of France
bull British troops were evacuated bull German Attacked from the
North bull Italy from the South bull Outnumbered and
demoralized France Falls ndash June 1940 forced to
surrender in the same place Germany was forced to sign the Treaty of Versailles
ndash French officers including Charles de Gaulle escaped to Britain to plan liberation
ndash French continued guerrilla warfare against the Axis powers
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Denmark
ndash Norway
ndash Netherlands
ndash Belgium
ndash France
Operation Sea Lion
bull Battle of Britain-Failure of the Blitz ndash Winston Churchill ldquoWe
shall never surrenderrdquo ndash August 1940 first bombs
by German plains bull 57 Day campaign of
bombing London bull People defiantly
continued their lives 15000 people lost their lives Parliament still met King and Queen went to bomb shelters with citizens
ndash May 1941 Hitler calls it a failure and calls a new strategy
Operation Barbarossa History Repeats itself
bull June 1941 Turned sites on Soviet Union ndash Caught Stalin off guard
leading to the death of 2 frac12 million soldiers in 6 months (Why) bull Nazi-Soviet Pact bull Many top officers assassinated
during Stalinrsquos purge ndash Soviets turned to burning
crops and animals destroying cities to avoid Germans taking them bull Called bull Scorched Earth Policy bull So also like Napoleon what
happens when winter comes
Siege of Leningrad lasts 2 frac12 years bull Millions die of hunger Britain reemerges to help
Soviets with creating a 2 Front War on Germany
US‟s 1941 1 Sided Neutrality
bull Lend-Lease Act FDR can lend war materials to any country whose defense the president thinks is vital to keeping the US safe ndash ldquoArsenal of democracyrdquo lend arms to those fighting for freedom ndash Meaning who in this war
bull Atlantic Charter secret meeting between Churchill and FDR- destroy Nazis people right to chose how they are governed
ldquoA Date which will remain in infamyrdquo
bull Japan is creating a growing Pacific Empire
bull Under Atlantic Charter US stops providing war materials to JapanhellipWhy
bull Japan mad-General Tojo orders attacks on American Military Fleet in Pearl Harbor
bull December 7 1941 declares war on Japan
bull December 11 rest of Axis powers declare war on US
bull Beginning of 1942-Axis powers at their height of control
EUROPEAN SUCCESS
Distrustful Allies
bull Stalin Churchill and FDR distrust each other ndash Stalin fearful Churchill
and FDR deliberately delaying the beginning of Western Front war to weaken Communism
ndash Roosevelt leery Churchill will want to expand British Imperial power
The Side Effects of Total War
bull Allies began Total War (meaning) ndash Men drafted to war ndash Propaganda
bull Posters news broadcasts everything showed the evils of Japanese and Germans Rosie the Riveter pics urged women into factories
ndash Effects ndash Women urged to do their part by
kicking off their dresses and working in factories building war materials
ndash Rationing of food and war materials ndash 1942 Japanese Americans lost their jobs
property and rights by being interned in camps because of fear they were loyal to Japan
bull Began attack in Northern Africa ndash Forced surrender of
Axis army in Northern Africa in May 1943
ndash Staging ground for invasion of Italy
bull Invaded Italy in July 1943
bull Defeated Mussolini by August 1943 ndash Mussolini overthrown
bull Germany weakened by having to fight Allies in Italy to save Mussolini
Northern Africa to Italy
Aug 1942 Battle of Stalingrad
bull 1942 Hitler still stalled outside Leningrad switch to oil rich Stalingrad in the South ndash Germans surrounded
city ndash Soviets from North
surrounded Germans ndash Fought street by street
house by house bull Early 1943 Germans
surrendered and were pushed out of USSR by Aug 1944
D-Day
bull 1944 US General Eisenhower prepared to open second European Front ndash Bombed German factories
cities and aircraft to weaken army
bull June 6 1944 Paratroopers dropped into France at dawn soldiers stormed the beaches of Normandy France others entered through Italy French resisted from inside Paris
bull All of France free by September 1944
Hitler‟s Last Stand
bull Battle of the Bulge Dec 1944- Battle in Ardennes Mts Of Belgium ndash Offensive by Germans to
split the Allied army in half ndash Initially successful but
Allies prevailed pushing into Germany bull April 1945 Americans meet
Soviets at Elbe River bull Mussolini assassinated Hitler
committed suicide and European conflict officially over on VE Day May 8 1945 (Victory in Europe)
WAR IN THE PACIFIC
Bataan Death March
bull May 1942 Japan takes
control of US Phillipines ndash Forced 75000 American
soldiers and Filipino
civilians on a 68 mile
march to remove the
enemy forces from areas
around their next area of
attack bull Starved beaten tortured
murdered
Island Hopping Campaign bull General McArthur
successful at The Battle of Midway in June 1942 ndash Began hopping from
Island to Island retaking Japanese controlled lands
bull British fighting in Burma and Malaya staged from which colony ndash McArthur had vowed to
return to help Philippines Oct 1944 kept promise
Gloom in the Pacific
bull 1945 war in Europe over
all resources into Pacific
but Japan still strong and ndash Japanese began Kamikaze
missions (which are)
ndash Japanese fought to the
death rather than surrender
at Iwo Jima and Okinawa
bull Success seemed far way
The Allies Choice
bull Planned an invasion of Japan but fearful of Allied casualties
bull July 1945 International group of scientists completed the Manhattan Project successfully testing an atomic bomb in what State
bull President Harry Truman (what happened to FDR) gives Emperor Hirohito an ultimatum surrender or face ldquoutter and complete destructionrdquo-Japan ignores
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
bull August 6 1945-Atomic bomb instantly kills 70000 Japanese citizens Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 8 1945-Soviets declare war and invade Manchuria Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 9 1945-US bomb Nagasaki- atomic bomb instantly kills 40000 Japanese
bull August 10th Hirohito forces Japanese military to surrender officially ending the war in September
Atomic Bomb Debate
bull Should the US have dropped the bombs
Why or Why not ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against the use
of atomic bombs to end WWII
ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against keeping
or destroying all atomic bombs now
Effects of the War
bull Mass Casualties ndash 75 million people total
bull 22 million in the Soviet Union alone (most)
bull Nuremberg Trials ndash Axis powers tried for
Crimes against humanity bull 142 Germans and
Austrians (many Nazi leaders) tried and sentenced to death for their associations with the Holocaust
bull Similar trials in Japan for what actions
ndash Served to show military could be held responsible for their actions exposed the horrors of fascists and dictators hoping to secure a place for democracy
Holocaust Facts
bull 6 million Jews 4 million more gypsies Slavic peoples homosexuals or physically handicapped systematically killed
bull Millions more enslaved in work camps used for medical experiments
bull Jews and others fought back ndash Destroyed gas
chambers ndash Hid Jewish people ndash Denmark and Bulgaria
managed to save almost their entire Jewish population
Denmark‟s Jews
bull Niels Bohr (Danish physicist contracted to work on The Manhattan Project in US) snuck out of Denmark to Neutral Sweden for safe passage to US when arrived in Sweden refused to leave to the US until they agreed to offer asylum to all the Danish Jews All Jews were quietly snuck out of Denmark with the help of the failing Danish government and ordinary citizens who had been hiding them during the German occupation
United Nations
bull April 1945 50 nations created the UN Charter in San Francisco
bull 5 permanent members of the Security Council US Britain France Soviet Union (now Russia) and China ndash Can veto the decisions of the others-all must agree in order
to take action often a weakness for the organization bull Dedicated to keeping World Peace through international
peace keeping missions ndash Work towards strengthening education preventing disease
poverty and hunger bull Relies upon local governments for coordination-often
leading to inefficiencies when the governments are the ones creating the problems
Extra Credit Assignment
bull Pretend you are President Harry Truman trying to convince the US Congress to allow the US the join the United Nations since they wanted to stay out of the League of Nations years previously Write a 12 sentence speech convincing Congress to join using what you have learned from WWII and create a propaganda poster to support your speech
bull Due the Day we return from Christmas Break-Will replace a quiz grade with a 100 if done well
Mussolini‟s Italy
bull Given the Prime Minister position by King to avoid conflict
bull 1925 Seized more power called Il Duce (eel doochay) ndash Censorship ndash Secret Police ndash Corrupt elections given Fascist
leaders control bull Fascist party members
(individually) controlled business not the government
bull Men called to ruthless military duty
bull Women called to motherhood bull Strict military style education
glorifying Rome and Italy
THE COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE WARS 5 GERMANY
Review Effects of the Treaty of Versailles
bull In 1919 created a democratic Weimar Republic
bull Who was blamed for WWI bull What did they have to pay
ndash Reparations killing economy bull What important economic areas did
they lose ndash Coal rich industrial towns no longer in
their control bull Answer to economic problem Print
More Money Why is this a problem ndash Principle of Supply and Demand-Supply
high value lessons ndash Leads to massive inflation
bull Look for scapegoats-some blamed the Jewish people (why)
Dawes Plan bull World Rallied to
help Weimer Republic ndash France
withdrew from Coal rich Ruhr Valley
ndash US France and Britain lower reparations payments
bull Recovered but then killed again by Great Depression
Rise of Adolf Hitler
bull 1920 National Socialist German Workers party created (Nazirsquos-not socialists at all) ndash NOT SOCIALIST-
FACIST (what is this)
bull Urged Germans all over the world to unite and expand
bull Demanded Germany needed a strong leader or Fuhrer
Mein Kampf bull Published Mein Kampf
ldquoMy Strugglerdquo 1925 ndash Outlines Nazi ideology
and goals bull Extreme Nationalism bull Superiority of the Germans
Throw off the chains of the Treaty of Versailles and create a world dominated by the superior German Aryan Race
bull Anti-Semitism (what is it) ndashBelief Jews were conspiring to overthrow the government states that the gassing of thousands of Jews would mean that the sacrifice of millions of soldiers will not be in vain
Hitler‟s Democratic Take-over bull What 2 main circumstances in Germany played into Hitlerrsquos rise
bull Promised to end reparations create jobs and arm Germany for the
future
bull Nazis gained more and more legislative seats
bull By the democratic process Hitler elected Chancellor (leader) in 1933
bull Took 1 year to suspend civil rights and disbanded all opposing
political parties executing any party members he believed were
disloyal (speech)
Hitler‟s Third Reich
bull Why the Third Reich bull Totalitarianism
ndash Power by what means bull Economic
ndash Public Works programs (which are) bull Highways trains housing bull Rebuilt industry through arms
development bull Employment soaredhellipthe people
cheered
bull Social Policy ndash Hitler Youth indoctrinated with
racism and absolute loyalty ndash Censorship toward pure German
Society (burned books propaganda) ndash Pure Aryan women rewarded for
having babies turned away from universities and upper level positions
Cultural Purge
bull Churches Close ndash Hitler Christianity
ldquoweakrdquo ndash All Protestant
faiths combined into a state church indoctrinating Aryan superiority
ndash Some Catholic churches closed if spoke out against Nazi regime
Nuremberg Laws 1935
bull Laws stated Jewish people could NOT
bull Marry non Jews
bull Attend or teach in German
schools
bull Hold Government positions
bull Practice Law or Medicine
bull Publish Books
bull Urged the unprovoked
beatings of Jewish people in public ndash Effect many German Jews like Albert Einstein fled
Night of the Broken Glass ldquoKristallnachtrdquo
bull November 7 1938 a young Jew who had watched his parents be mistreated in Germany shot a German diplomat in Paris ndash From article Specifically
why was Grynszpan mad ndash Goebbels and Hitler want
who to rise up and attack the Jewish people Did this happen Who did
bull Hitler reacted by attacking Jewish communities (called) ndash Destroyed buildings burned
synagogues and dragged Jewish people into the street for public beatings
World Reaction
bull World swiftly and negatively reacted to The Night of the Broken Glass
bull Hitlerrsquos response ndash Make the Jewish people
pay for the damage ndash Increase his campaign by
forcing them into concentration camps (what are these)
ndash Began plotting his ldquofinal solutionrdquo (which was)
ldquoWork makes one Freerdquo
bull ldquoThe Nazis came first for the Communists But I wasnrsquot Communist so I didnrsquot speak up Then they came for the Jews but I wasnrsquot a Jew so I didnrsquot speak uphellipThen they came for the unionists but I was a Protestant so I didnrsquot speak up Then they came for me By that time there was no one left to speak uprdquo ndash Lutheran Minister Martin Niemoller
bull What lesson can be learned from this
Critical Thinking
bull Find 6 similarities between the Totalitarian
States of the USSR Italy and Germany
APPEASING THE ENEMY
Policy of Appeasement 1936 bull Appeasement Giving
into the demands of aggressors in order to keep peace ndash West did everything from
weak sanctions to ignoring aggressive behavior to avoid War bull Italy invaded Ethiopia
1935 ndash League of Nations (whorsquos
involved) passed economic sanctions but couldnrsquot enforce them
bull 1936 Germans invaded the Rhineland (demilitarized no manrsquos land protecting France from Germany)
ndash France and Britain turn a blinds eye
ndash WHY
1935 US Passes Neutrality Acts
bull Neutrality Acts ndash US will not do the
following with
countries at war bull Sell arms
bull Loan money
bull Have Americans
travel on their ships
(why)
1936 The Axis of ldquoEvilrdquo
bull Germany Italy and
Japan form an
alliance to ldquoend
communismrdquo ndash Really an
agreement to NOT
stop each other
from expanding
1936 Spain falls to Fascist Franco with Nazi Germany‟s help
bull Germany bombs Guernica Spain as a dress rehearsal for their new war planes- 1600 innocent civilians were killed
A neutral Europe
bull On your map choose a color for countries that remained as neutral as humanly possible in this case Color and label the following (Good practice for the Map Quiz tomorrow) ndash Switzerland ndash Sweden ndash Republic of Ireland ndash Portugal ndash Spain
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Germany
ndash Italy
ndash Northern Africa
German Expansion
bull What were Hitlerrsquos goals ndash Unite Germans
everywhere ndash Create more living
space bull 1st Move 1938 Annex
Austria his birthplace (easily fell Europe did nothing)
bull 2nd Move 1938 Demand the annexation of the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia which was home to mostly Germans
ndash Munich Conference-Germany ldquopromisedrdquo to not invade any more land so Britain and France persuaded Czechs to surrender the territory
bull Soon to be Prime Minister of Great Britain (1940) Winston Churchill said of the decision ndash ldquoThey had to
chose between war or dishonor They chose dishonor they will have warrdquo
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Austria
ndash Czechoslovakia (Find Czech Republic and
Slovakia) Color them both in
Assignment bull Create your own political cartoon that
expresses the effects of Appeasement and Neutrality upon Europe ndash Create a Catchy Title and Write it on the Top
line in Marker ndash Draw the Picture in the box and COLOR and or
use BLACK MARKER to outline any pencil markshellipyou will not be graded on your drawing ability but you will be graded on your creativity use of historical information neatness overall effort and your ability to stay on task
ndash Sign the bottom
Nazi-Soviet Pact 1939
bull August nonaggression pact between Germany and Soviet Union signed ndash Would not fight if the
other went to war ndash Divide Poland and
Eastern Europe between them bull Soviets reason Gain
territory and time to build arms
bull Germany free to take Poland avoid a two front war (why)
The Poland Promise
bull Hitler didnrsquot stop at the Sudetenland and took more and more of Czechoslovakia
bull Britain and France accepted the failure of appeasement and promised to protect Poland Germany obvious next move ndash September 1939 Nazirsquos invade
Poland and Britain and France honor their agreement declaring war on Germany
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries that are Axis Controlled Color and label the following ndash Poland ndash Yugoslavia (Find Serbia color it all in) ndash Romania ndash Hungary ndash Bulgaria ndash Greece ndash Albania
THE BEGINNINGS OF WWII EARLY AXIS ACHIEVEMENTS
Nazi Blitzkrieg
bull Blitzkrieg ldquoLightning Warrdquo ndash German strategy to
do a series of quick constant attacks to keep the enemy from easily responding bull Easily took Norway
Denmark Netherlands Belgium sites set on France
The Fall of France
bull British troops were evacuated bull German Attacked from the
North bull Italy from the South bull Outnumbered and
demoralized France Falls ndash June 1940 forced to
surrender in the same place Germany was forced to sign the Treaty of Versailles
ndash French officers including Charles de Gaulle escaped to Britain to plan liberation
ndash French continued guerrilla warfare against the Axis powers
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Denmark
ndash Norway
ndash Netherlands
ndash Belgium
ndash France
Operation Sea Lion
bull Battle of Britain-Failure of the Blitz ndash Winston Churchill ldquoWe
shall never surrenderrdquo ndash August 1940 first bombs
by German plains bull 57 Day campaign of
bombing London bull People defiantly
continued their lives 15000 people lost their lives Parliament still met King and Queen went to bomb shelters with citizens
ndash May 1941 Hitler calls it a failure and calls a new strategy
Operation Barbarossa History Repeats itself
bull June 1941 Turned sites on Soviet Union ndash Caught Stalin off guard
leading to the death of 2 frac12 million soldiers in 6 months (Why) bull Nazi-Soviet Pact bull Many top officers assassinated
during Stalinrsquos purge ndash Soviets turned to burning
crops and animals destroying cities to avoid Germans taking them bull Called bull Scorched Earth Policy bull So also like Napoleon what
happens when winter comes
Siege of Leningrad lasts 2 frac12 years bull Millions die of hunger Britain reemerges to help
Soviets with creating a 2 Front War on Germany
US‟s 1941 1 Sided Neutrality
bull Lend-Lease Act FDR can lend war materials to any country whose defense the president thinks is vital to keeping the US safe ndash ldquoArsenal of democracyrdquo lend arms to those fighting for freedom ndash Meaning who in this war
bull Atlantic Charter secret meeting between Churchill and FDR- destroy Nazis people right to chose how they are governed
ldquoA Date which will remain in infamyrdquo
bull Japan is creating a growing Pacific Empire
bull Under Atlantic Charter US stops providing war materials to JapanhellipWhy
bull Japan mad-General Tojo orders attacks on American Military Fleet in Pearl Harbor
bull December 7 1941 declares war on Japan
bull December 11 rest of Axis powers declare war on US
bull Beginning of 1942-Axis powers at their height of control
EUROPEAN SUCCESS
Distrustful Allies
bull Stalin Churchill and FDR distrust each other ndash Stalin fearful Churchill
and FDR deliberately delaying the beginning of Western Front war to weaken Communism
ndash Roosevelt leery Churchill will want to expand British Imperial power
The Side Effects of Total War
bull Allies began Total War (meaning) ndash Men drafted to war ndash Propaganda
bull Posters news broadcasts everything showed the evils of Japanese and Germans Rosie the Riveter pics urged women into factories
ndash Effects ndash Women urged to do their part by
kicking off their dresses and working in factories building war materials
ndash Rationing of food and war materials ndash 1942 Japanese Americans lost their jobs
property and rights by being interned in camps because of fear they were loyal to Japan
bull Began attack in Northern Africa ndash Forced surrender of
Axis army in Northern Africa in May 1943
ndash Staging ground for invasion of Italy
bull Invaded Italy in July 1943
bull Defeated Mussolini by August 1943 ndash Mussolini overthrown
bull Germany weakened by having to fight Allies in Italy to save Mussolini
Northern Africa to Italy
Aug 1942 Battle of Stalingrad
bull 1942 Hitler still stalled outside Leningrad switch to oil rich Stalingrad in the South ndash Germans surrounded
city ndash Soviets from North
surrounded Germans ndash Fought street by street
house by house bull Early 1943 Germans
surrendered and were pushed out of USSR by Aug 1944
D-Day
bull 1944 US General Eisenhower prepared to open second European Front ndash Bombed German factories
cities and aircraft to weaken army
bull June 6 1944 Paratroopers dropped into France at dawn soldiers stormed the beaches of Normandy France others entered through Italy French resisted from inside Paris
bull All of France free by September 1944
Hitler‟s Last Stand
bull Battle of the Bulge Dec 1944- Battle in Ardennes Mts Of Belgium ndash Offensive by Germans to
split the Allied army in half ndash Initially successful but
Allies prevailed pushing into Germany bull April 1945 Americans meet
Soviets at Elbe River bull Mussolini assassinated Hitler
committed suicide and European conflict officially over on VE Day May 8 1945 (Victory in Europe)
WAR IN THE PACIFIC
Bataan Death March
bull May 1942 Japan takes
control of US Phillipines ndash Forced 75000 American
soldiers and Filipino
civilians on a 68 mile
march to remove the
enemy forces from areas
around their next area of
attack bull Starved beaten tortured
murdered
Island Hopping Campaign bull General McArthur
successful at The Battle of Midway in June 1942 ndash Began hopping from
Island to Island retaking Japanese controlled lands
bull British fighting in Burma and Malaya staged from which colony ndash McArthur had vowed to
return to help Philippines Oct 1944 kept promise
Gloom in the Pacific
bull 1945 war in Europe over
all resources into Pacific
but Japan still strong and ndash Japanese began Kamikaze
missions (which are)
ndash Japanese fought to the
death rather than surrender
at Iwo Jima and Okinawa
bull Success seemed far way
The Allies Choice
bull Planned an invasion of Japan but fearful of Allied casualties
bull July 1945 International group of scientists completed the Manhattan Project successfully testing an atomic bomb in what State
bull President Harry Truman (what happened to FDR) gives Emperor Hirohito an ultimatum surrender or face ldquoutter and complete destructionrdquo-Japan ignores
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
bull August 6 1945-Atomic bomb instantly kills 70000 Japanese citizens Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 8 1945-Soviets declare war and invade Manchuria Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 9 1945-US bomb Nagasaki- atomic bomb instantly kills 40000 Japanese
bull August 10th Hirohito forces Japanese military to surrender officially ending the war in September
Atomic Bomb Debate
bull Should the US have dropped the bombs
Why or Why not ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against the use
of atomic bombs to end WWII
ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against keeping
or destroying all atomic bombs now
Effects of the War
bull Mass Casualties ndash 75 million people total
bull 22 million in the Soviet Union alone (most)
bull Nuremberg Trials ndash Axis powers tried for
Crimes against humanity bull 142 Germans and
Austrians (many Nazi leaders) tried and sentenced to death for their associations with the Holocaust
bull Similar trials in Japan for what actions
ndash Served to show military could be held responsible for their actions exposed the horrors of fascists and dictators hoping to secure a place for democracy
Holocaust Facts
bull 6 million Jews 4 million more gypsies Slavic peoples homosexuals or physically handicapped systematically killed
bull Millions more enslaved in work camps used for medical experiments
bull Jews and others fought back ndash Destroyed gas
chambers ndash Hid Jewish people ndash Denmark and Bulgaria
managed to save almost their entire Jewish population
Denmark‟s Jews
bull Niels Bohr (Danish physicist contracted to work on The Manhattan Project in US) snuck out of Denmark to Neutral Sweden for safe passage to US when arrived in Sweden refused to leave to the US until they agreed to offer asylum to all the Danish Jews All Jews were quietly snuck out of Denmark with the help of the failing Danish government and ordinary citizens who had been hiding them during the German occupation
United Nations
bull April 1945 50 nations created the UN Charter in San Francisco
bull 5 permanent members of the Security Council US Britain France Soviet Union (now Russia) and China ndash Can veto the decisions of the others-all must agree in order
to take action often a weakness for the organization bull Dedicated to keeping World Peace through international
peace keeping missions ndash Work towards strengthening education preventing disease
poverty and hunger bull Relies upon local governments for coordination-often
leading to inefficiencies when the governments are the ones creating the problems
Extra Credit Assignment
bull Pretend you are President Harry Truman trying to convince the US Congress to allow the US the join the United Nations since they wanted to stay out of the League of Nations years previously Write a 12 sentence speech convincing Congress to join using what you have learned from WWII and create a propaganda poster to support your speech
bull Due the Day we return from Christmas Break-Will replace a quiz grade with a 100 if done well
THE COUNTRIES BETWEEN THE WARS 5 GERMANY
Review Effects of the Treaty of Versailles
bull In 1919 created a democratic Weimar Republic
bull Who was blamed for WWI bull What did they have to pay
ndash Reparations killing economy bull What important economic areas did
they lose ndash Coal rich industrial towns no longer in
their control bull Answer to economic problem Print
More Money Why is this a problem ndash Principle of Supply and Demand-Supply
high value lessons ndash Leads to massive inflation
bull Look for scapegoats-some blamed the Jewish people (why)
Dawes Plan bull World Rallied to
help Weimer Republic ndash France
withdrew from Coal rich Ruhr Valley
ndash US France and Britain lower reparations payments
bull Recovered but then killed again by Great Depression
Rise of Adolf Hitler
bull 1920 National Socialist German Workers party created (Nazirsquos-not socialists at all) ndash NOT SOCIALIST-
FACIST (what is this)
bull Urged Germans all over the world to unite and expand
bull Demanded Germany needed a strong leader or Fuhrer
Mein Kampf bull Published Mein Kampf
ldquoMy Strugglerdquo 1925 ndash Outlines Nazi ideology
and goals bull Extreme Nationalism bull Superiority of the Germans
Throw off the chains of the Treaty of Versailles and create a world dominated by the superior German Aryan Race
bull Anti-Semitism (what is it) ndashBelief Jews were conspiring to overthrow the government states that the gassing of thousands of Jews would mean that the sacrifice of millions of soldiers will not be in vain
Hitler‟s Democratic Take-over bull What 2 main circumstances in Germany played into Hitlerrsquos rise
bull Promised to end reparations create jobs and arm Germany for the
future
bull Nazis gained more and more legislative seats
bull By the democratic process Hitler elected Chancellor (leader) in 1933
bull Took 1 year to suspend civil rights and disbanded all opposing
political parties executing any party members he believed were
disloyal (speech)
Hitler‟s Third Reich
bull Why the Third Reich bull Totalitarianism
ndash Power by what means bull Economic
ndash Public Works programs (which are) bull Highways trains housing bull Rebuilt industry through arms
development bull Employment soaredhellipthe people
cheered
bull Social Policy ndash Hitler Youth indoctrinated with
racism and absolute loyalty ndash Censorship toward pure German
Society (burned books propaganda) ndash Pure Aryan women rewarded for
having babies turned away from universities and upper level positions
Cultural Purge
bull Churches Close ndash Hitler Christianity
ldquoweakrdquo ndash All Protestant
faiths combined into a state church indoctrinating Aryan superiority
ndash Some Catholic churches closed if spoke out against Nazi regime
Nuremberg Laws 1935
bull Laws stated Jewish people could NOT
bull Marry non Jews
bull Attend or teach in German
schools
bull Hold Government positions
bull Practice Law or Medicine
bull Publish Books
bull Urged the unprovoked
beatings of Jewish people in public ndash Effect many German Jews like Albert Einstein fled
Night of the Broken Glass ldquoKristallnachtrdquo
bull November 7 1938 a young Jew who had watched his parents be mistreated in Germany shot a German diplomat in Paris ndash From article Specifically
why was Grynszpan mad ndash Goebbels and Hitler want
who to rise up and attack the Jewish people Did this happen Who did
bull Hitler reacted by attacking Jewish communities (called) ndash Destroyed buildings burned
synagogues and dragged Jewish people into the street for public beatings
World Reaction
bull World swiftly and negatively reacted to The Night of the Broken Glass
bull Hitlerrsquos response ndash Make the Jewish people
pay for the damage ndash Increase his campaign by
forcing them into concentration camps (what are these)
ndash Began plotting his ldquofinal solutionrdquo (which was)
ldquoWork makes one Freerdquo
bull ldquoThe Nazis came first for the Communists But I wasnrsquot Communist so I didnrsquot speak up Then they came for the Jews but I wasnrsquot a Jew so I didnrsquot speak uphellipThen they came for the unionists but I was a Protestant so I didnrsquot speak up Then they came for me By that time there was no one left to speak uprdquo ndash Lutheran Minister Martin Niemoller
bull What lesson can be learned from this
Critical Thinking
bull Find 6 similarities between the Totalitarian
States of the USSR Italy and Germany
APPEASING THE ENEMY
Policy of Appeasement 1936 bull Appeasement Giving
into the demands of aggressors in order to keep peace ndash West did everything from
weak sanctions to ignoring aggressive behavior to avoid War bull Italy invaded Ethiopia
1935 ndash League of Nations (whorsquos
involved) passed economic sanctions but couldnrsquot enforce them
bull 1936 Germans invaded the Rhineland (demilitarized no manrsquos land protecting France from Germany)
ndash France and Britain turn a blinds eye
ndash WHY
1935 US Passes Neutrality Acts
bull Neutrality Acts ndash US will not do the
following with
countries at war bull Sell arms
bull Loan money
bull Have Americans
travel on their ships
(why)
1936 The Axis of ldquoEvilrdquo
bull Germany Italy and
Japan form an
alliance to ldquoend
communismrdquo ndash Really an
agreement to NOT
stop each other
from expanding
1936 Spain falls to Fascist Franco with Nazi Germany‟s help
bull Germany bombs Guernica Spain as a dress rehearsal for their new war planes- 1600 innocent civilians were killed
A neutral Europe
bull On your map choose a color for countries that remained as neutral as humanly possible in this case Color and label the following (Good practice for the Map Quiz tomorrow) ndash Switzerland ndash Sweden ndash Republic of Ireland ndash Portugal ndash Spain
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Germany
ndash Italy
ndash Northern Africa
German Expansion
bull What were Hitlerrsquos goals ndash Unite Germans
everywhere ndash Create more living
space bull 1st Move 1938 Annex
Austria his birthplace (easily fell Europe did nothing)
bull 2nd Move 1938 Demand the annexation of the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia which was home to mostly Germans
ndash Munich Conference-Germany ldquopromisedrdquo to not invade any more land so Britain and France persuaded Czechs to surrender the territory
bull Soon to be Prime Minister of Great Britain (1940) Winston Churchill said of the decision ndash ldquoThey had to
chose between war or dishonor They chose dishonor they will have warrdquo
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Austria
ndash Czechoslovakia (Find Czech Republic and
Slovakia) Color them both in
Assignment bull Create your own political cartoon that
expresses the effects of Appeasement and Neutrality upon Europe ndash Create a Catchy Title and Write it on the Top
line in Marker ndash Draw the Picture in the box and COLOR and or
use BLACK MARKER to outline any pencil markshellipyou will not be graded on your drawing ability but you will be graded on your creativity use of historical information neatness overall effort and your ability to stay on task
ndash Sign the bottom
Nazi-Soviet Pact 1939
bull August nonaggression pact between Germany and Soviet Union signed ndash Would not fight if the
other went to war ndash Divide Poland and
Eastern Europe between them bull Soviets reason Gain
territory and time to build arms
bull Germany free to take Poland avoid a two front war (why)
The Poland Promise
bull Hitler didnrsquot stop at the Sudetenland and took more and more of Czechoslovakia
bull Britain and France accepted the failure of appeasement and promised to protect Poland Germany obvious next move ndash September 1939 Nazirsquos invade
Poland and Britain and France honor their agreement declaring war on Germany
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries that are Axis Controlled Color and label the following ndash Poland ndash Yugoslavia (Find Serbia color it all in) ndash Romania ndash Hungary ndash Bulgaria ndash Greece ndash Albania
THE BEGINNINGS OF WWII EARLY AXIS ACHIEVEMENTS
Nazi Blitzkrieg
bull Blitzkrieg ldquoLightning Warrdquo ndash German strategy to
do a series of quick constant attacks to keep the enemy from easily responding bull Easily took Norway
Denmark Netherlands Belgium sites set on France
The Fall of France
bull British troops were evacuated bull German Attacked from the
North bull Italy from the South bull Outnumbered and
demoralized France Falls ndash June 1940 forced to
surrender in the same place Germany was forced to sign the Treaty of Versailles
ndash French officers including Charles de Gaulle escaped to Britain to plan liberation
ndash French continued guerrilla warfare against the Axis powers
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Denmark
ndash Norway
ndash Netherlands
ndash Belgium
ndash France
Operation Sea Lion
bull Battle of Britain-Failure of the Blitz ndash Winston Churchill ldquoWe
shall never surrenderrdquo ndash August 1940 first bombs
by German plains bull 57 Day campaign of
bombing London bull People defiantly
continued their lives 15000 people lost their lives Parliament still met King and Queen went to bomb shelters with citizens
ndash May 1941 Hitler calls it a failure and calls a new strategy
Operation Barbarossa History Repeats itself
bull June 1941 Turned sites on Soviet Union ndash Caught Stalin off guard
leading to the death of 2 frac12 million soldiers in 6 months (Why) bull Nazi-Soviet Pact bull Many top officers assassinated
during Stalinrsquos purge ndash Soviets turned to burning
crops and animals destroying cities to avoid Germans taking them bull Called bull Scorched Earth Policy bull So also like Napoleon what
happens when winter comes
Siege of Leningrad lasts 2 frac12 years bull Millions die of hunger Britain reemerges to help
Soviets with creating a 2 Front War on Germany
US‟s 1941 1 Sided Neutrality
bull Lend-Lease Act FDR can lend war materials to any country whose defense the president thinks is vital to keeping the US safe ndash ldquoArsenal of democracyrdquo lend arms to those fighting for freedom ndash Meaning who in this war
bull Atlantic Charter secret meeting between Churchill and FDR- destroy Nazis people right to chose how they are governed
ldquoA Date which will remain in infamyrdquo
bull Japan is creating a growing Pacific Empire
bull Under Atlantic Charter US stops providing war materials to JapanhellipWhy
bull Japan mad-General Tojo orders attacks on American Military Fleet in Pearl Harbor
bull December 7 1941 declares war on Japan
bull December 11 rest of Axis powers declare war on US
bull Beginning of 1942-Axis powers at their height of control
EUROPEAN SUCCESS
Distrustful Allies
bull Stalin Churchill and FDR distrust each other ndash Stalin fearful Churchill
and FDR deliberately delaying the beginning of Western Front war to weaken Communism
ndash Roosevelt leery Churchill will want to expand British Imperial power
The Side Effects of Total War
bull Allies began Total War (meaning) ndash Men drafted to war ndash Propaganda
bull Posters news broadcasts everything showed the evils of Japanese and Germans Rosie the Riveter pics urged women into factories
ndash Effects ndash Women urged to do their part by
kicking off their dresses and working in factories building war materials
ndash Rationing of food and war materials ndash 1942 Japanese Americans lost their jobs
property and rights by being interned in camps because of fear they were loyal to Japan
bull Began attack in Northern Africa ndash Forced surrender of
Axis army in Northern Africa in May 1943
ndash Staging ground for invasion of Italy
bull Invaded Italy in July 1943
bull Defeated Mussolini by August 1943 ndash Mussolini overthrown
bull Germany weakened by having to fight Allies in Italy to save Mussolini
Northern Africa to Italy
Aug 1942 Battle of Stalingrad
bull 1942 Hitler still stalled outside Leningrad switch to oil rich Stalingrad in the South ndash Germans surrounded
city ndash Soviets from North
surrounded Germans ndash Fought street by street
house by house bull Early 1943 Germans
surrendered and were pushed out of USSR by Aug 1944
D-Day
bull 1944 US General Eisenhower prepared to open second European Front ndash Bombed German factories
cities and aircraft to weaken army
bull June 6 1944 Paratroopers dropped into France at dawn soldiers stormed the beaches of Normandy France others entered through Italy French resisted from inside Paris
bull All of France free by September 1944
Hitler‟s Last Stand
bull Battle of the Bulge Dec 1944- Battle in Ardennes Mts Of Belgium ndash Offensive by Germans to
split the Allied army in half ndash Initially successful but
Allies prevailed pushing into Germany bull April 1945 Americans meet
Soviets at Elbe River bull Mussolini assassinated Hitler
committed suicide and European conflict officially over on VE Day May 8 1945 (Victory in Europe)
WAR IN THE PACIFIC
Bataan Death March
bull May 1942 Japan takes
control of US Phillipines ndash Forced 75000 American
soldiers and Filipino
civilians on a 68 mile
march to remove the
enemy forces from areas
around their next area of
attack bull Starved beaten tortured
murdered
Island Hopping Campaign bull General McArthur
successful at The Battle of Midway in June 1942 ndash Began hopping from
Island to Island retaking Japanese controlled lands
bull British fighting in Burma and Malaya staged from which colony ndash McArthur had vowed to
return to help Philippines Oct 1944 kept promise
Gloom in the Pacific
bull 1945 war in Europe over
all resources into Pacific
but Japan still strong and ndash Japanese began Kamikaze
missions (which are)
ndash Japanese fought to the
death rather than surrender
at Iwo Jima and Okinawa
bull Success seemed far way
The Allies Choice
bull Planned an invasion of Japan but fearful of Allied casualties
bull July 1945 International group of scientists completed the Manhattan Project successfully testing an atomic bomb in what State
bull President Harry Truman (what happened to FDR) gives Emperor Hirohito an ultimatum surrender or face ldquoutter and complete destructionrdquo-Japan ignores
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
bull August 6 1945-Atomic bomb instantly kills 70000 Japanese citizens Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 8 1945-Soviets declare war and invade Manchuria Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 9 1945-US bomb Nagasaki- atomic bomb instantly kills 40000 Japanese
bull August 10th Hirohito forces Japanese military to surrender officially ending the war in September
Atomic Bomb Debate
bull Should the US have dropped the bombs
Why or Why not ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against the use
of atomic bombs to end WWII
ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against keeping
or destroying all atomic bombs now
Effects of the War
bull Mass Casualties ndash 75 million people total
bull 22 million in the Soviet Union alone (most)
bull Nuremberg Trials ndash Axis powers tried for
Crimes against humanity bull 142 Germans and
Austrians (many Nazi leaders) tried and sentenced to death for their associations with the Holocaust
bull Similar trials in Japan for what actions
ndash Served to show military could be held responsible for their actions exposed the horrors of fascists and dictators hoping to secure a place for democracy
Holocaust Facts
bull 6 million Jews 4 million more gypsies Slavic peoples homosexuals or physically handicapped systematically killed
bull Millions more enslaved in work camps used for medical experiments
bull Jews and others fought back ndash Destroyed gas
chambers ndash Hid Jewish people ndash Denmark and Bulgaria
managed to save almost their entire Jewish population
Denmark‟s Jews
bull Niels Bohr (Danish physicist contracted to work on The Manhattan Project in US) snuck out of Denmark to Neutral Sweden for safe passage to US when arrived in Sweden refused to leave to the US until they agreed to offer asylum to all the Danish Jews All Jews were quietly snuck out of Denmark with the help of the failing Danish government and ordinary citizens who had been hiding them during the German occupation
United Nations
bull April 1945 50 nations created the UN Charter in San Francisco
bull 5 permanent members of the Security Council US Britain France Soviet Union (now Russia) and China ndash Can veto the decisions of the others-all must agree in order
to take action often a weakness for the organization bull Dedicated to keeping World Peace through international
peace keeping missions ndash Work towards strengthening education preventing disease
poverty and hunger bull Relies upon local governments for coordination-often
leading to inefficiencies when the governments are the ones creating the problems
Extra Credit Assignment
bull Pretend you are President Harry Truman trying to convince the US Congress to allow the US the join the United Nations since they wanted to stay out of the League of Nations years previously Write a 12 sentence speech convincing Congress to join using what you have learned from WWII and create a propaganda poster to support your speech
bull Due the Day we return from Christmas Break-Will replace a quiz grade with a 100 if done well
Review Effects of the Treaty of Versailles
bull In 1919 created a democratic Weimar Republic
bull Who was blamed for WWI bull What did they have to pay
ndash Reparations killing economy bull What important economic areas did
they lose ndash Coal rich industrial towns no longer in
their control bull Answer to economic problem Print
More Money Why is this a problem ndash Principle of Supply and Demand-Supply
high value lessons ndash Leads to massive inflation
bull Look for scapegoats-some blamed the Jewish people (why)
Dawes Plan bull World Rallied to
help Weimer Republic ndash France
withdrew from Coal rich Ruhr Valley
ndash US France and Britain lower reparations payments
bull Recovered but then killed again by Great Depression
Rise of Adolf Hitler
bull 1920 National Socialist German Workers party created (Nazirsquos-not socialists at all) ndash NOT SOCIALIST-
FACIST (what is this)
bull Urged Germans all over the world to unite and expand
bull Demanded Germany needed a strong leader or Fuhrer
Mein Kampf bull Published Mein Kampf
ldquoMy Strugglerdquo 1925 ndash Outlines Nazi ideology
and goals bull Extreme Nationalism bull Superiority of the Germans
Throw off the chains of the Treaty of Versailles and create a world dominated by the superior German Aryan Race
bull Anti-Semitism (what is it) ndashBelief Jews were conspiring to overthrow the government states that the gassing of thousands of Jews would mean that the sacrifice of millions of soldiers will not be in vain
Hitler‟s Democratic Take-over bull What 2 main circumstances in Germany played into Hitlerrsquos rise
bull Promised to end reparations create jobs and arm Germany for the
future
bull Nazis gained more and more legislative seats
bull By the democratic process Hitler elected Chancellor (leader) in 1933
bull Took 1 year to suspend civil rights and disbanded all opposing
political parties executing any party members he believed were
disloyal (speech)
Hitler‟s Third Reich
bull Why the Third Reich bull Totalitarianism
ndash Power by what means bull Economic
ndash Public Works programs (which are) bull Highways trains housing bull Rebuilt industry through arms
development bull Employment soaredhellipthe people
cheered
bull Social Policy ndash Hitler Youth indoctrinated with
racism and absolute loyalty ndash Censorship toward pure German
Society (burned books propaganda) ndash Pure Aryan women rewarded for
having babies turned away from universities and upper level positions
Cultural Purge
bull Churches Close ndash Hitler Christianity
ldquoweakrdquo ndash All Protestant
faiths combined into a state church indoctrinating Aryan superiority
ndash Some Catholic churches closed if spoke out against Nazi regime
Nuremberg Laws 1935
bull Laws stated Jewish people could NOT
bull Marry non Jews
bull Attend or teach in German
schools
bull Hold Government positions
bull Practice Law or Medicine
bull Publish Books
bull Urged the unprovoked
beatings of Jewish people in public ndash Effect many German Jews like Albert Einstein fled
Night of the Broken Glass ldquoKristallnachtrdquo
bull November 7 1938 a young Jew who had watched his parents be mistreated in Germany shot a German diplomat in Paris ndash From article Specifically
why was Grynszpan mad ndash Goebbels and Hitler want
who to rise up and attack the Jewish people Did this happen Who did
bull Hitler reacted by attacking Jewish communities (called) ndash Destroyed buildings burned
synagogues and dragged Jewish people into the street for public beatings
World Reaction
bull World swiftly and negatively reacted to The Night of the Broken Glass
bull Hitlerrsquos response ndash Make the Jewish people
pay for the damage ndash Increase his campaign by
forcing them into concentration camps (what are these)
ndash Began plotting his ldquofinal solutionrdquo (which was)
ldquoWork makes one Freerdquo
bull ldquoThe Nazis came first for the Communists But I wasnrsquot Communist so I didnrsquot speak up Then they came for the Jews but I wasnrsquot a Jew so I didnrsquot speak uphellipThen they came for the unionists but I was a Protestant so I didnrsquot speak up Then they came for me By that time there was no one left to speak uprdquo ndash Lutheran Minister Martin Niemoller
bull What lesson can be learned from this
Critical Thinking
bull Find 6 similarities between the Totalitarian
States of the USSR Italy and Germany
APPEASING THE ENEMY
Policy of Appeasement 1936 bull Appeasement Giving
into the demands of aggressors in order to keep peace ndash West did everything from
weak sanctions to ignoring aggressive behavior to avoid War bull Italy invaded Ethiopia
1935 ndash League of Nations (whorsquos
involved) passed economic sanctions but couldnrsquot enforce them
bull 1936 Germans invaded the Rhineland (demilitarized no manrsquos land protecting France from Germany)
ndash France and Britain turn a blinds eye
ndash WHY
1935 US Passes Neutrality Acts
bull Neutrality Acts ndash US will not do the
following with
countries at war bull Sell arms
bull Loan money
bull Have Americans
travel on their ships
(why)
1936 The Axis of ldquoEvilrdquo
bull Germany Italy and
Japan form an
alliance to ldquoend
communismrdquo ndash Really an
agreement to NOT
stop each other
from expanding
1936 Spain falls to Fascist Franco with Nazi Germany‟s help
bull Germany bombs Guernica Spain as a dress rehearsal for their new war planes- 1600 innocent civilians were killed
A neutral Europe
bull On your map choose a color for countries that remained as neutral as humanly possible in this case Color and label the following (Good practice for the Map Quiz tomorrow) ndash Switzerland ndash Sweden ndash Republic of Ireland ndash Portugal ndash Spain
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Germany
ndash Italy
ndash Northern Africa
German Expansion
bull What were Hitlerrsquos goals ndash Unite Germans
everywhere ndash Create more living
space bull 1st Move 1938 Annex
Austria his birthplace (easily fell Europe did nothing)
bull 2nd Move 1938 Demand the annexation of the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia which was home to mostly Germans
ndash Munich Conference-Germany ldquopromisedrdquo to not invade any more land so Britain and France persuaded Czechs to surrender the territory
bull Soon to be Prime Minister of Great Britain (1940) Winston Churchill said of the decision ndash ldquoThey had to
chose between war or dishonor They chose dishonor they will have warrdquo
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Austria
ndash Czechoslovakia (Find Czech Republic and
Slovakia) Color them both in
Assignment bull Create your own political cartoon that
expresses the effects of Appeasement and Neutrality upon Europe ndash Create a Catchy Title and Write it on the Top
line in Marker ndash Draw the Picture in the box and COLOR and or
use BLACK MARKER to outline any pencil markshellipyou will not be graded on your drawing ability but you will be graded on your creativity use of historical information neatness overall effort and your ability to stay on task
ndash Sign the bottom
Nazi-Soviet Pact 1939
bull August nonaggression pact between Germany and Soviet Union signed ndash Would not fight if the
other went to war ndash Divide Poland and
Eastern Europe between them bull Soviets reason Gain
territory and time to build arms
bull Germany free to take Poland avoid a two front war (why)
The Poland Promise
bull Hitler didnrsquot stop at the Sudetenland and took more and more of Czechoslovakia
bull Britain and France accepted the failure of appeasement and promised to protect Poland Germany obvious next move ndash September 1939 Nazirsquos invade
Poland and Britain and France honor their agreement declaring war on Germany
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries that are Axis Controlled Color and label the following ndash Poland ndash Yugoslavia (Find Serbia color it all in) ndash Romania ndash Hungary ndash Bulgaria ndash Greece ndash Albania
THE BEGINNINGS OF WWII EARLY AXIS ACHIEVEMENTS
Nazi Blitzkrieg
bull Blitzkrieg ldquoLightning Warrdquo ndash German strategy to
do a series of quick constant attacks to keep the enemy from easily responding bull Easily took Norway
Denmark Netherlands Belgium sites set on France
The Fall of France
bull British troops were evacuated bull German Attacked from the
North bull Italy from the South bull Outnumbered and
demoralized France Falls ndash June 1940 forced to
surrender in the same place Germany was forced to sign the Treaty of Versailles
ndash French officers including Charles de Gaulle escaped to Britain to plan liberation
ndash French continued guerrilla warfare against the Axis powers
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Denmark
ndash Norway
ndash Netherlands
ndash Belgium
ndash France
Operation Sea Lion
bull Battle of Britain-Failure of the Blitz ndash Winston Churchill ldquoWe
shall never surrenderrdquo ndash August 1940 first bombs
by German plains bull 57 Day campaign of
bombing London bull People defiantly
continued their lives 15000 people lost their lives Parliament still met King and Queen went to bomb shelters with citizens
ndash May 1941 Hitler calls it a failure and calls a new strategy
Operation Barbarossa History Repeats itself
bull June 1941 Turned sites on Soviet Union ndash Caught Stalin off guard
leading to the death of 2 frac12 million soldiers in 6 months (Why) bull Nazi-Soviet Pact bull Many top officers assassinated
during Stalinrsquos purge ndash Soviets turned to burning
crops and animals destroying cities to avoid Germans taking them bull Called bull Scorched Earth Policy bull So also like Napoleon what
happens when winter comes
Siege of Leningrad lasts 2 frac12 years bull Millions die of hunger Britain reemerges to help
Soviets with creating a 2 Front War on Germany
US‟s 1941 1 Sided Neutrality
bull Lend-Lease Act FDR can lend war materials to any country whose defense the president thinks is vital to keeping the US safe ndash ldquoArsenal of democracyrdquo lend arms to those fighting for freedom ndash Meaning who in this war
bull Atlantic Charter secret meeting between Churchill and FDR- destroy Nazis people right to chose how they are governed
ldquoA Date which will remain in infamyrdquo
bull Japan is creating a growing Pacific Empire
bull Under Atlantic Charter US stops providing war materials to JapanhellipWhy
bull Japan mad-General Tojo orders attacks on American Military Fleet in Pearl Harbor
bull December 7 1941 declares war on Japan
bull December 11 rest of Axis powers declare war on US
bull Beginning of 1942-Axis powers at their height of control
EUROPEAN SUCCESS
Distrustful Allies
bull Stalin Churchill and FDR distrust each other ndash Stalin fearful Churchill
and FDR deliberately delaying the beginning of Western Front war to weaken Communism
ndash Roosevelt leery Churchill will want to expand British Imperial power
The Side Effects of Total War
bull Allies began Total War (meaning) ndash Men drafted to war ndash Propaganda
bull Posters news broadcasts everything showed the evils of Japanese and Germans Rosie the Riveter pics urged women into factories
ndash Effects ndash Women urged to do their part by
kicking off their dresses and working in factories building war materials
ndash Rationing of food and war materials ndash 1942 Japanese Americans lost their jobs
property and rights by being interned in camps because of fear they were loyal to Japan
bull Began attack in Northern Africa ndash Forced surrender of
Axis army in Northern Africa in May 1943
ndash Staging ground for invasion of Italy
bull Invaded Italy in July 1943
bull Defeated Mussolini by August 1943 ndash Mussolini overthrown
bull Germany weakened by having to fight Allies in Italy to save Mussolini
Northern Africa to Italy
Aug 1942 Battle of Stalingrad
bull 1942 Hitler still stalled outside Leningrad switch to oil rich Stalingrad in the South ndash Germans surrounded
city ndash Soviets from North
surrounded Germans ndash Fought street by street
house by house bull Early 1943 Germans
surrendered and were pushed out of USSR by Aug 1944
D-Day
bull 1944 US General Eisenhower prepared to open second European Front ndash Bombed German factories
cities and aircraft to weaken army
bull June 6 1944 Paratroopers dropped into France at dawn soldiers stormed the beaches of Normandy France others entered through Italy French resisted from inside Paris
bull All of France free by September 1944
Hitler‟s Last Stand
bull Battle of the Bulge Dec 1944- Battle in Ardennes Mts Of Belgium ndash Offensive by Germans to
split the Allied army in half ndash Initially successful but
Allies prevailed pushing into Germany bull April 1945 Americans meet
Soviets at Elbe River bull Mussolini assassinated Hitler
committed suicide and European conflict officially over on VE Day May 8 1945 (Victory in Europe)
WAR IN THE PACIFIC
Bataan Death March
bull May 1942 Japan takes
control of US Phillipines ndash Forced 75000 American
soldiers and Filipino
civilians on a 68 mile
march to remove the
enemy forces from areas
around their next area of
attack bull Starved beaten tortured
murdered
Island Hopping Campaign bull General McArthur
successful at The Battle of Midway in June 1942 ndash Began hopping from
Island to Island retaking Japanese controlled lands
bull British fighting in Burma and Malaya staged from which colony ndash McArthur had vowed to
return to help Philippines Oct 1944 kept promise
Gloom in the Pacific
bull 1945 war in Europe over
all resources into Pacific
but Japan still strong and ndash Japanese began Kamikaze
missions (which are)
ndash Japanese fought to the
death rather than surrender
at Iwo Jima and Okinawa
bull Success seemed far way
The Allies Choice
bull Planned an invasion of Japan but fearful of Allied casualties
bull July 1945 International group of scientists completed the Manhattan Project successfully testing an atomic bomb in what State
bull President Harry Truman (what happened to FDR) gives Emperor Hirohito an ultimatum surrender or face ldquoutter and complete destructionrdquo-Japan ignores
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
bull August 6 1945-Atomic bomb instantly kills 70000 Japanese citizens Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 8 1945-Soviets declare war and invade Manchuria Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 9 1945-US bomb Nagasaki- atomic bomb instantly kills 40000 Japanese
bull August 10th Hirohito forces Japanese military to surrender officially ending the war in September
Atomic Bomb Debate
bull Should the US have dropped the bombs
Why or Why not ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against the use
of atomic bombs to end WWII
ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against keeping
or destroying all atomic bombs now
Effects of the War
bull Mass Casualties ndash 75 million people total
bull 22 million in the Soviet Union alone (most)
bull Nuremberg Trials ndash Axis powers tried for
Crimes against humanity bull 142 Germans and
Austrians (many Nazi leaders) tried and sentenced to death for their associations with the Holocaust
bull Similar trials in Japan for what actions
ndash Served to show military could be held responsible for their actions exposed the horrors of fascists and dictators hoping to secure a place for democracy
Holocaust Facts
bull 6 million Jews 4 million more gypsies Slavic peoples homosexuals or physically handicapped systematically killed
bull Millions more enslaved in work camps used for medical experiments
bull Jews and others fought back ndash Destroyed gas
chambers ndash Hid Jewish people ndash Denmark and Bulgaria
managed to save almost their entire Jewish population
Denmark‟s Jews
bull Niels Bohr (Danish physicist contracted to work on The Manhattan Project in US) snuck out of Denmark to Neutral Sweden for safe passage to US when arrived in Sweden refused to leave to the US until they agreed to offer asylum to all the Danish Jews All Jews were quietly snuck out of Denmark with the help of the failing Danish government and ordinary citizens who had been hiding them during the German occupation
United Nations
bull April 1945 50 nations created the UN Charter in San Francisco
bull 5 permanent members of the Security Council US Britain France Soviet Union (now Russia) and China ndash Can veto the decisions of the others-all must agree in order
to take action often a weakness for the organization bull Dedicated to keeping World Peace through international
peace keeping missions ndash Work towards strengthening education preventing disease
poverty and hunger bull Relies upon local governments for coordination-often
leading to inefficiencies when the governments are the ones creating the problems
Extra Credit Assignment
bull Pretend you are President Harry Truman trying to convince the US Congress to allow the US the join the United Nations since they wanted to stay out of the League of Nations years previously Write a 12 sentence speech convincing Congress to join using what you have learned from WWII and create a propaganda poster to support your speech
bull Due the Day we return from Christmas Break-Will replace a quiz grade with a 100 if done well
Dawes Plan bull World Rallied to
help Weimer Republic ndash France
withdrew from Coal rich Ruhr Valley
ndash US France and Britain lower reparations payments
bull Recovered but then killed again by Great Depression
Rise of Adolf Hitler
bull 1920 National Socialist German Workers party created (Nazirsquos-not socialists at all) ndash NOT SOCIALIST-
FACIST (what is this)
bull Urged Germans all over the world to unite and expand
bull Demanded Germany needed a strong leader or Fuhrer
Mein Kampf bull Published Mein Kampf
ldquoMy Strugglerdquo 1925 ndash Outlines Nazi ideology
and goals bull Extreme Nationalism bull Superiority of the Germans
Throw off the chains of the Treaty of Versailles and create a world dominated by the superior German Aryan Race
bull Anti-Semitism (what is it) ndashBelief Jews were conspiring to overthrow the government states that the gassing of thousands of Jews would mean that the sacrifice of millions of soldiers will not be in vain
Hitler‟s Democratic Take-over bull What 2 main circumstances in Germany played into Hitlerrsquos rise
bull Promised to end reparations create jobs and arm Germany for the
future
bull Nazis gained more and more legislative seats
bull By the democratic process Hitler elected Chancellor (leader) in 1933
bull Took 1 year to suspend civil rights and disbanded all opposing
political parties executing any party members he believed were
disloyal (speech)
Hitler‟s Third Reich
bull Why the Third Reich bull Totalitarianism
ndash Power by what means bull Economic
ndash Public Works programs (which are) bull Highways trains housing bull Rebuilt industry through arms
development bull Employment soaredhellipthe people
cheered
bull Social Policy ndash Hitler Youth indoctrinated with
racism and absolute loyalty ndash Censorship toward pure German
Society (burned books propaganda) ndash Pure Aryan women rewarded for
having babies turned away from universities and upper level positions
Cultural Purge
bull Churches Close ndash Hitler Christianity
ldquoweakrdquo ndash All Protestant
faiths combined into a state church indoctrinating Aryan superiority
ndash Some Catholic churches closed if spoke out against Nazi regime
Nuremberg Laws 1935
bull Laws stated Jewish people could NOT
bull Marry non Jews
bull Attend or teach in German
schools
bull Hold Government positions
bull Practice Law or Medicine
bull Publish Books
bull Urged the unprovoked
beatings of Jewish people in public ndash Effect many German Jews like Albert Einstein fled
Night of the Broken Glass ldquoKristallnachtrdquo
bull November 7 1938 a young Jew who had watched his parents be mistreated in Germany shot a German diplomat in Paris ndash From article Specifically
why was Grynszpan mad ndash Goebbels and Hitler want
who to rise up and attack the Jewish people Did this happen Who did
bull Hitler reacted by attacking Jewish communities (called) ndash Destroyed buildings burned
synagogues and dragged Jewish people into the street for public beatings
World Reaction
bull World swiftly and negatively reacted to The Night of the Broken Glass
bull Hitlerrsquos response ndash Make the Jewish people
pay for the damage ndash Increase his campaign by
forcing them into concentration camps (what are these)
ndash Began plotting his ldquofinal solutionrdquo (which was)
ldquoWork makes one Freerdquo
bull ldquoThe Nazis came first for the Communists But I wasnrsquot Communist so I didnrsquot speak up Then they came for the Jews but I wasnrsquot a Jew so I didnrsquot speak uphellipThen they came for the unionists but I was a Protestant so I didnrsquot speak up Then they came for me By that time there was no one left to speak uprdquo ndash Lutheran Minister Martin Niemoller
bull What lesson can be learned from this
Critical Thinking
bull Find 6 similarities between the Totalitarian
States of the USSR Italy and Germany
APPEASING THE ENEMY
Policy of Appeasement 1936 bull Appeasement Giving
into the demands of aggressors in order to keep peace ndash West did everything from
weak sanctions to ignoring aggressive behavior to avoid War bull Italy invaded Ethiopia
1935 ndash League of Nations (whorsquos
involved) passed economic sanctions but couldnrsquot enforce them
bull 1936 Germans invaded the Rhineland (demilitarized no manrsquos land protecting France from Germany)
ndash France and Britain turn a blinds eye
ndash WHY
1935 US Passes Neutrality Acts
bull Neutrality Acts ndash US will not do the
following with
countries at war bull Sell arms
bull Loan money
bull Have Americans
travel on their ships
(why)
1936 The Axis of ldquoEvilrdquo
bull Germany Italy and
Japan form an
alliance to ldquoend
communismrdquo ndash Really an
agreement to NOT
stop each other
from expanding
1936 Spain falls to Fascist Franco with Nazi Germany‟s help
bull Germany bombs Guernica Spain as a dress rehearsal for their new war planes- 1600 innocent civilians were killed
A neutral Europe
bull On your map choose a color for countries that remained as neutral as humanly possible in this case Color and label the following (Good practice for the Map Quiz tomorrow) ndash Switzerland ndash Sweden ndash Republic of Ireland ndash Portugal ndash Spain
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Germany
ndash Italy
ndash Northern Africa
German Expansion
bull What were Hitlerrsquos goals ndash Unite Germans
everywhere ndash Create more living
space bull 1st Move 1938 Annex
Austria his birthplace (easily fell Europe did nothing)
bull 2nd Move 1938 Demand the annexation of the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia which was home to mostly Germans
ndash Munich Conference-Germany ldquopromisedrdquo to not invade any more land so Britain and France persuaded Czechs to surrender the territory
bull Soon to be Prime Minister of Great Britain (1940) Winston Churchill said of the decision ndash ldquoThey had to
chose between war or dishonor They chose dishonor they will have warrdquo
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Austria
ndash Czechoslovakia (Find Czech Republic and
Slovakia) Color them both in
Assignment bull Create your own political cartoon that
expresses the effects of Appeasement and Neutrality upon Europe ndash Create a Catchy Title and Write it on the Top
line in Marker ndash Draw the Picture in the box and COLOR and or
use BLACK MARKER to outline any pencil markshellipyou will not be graded on your drawing ability but you will be graded on your creativity use of historical information neatness overall effort and your ability to stay on task
ndash Sign the bottom
Nazi-Soviet Pact 1939
bull August nonaggression pact between Germany and Soviet Union signed ndash Would not fight if the
other went to war ndash Divide Poland and
Eastern Europe between them bull Soviets reason Gain
territory and time to build arms
bull Germany free to take Poland avoid a two front war (why)
The Poland Promise
bull Hitler didnrsquot stop at the Sudetenland and took more and more of Czechoslovakia
bull Britain and France accepted the failure of appeasement and promised to protect Poland Germany obvious next move ndash September 1939 Nazirsquos invade
Poland and Britain and France honor their agreement declaring war on Germany
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries that are Axis Controlled Color and label the following ndash Poland ndash Yugoslavia (Find Serbia color it all in) ndash Romania ndash Hungary ndash Bulgaria ndash Greece ndash Albania
THE BEGINNINGS OF WWII EARLY AXIS ACHIEVEMENTS
Nazi Blitzkrieg
bull Blitzkrieg ldquoLightning Warrdquo ndash German strategy to
do a series of quick constant attacks to keep the enemy from easily responding bull Easily took Norway
Denmark Netherlands Belgium sites set on France
The Fall of France
bull British troops were evacuated bull German Attacked from the
North bull Italy from the South bull Outnumbered and
demoralized France Falls ndash June 1940 forced to
surrender in the same place Germany was forced to sign the Treaty of Versailles
ndash French officers including Charles de Gaulle escaped to Britain to plan liberation
ndash French continued guerrilla warfare against the Axis powers
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Denmark
ndash Norway
ndash Netherlands
ndash Belgium
ndash France
Operation Sea Lion
bull Battle of Britain-Failure of the Blitz ndash Winston Churchill ldquoWe
shall never surrenderrdquo ndash August 1940 first bombs
by German plains bull 57 Day campaign of
bombing London bull People defiantly
continued their lives 15000 people lost their lives Parliament still met King and Queen went to bomb shelters with citizens
ndash May 1941 Hitler calls it a failure and calls a new strategy
Operation Barbarossa History Repeats itself
bull June 1941 Turned sites on Soviet Union ndash Caught Stalin off guard
leading to the death of 2 frac12 million soldiers in 6 months (Why) bull Nazi-Soviet Pact bull Many top officers assassinated
during Stalinrsquos purge ndash Soviets turned to burning
crops and animals destroying cities to avoid Germans taking them bull Called bull Scorched Earth Policy bull So also like Napoleon what
happens when winter comes
Siege of Leningrad lasts 2 frac12 years bull Millions die of hunger Britain reemerges to help
Soviets with creating a 2 Front War on Germany
US‟s 1941 1 Sided Neutrality
bull Lend-Lease Act FDR can lend war materials to any country whose defense the president thinks is vital to keeping the US safe ndash ldquoArsenal of democracyrdquo lend arms to those fighting for freedom ndash Meaning who in this war
bull Atlantic Charter secret meeting between Churchill and FDR- destroy Nazis people right to chose how they are governed
ldquoA Date which will remain in infamyrdquo
bull Japan is creating a growing Pacific Empire
bull Under Atlantic Charter US stops providing war materials to JapanhellipWhy
bull Japan mad-General Tojo orders attacks on American Military Fleet in Pearl Harbor
bull December 7 1941 declares war on Japan
bull December 11 rest of Axis powers declare war on US
bull Beginning of 1942-Axis powers at their height of control
EUROPEAN SUCCESS
Distrustful Allies
bull Stalin Churchill and FDR distrust each other ndash Stalin fearful Churchill
and FDR deliberately delaying the beginning of Western Front war to weaken Communism
ndash Roosevelt leery Churchill will want to expand British Imperial power
The Side Effects of Total War
bull Allies began Total War (meaning) ndash Men drafted to war ndash Propaganda
bull Posters news broadcasts everything showed the evils of Japanese and Germans Rosie the Riveter pics urged women into factories
ndash Effects ndash Women urged to do their part by
kicking off their dresses and working in factories building war materials
ndash Rationing of food and war materials ndash 1942 Japanese Americans lost their jobs
property and rights by being interned in camps because of fear they were loyal to Japan
bull Began attack in Northern Africa ndash Forced surrender of
Axis army in Northern Africa in May 1943
ndash Staging ground for invasion of Italy
bull Invaded Italy in July 1943
bull Defeated Mussolini by August 1943 ndash Mussolini overthrown
bull Germany weakened by having to fight Allies in Italy to save Mussolini
Northern Africa to Italy
Aug 1942 Battle of Stalingrad
bull 1942 Hitler still stalled outside Leningrad switch to oil rich Stalingrad in the South ndash Germans surrounded
city ndash Soviets from North
surrounded Germans ndash Fought street by street
house by house bull Early 1943 Germans
surrendered and were pushed out of USSR by Aug 1944
D-Day
bull 1944 US General Eisenhower prepared to open second European Front ndash Bombed German factories
cities and aircraft to weaken army
bull June 6 1944 Paratroopers dropped into France at dawn soldiers stormed the beaches of Normandy France others entered through Italy French resisted from inside Paris
bull All of France free by September 1944
Hitler‟s Last Stand
bull Battle of the Bulge Dec 1944- Battle in Ardennes Mts Of Belgium ndash Offensive by Germans to
split the Allied army in half ndash Initially successful but
Allies prevailed pushing into Germany bull April 1945 Americans meet
Soviets at Elbe River bull Mussolini assassinated Hitler
committed suicide and European conflict officially over on VE Day May 8 1945 (Victory in Europe)
WAR IN THE PACIFIC
Bataan Death March
bull May 1942 Japan takes
control of US Phillipines ndash Forced 75000 American
soldiers and Filipino
civilians on a 68 mile
march to remove the
enemy forces from areas
around their next area of
attack bull Starved beaten tortured
murdered
Island Hopping Campaign bull General McArthur
successful at The Battle of Midway in June 1942 ndash Began hopping from
Island to Island retaking Japanese controlled lands
bull British fighting in Burma and Malaya staged from which colony ndash McArthur had vowed to
return to help Philippines Oct 1944 kept promise
Gloom in the Pacific
bull 1945 war in Europe over
all resources into Pacific
but Japan still strong and ndash Japanese began Kamikaze
missions (which are)
ndash Japanese fought to the
death rather than surrender
at Iwo Jima and Okinawa
bull Success seemed far way
The Allies Choice
bull Planned an invasion of Japan but fearful of Allied casualties
bull July 1945 International group of scientists completed the Manhattan Project successfully testing an atomic bomb in what State
bull President Harry Truman (what happened to FDR) gives Emperor Hirohito an ultimatum surrender or face ldquoutter and complete destructionrdquo-Japan ignores
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
bull August 6 1945-Atomic bomb instantly kills 70000 Japanese citizens Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 8 1945-Soviets declare war and invade Manchuria Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 9 1945-US bomb Nagasaki- atomic bomb instantly kills 40000 Japanese
bull August 10th Hirohito forces Japanese military to surrender officially ending the war in September
Atomic Bomb Debate
bull Should the US have dropped the bombs
Why or Why not ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against the use
of atomic bombs to end WWII
ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against keeping
or destroying all atomic bombs now
Effects of the War
bull Mass Casualties ndash 75 million people total
bull 22 million in the Soviet Union alone (most)
bull Nuremberg Trials ndash Axis powers tried for
Crimes against humanity bull 142 Germans and
Austrians (many Nazi leaders) tried and sentenced to death for their associations with the Holocaust
bull Similar trials in Japan for what actions
ndash Served to show military could be held responsible for their actions exposed the horrors of fascists and dictators hoping to secure a place for democracy
Holocaust Facts
bull 6 million Jews 4 million more gypsies Slavic peoples homosexuals or physically handicapped systematically killed
bull Millions more enslaved in work camps used for medical experiments
bull Jews and others fought back ndash Destroyed gas
chambers ndash Hid Jewish people ndash Denmark and Bulgaria
managed to save almost their entire Jewish population
Denmark‟s Jews
bull Niels Bohr (Danish physicist contracted to work on The Manhattan Project in US) snuck out of Denmark to Neutral Sweden for safe passage to US when arrived in Sweden refused to leave to the US until they agreed to offer asylum to all the Danish Jews All Jews were quietly snuck out of Denmark with the help of the failing Danish government and ordinary citizens who had been hiding them during the German occupation
United Nations
bull April 1945 50 nations created the UN Charter in San Francisco
bull 5 permanent members of the Security Council US Britain France Soviet Union (now Russia) and China ndash Can veto the decisions of the others-all must agree in order
to take action often a weakness for the organization bull Dedicated to keeping World Peace through international
peace keeping missions ndash Work towards strengthening education preventing disease
poverty and hunger bull Relies upon local governments for coordination-often
leading to inefficiencies when the governments are the ones creating the problems
Extra Credit Assignment
bull Pretend you are President Harry Truman trying to convince the US Congress to allow the US the join the United Nations since they wanted to stay out of the League of Nations years previously Write a 12 sentence speech convincing Congress to join using what you have learned from WWII and create a propaganda poster to support your speech
bull Due the Day we return from Christmas Break-Will replace a quiz grade with a 100 if done well
Rise of Adolf Hitler
bull 1920 National Socialist German Workers party created (Nazirsquos-not socialists at all) ndash NOT SOCIALIST-
FACIST (what is this)
bull Urged Germans all over the world to unite and expand
bull Demanded Germany needed a strong leader or Fuhrer
Mein Kampf bull Published Mein Kampf
ldquoMy Strugglerdquo 1925 ndash Outlines Nazi ideology
and goals bull Extreme Nationalism bull Superiority of the Germans
Throw off the chains of the Treaty of Versailles and create a world dominated by the superior German Aryan Race
bull Anti-Semitism (what is it) ndashBelief Jews were conspiring to overthrow the government states that the gassing of thousands of Jews would mean that the sacrifice of millions of soldiers will not be in vain
Hitler‟s Democratic Take-over bull What 2 main circumstances in Germany played into Hitlerrsquos rise
bull Promised to end reparations create jobs and arm Germany for the
future
bull Nazis gained more and more legislative seats
bull By the democratic process Hitler elected Chancellor (leader) in 1933
bull Took 1 year to suspend civil rights and disbanded all opposing
political parties executing any party members he believed were
disloyal (speech)
Hitler‟s Third Reich
bull Why the Third Reich bull Totalitarianism
ndash Power by what means bull Economic
ndash Public Works programs (which are) bull Highways trains housing bull Rebuilt industry through arms
development bull Employment soaredhellipthe people
cheered
bull Social Policy ndash Hitler Youth indoctrinated with
racism and absolute loyalty ndash Censorship toward pure German
Society (burned books propaganda) ndash Pure Aryan women rewarded for
having babies turned away from universities and upper level positions
Cultural Purge
bull Churches Close ndash Hitler Christianity
ldquoweakrdquo ndash All Protestant
faiths combined into a state church indoctrinating Aryan superiority
ndash Some Catholic churches closed if spoke out against Nazi regime
Nuremberg Laws 1935
bull Laws stated Jewish people could NOT
bull Marry non Jews
bull Attend or teach in German
schools
bull Hold Government positions
bull Practice Law or Medicine
bull Publish Books
bull Urged the unprovoked
beatings of Jewish people in public ndash Effect many German Jews like Albert Einstein fled
Night of the Broken Glass ldquoKristallnachtrdquo
bull November 7 1938 a young Jew who had watched his parents be mistreated in Germany shot a German diplomat in Paris ndash From article Specifically
why was Grynszpan mad ndash Goebbels and Hitler want
who to rise up and attack the Jewish people Did this happen Who did
bull Hitler reacted by attacking Jewish communities (called) ndash Destroyed buildings burned
synagogues and dragged Jewish people into the street for public beatings
World Reaction
bull World swiftly and negatively reacted to The Night of the Broken Glass
bull Hitlerrsquos response ndash Make the Jewish people
pay for the damage ndash Increase his campaign by
forcing them into concentration camps (what are these)
ndash Began plotting his ldquofinal solutionrdquo (which was)
ldquoWork makes one Freerdquo
bull ldquoThe Nazis came first for the Communists But I wasnrsquot Communist so I didnrsquot speak up Then they came for the Jews but I wasnrsquot a Jew so I didnrsquot speak uphellipThen they came for the unionists but I was a Protestant so I didnrsquot speak up Then they came for me By that time there was no one left to speak uprdquo ndash Lutheran Minister Martin Niemoller
bull What lesson can be learned from this
Critical Thinking
bull Find 6 similarities between the Totalitarian
States of the USSR Italy and Germany
APPEASING THE ENEMY
Policy of Appeasement 1936 bull Appeasement Giving
into the demands of aggressors in order to keep peace ndash West did everything from
weak sanctions to ignoring aggressive behavior to avoid War bull Italy invaded Ethiopia
1935 ndash League of Nations (whorsquos
involved) passed economic sanctions but couldnrsquot enforce them
bull 1936 Germans invaded the Rhineland (demilitarized no manrsquos land protecting France from Germany)
ndash France and Britain turn a blinds eye
ndash WHY
1935 US Passes Neutrality Acts
bull Neutrality Acts ndash US will not do the
following with
countries at war bull Sell arms
bull Loan money
bull Have Americans
travel on their ships
(why)
1936 The Axis of ldquoEvilrdquo
bull Germany Italy and
Japan form an
alliance to ldquoend
communismrdquo ndash Really an
agreement to NOT
stop each other
from expanding
1936 Spain falls to Fascist Franco with Nazi Germany‟s help
bull Germany bombs Guernica Spain as a dress rehearsal for their new war planes- 1600 innocent civilians were killed
A neutral Europe
bull On your map choose a color for countries that remained as neutral as humanly possible in this case Color and label the following (Good practice for the Map Quiz tomorrow) ndash Switzerland ndash Sweden ndash Republic of Ireland ndash Portugal ndash Spain
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Germany
ndash Italy
ndash Northern Africa
German Expansion
bull What were Hitlerrsquos goals ndash Unite Germans
everywhere ndash Create more living
space bull 1st Move 1938 Annex
Austria his birthplace (easily fell Europe did nothing)
bull 2nd Move 1938 Demand the annexation of the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia which was home to mostly Germans
ndash Munich Conference-Germany ldquopromisedrdquo to not invade any more land so Britain and France persuaded Czechs to surrender the territory
bull Soon to be Prime Minister of Great Britain (1940) Winston Churchill said of the decision ndash ldquoThey had to
chose between war or dishonor They chose dishonor they will have warrdquo
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Austria
ndash Czechoslovakia (Find Czech Republic and
Slovakia) Color them both in
Assignment bull Create your own political cartoon that
expresses the effects of Appeasement and Neutrality upon Europe ndash Create a Catchy Title and Write it on the Top
line in Marker ndash Draw the Picture in the box and COLOR and or
use BLACK MARKER to outline any pencil markshellipyou will not be graded on your drawing ability but you will be graded on your creativity use of historical information neatness overall effort and your ability to stay on task
ndash Sign the bottom
Nazi-Soviet Pact 1939
bull August nonaggression pact between Germany and Soviet Union signed ndash Would not fight if the
other went to war ndash Divide Poland and
Eastern Europe between them bull Soviets reason Gain
territory and time to build arms
bull Germany free to take Poland avoid a two front war (why)
The Poland Promise
bull Hitler didnrsquot stop at the Sudetenland and took more and more of Czechoslovakia
bull Britain and France accepted the failure of appeasement and promised to protect Poland Germany obvious next move ndash September 1939 Nazirsquos invade
Poland and Britain and France honor their agreement declaring war on Germany
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries that are Axis Controlled Color and label the following ndash Poland ndash Yugoslavia (Find Serbia color it all in) ndash Romania ndash Hungary ndash Bulgaria ndash Greece ndash Albania
THE BEGINNINGS OF WWII EARLY AXIS ACHIEVEMENTS
Nazi Blitzkrieg
bull Blitzkrieg ldquoLightning Warrdquo ndash German strategy to
do a series of quick constant attacks to keep the enemy from easily responding bull Easily took Norway
Denmark Netherlands Belgium sites set on France
The Fall of France
bull British troops were evacuated bull German Attacked from the
North bull Italy from the South bull Outnumbered and
demoralized France Falls ndash June 1940 forced to
surrender in the same place Germany was forced to sign the Treaty of Versailles
ndash French officers including Charles de Gaulle escaped to Britain to plan liberation
ndash French continued guerrilla warfare against the Axis powers
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Denmark
ndash Norway
ndash Netherlands
ndash Belgium
ndash France
Operation Sea Lion
bull Battle of Britain-Failure of the Blitz ndash Winston Churchill ldquoWe
shall never surrenderrdquo ndash August 1940 first bombs
by German plains bull 57 Day campaign of
bombing London bull People defiantly
continued their lives 15000 people lost their lives Parliament still met King and Queen went to bomb shelters with citizens
ndash May 1941 Hitler calls it a failure and calls a new strategy
Operation Barbarossa History Repeats itself
bull June 1941 Turned sites on Soviet Union ndash Caught Stalin off guard
leading to the death of 2 frac12 million soldiers in 6 months (Why) bull Nazi-Soviet Pact bull Many top officers assassinated
during Stalinrsquos purge ndash Soviets turned to burning
crops and animals destroying cities to avoid Germans taking them bull Called bull Scorched Earth Policy bull So also like Napoleon what
happens when winter comes
Siege of Leningrad lasts 2 frac12 years bull Millions die of hunger Britain reemerges to help
Soviets with creating a 2 Front War on Germany
US‟s 1941 1 Sided Neutrality
bull Lend-Lease Act FDR can lend war materials to any country whose defense the president thinks is vital to keeping the US safe ndash ldquoArsenal of democracyrdquo lend arms to those fighting for freedom ndash Meaning who in this war
bull Atlantic Charter secret meeting between Churchill and FDR- destroy Nazis people right to chose how they are governed
ldquoA Date which will remain in infamyrdquo
bull Japan is creating a growing Pacific Empire
bull Under Atlantic Charter US stops providing war materials to JapanhellipWhy
bull Japan mad-General Tojo orders attacks on American Military Fleet in Pearl Harbor
bull December 7 1941 declares war on Japan
bull December 11 rest of Axis powers declare war on US
bull Beginning of 1942-Axis powers at their height of control
EUROPEAN SUCCESS
Distrustful Allies
bull Stalin Churchill and FDR distrust each other ndash Stalin fearful Churchill
and FDR deliberately delaying the beginning of Western Front war to weaken Communism
ndash Roosevelt leery Churchill will want to expand British Imperial power
The Side Effects of Total War
bull Allies began Total War (meaning) ndash Men drafted to war ndash Propaganda
bull Posters news broadcasts everything showed the evils of Japanese and Germans Rosie the Riveter pics urged women into factories
ndash Effects ndash Women urged to do their part by
kicking off their dresses and working in factories building war materials
ndash Rationing of food and war materials ndash 1942 Japanese Americans lost their jobs
property and rights by being interned in camps because of fear they were loyal to Japan
bull Began attack in Northern Africa ndash Forced surrender of
Axis army in Northern Africa in May 1943
ndash Staging ground for invasion of Italy
bull Invaded Italy in July 1943
bull Defeated Mussolini by August 1943 ndash Mussolini overthrown
bull Germany weakened by having to fight Allies in Italy to save Mussolini
Northern Africa to Italy
Aug 1942 Battle of Stalingrad
bull 1942 Hitler still stalled outside Leningrad switch to oil rich Stalingrad in the South ndash Germans surrounded
city ndash Soviets from North
surrounded Germans ndash Fought street by street
house by house bull Early 1943 Germans
surrendered and were pushed out of USSR by Aug 1944
D-Day
bull 1944 US General Eisenhower prepared to open second European Front ndash Bombed German factories
cities and aircraft to weaken army
bull June 6 1944 Paratroopers dropped into France at dawn soldiers stormed the beaches of Normandy France others entered through Italy French resisted from inside Paris
bull All of France free by September 1944
Hitler‟s Last Stand
bull Battle of the Bulge Dec 1944- Battle in Ardennes Mts Of Belgium ndash Offensive by Germans to
split the Allied army in half ndash Initially successful but
Allies prevailed pushing into Germany bull April 1945 Americans meet
Soviets at Elbe River bull Mussolini assassinated Hitler
committed suicide and European conflict officially over on VE Day May 8 1945 (Victory in Europe)
WAR IN THE PACIFIC
Bataan Death March
bull May 1942 Japan takes
control of US Phillipines ndash Forced 75000 American
soldiers and Filipino
civilians on a 68 mile
march to remove the
enemy forces from areas
around their next area of
attack bull Starved beaten tortured
murdered
Island Hopping Campaign bull General McArthur
successful at The Battle of Midway in June 1942 ndash Began hopping from
Island to Island retaking Japanese controlled lands
bull British fighting in Burma and Malaya staged from which colony ndash McArthur had vowed to
return to help Philippines Oct 1944 kept promise
Gloom in the Pacific
bull 1945 war in Europe over
all resources into Pacific
but Japan still strong and ndash Japanese began Kamikaze
missions (which are)
ndash Japanese fought to the
death rather than surrender
at Iwo Jima and Okinawa
bull Success seemed far way
The Allies Choice
bull Planned an invasion of Japan but fearful of Allied casualties
bull July 1945 International group of scientists completed the Manhattan Project successfully testing an atomic bomb in what State
bull President Harry Truman (what happened to FDR) gives Emperor Hirohito an ultimatum surrender or face ldquoutter and complete destructionrdquo-Japan ignores
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
bull August 6 1945-Atomic bomb instantly kills 70000 Japanese citizens Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 8 1945-Soviets declare war and invade Manchuria Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 9 1945-US bomb Nagasaki- atomic bomb instantly kills 40000 Japanese
bull August 10th Hirohito forces Japanese military to surrender officially ending the war in September
Atomic Bomb Debate
bull Should the US have dropped the bombs
Why or Why not ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against the use
of atomic bombs to end WWII
ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against keeping
or destroying all atomic bombs now
Effects of the War
bull Mass Casualties ndash 75 million people total
bull 22 million in the Soviet Union alone (most)
bull Nuremberg Trials ndash Axis powers tried for
Crimes against humanity bull 142 Germans and
Austrians (many Nazi leaders) tried and sentenced to death for their associations with the Holocaust
bull Similar trials in Japan for what actions
ndash Served to show military could be held responsible for their actions exposed the horrors of fascists and dictators hoping to secure a place for democracy
Holocaust Facts
bull 6 million Jews 4 million more gypsies Slavic peoples homosexuals or physically handicapped systematically killed
bull Millions more enslaved in work camps used for medical experiments
bull Jews and others fought back ndash Destroyed gas
chambers ndash Hid Jewish people ndash Denmark and Bulgaria
managed to save almost their entire Jewish population
Denmark‟s Jews
bull Niels Bohr (Danish physicist contracted to work on The Manhattan Project in US) snuck out of Denmark to Neutral Sweden for safe passage to US when arrived in Sweden refused to leave to the US until they agreed to offer asylum to all the Danish Jews All Jews were quietly snuck out of Denmark with the help of the failing Danish government and ordinary citizens who had been hiding them during the German occupation
United Nations
bull April 1945 50 nations created the UN Charter in San Francisco
bull 5 permanent members of the Security Council US Britain France Soviet Union (now Russia) and China ndash Can veto the decisions of the others-all must agree in order
to take action often a weakness for the organization bull Dedicated to keeping World Peace through international
peace keeping missions ndash Work towards strengthening education preventing disease
poverty and hunger bull Relies upon local governments for coordination-often
leading to inefficiencies when the governments are the ones creating the problems
Extra Credit Assignment
bull Pretend you are President Harry Truman trying to convince the US Congress to allow the US the join the United Nations since they wanted to stay out of the League of Nations years previously Write a 12 sentence speech convincing Congress to join using what you have learned from WWII and create a propaganda poster to support your speech
bull Due the Day we return from Christmas Break-Will replace a quiz grade with a 100 if done well
Mein Kampf bull Published Mein Kampf
ldquoMy Strugglerdquo 1925 ndash Outlines Nazi ideology
and goals bull Extreme Nationalism bull Superiority of the Germans
Throw off the chains of the Treaty of Versailles and create a world dominated by the superior German Aryan Race
bull Anti-Semitism (what is it) ndashBelief Jews were conspiring to overthrow the government states that the gassing of thousands of Jews would mean that the sacrifice of millions of soldiers will not be in vain
Hitler‟s Democratic Take-over bull What 2 main circumstances in Germany played into Hitlerrsquos rise
bull Promised to end reparations create jobs and arm Germany for the
future
bull Nazis gained more and more legislative seats
bull By the democratic process Hitler elected Chancellor (leader) in 1933
bull Took 1 year to suspend civil rights and disbanded all opposing
political parties executing any party members he believed were
disloyal (speech)
Hitler‟s Third Reich
bull Why the Third Reich bull Totalitarianism
ndash Power by what means bull Economic
ndash Public Works programs (which are) bull Highways trains housing bull Rebuilt industry through arms
development bull Employment soaredhellipthe people
cheered
bull Social Policy ndash Hitler Youth indoctrinated with
racism and absolute loyalty ndash Censorship toward pure German
Society (burned books propaganda) ndash Pure Aryan women rewarded for
having babies turned away from universities and upper level positions
Cultural Purge
bull Churches Close ndash Hitler Christianity
ldquoweakrdquo ndash All Protestant
faiths combined into a state church indoctrinating Aryan superiority
ndash Some Catholic churches closed if spoke out against Nazi regime
Nuremberg Laws 1935
bull Laws stated Jewish people could NOT
bull Marry non Jews
bull Attend or teach in German
schools
bull Hold Government positions
bull Practice Law or Medicine
bull Publish Books
bull Urged the unprovoked
beatings of Jewish people in public ndash Effect many German Jews like Albert Einstein fled
Night of the Broken Glass ldquoKristallnachtrdquo
bull November 7 1938 a young Jew who had watched his parents be mistreated in Germany shot a German diplomat in Paris ndash From article Specifically
why was Grynszpan mad ndash Goebbels and Hitler want
who to rise up and attack the Jewish people Did this happen Who did
bull Hitler reacted by attacking Jewish communities (called) ndash Destroyed buildings burned
synagogues and dragged Jewish people into the street for public beatings
World Reaction
bull World swiftly and negatively reacted to The Night of the Broken Glass
bull Hitlerrsquos response ndash Make the Jewish people
pay for the damage ndash Increase his campaign by
forcing them into concentration camps (what are these)
ndash Began plotting his ldquofinal solutionrdquo (which was)
ldquoWork makes one Freerdquo
bull ldquoThe Nazis came first for the Communists But I wasnrsquot Communist so I didnrsquot speak up Then they came for the Jews but I wasnrsquot a Jew so I didnrsquot speak uphellipThen they came for the unionists but I was a Protestant so I didnrsquot speak up Then they came for me By that time there was no one left to speak uprdquo ndash Lutheran Minister Martin Niemoller
bull What lesson can be learned from this
Critical Thinking
bull Find 6 similarities between the Totalitarian
States of the USSR Italy and Germany
APPEASING THE ENEMY
Policy of Appeasement 1936 bull Appeasement Giving
into the demands of aggressors in order to keep peace ndash West did everything from
weak sanctions to ignoring aggressive behavior to avoid War bull Italy invaded Ethiopia
1935 ndash League of Nations (whorsquos
involved) passed economic sanctions but couldnrsquot enforce them
bull 1936 Germans invaded the Rhineland (demilitarized no manrsquos land protecting France from Germany)
ndash France and Britain turn a blinds eye
ndash WHY
1935 US Passes Neutrality Acts
bull Neutrality Acts ndash US will not do the
following with
countries at war bull Sell arms
bull Loan money
bull Have Americans
travel on their ships
(why)
1936 The Axis of ldquoEvilrdquo
bull Germany Italy and
Japan form an
alliance to ldquoend
communismrdquo ndash Really an
agreement to NOT
stop each other
from expanding
1936 Spain falls to Fascist Franco with Nazi Germany‟s help
bull Germany bombs Guernica Spain as a dress rehearsal for their new war planes- 1600 innocent civilians were killed
A neutral Europe
bull On your map choose a color for countries that remained as neutral as humanly possible in this case Color and label the following (Good practice for the Map Quiz tomorrow) ndash Switzerland ndash Sweden ndash Republic of Ireland ndash Portugal ndash Spain
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Germany
ndash Italy
ndash Northern Africa
German Expansion
bull What were Hitlerrsquos goals ndash Unite Germans
everywhere ndash Create more living
space bull 1st Move 1938 Annex
Austria his birthplace (easily fell Europe did nothing)
bull 2nd Move 1938 Demand the annexation of the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia which was home to mostly Germans
ndash Munich Conference-Germany ldquopromisedrdquo to not invade any more land so Britain and France persuaded Czechs to surrender the territory
bull Soon to be Prime Minister of Great Britain (1940) Winston Churchill said of the decision ndash ldquoThey had to
chose between war or dishonor They chose dishonor they will have warrdquo
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Austria
ndash Czechoslovakia (Find Czech Republic and
Slovakia) Color them both in
Assignment bull Create your own political cartoon that
expresses the effects of Appeasement and Neutrality upon Europe ndash Create a Catchy Title and Write it on the Top
line in Marker ndash Draw the Picture in the box and COLOR and or
use BLACK MARKER to outline any pencil markshellipyou will not be graded on your drawing ability but you will be graded on your creativity use of historical information neatness overall effort and your ability to stay on task
ndash Sign the bottom
Nazi-Soviet Pact 1939
bull August nonaggression pact between Germany and Soviet Union signed ndash Would not fight if the
other went to war ndash Divide Poland and
Eastern Europe between them bull Soviets reason Gain
territory and time to build arms
bull Germany free to take Poland avoid a two front war (why)
The Poland Promise
bull Hitler didnrsquot stop at the Sudetenland and took more and more of Czechoslovakia
bull Britain and France accepted the failure of appeasement and promised to protect Poland Germany obvious next move ndash September 1939 Nazirsquos invade
Poland and Britain and France honor their agreement declaring war on Germany
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries that are Axis Controlled Color and label the following ndash Poland ndash Yugoslavia (Find Serbia color it all in) ndash Romania ndash Hungary ndash Bulgaria ndash Greece ndash Albania
THE BEGINNINGS OF WWII EARLY AXIS ACHIEVEMENTS
Nazi Blitzkrieg
bull Blitzkrieg ldquoLightning Warrdquo ndash German strategy to
do a series of quick constant attacks to keep the enemy from easily responding bull Easily took Norway
Denmark Netherlands Belgium sites set on France
The Fall of France
bull British troops were evacuated bull German Attacked from the
North bull Italy from the South bull Outnumbered and
demoralized France Falls ndash June 1940 forced to
surrender in the same place Germany was forced to sign the Treaty of Versailles
ndash French officers including Charles de Gaulle escaped to Britain to plan liberation
ndash French continued guerrilla warfare against the Axis powers
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Denmark
ndash Norway
ndash Netherlands
ndash Belgium
ndash France
Operation Sea Lion
bull Battle of Britain-Failure of the Blitz ndash Winston Churchill ldquoWe
shall never surrenderrdquo ndash August 1940 first bombs
by German plains bull 57 Day campaign of
bombing London bull People defiantly
continued their lives 15000 people lost their lives Parliament still met King and Queen went to bomb shelters with citizens
ndash May 1941 Hitler calls it a failure and calls a new strategy
Operation Barbarossa History Repeats itself
bull June 1941 Turned sites on Soviet Union ndash Caught Stalin off guard
leading to the death of 2 frac12 million soldiers in 6 months (Why) bull Nazi-Soviet Pact bull Many top officers assassinated
during Stalinrsquos purge ndash Soviets turned to burning
crops and animals destroying cities to avoid Germans taking them bull Called bull Scorched Earth Policy bull So also like Napoleon what
happens when winter comes
Siege of Leningrad lasts 2 frac12 years bull Millions die of hunger Britain reemerges to help
Soviets with creating a 2 Front War on Germany
US‟s 1941 1 Sided Neutrality
bull Lend-Lease Act FDR can lend war materials to any country whose defense the president thinks is vital to keeping the US safe ndash ldquoArsenal of democracyrdquo lend arms to those fighting for freedom ndash Meaning who in this war
bull Atlantic Charter secret meeting between Churchill and FDR- destroy Nazis people right to chose how they are governed
ldquoA Date which will remain in infamyrdquo
bull Japan is creating a growing Pacific Empire
bull Under Atlantic Charter US stops providing war materials to JapanhellipWhy
bull Japan mad-General Tojo orders attacks on American Military Fleet in Pearl Harbor
bull December 7 1941 declares war on Japan
bull December 11 rest of Axis powers declare war on US
bull Beginning of 1942-Axis powers at their height of control
EUROPEAN SUCCESS
Distrustful Allies
bull Stalin Churchill and FDR distrust each other ndash Stalin fearful Churchill
and FDR deliberately delaying the beginning of Western Front war to weaken Communism
ndash Roosevelt leery Churchill will want to expand British Imperial power
The Side Effects of Total War
bull Allies began Total War (meaning) ndash Men drafted to war ndash Propaganda
bull Posters news broadcasts everything showed the evils of Japanese and Germans Rosie the Riveter pics urged women into factories
ndash Effects ndash Women urged to do their part by
kicking off their dresses and working in factories building war materials
ndash Rationing of food and war materials ndash 1942 Japanese Americans lost their jobs
property and rights by being interned in camps because of fear they were loyal to Japan
bull Began attack in Northern Africa ndash Forced surrender of
Axis army in Northern Africa in May 1943
ndash Staging ground for invasion of Italy
bull Invaded Italy in July 1943
bull Defeated Mussolini by August 1943 ndash Mussolini overthrown
bull Germany weakened by having to fight Allies in Italy to save Mussolini
Northern Africa to Italy
Aug 1942 Battle of Stalingrad
bull 1942 Hitler still stalled outside Leningrad switch to oil rich Stalingrad in the South ndash Germans surrounded
city ndash Soviets from North
surrounded Germans ndash Fought street by street
house by house bull Early 1943 Germans
surrendered and were pushed out of USSR by Aug 1944
D-Day
bull 1944 US General Eisenhower prepared to open second European Front ndash Bombed German factories
cities and aircraft to weaken army
bull June 6 1944 Paratroopers dropped into France at dawn soldiers stormed the beaches of Normandy France others entered through Italy French resisted from inside Paris
bull All of France free by September 1944
Hitler‟s Last Stand
bull Battle of the Bulge Dec 1944- Battle in Ardennes Mts Of Belgium ndash Offensive by Germans to
split the Allied army in half ndash Initially successful but
Allies prevailed pushing into Germany bull April 1945 Americans meet
Soviets at Elbe River bull Mussolini assassinated Hitler
committed suicide and European conflict officially over on VE Day May 8 1945 (Victory in Europe)
WAR IN THE PACIFIC
Bataan Death March
bull May 1942 Japan takes
control of US Phillipines ndash Forced 75000 American
soldiers and Filipino
civilians on a 68 mile
march to remove the
enemy forces from areas
around their next area of
attack bull Starved beaten tortured
murdered
Island Hopping Campaign bull General McArthur
successful at The Battle of Midway in June 1942 ndash Began hopping from
Island to Island retaking Japanese controlled lands
bull British fighting in Burma and Malaya staged from which colony ndash McArthur had vowed to
return to help Philippines Oct 1944 kept promise
Gloom in the Pacific
bull 1945 war in Europe over
all resources into Pacific
but Japan still strong and ndash Japanese began Kamikaze
missions (which are)
ndash Japanese fought to the
death rather than surrender
at Iwo Jima and Okinawa
bull Success seemed far way
The Allies Choice
bull Planned an invasion of Japan but fearful of Allied casualties
bull July 1945 International group of scientists completed the Manhattan Project successfully testing an atomic bomb in what State
bull President Harry Truman (what happened to FDR) gives Emperor Hirohito an ultimatum surrender or face ldquoutter and complete destructionrdquo-Japan ignores
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
bull August 6 1945-Atomic bomb instantly kills 70000 Japanese citizens Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 8 1945-Soviets declare war and invade Manchuria Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 9 1945-US bomb Nagasaki- atomic bomb instantly kills 40000 Japanese
bull August 10th Hirohito forces Japanese military to surrender officially ending the war in September
Atomic Bomb Debate
bull Should the US have dropped the bombs
Why or Why not ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against the use
of atomic bombs to end WWII
ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against keeping
or destroying all atomic bombs now
Effects of the War
bull Mass Casualties ndash 75 million people total
bull 22 million in the Soviet Union alone (most)
bull Nuremberg Trials ndash Axis powers tried for
Crimes against humanity bull 142 Germans and
Austrians (many Nazi leaders) tried and sentenced to death for their associations with the Holocaust
bull Similar trials in Japan for what actions
ndash Served to show military could be held responsible for their actions exposed the horrors of fascists and dictators hoping to secure a place for democracy
Holocaust Facts
bull 6 million Jews 4 million more gypsies Slavic peoples homosexuals or physically handicapped systematically killed
bull Millions more enslaved in work camps used for medical experiments
bull Jews and others fought back ndash Destroyed gas
chambers ndash Hid Jewish people ndash Denmark and Bulgaria
managed to save almost their entire Jewish population
Denmark‟s Jews
bull Niels Bohr (Danish physicist contracted to work on The Manhattan Project in US) snuck out of Denmark to Neutral Sweden for safe passage to US when arrived in Sweden refused to leave to the US until they agreed to offer asylum to all the Danish Jews All Jews were quietly snuck out of Denmark with the help of the failing Danish government and ordinary citizens who had been hiding them during the German occupation
United Nations
bull April 1945 50 nations created the UN Charter in San Francisco
bull 5 permanent members of the Security Council US Britain France Soviet Union (now Russia) and China ndash Can veto the decisions of the others-all must agree in order
to take action often a weakness for the organization bull Dedicated to keeping World Peace through international
peace keeping missions ndash Work towards strengthening education preventing disease
poverty and hunger bull Relies upon local governments for coordination-often
leading to inefficiencies when the governments are the ones creating the problems
Extra Credit Assignment
bull Pretend you are President Harry Truman trying to convince the US Congress to allow the US the join the United Nations since they wanted to stay out of the League of Nations years previously Write a 12 sentence speech convincing Congress to join using what you have learned from WWII and create a propaganda poster to support your speech
bull Due the Day we return from Christmas Break-Will replace a quiz grade with a 100 if done well
Hitler‟s Democratic Take-over bull What 2 main circumstances in Germany played into Hitlerrsquos rise
bull Promised to end reparations create jobs and arm Germany for the
future
bull Nazis gained more and more legislative seats
bull By the democratic process Hitler elected Chancellor (leader) in 1933
bull Took 1 year to suspend civil rights and disbanded all opposing
political parties executing any party members he believed were
disloyal (speech)
Hitler‟s Third Reich
bull Why the Third Reich bull Totalitarianism
ndash Power by what means bull Economic
ndash Public Works programs (which are) bull Highways trains housing bull Rebuilt industry through arms
development bull Employment soaredhellipthe people
cheered
bull Social Policy ndash Hitler Youth indoctrinated with
racism and absolute loyalty ndash Censorship toward pure German
Society (burned books propaganda) ndash Pure Aryan women rewarded for
having babies turned away from universities and upper level positions
Cultural Purge
bull Churches Close ndash Hitler Christianity
ldquoweakrdquo ndash All Protestant
faiths combined into a state church indoctrinating Aryan superiority
ndash Some Catholic churches closed if spoke out against Nazi regime
Nuremberg Laws 1935
bull Laws stated Jewish people could NOT
bull Marry non Jews
bull Attend or teach in German
schools
bull Hold Government positions
bull Practice Law or Medicine
bull Publish Books
bull Urged the unprovoked
beatings of Jewish people in public ndash Effect many German Jews like Albert Einstein fled
Night of the Broken Glass ldquoKristallnachtrdquo
bull November 7 1938 a young Jew who had watched his parents be mistreated in Germany shot a German diplomat in Paris ndash From article Specifically
why was Grynszpan mad ndash Goebbels and Hitler want
who to rise up and attack the Jewish people Did this happen Who did
bull Hitler reacted by attacking Jewish communities (called) ndash Destroyed buildings burned
synagogues and dragged Jewish people into the street for public beatings
World Reaction
bull World swiftly and negatively reacted to The Night of the Broken Glass
bull Hitlerrsquos response ndash Make the Jewish people
pay for the damage ndash Increase his campaign by
forcing them into concentration camps (what are these)
ndash Began plotting his ldquofinal solutionrdquo (which was)
ldquoWork makes one Freerdquo
bull ldquoThe Nazis came first for the Communists But I wasnrsquot Communist so I didnrsquot speak up Then they came for the Jews but I wasnrsquot a Jew so I didnrsquot speak uphellipThen they came for the unionists but I was a Protestant so I didnrsquot speak up Then they came for me By that time there was no one left to speak uprdquo ndash Lutheran Minister Martin Niemoller
bull What lesson can be learned from this
Critical Thinking
bull Find 6 similarities between the Totalitarian
States of the USSR Italy and Germany
APPEASING THE ENEMY
Policy of Appeasement 1936 bull Appeasement Giving
into the demands of aggressors in order to keep peace ndash West did everything from
weak sanctions to ignoring aggressive behavior to avoid War bull Italy invaded Ethiopia
1935 ndash League of Nations (whorsquos
involved) passed economic sanctions but couldnrsquot enforce them
bull 1936 Germans invaded the Rhineland (demilitarized no manrsquos land protecting France from Germany)
ndash France and Britain turn a blinds eye
ndash WHY
1935 US Passes Neutrality Acts
bull Neutrality Acts ndash US will not do the
following with
countries at war bull Sell arms
bull Loan money
bull Have Americans
travel on their ships
(why)
1936 The Axis of ldquoEvilrdquo
bull Germany Italy and
Japan form an
alliance to ldquoend
communismrdquo ndash Really an
agreement to NOT
stop each other
from expanding
1936 Spain falls to Fascist Franco with Nazi Germany‟s help
bull Germany bombs Guernica Spain as a dress rehearsal for their new war planes- 1600 innocent civilians were killed
A neutral Europe
bull On your map choose a color for countries that remained as neutral as humanly possible in this case Color and label the following (Good practice for the Map Quiz tomorrow) ndash Switzerland ndash Sweden ndash Republic of Ireland ndash Portugal ndash Spain
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Germany
ndash Italy
ndash Northern Africa
German Expansion
bull What were Hitlerrsquos goals ndash Unite Germans
everywhere ndash Create more living
space bull 1st Move 1938 Annex
Austria his birthplace (easily fell Europe did nothing)
bull 2nd Move 1938 Demand the annexation of the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia which was home to mostly Germans
ndash Munich Conference-Germany ldquopromisedrdquo to not invade any more land so Britain and France persuaded Czechs to surrender the territory
bull Soon to be Prime Minister of Great Britain (1940) Winston Churchill said of the decision ndash ldquoThey had to
chose between war or dishonor They chose dishonor they will have warrdquo
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Austria
ndash Czechoslovakia (Find Czech Republic and
Slovakia) Color them both in
Assignment bull Create your own political cartoon that
expresses the effects of Appeasement and Neutrality upon Europe ndash Create a Catchy Title and Write it on the Top
line in Marker ndash Draw the Picture in the box and COLOR and or
use BLACK MARKER to outline any pencil markshellipyou will not be graded on your drawing ability but you will be graded on your creativity use of historical information neatness overall effort and your ability to stay on task
ndash Sign the bottom
Nazi-Soviet Pact 1939
bull August nonaggression pact between Germany and Soviet Union signed ndash Would not fight if the
other went to war ndash Divide Poland and
Eastern Europe between them bull Soviets reason Gain
territory and time to build arms
bull Germany free to take Poland avoid a two front war (why)
The Poland Promise
bull Hitler didnrsquot stop at the Sudetenland and took more and more of Czechoslovakia
bull Britain and France accepted the failure of appeasement and promised to protect Poland Germany obvious next move ndash September 1939 Nazirsquos invade
Poland and Britain and France honor their agreement declaring war on Germany
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries that are Axis Controlled Color and label the following ndash Poland ndash Yugoslavia (Find Serbia color it all in) ndash Romania ndash Hungary ndash Bulgaria ndash Greece ndash Albania
THE BEGINNINGS OF WWII EARLY AXIS ACHIEVEMENTS
Nazi Blitzkrieg
bull Blitzkrieg ldquoLightning Warrdquo ndash German strategy to
do a series of quick constant attacks to keep the enemy from easily responding bull Easily took Norway
Denmark Netherlands Belgium sites set on France
The Fall of France
bull British troops were evacuated bull German Attacked from the
North bull Italy from the South bull Outnumbered and
demoralized France Falls ndash June 1940 forced to
surrender in the same place Germany was forced to sign the Treaty of Versailles
ndash French officers including Charles de Gaulle escaped to Britain to plan liberation
ndash French continued guerrilla warfare against the Axis powers
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Denmark
ndash Norway
ndash Netherlands
ndash Belgium
ndash France
Operation Sea Lion
bull Battle of Britain-Failure of the Blitz ndash Winston Churchill ldquoWe
shall never surrenderrdquo ndash August 1940 first bombs
by German plains bull 57 Day campaign of
bombing London bull People defiantly
continued their lives 15000 people lost their lives Parliament still met King and Queen went to bomb shelters with citizens
ndash May 1941 Hitler calls it a failure and calls a new strategy
Operation Barbarossa History Repeats itself
bull June 1941 Turned sites on Soviet Union ndash Caught Stalin off guard
leading to the death of 2 frac12 million soldiers in 6 months (Why) bull Nazi-Soviet Pact bull Many top officers assassinated
during Stalinrsquos purge ndash Soviets turned to burning
crops and animals destroying cities to avoid Germans taking them bull Called bull Scorched Earth Policy bull So also like Napoleon what
happens when winter comes
Siege of Leningrad lasts 2 frac12 years bull Millions die of hunger Britain reemerges to help
Soviets with creating a 2 Front War on Germany
US‟s 1941 1 Sided Neutrality
bull Lend-Lease Act FDR can lend war materials to any country whose defense the president thinks is vital to keeping the US safe ndash ldquoArsenal of democracyrdquo lend arms to those fighting for freedom ndash Meaning who in this war
bull Atlantic Charter secret meeting between Churchill and FDR- destroy Nazis people right to chose how they are governed
ldquoA Date which will remain in infamyrdquo
bull Japan is creating a growing Pacific Empire
bull Under Atlantic Charter US stops providing war materials to JapanhellipWhy
bull Japan mad-General Tojo orders attacks on American Military Fleet in Pearl Harbor
bull December 7 1941 declares war on Japan
bull December 11 rest of Axis powers declare war on US
bull Beginning of 1942-Axis powers at their height of control
EUROPEAN SUCCESS
Distrustful Allies
bull Stalin Churchill and FDR distrust each other ndash Stalin fearful Churchill
and FDR deliberately delaying the beginning of Western Front war to weaken Communism
ndash Roosevelt leery Churchill will want to expand British Imperial power
The Side Effects of Total War
bull Allies began Total War (meaning) ndash Men drafted to war ndash Propaganda
bull Posters news broadcasts everything showed the evils of Japanese and Germans Rosie the Riveter pics urged women into factories
ndash Effects ndash Women urged to do their part by
kicking off their dresses and working in factories building war materials
ndash Rationing of food and war materials ndash 1942 Japanese Americans lost their jobs
property and rights by being interned in camps because of fear they were loyal to Japan
bull Began attack in Northern Africa ndash Forced surrender of
Axis army in Northern Africa in May 1943
ndash Staging ground for invasion of Italy
bull Invaded Italy in July 1943
bull Defeated Mussolini by August 1943 ndash Mussolini overthrown
bull Germany weakened by having to fight Allies in Italy to save Mussolini
Northern Africa to Italy
Aug 1942 Battle of Stalingrad
bull 1942 Hitler still stalled outside Leningrad switch to oil rich Stalingrad in the South ndash Germans surrounded
city ndash Soviets from North
surrounded Germans ndash Fought street by street
house by house bull Early 1943 Germans
surrendered and were pushed out of USSR by Aug 1944
D-Day
bull 1944 US General Eisenhower prepared to open second European Front ndash Bombed German factories
cities and aircraft to weaken army
bull June 6 1944 Paratroopers dropped into France at dawn soldiers stormed the beaches of Normandy France others entered through Italy French resisted from inside Paris
bull All of France free by September 1944
Hitler‟s Last Stand
bull Battle of the Bulge Dec 1944- Battle in Ardennes Mts Of Belgium ndash Offensive by Germans to
split the Allied army in half ndash Initially successful but
Allies prevailed pushing into Germany bull April 1945 Americans meet
Soviets at Elbe River bull Mussolini assassinated Hitler
committed suicide and European conflict officially over on VE Day May 8 1945 (Victory in Europe)
WAR IN THE PACIFIC
Bataan Death March
bull May 1942 Japan takes
control of US Phillipines ndash Forced 75000 American
soldiers and Filipino
civilians on a 68 mile
march to remove the
enemy forces from areas
around their next area of
attack bull Starved beaten tortured
murdered
Island Hopping Campaign bull General McArthur
successful at The Battle of Midway in June 1942 ndash Began hopping from
Island to Island retaking Japanese controlled lands
bull British fighting in Burma and Malaya staged from which colony ndash McArthur had vowed to
return to help Philippines Oct 1944 kept promise
Gloom in the Pacific
bull 1945 war in Europe over
all resources into Pacific
but Japan still strong and ndash Japanese began Kamikaze
missions (which are)
ndash Japanese fought to the
death rather than surrender
at Iwo Jima and Okinawa
bull Success seemed far way
The Allies Choice
bull Planned an invasion of Japan but fearful of Allied casualties
bull July 1945 International group of scientists completed the Manhattan Project successfully testing an atomic bomb in what State
bull President Harry Truman (what happened to FDR) gives Emperor Hirohito an ultimatum surrender or face ldquoutter and complete destructionrdquo-Japan ignores
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
bull August 6 1945-Atomic bomb instantly kills 70000 Japanese citizens Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 8 1945-Soviets declare war and invade Manchuria Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 9 1945-US bomb Nagasaki- atomic bomb instantly kills 40000 Japanese
bull August 10th Hirohito forces Japanese military to surrender officially ending the war in September
Atomic Bomb Debate
bull Should the US have dropped the bombs
Why or Why not ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against the use
of atomic bombs to end WWII
ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against keeping
or destroying all atomic bombs now
Effects of the War
bull Mass Casualties ndash 75 million people total
bull 22 million in the Soviet Union alone (most)
bull Nuremberg Trials ndash Axis powers tried for
Crimes against humanity bull 142 Germans and
Austrians (many Nazi leaders) tried and sentenced to death for their associations with the Holocaust
bull Similar trials in Japan for what actions
ndash Served to show military could be held responsible for their actions exposed the horrors of fascists and dictators hoping to secure a place for democracy
Holocaust Facts
bull 6 million Jews 4 million more gypsies Slavic peoples homosexuals or physically handicapped systematically killed
bull Millions more enslaved in work camps used for medical experiments
bull Jews and others fought back ndash Destroyed gas
chambers ndash Hid Jewish people ndash Denmark and Bulgaria
managed to save almost their entire Jewish population
Denmark‟s Jews
bull Niels Bohr (Danish physicist contracted to work on The Manhattan Project in US) snuck out of Denmark to Neutral Sweden for safe passage to US when arrived in Sweden refused to leave to the US until they agreed to offer asylum to all the Danish Jews All Jews were quietly snuck out of Denmark with the help of the failing Danish government and ordinary citizens who had been hiding them during the German occupation
United Nations
bull April 1945 50 nations created the UN Charter in San Francisco
bull 5 permanent members of the Security Council US Britain France Soviet Union (now Russia) and China ndash Can veto the decisions of the others-all must agree in order
to take action often a weakness for the organization bull Dedicated to keeping World Peace through international
peace keeping missions ndash Work towards strengthening education preventing disease
poverty and hunger bull Relies upon local governments for coordination-often
leading to inefficiencies when the governments are the ones creating the problems
Extra Credit Assignment
bull Pretend you are President Harry Truman trying to convince the US Congress to allow the US the join the United Nations since they wanted to stay out of the League of Nations years previously Write a 12 sentence speech convincing Congress to join using what you have learned from WWII and create a propaganda poster to support your speech
bull Due the Day we return from Christmas Break-Will replace a quiz grade with a 100 if done well
Hitler‟s Third Reich
bull Why the Third Reich bull Totalitarianism
ndash Power by what means bull Economic
ndash Public Works programs (which are) bull Highways trains housing bull Rebuilt industry through arms
development bull Employment soaredhellipthe people
cheered
bull Social Policy ndash Hitler Youth indoctrinated with
racism and absolute loyalty ndash Censorship toward pure German
Society (burned books propaganda) ndash Pure Aryan women rewarded for
having babies turned away from universities and upper level positions
Cultural Purge
bull Churches Close ndash Hitler Christianity
ldquoweakrdquo ndash All Protestant
faiths combined into a state church indoctrinating Aryan superiority
ndash Some Catholic churches closed if spoke out against Nazi regime
Nuremberg Laws 1935
bull Laws stated Jewish people could NOT
bull Marry non Jews
bull Attend or teach in German
schools
bull Hold Government positions
bull Practice Law or Medicine
bull Publish Books
bull Urged the unprovoked
beatings of Jewish people in public ndash Effect many German Jews like Albert Einstein fled
Night of the Broken Glass ldquoKristallnachtrdquo
bull November 7 1938 a young Jew who had watched his parents be mistreated in Germany shot a German diplomat in Paris ndash From article Specifically
why was Grynszpan mad ndash Goebbels and Hitler want
who to rise up and attack the Jewish people Did this happen Who did
bull Hitler reacted by attacking Jewish communities (called) ndash Destroyed buildings burned
synagogues and dragged Jewish people into the street for public beatings
World Reaction
bull World swiftly and negatively reacted to The Night of the Broken Glass
bull Hitlerrsquos response ndash Make the Jewish people
pay for the damage ndash Increase his campaign by
forcing them into concentration camps (what are these)
ndash Began plotting his ldquofinal solutionrdquo (which was)
ldquoWork makes one Freerdquo
bull ldquoThe Nazis came first for the Communists But I wasnrsquot Communist so I didnrsquot speak up Then they came for the Jews but I wasnrsquot a Jew so I didnrsquot speak uphellipThen they came for the unionists but I was a Protestant so I didnrsquot speak up Then they came for me By that time there was no one left to speak uprdquo ndash Lutheran Minister Martin Niemoller
bull What lesson can be learned from this
Critical Thinking
bull Find 6 similarities between the Totalitarian
States of the USSR Italy and Germany
APPEASING THE ENEMY
Policy of Appeasement 1936 bull Appeasement Giving
into the demands of aggressors in order to keep peace ndash West did everything from
weak sanctions to ignoring aggressive behavior to avoid War bull Italy invaded Ethiopia
1935 ndash League of Nations (whorsquos
involved) passed economic sanctions but couldnrsquot enforce them
bull 1936 Germans invaded the Rhineland (demilitarized no manrsquos land protecting France from Germany)
ndash France and Britain turn a blinds eye
ndash WHY
1935 US Passes Neutrality Acts
bull Neutrality Acts ndash US will not do the
following with
countries at war bull Sell arms
bull Loan money
bull Have Americans
travel on their ships
(why)
1936 The Axis of ldquoEvilrdquo
bull Germany Italy and
Japan form an
alliance to ldquoend
communismrdquo ndash Really an
agreement to NOT
stop each other
from expanding
1936 Spain falls to Fascist Franco with Nazi Germany‟s help
bull Germany bombs Guernica Spain as a dress rehearsal for their new war planes- 1600 innocent civilians were killed
A neutral Europe
bull On your map choose a color for countries that remained as neutral as humanly possible in this case Color and label the following (Good practice for the Map Quiz tomorrow) ndash Switzerland ndash Sweden ndash Republic of Ireland ndash Portugal ndash Spain
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Germany
ndash Italy
ndash Northern Africa
German Expansion
bull What were Hitlerrsquos goals ndash Unite Germans
everywhere ndash Create more living
space bull 1st Move 1938 Annex
Austria his birthplace (easily fell Europe did nothing)
bull 2nd Move 1938 Demand the annexation of the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia which was home to mostly Germans
ndash Munich Conference-Germany ldquopromisedrdquo to not invade any more land so Britain and France persuaded Czechs to surrender the territory
bull Soon to be Prime Minister of Great Britain (1940) Winston Churchill said of the decision ndash ldquoThey had to
chose between war or dishonor They chose dishonor they will have warrdquo
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Austria
ndash Czechoslovakia (Find Czech Republic and
Slovakia) Color them both in
Assignment bull Create your own political cartoon that
expresses the effects of Appeasement and Neutrality upon Europe ndash Create a Catchy Title and Write it on the Top
line in Marker ndash Draw the Picture in the box and COLOR and or
use BLACK MARKER to outline any pencil markshellipyou will not be graded on your drawing ability but you will be graded on your creativity use of historical information neatness overall effort and your ability to stay on task
ndash Sign the bottom
Nazi-Soviet Pact 1939
bull August nonaggression pact between Germany and Soviet Union signed ndash Would not fight if the
other went to war ndash Divide Poland and
Eastern Europe between them bull Soviets reason Gain
territory and time to build arms
bull Germany free to take Poland avoid a two front war (why)
The Poland Promise
bull Hitler didnrsquot stop at the Sudetenland and took more and more of Czechoslovakia
bull Britain and France accepted the failure of appeasement and promised to protect Poland Germany obvious next move ndash September 1939 Nazirsquos invade
Poland and Britain and France honor their agreement declaring war on Germany
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries that are Axis Controlled Color and label the following ndash Poland ndash Yugoslavia (Find Serbia color it all in) ndash Romania ndash Hungary ndash Bulgaria ndash Greece ndash Albania
THE BEGINNINGS OF WWII EARLY AXIS ACHIEVEMENTS
Nazi Blitzkrieg
bull Blitzkrieg ldquoLightning Warrdquo ndash German strategy to
do a series of quick constant attacks to keep the enemy from easily responding bull Easily took Norway
Denmark Netherlands Belgium sites set on France
The Fall of France
bull British troops were evacuated bull German Attacked from the
North bull Italy from the South bull Outnumbered and
demoralized France Falls ndash June 1940 forced to
surrender in the same place Germany was forced to sign the Treaty of Versailles
ndash French officers including Charles de Gaulle escaped to Britain to plan liberation
ndash French continued guerrilla warfare against the Axis powers
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Denmark
ndash Norway
ndash Netherlands
ndash Belgium
ndash France
Operation Sea Lion
bull Battle of Britain-Failure of the Blitz ndash Winston Churchill ldquoWe
shall never surrenderrdquo ndash August 1940 first bombs
by German plains bull 57 Day campaign of
bombing London bull People defiantly
continued their lives 15000 people lost their lives Parliament still met King and Queen went to bomb shelters with citizens
ndash May 1941 Hitler calls it a failure and calls a new strategy
Operation Barbarossa History Repeats itself
bull June 1941 Turned sites on Soviet Union ndash Caught Stalin off guard
leading to the death of 2 frac12 million soldiers in 6 months (Why) bull Nazi-Soviet Pact bull Many top officers assassinated
during Stalinrsquos purge ndash Soviets turned to burning
crops and animals destroying cities to avoid Germans taking them bull Called bull Scorched Earth Policy bull So also like Napoleon what
happens when winter comes
Siege of Leningrad lasts 2 frac12 years bull Millions die of hunger Britain reemerges to help
Soviets with creating a 2 Front War on Germany
US‟s 1941 1 Sided Neutrality
bull Lend-Lease Act FDR can lend war materials to any country whose defense the president thinks is vital to keeping the US safe ndash ldquoArsenal of democracyrdquo lend arms to those fighting for freedom ndash Meaning who in this war
bull Atlantic Charter secret meeting between Churchill and FDR- destroy Nazis people right to chose how they are governed
ldquoA Date which will remain in infamyrdquo
bull Japan is creating a growing Pacific Empire
bull Under Atlantic Charter US stops providing war materials to JapanhellipWhy
bull Japan mad-General Tojo orders attacks on American Military Fleet in Pearl Harbor
bull December 7 1941 declares war on Japan
bull December 11 rest of Axis powers declare war on US
bull Beginning of 1942-Axis powers at their height of control
EUROPEAN SUCCESS
Distrustful Allies
bull Stalin Churchill and FDR distrust each other ndash Stalin fearful Churchill
and FDR deliberately delaying the beginning of Western Front war to weaken Communism
ndash Roosevelt leery Churchill will want to expand British Imperial power
The Side Effects of Total War
bull Allies began Total War (meaning) ndash Men drafted to war ndash Propaganda
bull Posters news broadcasts everything showed the evils of Japanese and Germans Rosie the Riveter pics urged women into factories
ndash Effects ndash Women urged to do their part by
kicking off their dresses and working in factories building war materials
ndash Rationing of food and war materials ndash 1942 Japanese Americans lost their jobs
property and rights by being interned in camps because of fear they were loyal to Japan
bull Began attack in Northern Africa ndash Forced surrender of
Axis army in Northern Africa in May 1943
ndash Staging ground for invasion of Italy
bull Invaded Italy in July 1943
bull Defeated Mussolini by August 1943 ndash Mussolini overthrown
bull Germany weakened by having to fight Allies in Italy to save Mussolini
Northern Africa to Italy
Aug 1942 Battle of Stalingrad
bull 1942 Hitler still stalled outside Leningrad switch to oil rich Stalingrad in the South ndash Germans surrounded
city ndash Soviets from North
surrounded Germans ndash Fought street by street
house by house bull Early 1943 Germans
surrendered and were pushed out of USSR by Aug 1944
D-Day
bull 1944 US General Eisenhower prepared to open second European Front ndash Bombed German factories
cities and aircraft to weaken army
bull June 6 1944 Paratroopers dropped into France at dawn soldiers stormed the beaches of Normandy France others entered through Italy French resisted from inside Paris
bull All of France free by September 1944
Hitler‟s Last Stand
bull Battle of the Bulge Dec 1944- Battle in Ardennes Mts Of Belgium ndash Offensive by Germans to
split the Allied army in half ndash Initially successful but
Allies prevailed pushing into Germany bull April 1945 Americans meet
Soviets at Elbe River bull Mussolini assassinated Hitler
committed suicide and European conflict officially over on VE Day May 8 1945 (Victory in Europe)
WAR IN THE PACIFIC
Bataan Death March
bull May 1942 Japan takes
control of US Phillipines ndash Forced 75000 American
soldiers and Filipino
civilians on a 68 mile
march to remove the
enemy forces from areas
around their next area of
attack bull Starved beaten tortured
murdered
Island Hopping Campaign bull General McArthur
successful at The Battle of Midway in June 1942 ndash Began hopping from
Island to Island retaking Japanese controlled lands
bull British fighting in Burma and Malaya staged from which colony ndash McArthur had vowed to
return to help Philippines Oct 1944 kept promise
Gloom in the Pacific
bull 1945 war in Europe over
all resources into Pacific
but Japan still strong and ndash Japanese began Kamikaze
missions (which are)
ndash Japanese fought to the
death rather than surrender
at Iwo Jima and Okinawa
bull Success seemed far way
The Allies Choice
bull Planned an invasion of Japan but fearful of Allied casualties
bull July 1945 International group of scientists completed the Manhattan Project successfully testing an atomic bomb in what State
bull President Harry Truman (what happened to FDR) gives Emperor Hirohito an ultimatum surrender or face ldquoutter and complete destructionrdquo-Japan ignores
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
bull August 6 1945-Atomic bomb instantly kills 70000 Japanese citizens Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 8 1945-Soviets declare war and invade Manchuria Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 9 1945-US bomb Nagasaki- atomic bomb instantly kills 40000 Japanese
bull August 10th Hirohito forces Japanese military to surrender officially ending the war in September
Atomic Bomb Debate
bull Should the US have dropped the bombs
Why or Why not ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against the use
of atomic bombs to end WWII
ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against keeping
or destroying all atomic bombs now
Effects of the War
bull Mass Casualties ndash 75 million people total
bull 22 million in the Soviet Union alone (most)
bull Nuremberg Trials ndash Axis powers tried for
Crimes against humanity bull 142 Germans and
Austrians (many Nazi leaders) tried and sentenced to death for their associations with the Holocaust
bull Similar trials in Japan for what actions
ndash Served to show military could be held responsible for their actions exposed the horrors of fascists and dictators hoping to secure a place for democracy
Holocaust Facts
bull 6 million Jews 4 million more gypsies Slavic peoples homosexuals or physically handicapped systematically killed
bull Millions more enslaved in work camps used for medical experiments
bull Jews and others fought back ndash Destroyed gas
chambers ndash Hid Jewish people ndash Denmark and Bulgaria
managed to save almost their entire Jewish population
Denmark‟s Jews
bull Niels Bohr (Danish physicist contracted to work on The Manhattan Project in US) snuck out of Denmark to Neutral Sweden for safe passage to US when arrived in Sweden refused to leave to the US until they agreed to offer asylum to all the Danish Jews All Jews were quietly snuck out of Denmark with the help of the failing Danish government and ordinary citizens who had been hiding them during the German occupation
United Nations
bull April 1945 50 nations created the UN Charter in San Francisco
bull 5 permanent members of the Security Council US Britain France Soviet Union (now Russia) and China ndash Can veto the decisions of the others-all must agree in order
to take action often a weakness for the organization bull Dedicated to keeping World Peace through international
peace keeping missions ndash Work towards strengthening education preventing disease
poverty and hunger bull Relies upon local governments for coordination-often
leading to inefficiencies when the governments are the ones creating the problems
Extra Credit Assignment
bull Pretend you are President Harry Truman trying to convince the US Congress to allow the US the join the United Nations since they wanted to stay out of the League of Nations years previously Write a 12 sentence speech convincing Congress to join using what you have learned from WWII and create a propaganda poster to support your speech
bull Due the Day we return from Christmas Break-Will replace a quiz grade with a 100 if done well
Cultural Purge
bull Churches Close ndash Hitler Christianity
ldquoweakrdquo ndash All Protestant
faiths combined into a state church indoctrinating Aryan superiority
ndash Some Catholic churches closed if spoke out against Nazi regime
Nuremberg Laws 1935
bull Laws stated Jewish people could NOT
bull Marry non Jews
bull Attend or teach in German
schools
bull Hold Government positions
bull Practice Law or Medicine
bull Publish Books
bull Urged the unprovoked
beatings of Jewish people in public ndash Effect many German Jews like Albert Einstein fled
Night of the Broken Glass ldquoKristallnachtrdquo
bull November 7 1938 a young Jew who had watched his parents be mistreated in Germany shot a German diplomat in Paris ndash From article Specifically
why was Grynszpan mad ndash Goebbels and Hitler want
who to rise up and attack the Jewish people Did this happen Who did
bull Hitler reacted by attacking Jewish communities (called) ndash Destroyed buildings burned
synagogues and dragged Jewish people into the street for public beatings
World Reaction
bull World swiftly and negatively reacted to The Night of the Broken Glass
bull Hitlerrsquos response ndash Make the Jewish people
pay for the damage ndash Increase his campaign by
forcing them into concentration camps (what are these)
ndash Began plotting his ldquofinal solutionrdquo (which was)
ldquoWork makes one Freerdquo
bull ldquoThe Nazis came first for the Communists But I wasnrsquot Communist so I didnrsquot speak up Then they came for the Jews but I wasnrsquot a Jew so I didnrsquot speak uphellipThen they came for the unionists but I was a Protestant so I didnrsquot speak up Then they came for me By that time there was no one left to speak uprdquo ndash Lutheran Minister Martin Niemoller
bull What lesson can be learned from this
Critical Thinking
bull Find 6 similarities between the Totalitarian
States of the USSR Italy and Germany
APPEASING THE ENEMY
Policy of Appeasement 1936 bull Appeasement Giving
into the demands of aggressors in order to keep peace ndash West did everything from
weak sanctions to ignoring aggressive behavior to avoid War bull Italy invaded Ethiopia
1935 ndash League of Nations (whorsquos
involved) passed economic sanctions but couldnrsquot enforce them
bull 1936 Germans invaded the Rhineland (demilitarized no manrsquos land protecting France from Germany)
ndash France and Britain turn a blinds eye
ndash WHY
1935 US Passes Neutrality Acts
bull Neutrality Acts ndash US will not do the
following with
countries at war bull Sell arms
bull Loan money
bull Have Americans
travel on their ships
(why)
1936 The Axis of ldquoEvilrdquo
bull Germany Italy and
Japan form an
alliance to ldquoend
communismrdquo ndash Really an
agreement to NOT
stop each other
from expanding
1936 Spain falls to Fascist Franco with Nazi Germany‟s help
bull Germany bombs Guernica Spain as a dress rehearsal for their new war planes- 1600 innocent civilians were killed
A neutral Europe
bull On your map choose a color for countries that remained as neutral as humanly possible in this case Color and label the following (Good practice for the Map Quiz tomorrow) ndash Switzerland ndash Sweden ndash Republic of Ireland ndash Portugal ndash Spain
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Germany
ndash Italy
ndash Northern Africa
German Expansion
bull What were Hitlerrsquos goals ndash Unite Germans
everywhere ndash Create more living
space bull 1st Move 1938 Annex
Austria his birthplace (easily fell Europe did nothing)
bull 2nd Move 1938 Demand the annexation of the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia which was home to mostly Germans
ndash Munich Conference-Germany ldquopromisedrdquo to not invade any more land so Britain and France persuaded Czechs to surrender the territory
bull Soon to be Prime Minister of Great Britain (1940) Winston Churchill said of the decision ndash ldquoThey had to
chose between war or dishonor They chose dishonor they will have warrdquo
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Austria
ndash Czechoslovakia (Find Czech Republic and
Slovakia) Color them both in
Assignment bull Create your own political cartoon that
expresses the effects of Appeasement and Neutrality upon Europe ndash Create a Catchy Title and Write it on the Top
line in Marker ndash Draw the Picture in the box and COLOR and or
use BLACK MARKER to outline any pencil markshellipyou will not be graded on your drawing ability but you will be graded on your creativity use of historical information neatness overall effort and your ability to stay on task
ndash Sign the bottom
Nazi-Soviet Pact 1939
bull August nonaggression pact between Germany and Soviet Union signed ndash Would not fight if the
other went to war ndash Divide Poland and
Eastern Europe between them bull Soviets reason Gain
territory and time to build arms
bull Germany free to take Poland avoid a two front war (why)
The Poland Promise
bull Hitler didnrsquot stop at the Sudetenland and took more and more of Czechoslovakia
bull Britain and France accepted the failure of appeasement and promised to protect Poland Germany obvious next move ndash September 1939 Nazirsquos invade
Poland and Britain and France honor their agreement declaring war on Germany
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries that are Axis Controlled Color and label the following ndash Poland ndash Yugoslavia (Find Serbia color it all in) ndash Romania ndash Hungary ndash Bulgaria ndash Greece ndash Albania
THE BEGINNINGS OF WWII EARLY AXIS ACHIEVEMENTS
Nazi Blitzkrieg
bull Blitzkrieg ldquoLightning Warrdquo ndash German strategy to
do a series of quick constant attacks to keep the enemy from easily responding bull Easily took Norway
Denmark Netherlands Belgium sites set on France
The Fall of France
bull British troops were evacuated bull German Attacked from the
North bull Italy from the South bull Outnumbered and
demoralized France Falls ndash June 1940 forced to
surrender in the same place Germany was forced to sign the Treaty of Versailles
ndash French officers including Charles de Gaulle escaped to Britain to plan liberation
ndash French continued guerrilla warfare against the Axis powers
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Denmark
ndash Norway
ndash Netherlands
ndash Belgium
ndash France
Operation Sea Lion
bull Battle of Britain-Failure of the Blitz ndash Winston Churchill ldquoWe
shall never surrenderrdquo ndash August 1940 first bombs
by German plains bull 57 Day campaign of
bombing London bull People defiantly
continued their lives 15000 people lost their lives Parliament still met King and Queen went to bomb shelters with citizens
ndash May 1941 Hitler calls it a failure and calls a new strategy
Operation Barbarossa History Repeats itself
bull June 1941 Turned sites on Soviet Union ndash Caught Stalin off guard
leading to the death of 2 frac12 million soldiers in 6 months (Why) bull Nazi-Soviet Pact bull Many top officers assassinated
during Stalinrsquos purge ndash Soviets turned to burning
crops and animals destroying cities to avoid Germans taking them bull Called bull Scorched Earth Policy bull So also like Napoleon what
happens when winter comes
Siege of Leningrad lasts 2 frac12 years bull Millions die of hunger Britain reemerges to help
Soviets with creating a 2 Front War on Germany
US‟s 1941 1 Sided Neutrality
bull Lend-Lease Act FDR can lend war materials to any country whose defense the president thinks is vital to keeping the US safe ndash ldquoArsenal of democracyrdquo lend arms to those fighting for freedom ndash Meaning who in this war
bull Atlantic Charter secret meeting between Churchill and FDR- destroy Nazis people right to chose how they are governed
ldquoA Date which will remain in infamyrdquo
bull Japan is creating a growing Pacific Empire
bull Under Atlantic Charter US stops providing war materials to JapanhellipWhy
bull Japan mad-General Tojo orders attacks on American Military Fleet in Pearl Harbor
bull December 7 1941 declares war on Japan
bull December 11 rest of Axis powers declare war on US
bull Beginning of 1942-Axis powers at their height of control
EUROPEAN SUCCESS
Distrustful Allies
bull Stalin Churchill and FDR distrust each other ndash Stalin fearful Churchill
and FDR deliberately delaying the beginning of Western Front war to weaken Communism
ndash Roosevelt leery Churchill will want to expand British Imperial power
The Side Effects of Total War
bull Allies began Total War (meaning) ndash Men drafted to war ndash Propaganda
bull Posters news broadcasts everything showed the evils of Japanese and Germans Rosie the Riveter pics urged women into factories
ndash Effects ndash Women urged to do their part by
kicking off their dresses and working in factories building war materials
ndash Rationing of food and war materials ndash 1942 Japanese Americans lost their jobs
property and rights by being interned in camps because of fear they were loyal to Japan
bull Began attack in Northern Africa ndash Forced surrender of
Axis army in Northern Africa in May 1943
ndash Staging ground for invasion of Italy
bull Invaded Italy in July 1943
bull Defeated Mussolini by August 1943 ndash Mussolini overthrown
bull Germany weakened by having to fight Allies in Italy to save Mussolini
Northern Africa to Italy
Aug 1942 Battle of Stalingrad
bull 1942 Hitler still stalled outside Leningrad switch to oil rich Stalingrad in the South ndash Germans surrounded
city ndash Soviets from North
surrounded Germans ndash Fought street by street
house by house bull Early 1943 Germans
surrendered and were pushed out of USSR by Aug 1944
D-Day
bull 1944 US General Eisenhower prepared to open second European Front ndash Bombed German factories
cities and aircraft to weaken army
bull June 6 1944 Paratroopers dropped into France at dawn soldiers stormed the beaches of Normandy France others entered through Italy French resisted from inside Paris
bull All of France free by September 1944
Hitler‟s Last Stand
bull Battle of the Bulge Dec 1944- Battle in Ardennes Mts Of Belgium ndash Offensive by Germans to
split the Allied army in half ndash Initially successful but
Allies prevailed pushing into Germany bull April 1945 Americans meet
Soviets at Elbe River bull Mussolini assassinated Hitler
committed suicide and European conflict officially over on VE Day May 8 1945 (Victory in Europe)
WAR IN THE PACIFIC
Bataan Death March
bull May 1942 Japan takes
control of US Phillipines ndash Forced 75000 American
soldiers and Filipino
civilians on a 68 mile
march to remove the
enemy forces from areas
around their next area of
attack bull Starved beaten tortured
murdered
Island Hopping Campaign bull General McArthur
successful at The Battle of Midway in June 1942 ndash Began hopping from
Island to Island retaking Japanese controlled lands
bull British fighting in Burma and Malaya staged from which colony ndash McArthur had vowed to
return to help Philippines Oct 1944 kept promise
Gloom in the Pacific
bull 1945 war in Europe over
all resources into Pacific
but Japan still strong and ndash Japanese began Kamikaze
missions (which are)
ndash Japanese fought to the
death rather than surrender
at Iwo Jima and Okinawa
bull Success seemed far way
The Allies Choice
bull Planned an invasion of Japan but fearful of Allied casualties
bull July 1945 International group of scientists completed the Manhattan Project successfully testing an atomic bomb in what State
bull President Harry Truman (what happened to FDR) gives Emperor Hirohito an ultimatum surrender or face ldquoutter and complete destructionrdquo-Japan ignores
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
bull August 6 1945-Atomic bomb instantly kills 70000 Japanese citizens Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 8 1945-Soviets declare war and invade Manchuria Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 9 1945-US bomb Nagasaki- atomic bomb instantly kills 40000 Japanese
bull August 10th Hirohito forces Japanese military to surrender officially ending the war in September
Atomic Bomb Debate
bull Should the US have dropped the bombs
Why or Why not ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against the use
of atomic bombs to end WWII
ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against keeping
or destroying all atomic bombs now
Effects of the War
bull Mass Casualties ndash 75 million people total
bull 22 million in the Soviet Union alone (most)
bull Nuremberg Trials ndash Axis powers tried for
Crimes against humanity bull 142 Germans and
Austrians (many Nazi leaders) tried and sentenced to death for their associations with the Holocaust
bull Similar trials in Japan for what actions
ndash Served to show military could be held responsible for their actions exposed the horrors of fascists and dictators hoping to secure a place for democracy
Holocaust Facts
bull 6 million Jews 4 million more gypsies Slavic peoples homosexuals or physically handicapped systematically killed
bull Millions more enslaved in work camps used for medical experiments
bull Jews and others fought back ndash Destroyed gas
chambers ndash Hid Jewish people ndash Denmark and Bulgaria
managed to save almost their entire Jewish population
Denmark‟s Jews
bull Niels Bohr (Danish physicist contracted to work on The Manhattan Project in US) snuck out of Denmark to Neutral Sweden for safe passage to US when arrived in Sweden refused to leave to the US until they agreed to offer asylum to all the Danish Jews All Jews were quietly snuck out of Denmark with the help of the failing Danish government and ordinary citizens who had been hiding them during the German occupation
United Nations
bull April 1945 50 nations created the UN Charter in San Francisco
bull 5 permanent members of the Security Council US Britain France Soviet Union (now Russia) and China ndash Can veto the decisions of the others-all must agree in order
to take action often a weakness for the organization bull Dedicated to keeping World Peace through international
peace keeping missions ndash Work towards strengthening education preventing disease
poverty and hunger bull Relies upon local governments for coordination-often
leading to inefficiencies when the governments are the ones creating the problems
Extra Credit Assignment
bull Pretend you are President Harry Truman trying to convince the US Congress to allow the US the join the United Nations since they wanted to stay out of the League of Nations years previously Write a 12 sentence speech convincing Congress to join using what you have learned from WWII and create a propaganda poster to support your speech
bull Due the Day we return from Christmas Break-Will replace a quiz grade with a 100 if done well
Nuremberg Laws 1935
bull Laws stated Jewish people could NOT
bull Marry non Jews
bull Attend or teach in German
schools
bull Hold Government positions
bull Practice Law or Medicine
bull Publish Books
bull Urged the unprovoked
beatings of Jewish people in public ndash Effect many German Jews like Albert Einstein fled
Night of the Broken Glass ldquoKristallnachtrdquo
bull November 7 1938 a young Jew who had watched his parents be mistreated in Germany shot a German diplomat in Paris ndash From article Specifically
why was Grynszpan mad ndash Goebbels and Hitler want
who to rise up and attack the Jewish people Did this happen Who did
bull Hitler reacted by attacking Jewish communities (called) ndash Destroyed buildings burned
synagogues and dragged Jewish people into the street for public beatings
World Reaction
bull World swiftly and negatively reacted to The Night of the Broken Glass
bull Hitlerrsquos response ndash Make the Jewish people
pay for the damage ndash Increase his campaign by
forcing them into concentration camps (what are these)
ndash Began plotting his ldquofinal solutionrdquo (which was)
ldquoWork makes one Freerdquo
bull ldquoThe Nazis came first for the Communists But I wasnrsquot Communist so I didnrsquot speak up Then they came for the Jews but I wasnrsquot a Jew so I didnrsquot speak uphellipThen they came for the unionists but I was a Protestant so I didnrsquot speak up Then they came for me By that time there was no one left to speak uprdquo ndash Lutheran Minister Martin Niemoller
bull What lesson can be learned from this
Critical Thinking
bull Find 6 similarities between the Totalitarian
States of the USSR Italy and Germany
APPEASING THE ENEMY
Policy of Appeasement 1936 bull Appeasement Giving
into the demands of aggressors in order to keep peace ndash West did everything from
weak sanctions to ignoring aggressive behavior to avoid War bull Italy invaded Ethiopia
1935 ndash League of Nations (whorsquos
involved) passed economic sanctions but couldnrsquot enforce them
bull 1936 Germans invaded the Rhineland (demilitarized no manrsquos land protecting France from Germany)
ndash France and Britain turn a blinds eye
ndash WHY
1935 US Passes Neutrality Acts
bull Neutrality Acts ndash US will not do the
following with
countries at war bull Sell arms
bull Loan money
bull Have Americans
travel on their ships
(why)
1936 The Axis of ldquoEvilrdquo
bull Germany Italy and
Japan form an
alliance to ldquoend
communismrdquo ndash Really an
agreement to NOT
stop each other
from expanding
1936 Spain falls to Fascist Franco with Nazi Germany‟s help
bull Germany bombs Guernica Spain as a dress rehearsal for their new war planes- 1600 innocent civilians were killed
A neutral Europe
bull On your map choose a color for countries that remained as neutral as humanly possible in this case Color and label the following (Good practice for the Map Quiz tomorrow) ndash Switzerland ndash Sweden ndash Republic of Ireland ndash Portugal ndash Spain
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Germany
ndash Italy
ndash Northern Africa
German Expansion
bull What were Hitlerrsquos goals ndash Unite Germans
everywhere ndash Create more living
space bull 1st Move 1938 Annex
Austria his birthplace (easily fell Europe did nothing)
bull 2nd Move 1938 Demand the annexation of the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia which was home to mostly Germans
ndash Munich Conference-Germany ldquopromisedrdquo to not invade any more land so Britain and France persuaded Czechs to surrender the territory
bull Soon to be Prime Minister of Great Britain (1940) Winston Churchill said of the decision ndash ldquoThey had to
chose between war or dishonor They chose dishonor they will have warrdquo
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Austria
ndash Czechoslovakia (Find Czech Republic and
Slovakia) Color them both in
Assignment bull Create your own political cartoon that
expresses the effects of Appeasement and Neutrality upon Europe ndash Create a Catchy Title and Write it on the Top
line in Marker ndash Draw the Picture in the box and COLOR and or
use BLACK MARKER to outline any pencil markshellipyou will not be graded on your drawing ability but you will be graded on your creativity use of historical information neatness overall effort and your ability to stay on task
ndash Sign the bottom
Nazi-Soviet Pact 1939
bull August nonaggression pact between Germany and Soviet Union signed ndash Would not fight if the
other went to war ndash Divide Poland and
Eastern Europe between them bull Soviets reason Gain
territory and time to build arms
bull Germany free to take Poland avoid a two front war (why)
The Poland Promise
bull Hitler didnrsquot stop at the Sudetenland and took more and more of Czechoslovakia
bull Britain and France accepted the failure of appeasement and promised to protect Poland Germany obvious next move ndash September 1939 Nazirsquos invade
Poland and Britain and France honor their agreement declaring war on Germany
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries that are Axis Controlled Color and label the following ndash Poland ndash Yugoslavia (Find Serbia color it all in) ndash Romania ndash Hungary ndash Bulgaria ndash Greece ndash Albania
THE BEGINNINGS OF WWII EARLY AXIS ACHIEVEMENTS
Nazi Blitzkrieg
bull Blitzkrieg ldquoLightning Warrdquo ndash German strategy to
do a series of quick constant attacks to keep the enemy from easily responding bull Easily took Norway
Denmark Netherlands Belgium sites set on France
The Fall of France
bull British troops were evacuated bull German Attacked from the
North bull Italy from the South bull Outnumbered and
demoralized France Falls ndash June 1940 forced to
surrender in the same place Germany was forced to sign the Treaty of Versailles
ndash French officers including Charles de Gaulle escaped to Britain to plan liberation
ndash French continued guerrilla warfare against the Axis powers
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Denmark
ndash Norway
ndash Netherlands
ndash Belgium
ndash France
Operation Sea Lion
bull Battle of Britain-Failure of the Blitz ndash Winston Churchill ldquoWe
shall never surrenderrdquo ndash August 1940 first bombs
by German plains bull 57 Day campaign of
bombing London bull People defiantly
continued their lives 15000 people lost their lives Parliament still met King and Queen went to bomb shelters with citizens
ndash May 1941 Hitler calls it a failure and calls a new strategy
Operation Barbarossa History Repeats itself
bull June 1941 Turned sites on Soviet Union ndash Caught Stalin off guard
leading to the death of 2 frac12 million soldiers in 6 months (Why) bull Nazi-Soviet Pact bull Many top officers assassinated
during Stalinrsquos purge ndash Soviets turned to burning
crops and animals destroying cities to avoid Germans taking them bull Called bull Scorched Earth Policy bull So also like Napoleon what
happens when winter comes
Siege of Leningrad lasts 2 frac12 years bull Millions die of hunger Britain reemerges to help
Soviets with creating a 2 Front War on Germany
US‟s 1941 1 Sided Neutrality
bull Lend-Lease Act FDR can lend war materials to any country whose defense the president thinks is vital to keeping the US safe ndash ldquoArsenal of democracyrdquo lend arms to those fighting for freedom ndash Meaning who in this war
bull Atlantic Charter secret meeting between Churchill and FDR- destroy Nazis people right to chose how they are governed
ldquoA Date which will remain in infamyrdquo
bull Japan is creating a growing Pacific Empire
bull Under Atlantic Charter US stops providing war materials to JapanhellipWhy
bull Japan mad-General Tojo orders attacks on American Military Fleet in Pearl Harbor
bull December 7 1941 declares war on Japan
bull December 11 rest of Axis powers declare war on US
bull Beginning of 1942-Axis powers at their height of control
EUROPEAN SUCCESS
Distrustful Allies
bull Stalin Churchill and FDR distrust each other ndash Stalin fearful Churchill
and FDR deliberately delaying the beginning of Western Front war to weaken Communism
ndash Roosevelt leery Churchill will want to expand British Imperial power
The Side Effects of Total War
bull Allies began Total War (meaning) ndash Men drafted to war ndash Propaganda
bull Posters news broadcasts everything showed the evils of Japanese and Germans Rosie the Riveter pics urged women into factories
ndash Effects ndash Women urged to do their part by
kicking off their dresses and working in factories building war materials
ndash Rationing of food and war materials ndash 1942 Japanese Americans lost their jobs
property and rights by being interned in camps because of fear they were loyal to Japan
bull Began attack in Northern Africa ndash Forced surrender of
Axis army in Northern Africa in May 1943
ndash Staging ground for invasion of Italy
bull Invaded Italy in July 1943
bull Defeated Mussolini by August 1943 ndash Mussolini overthrown
bull Germany weakened by having to fight Allies in Italy to save Mussolini
Northern Africa to Italy
Aug 1942 Battle of Stalingrad
bull 1942 Hitler still stalled outside Leningrad switch to oil rich Stalingrad in the South ndash Germans surrounded
city ndash Soviets from North
surrounded Germans ndash Fought street by street
house by house bull Early 1943 Germans
surrendered and were pushed out of USSR by Aug 1944
D-Day
bull 1944 US General Eisenhower prepared to open second European Front ndash Bombed German factories
cities and aircraft to weaken army
bull June 6 1944 Paratroopers dropped into France at dawn soldiers stormed the beaches of Normandy France others entered through Italy French resisted from inside Paris
bull All of France free by September 1944
Hitler‟s Last Stand
bull Battle of the Bulge Dec 1944- Battle in Ardennes Mts Of Belgium ndash Offensive by Germans to
split the Allied army in half ndash Initially successful but
Allies prevailed pushing into Germany bull April 1945 Americans meet
Soviets at Elbe River bull Mussolini assassinated Hitler
committed suicide and European conflict officially over on VE Day May 8 1945 (Victory in Europe)
WAR IN THE PACIFIC
Bataan Death March
bull May 1942 Japan takes
control of US Phillipines ndash Forced 75000 American
soldiers and Filipino
civilians on a 68 mile
march to remove the
enemy forces from areas
around their next area of
attack bull Starved beaten tortured
murdered
Island Hopping Campaign bull General McArthur
successful at The Battle of Midway in June 1942 ndash Began hopping from
Island to Island retaking Japanese controlled lands
bull British fighting in Burma and Malaya staged from which colony ndash McArthur had vowed to
return to help Philippines Oct 1944 kept promise
Gloom in the Pacific
bull 1945 war in Europe over
all resources into Pacific
but Japan still strong and ndash Japanese began Kamikaze
missions (which are)
ndash Japanese fought to the
death rather than surrender
at Iwo Jima and Okinawa
bull Success seemed far way
The Allies Choice
bull Planned an invasion of Japan but fearful of Allied casualties
bull July 1945 International group of scientists completed the Manhattan Project successfully testing an atomic bomb in what State
bull President Harry Truman (what happened to FDR) gives Emperor Hirohito an ultimatum surrender or face ldquoutter and complete destructionrdquo-Japan ignores
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
bull August 6 1945-Atomic bomb instantly kills 70000 Japanese citizens Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 8 1945-Soviets declare war and invade Manchuria Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 9 1945-US bomb Nagasaki- atomic bomb instantly kills 40000 Japanese
bull August 10th Hirohito forces Japanese military to surrender officially ending the war in September
Atomic Bomb Debate
bull Should the US have dropped the bombs
Why or Why not ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against the use
of atomic bombs to end WWII
ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against keeping
or destroying all atomic bombs now
Effects of the War
bull Mass Casualties ndash 75 million people total
bull 22 million in the Soviet Union alone (most)
bull Nuremberg Trials ndash Axis powers tried for
Crimes against humanity bull 142 Germans and
Austrians (many Nazi leaders) tried and sentenced to death for their associations with the Holocaust
bull Similar trials in Japan for what actions
ndash Served to show military could be held responsible for their actions exposed the horrors of fascists and dictators hoping to secure a place for democracy
Holocaust Facts
bull 6 million Jews 4 million more gypsies Slavic peoples homosexuals or physically handicapped systematically killed
bull Millions more enslaved in work camps used for medical experiments
bull Jews and others fought back ndash Destroyed gas
chambers ndash Hid Jewish people ndash Denmark and Bulgaria
managed to save almost their entire Jewish population
Denmark‟s Jews
bull Niels Bohr (Danish physicist contracted to work on The Manhattan Project in US) snuck out of Denmark to Neutral Sweden for safe passage to US when arrived in Sweden refused to leave to the US until they agreed to offer asylum to all the Danish Jews All Jews were quietly snuck out of Denmark with the help of the failing Danish government and ordinary citizens who had been hiding them during the German occupation
United Nations
bull April 1945 50 nations created the UN Charter in San Francisco
bull 5 permanent members of the Security Council US Britain France Soviet Union (now Russia) and China ndash Can veto the decisions of the others-all must agree in order
to take action often a weakness for the organization bull Dedicated to keeping World Peace through international
peace keeping missions ndash Work towards strengthening education preventing disease
poverty and hunger bull Relies upon local governments for coordination-often
leading to inefficiencies when the governments are the ones creating the problems
Extra Credit Assignment
bull Pretend you are President Harry Truman trying to convince the US Congress to allow the US the join the United Nations since they wanted to stay out of the League of Nations years previously Write a 12 sentence speech convincing Congress to join using what you have learned from WWII and create a propaganda poster to support your speech
bull Due the Day we return from Christmas Break-Will replace a quiz grade with a 100 if done well
Night of the Broken Glass ldquoKristallnachtrdquo
bull November 7 1938 a young Jew who had watched his parents be mistreated in Germany shot a German diplomat in Paris ndash From article Specifically
why was Grynszpan mad ndash Goebbels and Hitler want
who to rise up and attack the Jewish people Did this happen Who did
bull Hitler reacted by attacking Jewish communities (called) ndash Destroyed buildings burned
synagogues and dragged Jewish people into the street for public beatings
World Reaction
bull World swiftly and negatively reacted to The Night of the Broken Glass
bull Hitlerrsquos response ndash Make the Jewish people
pay for the damage ndash Increase his campaign by
forcing them into concentration camps (what are these)
ndash Began plotting his ldquofinal solutionrdquo (which was)
ldquoWork makes one Freerdquo
bull ldquoThe Nazis came first for the Communists But I wasnrsquot Communist so I didnrsquot speak up Then they came for the Jews but I wasnrsquot a Jew so I didnrsquot speak uphellipThen they came for the unionists but I was a Protestant so I didnrsquot speak up Then they came for me By that time there was no one left to speak uprdquo ndash Lutheran Minister Martin Niemoller
bull What lesson can be learned from this
Critical Thinking
bull Find 6 similarities between the Totalitarian
States of the USSR Italy and Germany
APPEASING THE ENEMY
Policy of Appeasement 1936 bull Appeasement Giving
into the demands of aggressors in order to keep peace ndash West did everything from
weak sanctions to ignoring aggressive behavior to avoid War bull Italy invaded Ethiopia
1935 ndash League of Nations (whorsquos
involved) passed economic sanctions but couldnrsquot enforce them
bull 1936 Germans invaded the Rhineland (demilitarized no manrsquos land protecting France from Germany)
ndash France and Britain turn a blinds eye
ndash WHY
1935 US Passes Neutrality Acts
bull Neutrality Acts ndash US will not do the
following with
countries at war bull Sell arms
bull Loan money
bull Have Americans
travel on their ships
(why)
1936 The Axis of ldquoEvilrdquo
bull Germany Italy and
Japan form an
alliance to ldquoend
communismrdquo ndash Really an
agreement to NOT
stop each other
from expanding
1936 Spain falls to Fascist Franco with Nazi Germany‟s help
bull Germany bombs Guernica Spain as a dress rehearsal for their new war planes- 1600 innocent civilians were killed
A neutral Europe
bull On your map choose a color for countries that remained as neutral as humanly possible in this case Color and label the following (Good practice for the Map Quiz tomorrow) ndash Switzerland ndash Sweden ndash Republic of Ireland ndash Portugal ndash Spain
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Germany
ndash Italy
ndash Northern Africa
German Expansion
bull What were Hitlerrsquos goals ndash Unite Germans
everywhere ndash Create more living
space bull 1st Move 1938 Annex
Austria his birthplace (easily fell Europe did nothing)
bull 2nd Move 1938 Demand the annexation of the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia which was home to mostly Germans
ndash Munich Conference-Germany ldquopromisedrdquo to not invade any more land so Britain and France persuaded Czechs to surrender the territory
bull Soon to be Prime Minister of Great Britain (1940) Winston Churchill said of the decision ndash ldquoThey had to
chose between war or dishonor They chose dishonor they will have warrdquo
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Austria
ndash Czechoslovakia (Find Czech Republic and
Slovakia) Color them both in
Assignment bull Create your own political cartoon that
expresses the effects of Appeasement and Neutrality upon Europe ndash Create a Catchy Title and Write it on the Top
line in Marker ndash Draw the Picture in the box and COLOR and or
use BLACK MARKER to outline any pencil markshellipyou will not be graded on your drawing ability but you will be graded on your creativity use of historical information neatness overall effort and your ability to stay on task
ndash Sign the bottom
Nazi-Soviet Pact 1939
bull August nonaggression pact between Germany and Soviet Union signed ndash Would not fight if the
other went to war ndash Divide Poland and
Eastern Europe between them bull Soviets reason Gain
territory and time to build arms
bull Germany free to take Poland avoid a two front war (why)
The Poland Promise
bull Hitler didnrsquot stop at the Sudetenland and took more and more of Czechoslovakia
bull Britain and France accepted the failure of appeasement and promised to protect Poland Germany obvious next move ndash September 1939 Nazirsquos invade
Poland and Britain and France honor their agreement declaring war on Germany
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries that are Axis Controlled Color and label the following ndash Poland ndash Yugoslavia (Find Serbia color it all in) ndash Romania ndash Hungary ndash Bulgaria ndash Greece ndash Albania
THE BEGINNINGS OF WWII EARLY AXIS ACHIEVEMENTS
Nazi Blitzkrieg
bull Blitzkrieg ldquoLightning Warrdquo ndash German strategy to
do a series of quick constant attacks to keep the enemy from easily responding bull Easily took Norway
Denmark Netherlands Belgium sites set on France
The Fall of France
bull British troops were evacuated bull German Attacked from the
North bull Italy from the South bull Outnumbered and
demoralized France Falls ndash June 1940 forced to
surrender in the same place Germany was forced to sign the Treaty of Versailles
ndash French officers including Charles de Gaulle escaped to Britain to plan liberation
ndash French continued guerrilla warfare against the Axis powers
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Denmark
ndash Norway
ndash Netherlands
ndash Belgium
ndash France
Operation Sea Lion
bull Battle of Britain-Failure of the Blitz ndash Winston Churchill ldquoWe
shall never surrenderrdquo ndash August 1940 first bombs
by German plains bull 57 Day campaign of
bombing London bull People defiantly
continued their lives 15000 people lost their lives Parliament still met King and Queen went to bomb shelters with citizens
ndash May 1941 Hitler calls it a failure and calls a new strategy
Operation Barbarossa History Repeats itself
bull June 1941 Turned sites on Soviet Union ndash Caught Stalin off guard
leading to the death of 2 frac12 million soldiers in 6 months (Why) bull Nazi-Soviet Pact bull Many top officers assassinated
during Stalinrsquos purge ndash Soviets turned to burning
crops and animals destroying cities to avoid Germans taking them bull Called bull Scorched Earth Policy bull So also like Napoleon what
happens when winter comes
Siege of Leningrad lasts 2 frac12 years bull Millions die of hunger Britain reemerges to help
Soviets with creating a 2 Front War on Germany
US‟s 1941 1 Sided Neutrality
bull Lend-Lease Act FDR can lend war materials to any country whose defense the president thinks is vital to keeping the US safe ndash ldquoArsenal of democracyrdquo lend arms to those fighting for freedom ndash Meaning who in this war
bull Atlantic Charter secret meeting between Churchill and FDR- destroy Nazis people right to chose how they are governed
ldquoA Date which will remain in infamyrdquo
bull Japan is creating a growing Pacific Empire
bull Under Atlantic Charter US stops providing war materials to JapanhellipWhy
bull Japan mad-General Tojo orders attacks on American Military Fleet in Pearl Harbor
bull December 7 1941 declares war on Japan
bull December 11 rest of Axis powers declare war on US
bull Beginning of 1942-Axis powers at their height of control
EUROPEAN SUCCESS
Distrustful Allies
bull Stalin Churchill and FDR distrust each other ndash Stalin fearful Churchill
and FDR deliberately delaying the beginning of Western Front war to weaken Communism
ndash Roosevelt leery Churchill will want to expand British Imperial power
The Side Effects of Total War
bull Allies began Total War (meaning) ndash Men drafted to war ndash Propaganda
bull Posters news broadcasts everything showed the evils of Japanese and Germans Rosie the Riveter pics urged women into factories
ndash Effects ndash Women urged to do their part by
kicking off their dresses and working in factories building war materials
ndash Rationing of food and war materials ndash 1942 Japanese Americans lost their jobs
property and rights by being interned in camps because of fear they were loyal to Japan
bull Began attack in Northern Africa ndash Forced surrender of
Axis army in Northern Africa in May 1943
ndash Staging ground for invasion of Italy
bull Invaded Italy in July 1943
bull Defeated Mussolini by August 1943 ndash Mussolini overthrown
bull Germany weakened by having to fight Allies in Italy to save Mussolini
Northern Africa to Italy
Aug 1942 Battle of Stalingrad
bull 1942 Hitler still stalled outside Leningrad switch to oil rich Stalingrad in the South ndash Germans surrounded
city ndash Soviets from North
surrounded Germans ndash Fought street by street
house by house bull Early 1943 Germans
surrendered and were pushed out of USSR by Aug 1944
D-Day
bull 1944 US General Eisenhower prepared to open second European Front ndash Bombed German factories
cities and aircraft to weaken army
bull June 6 1944 Paratroopers dropped into France at dawn soldiers stormed the beaches of Normandy France others entered through Italy French resisted from inside Paris
bull All of France free by September 1944
Hitler‟s Last Stand
bull Battle of the Bulge Dec 1944- Battle in Ardennes Mts Of Belgium ndash Offensive by Germans to
split the Allied army in half ndash Initially successful but
Allies prevailed pushing into Germany bull April 1945 Americans meet
Soviets at Elbe River bull Mussolini assassinated Hitler
committed suicide and European conflict officially over on VE Day May 8 1945 (Victory in Europe)
WAR IN THE PACIFIC
Bataan Death March
bull May 1942 Japan takes
control of US Phillipines ndash Forced 75000 American
soldiers and Filipino
civilians on a 68 mile
march to remove the
enemy forces from areas
around their next area of
attack bull Starved beaten tortured
murdered
Island Hopping Campaign bull General McArthur
successful at The Battle of Midway in June 1942 ndash Began hopping from
Island to Island retaking Japanese controlled lands
bull British fighting in Burma and Malaya staged from which colony ndash McArthur had vowed to
return to help Philippines Oct 1944 kept promise
Gloom in the Pacific
bull 1945 war in Europe over
all resources into Pacific
but Japan still strong and ndash Japanese began Kamikaze
missions (which are)
ndash Japanese fought to the
death rather than surrender
at Iwo Jima and Okinawa
bull Success seemed far way
The Allies Choice
bull Planned an invasion of Japan but fearful of Allied casualties
bull July 1945 International group of scientists completed the Manhattan Project successfully testing an atomic bomb in what State
bull President Harry Truman (what happened to FDR) gives Emperor Hirohito an ultimatum surrender or face ldquoutter and complete destructionrdquo-Japan ignores
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
bull August 6 1945-Atomic bomb instantly kills 70000 Japanese citizens Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 8 1945-Soviets declare war and invade Manchuria Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 9 1945-US bomb Nagasaki- atomic bomb instantly kills 40000 Japanese
bull August 10th Hirohito forces Japanese military to surrender officially ending the war in September
Atomic Bomb Debate
bull Should the US have dropped the bombs
Why or Why not ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against the use
of atomic bombs to end WWII
ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against keeping
or destroying all atomic bombs now
Effects of the War
bull Mass Casualties ndash 75 million people total
bull 22 million in the Soviet Union alone (most)
bull Nuremberg Trials ndash Axis powers tried for
Crimes against humanity bull 142 Germans and
Austrians (many Nazi leaders) tried and sentenced to death for their associations with the Holocaust
bull Similar trials in Japan for what actions
ndash Served to show military could be held responsible for their actions exposed the horrors of fascists and dictators hoping to secure a place for democracy
Holocaust Facts
bull 6 million Jews 4 million more gypsies Slavic peoples homosexuals or physically handicapped systematically killed
bull Millions more enslaved in work camps used for medical experiments
bull Jews and others fought back ndash Destroyed gas
chambers ndash Hid Jewish people ndash Denmark and Bulgaria
managed to save almost their entire Jewish population
Denmark‟s Jews
bull Niels Bohr (Danish physicist contracted to work on The Manhattan Project in US) snuck out of Denmark to Neutral Sweden for safe passage to US when arrived in Sweden refused to leave to the US until they agreed to offer asylum to all the Danish Jews All Jews were quietly snuck out of Denmark with the help of the failing Danish government and ordinary citizens who had been hiding them during the German occupation
United Nations
bull April 1945 50 nations created the UN Charter in San Francisco
bull 5 permanent members of the Security Council US Britain France Soviet Union (now Russia) and China ndash Can veto the decisions of the others-all must agree in order
to take action often a weakness for the organization bull Dedicated to keeping World Peace through international
peace keeping missions ndash Work towards strengthening education preventing disease
poverty and hunger bull Relies upon local governments for coordination-often
leading to inefficiencies when the governments are the ones creating the problems
Extra Credit Assignment
bull Pretend you are President Harry Truman trying to convince the US Congress to allow the US the join the United Nations since they wanted to stay out of the League of Nations years previously Write a 12 sentence speech convincing Congress to join using what you have learned from WWII and create a propaganda poster to support your speech
bull Due the Day we return from Christmas Break-Will replace a quiz grade with a 100 if done well
World Reaction
bull World swiftly and negatively reacted to The Night of the Broken Glass
bull Hitlerrsquos response ndash Make the Jewish people
pay for the damage ndash Increase his campaign by
forcing them into concentration camps (what are these)
ndash Began plotting his ldquofinal solutionrdquo (which was)
ldquoWork makes one Freerdquo
bull ldquoThe Nazis came first for the Communists But I wasnrsquot Communist so I didnrsquot speak up Then they came for the Jews but I wasnrsquot a Jew so I didnrsquot speak uphellipThen they came for the unionists but I was a Protestant so I didnrsquot speak up Then they came for me By that time there was no one left to speak uprdquo ndash Lutheran Minister Martin Niemoller
bull What lesson can be learned from this
Critical Thinking
bull Find 6 similarities between the Totalitarian
States of the USSR Italy and Germany
APPEASING THE ENEMY
Policy of Appeasement 1936 bull Appeasement Giving
into the demands of aggressors in order to keep peace ndash West did everything from
weak sanctions to ignoring aggressive behavior to avoid War bull Italy invaded Ethiopia
1935 ndash League of Nations (whorsquos
involved) passed economic sanctions but couldnrsquot enforce them
bull 1936 Germans invaded the Rhineland (demilitarized no manrsquos land protecting France from Germany)
ndash France and Britain turn a blinds eye
ndash WHY
1935 US Passes Neutrality Acts
bull Neutrality Acts ndash US will not do the
following with
countries at war bull Sell arms
bull Loan money
bull Have Americans
travel on their ships
(why)
1936 The Axis of ldquoEvilrdquo
bull Germany Italy and
Japan form an
alliance to ldquoend
communismrdquo ndash Really an
agreement to NOT
stop each other
from expanding
1936 Spain falls to Fascist Franco with Nazi Germany‟s help
bull Germany bombs Guernica Spain as a dress rehearsal for their new war planes- 1600 innocent civilians were killed
A neutral Europe
bull On your map choose a color for countries that remained as neutral as humanly possible in this case Color and label the following (Good practice for the Map Quiz tomorrow) ndash Switzerland ndash Sweden ndash Republic of Ireland ndash Portugal ndash Spain
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Germany
ndash Italy
ndash Northern Africa
German Expansion
bull What were Hitlerrsquos goals ndash Unite Germans
everywhere ndash Create more living
space bull 1st Move 1938 Annex
Austria his birthplace (easily fell Europe did nothing)
bull 2nd Move 1938 Demand the annexation of the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia which was home to mostly Germans
ndash Munich Conference-Germany ldquopromisedrdquo to not invade any more land so Britain and France persuaded Czechs to surrender the territory
bull Soon to be Prime Minister of Great Britain (1940) Winston Churchill said of the decision ndash ldquoThey had to
chose between war or dishonor They chose dishonor they will have warrdquo
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Austria
ndash Czechoslovakia (Find Czech Republic and
Slovakia) Color them both in
Assignment bull Create your own political cartoon that
expresses the effects of Appeasement and Neutrality upon Europe ndash Create a Catchy Title and Write it on the Top
line in Marker ndash Draw the Picture in the box and COLOR and or
use BLACK MARKER to outline any pencil markshellipyou will not be graded on your drawing ability but you will be graded on your creativity use of historical information neatness overall effort and your ability to stay on task
ndash Sign the bottom
Nazi-Soviet Pact 1939
bull August nonaggression pact between Germany and Soviet Union signed ndash Would not fight if the
other went to war ndash Divide Poland and
Eastern Europe between them bull Soviets reason Gain
territory and time to build arms
bull Germany free to take Poland avoid a two front war (why)
The Poland Promise
bull Hitler didnrsquot stop at the Sudetenland and took more and more of Czechoslovakia
bull Britain and France accepted the failure of appeasement and promised to protect Poland Germany obvious next move ndash September 1939 Nazirsquos invade
Poland and Britain and France honor their agreement declaring war on Germany
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries that are Axis Controlled Color and label the following ndash Poland ndash Yugoslavia (Find Serbia color it all in) ndash Romania ndash Hungary ndash Bulgaria ndash Greece ndash Albania
THE BEGINNINGS OF WWII EARLY AXIS ACHIEVEMENTS
Nazi Blitzkrieg
bull Blitzkrieg ldquoLightning Warrdquo ndash German strategy to
do a series of quick constant attacks to keep the enemy from easily responding bull Easily took Norway
Denmark Netherlands Belgium sites set on France
The Fall of France
bull British troops were evacuated bull German Attacked from the
North bull Italy from the South bull Outnumbered and
demoralized France Falls ndash June 1940 forced to
surrender in the same place Germany was forced to sign the Treaty of Versailles
ndash French officers including Charles de Gaulle escaped to Britain to plan liberation
ndash French continued guerrilla warfare against the Axis powers
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Denmark
ndash Norway
ndash Netherlands
ndash Belgium
ndash France
Operation Sea Lion
bull Battle of Britain-Failure of the Blitz ndash Winston Churchill ldquoWe
shall never surrenderrdquo ndash August 1940 first bombs
by German plains bull 57 Day campaign of
bombing London bull People defiantly
continued their lives 15000 people lost their lives Parliament still met King and Queen went to bomb shelters with citizens
ndash May 1941 Hitler calls it a failure and calls a new strategy
Operation Barbarossa History Repeats itself
bull June 1941 Turned sites on Soviet Union ndash Caught Stalin off guard
leading to the death of 2 frac12 million soldiers in 6 months (Why) bull Nazi-Soviet Pact bull Many top officers assassinated
during Stalinrsquos purge ndash Soviets turned to burning
crops and animals destroying cities to avoid Germans taking them bull Called bull Scorched Earth Policy bull So also like Napoleon what
happens when winter comes
Siege of Leningrad lasts 2 frac12 years bull Millions die of hunger Britain reemerges to help
Soviets with creating a 2 Front War on Germany
US‟s 1941 1 Sided Neutrality
bull Lend-Lease Act FDR can lend war materials to any country whose defense the president thinks is vital to keeping the US safe ndash ldquoArsenal of democracyrdquo lend arms to those fighting for freedom ndash Meaning who in this war
bull Atlantic Charter secret meeting between Churchill and FDR- destroy Nazis people right to chose how they are governed
ldquoA Date which will remain in infamyrdquo
bull Japan is creating a growing Pacific Empire
bull Under Atlantic Charter US stops providing war materials to JapanhellipWhy
bull Japan mad-General Tojo orders attacks on American Military Fleet in Pearl Harbor
bull December 7 1941 declares war on Japan
bull December 11 rest of Axis powers declare war on US
bull Beginning of 1942-Axis powers at their height of control
EUROPEAN SUCCESS
Distrustful Allies
bull Stalin Churchill and FDR distrust each other ndash Stalin fearful Churchill
and FDR deliberately delaying the beginning of Western Front war to weaken Communism
ndash Roosevelt leery Churchill will want to expand British Imperial power
The Side Effects of Total War
bull Allies began Total War (meaning) ndash Men drafted to war ndash Propaganda
bull Posters news broadcasts everything showed the evils of Japanese and Germans Rosie the Riveter pics urged women into factories
ndash Effects ndash Women urged to do their part by
kicking off their dresses and working in factories building war materials
ndash Rationing of food and war materials ndash 1942 Japanese Americans lost their jobs
property and rights by being interned in camps because of fear they were loyal to Japan
bull Began attack in Northern Africa ndash Forced surrender of
Axis army in Northern Africa in May 1943
ndash Staging ground for invasion of Italy
bull Invaded Italy in July 1943
bull Defeated Mussolini by August 1943 ndash Mussolini overthrown
bull Germany weakened by having to fight Allies in Italy to save Mussolini
Northern Africa to Italy
Aug 1942 Battle of Stalingrad
bull 1942 Hitler still stalled outside Leningrad switch to oil rich Stalingrad in the South ndash Germans surrounded
city ndash Soviets from North
surrounded Germans ndash Fought street by street
house by house bull Early 1943 Germans
surrendered and were pushed out of USSR by Aug 1944
D-Day
bull 1944 US General Eisenhower prepared to open second European Front ndash Bombed German factories
cities and aircraft to weaken army
bull June 6 1944 Paratroopers dropped into France at dawn soldiers stormed the beaches of Normandy France others entered through Italy French resisted from inside Paris
bull All of France free by September 1944
Hitler‟s Last Stand
bull Battle of the Bulge Dec 1944- Battle in Ardennes Mts Of Belgium ndash Offensive by Germans to
split the Allied army in half ndash Initially successful but
Allies prevailed pushing into Germany bull April 1945 Americans meet
Soviets at Elbe River bull Mussolini assassinated Hitler
committed suicide and European conflict officially over on VE Day May 8 1945 (Victory in Europe)
WAR IN THE PACIFIC
Bataan Death March
bull May 1942 Japan takes
control of US Phillipines ndash Forced 75000 American
soldiers and Filipino
civilians on a 68 mile
march to remove the
enemy forces from areas
around their next area of
attack bull Starved beaten tortured
murdered
Island Hopping Campaign bull General McArthur
successful at The Battle of Midway in June 1942 ndash Began hopping from
Island to Island retaking Japanese controlled lands
bull British fighting in Burma and Malaya staged from which colony ndash McArthur had vowed to
return to help Philippines Oct 1944 kept promise
Gloom in the Pacific
bull 1945 war in Europe over
all resources into Pacific
but Japan still strong and ndash Japanese began Kamikaze
missions (which are)
ndash Japanese fought to the
death rather than surrender
at Iwo Jima and Okinawa
bull Success seemed far way
The Allies Choice
bull Planned an invasion of Japan but fearful of Allied casualties
bull July 1945 International group of scientists completed the Manhattan Project successfully testing an atomic bomb in what State
bull President Harry Truman (what happened to FDR) gives Emperor Hirohito an ultimatum surrender or face ldquoutter and complete destructionrdquo-Japan ignores
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
bull August 6 1945-Atomic bomb instantly kills 70000 Japanese citizens Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 8 1945-Soviets declare war and invade Manchuria Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 9 1945-US bomb Nagasaki- atomic bomb instantly kills 40000 Japanese
bull August 10th Hirohito forces Japanese military to surrender officially ending the war in September
Atomic Bomb Debate
bull Should the US have dropped the bombs
Why or Why not ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against the use
of atomic bombs to end WWII
ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against keeping
or destroying all atomic bombs now
Effects of the War
bull Mass Casualties ndash 75 million people total
bull 22 million in the Soviet Union alone (most)
bull Nuremberg Trials ndash Axis powers tried for
Crimes against humanity bull 142 Germans and
Austrians (many Nazi leaders) tried and sentenced to death for their associations with the Holocaust
bull Similar trials in Japan for what actions
ndash Served to show military could be held responsible for their actions exposed the horrors of fascists and dictators hoping to secure a place for democracy
Holocaust Facts
bull 6 million Jews 4 million more gypsies Slavic peoples homosexuals or physically handicapped systematically killed
bull Millions more enslaved in work camps used for medical experiments
bull Jews and others fought back ndash Destroyed gas
chambers ndash Hid Jewish people ndash Denmark and Bulgaria
managed to save almost their entire Jewish population
Denmark‟s Jews
bull Niels Bohr (Danish physicist contracted to work on The Manhattan Project in US) snuck out of Denmark to Neutral Sweden for safe passage to US when arrived in Sweden refused to leave to the US until they agreed to offer asylum to all the Danish Jews All Jews were quietly snuck out of Denmark with the help of the failing Danish government and ordinary citizens who had been hiding them during the German occupation
United Nations
bull April 1945 50 nations created the UN Charter in San Francisco
bull 5 permanent members of the Security Council US Britain France Soviet Union (now Russia) and China ndash Can veto the decisions of the others-all must agree in order
to take action often a weakness for the organization bull Dedicated to keeping World Peace through international
peace keeping missions ndash Work towards strengthening education preventing disease
poverty and hunger bull Relies upon local governments for coordination-often
leading to inefficiencies when the governments are the ones creating the problems
Extra Credit Assignment
bull Pretend you are President Harry Truman trying to convince the US Congress to allow the US the join the United Nations since they wanted to stay out of the League of Nations years previously Write a 12 sentence speech convincing Congress to join using what you have learned from WWII and create a propaganda poster to support your speech
bull Due the Day we return from Christmas Break-Will replace a quiz grade with a 100 if done well
bull ldquoThe Nazis came first for the Communists But I wasnrsquot Communist so I didnrsquot speak up Then they came for the Jews but I wasnrsquot a Jew so I didnrsquot speak uphellipThen they came for the unionists but I was a Protestant so I didnrsquot speak up Then they came for me By that time there was no one left to speak uprdquo ndash Lutheran Minister Martin Niemoller
bull What lesson can be learned from this
Critical Thinking
bull Find 6 similarities between the Totalitarian
States of the USSR Italy and Germany
APPEASING THE ENEMY
Policy of Appeasement 1936 bull Appeasement Giving
into the demands of aggressors in order to keep peace ndash West did everything from
weak sanctions to ignoring aggressive behavior to avoid War bull Italy invaded Ethiopia
1935 ndash League of Nations (whorsquos
involved) passed economic sanctions but couldnrsquot enforce them
bull 1936 Germans invaded the Rhineland (demilitarized no manrsquos land protecting France from Germany)
ndash France and Britain turn a blinds eye
ndash WHY
1935 US Passes Neutrality Acts
bull Neutrality Acts ndash US will not do the
following with
countries at war bull Sell arms
bull Loan money
bull Have Americans
travel on their ships
(why)
1936 The Axis of ldquoEvilrdquo
bull Germany Italy and
Japan form an
alliance to ldquoend
communismrdquo ndash Really an
agreement to NOT
stop each other
from expanding
1936 Spain falls to Fascist Franco with Nazi Germany‟s help
bull Germany bombs Guernica Spain as a dress rehearsal for their new war planes- 1600 innocent civilians were killed
A neutral Europe
bull On your map choose a color for countries that remained as neutral as humanly possible in this case Color and label the following (Good practice for the Map Quiz tomorrow) ndash Switzerland ndash Sweden ndash Republic of Ireland ndash Portugal ndash Spain
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Germany
ndash Italy
ndash Northern Africa
German Expansion
bull What were Hitlerrsquos goals ndash Unite Germans
everywhere ndash Create more living
space bull 1st Move 1938 Annex
Austria his birthplace (easily fell Europe did nothing)
bull 2nd Move 1938 Demand the annexation of the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia which was home to mostly Germans
ndash Munich Conference-Germany ldquopromisedrdquo to not invade any more land so Britain and France persuaded Czechs to surrender the territory
bull Soon to be Prime Minister of Great Britain (1940) Winston Churchill said of the decision ndash ldquoThey had to
chose between war or dishonor They chose dishonor they will have warrdquo
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Austria
ndash Czechoslovakia (Find Czech Republic and
Slovakia) Color them both in
Assignment bull Create your own political cartoon that
expresses the effects of Appeasement and Neutrality upon Europe ndash Create a Catchy Title and Write it on the Top
line in Marker ndash Draw the Picture in the box and COLOR and or
use BLACK MARKER to outline any pencil markshellipyou will not be graded on your drawing ability but you will be graded on your creativity use of historical information neatness overall effort and your ability to stay on task
ndash Sign the bottom
Nazi-Soviet Pact 1939
bull August nonaggression pact between Germany and Soviet Union signed ndash Would not fight if the
other went to war ndash Divide Poland and
Eastern Europe between them bull Soviets reason Gain
territory and time to build arms
bull Germany free to take Poland avoid a two front war (why)
The Poland Promise
bull Hitler didnrsquot stop at the Sudetenland and took more and more of Czechoslovakia
bull Britain and France accepted the failure of appeasement and promised to protect Poland Germany obvious next move ndash September 1939 Nazirsquos invade
Poland and Britain and France honor their agreement declaring war on Germany
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries that are Axis Controlled Color and label the following ndash Poland ndash Yugoslavia (Find Serbia color it all in) ndash Romania ndash Hungary ndash Bulgaria ndash Greece ndash Albania
THE BEGINNINGS OF WWII EARLY AXIS ACHIEVEMENTS
Nazi Blitzkrieg
bull Blitzkrieg ldquoLightning Warrdquo ndash German strategy to
do a series of quick constant attacks to keep the enemy from easily responding bull Easily took Norway
Denmark Netherlands Belgium sites set on France
The Fall of France
bull British troops were evacuated bull German Attacked from the
North bull Italy from the South bull Outnumbered and
demoralized France Falls ndash June 1940 forced to
surrender in the same place Germany was forced to sign the Treaty of Versailles
ndash French officers including Charles de Gaulle escaped to Britain to plan liberation
ndash French continued guerrilla warfare against the Axis powers
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Denmark
ndash Norway
ndash Netherlands
ndash Belgium
ndash France
Operation Sea Lion
bull Battle of Britain-Failure of the Blitz ndash Winston Churchill ldquoWe
shall never surrenderrdquo ndash August 1940 first bombs
by German plains bull 57 Day campaign of
bombing London bull People defiantly
continued their lives 15000 people lost their lives Parliament still met King and Queen went to bomb shelters with citizens
ndash May 1941 Hitler calls it a failure and calls a new strategy
Operation Barbarossa History Repeats itself
bull June 1941 Turned sites on Soviet Union ndash Caught Stalin off guard
leading to the death of 2 frac12 million soldiers in 6 months (Why) bull Nazi-Soviet Pact bull Many top officers assassinated
during Stalinrsquos purge ndash Soviets turned to burning
crops and animals destroying cities to avoid Germans taking them bull Called bull Scorched Earth Policy bull So also like Napoleon what
happens when winter comes
Siege of Leningrad lasts 2 frac12 years bull Millions die of hunger Britain reemerges to help
Soviets with creating a 2 Front War on Germany
US‟s 1941 1 Sided Neutrality
bull Lend-Lease Act FDR can lend war materials to any country whose defense the president thinks is vital to keeping the US safe ndash ldquoArsenal of democracyrdquo lend arms to those fighting for freedom ndash Meaning who in this war
bull Atlantic Charter secret meeting between Churchill and FDR- destroy Nazis people right to chose how they are governed
ldquoA Date which will remain in infamyrdquo
bull Japan is creating a growing Pacific Empire
bull Under Atlantic Charter US stops providing war materials to JapanhellipWhy
bull Japan mad-General Tojo orders attacks on American Military Fleet in Pearl Harbor
bull December 7 1941 declares war on Japan
bull December 11 rest of Axis powers declare war on US
bull Beginning of 1942-Axis powers at their height of control
EUROPEAN SUCCESS
Distrustful Allies
bull Stalin Churchill and FDR distrust each other ndash Stalin fearful Churchill
and FDR deliberately delaying the beginning of Western Front war to weaken Communism
ndash Roosevelt leery Churchill will want to expand British Imperial power
The Side Effects of Total War
bull Allies began Total War (meaning) ndash Men drafted to war ndash Propaganda
bull Posters news broadcasts everything showed the evils of Japanese and Germans Rosie the Riveter pics urged women into factories
ndash Effects ndash Women urged to do their part by
kicking off their dresses and working in factories building war materials
ndash Rationing of food and war materials ndash 1942 Japanese Americans lost their jobs
property and rights by being interned in camps because of fear they were loyal to Japan
bull Began attack in Northern Africa ndash Forced surrender of
Axis army in Northern Africa in May 1943
ndash Staging ground for invasion of Italy
bull Invaded Italy in July 1943
bull Defeated Mussolini by August 1943 ndash Mussolini overthrown
bull Germany weakened by having to fight Allies in Italy to save Mussolini
Northern Africa to Italy
Aug 1942 Battle of Stalingrad
bull 1942 Hitler still stalled outside Leningrad switch to oil rich Stalingrad in the South ndash Germans surrounded
city ndash Soviets from North
surrounded Germans ndash Fought street by street
house by house bull Early 1943 Germans
surrendered and were pushed out of USSR by Aug 1944
D-Day
bull 1944 US General Eisenhower prepared to open second European Front ndash Bombed German factories
cities and aircraft to weaken army
bull June 6 1944 Paratroopers dropped into France at dawn soldiers stormed the beaches of Normandy France others entered through Italy French resisted from inside Paris
bull All of France free by September 1944
Hitler‟s Last Stand
bull Battle of the Bulge Dec 1944- Battle in Ardennes Mts Of Belgium ndash Offensive by Germans to
split the Allied army in half ndash Initially successful but
Allies prevailed pushing into Germany bull April 1945 Americans meet
Soviets at Elbe River bull Mussolini assassinated Hitler
committed suicide and European conflict officially over on VE Day May 8 1945 (Victory in Europe)
WAR IN THE PACIFIC
Bataan Death March
bull May 1942 Japan takes
control of US Phillipines ndash Forced 75000 American
soldiers and Filipino
civilians on a 68 mile
march to remove the
enemy forces from areas
around their next area of
attack bull Starved beaten tortured
murdered
Island Hopping Campaign bull General McArthur
successful at The Battle of Midway in June 1942 ndash Began hopping from
Island to Island retaking Japanese controlled lands
bull British fighting in Burma and Malaya staged from which colony ndash McArthur had vowed to
return to help Philippines Oct 1944 kept promise
Gloom in the Pacific
bull 1945 war in Europe over
all resources into Pacific
but Japan still strong and ndash Japanese began Kamikaze
missions (which are)
ndash Japanese fought to the
death rather than surrender
at Iwo Jima and Okinawa
bull Success seemed far way
The Allies Choice
bull Planned an invasion of Japan but fearful of Allied casualties
bull July 1945 International group of scientists completed the Manhattan Project successfully testing an atomic bomb in what State
bull President Harry Truman (what happened to FDR) gives Emperor Hirohito an ultimatum surrender or face ldquoutter and complete destructionrdquo-Japan ignores
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
bull August 6 1945-Atomic bomb instantly kills 70000 Japanese citizens Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 8 1945-Soviets declare war and invade Manchuria Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 9 1945-US bomb Nagasaki- atomic bomb instantly kills 40000 Japanese
bull August 10th Hirohito forces Japanese military to surrender officially ending the war in September
Atomic Bomb Debate
bull Should the US have dropped the bombs
Why or Why not ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against the use
of atomic bombs to end WWII
ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against keeping
or destroying all atomic bombs now
Effects of the War
bull Mass Casualties ndash 75 million people total
bull 22 million in the Soviet Union alone (most)
bull Nuremberg Trials ndash Axis powers tried for
Crimes against humanity bull 142 Germans and
Austrians (many Nazi leaders) tried and sentenced to death for their associations with the Holocaust
bull Similar trials in Japan for what actions
ndash Served to show military could be held responsible for their actions exposed the horrors of fascists and dictators hoping to secure a place for democracy
Holocaust Facts
bull 6 million Jews 4 million more gypsies Slavic peoples homosexuals or physically handicapped systematically killed
bull Millions more enslaved in work camps used for medical experiments
bull Jews and others fought back ndash Destroyed gas
chambers ndash Hid Jewish people ndash Denmark and Bulgaria
managed to save almost their entire Jewish population
Denmark‟s Jews
bull Niels Bohr (Danish physicist contracted to work on The Manhattan Project in US) snuck out of Denmark to Neutral Sweden for safe passage to US when arrived in Sweden refused to leave to the US until they agreed to offer asylum to all the Danish Jews All Jews were quietly snuck out of Denmark with the help of the failing Danish government and ordinary citizens who had been hiding them during the German occupation
United Nations
bull April 1945 50 nations created the UN Charter in San Francisco
bull 5 permanent members of the Security Council US Britain France Soviet Union (now Russia) and China ndash Can veto the decisions of the others-all must agree in order
to take action often a weakness for the organization bull Dedicated to keeping World Peace through international
peace keeping missions ndash Work towards strengthening education preventing disease
poverty and hunger bull Relies upon local governments for coordination-often
leading to inefficiencies when the governments are the ones creating the problems
Extra Credit Assignment
bull Pretend you are President Harry Truman trying to convince the US Congress to allow the US the join the United Nations since they wanted to stay out of the League of Nations years previously Write a 12 sentence speech convincing Congress to join using what you have learned from WWII and create a propaganda poster to support your speech
bull Due the Day we return from Christmas Break-Will replace a quiz grade with a 100 if done well
Critical Thinking
bull Find 6 similarities between the Totalitarian
States of the USSR Italy and Germany
APPEASING THE ENEMY
Policy of Appeasement 1936 bull Appeasement Giving
into the demands of aggressors in order to keep peace ndash West did everything from
weak sanctions to ignoring aggressive behavior to avoid War bull Italy invaded Ethiopia
1935 ndash League of Nations (whorsquos
involved) passed economic sanctions but couldnrsquot enforce them
bull 1936 Germans invaded the Rhineland (demilitarized no manrsquos land protecting France from Germany)
ndash France and Britain turn a blinds eye
ndash WHY
1935 US Passes Neutrality Acts
bull Neutrality Acts ndash US will not do the
following with
countries at war bull Sell arms
bull Loan money
bull Have Americans
travel on their ships
(why)
1936 The Axis of ldquoEvilrdquo
bull Germany Italy and
Japan form an
alliance to ldquoend
communismrdquo ndash Really an
agreement to NOT
stop each other
from expanding
1936 Spain falls to Fascist Franco with Nazi Germany‟s help
bull Germany bombs Guernica Spain as a dress rehearsal for their new war planes- 1600 innocent civilians were killed
A neutral Europe
bull On your map choose a color for countries that remained as neutral as humanly possible in this case Color and label the following (Good practice for the Map Quiz tomorrow) ndash Switzerland ndash Sweden ndash Republic of Ireland ndash Portugal ndash Spain
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Germany
ndash Italy
ndash Northern Africa
German Expansion
bull What were Hitlerrsquos goals ndash Unite Germans
everywhere ndash Create more living
space bull 1st Move 1938 Annex
Austria his birthplace (easily fell Europe did nothing)
bull 2nd Move 1938 Demand the annexation of the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia which was home to mostly Germans
ndash Munich Conference-Germany ldquopromisedrdquo to not invade any more land so Britain and France persuaded Czechs to surrender the territory
bull Soon to be Prime Minister of Great Britain (1940) Winston Churchill said of the decision ndash ldquoThey had to
chose between war or dishonor They chose dishonor they will have warrdquo
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Austria
ndash Czechoslovakia (Find Czech Republic and
Slovakia) Color them both in
Assignment bull Create your own political cartoon that
expresses the effects of Appeasement and Neutrality upon Europe ndash Create a Catchy Title and Write it on the Top
line in Marker ndash Draw the Picture in the box and COLOR and or
use BLACK MARKER to outline any pencil markshellipyou will not be graded on your drawing ability but you will be graded on your creativity use of historical information neatness overall effort and your ability to stay on task
ndash Sign the bottom
Nazi-Soviet Pact 1939
bull August nonaggression pact between Germany and Soviet Union signed ndash Would not fight if the
other went to war ndash Divide Poland and
Eastern Europe between them bull Soviets reason Gain
territory and time to build arms
bull Germany free to take Poland avoid a two front war (why)
The Poland Promise
bull Hitler didnrsquot stop at the Sudetenland and took more and more of Czechoslovakia
bull Britain and France accepted the failure of appeasement and promised to protect Poland Germany obvious next move ndash September 1939 Nazirsquos invade
Poland and Britain and France honor their agreement declaring war on Germany
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries that are Axis Controlled Color and label the following ndash Poland ndash Yugoslavia (Find Serbia color it all in) ndash Romania ndash Hungary ndash Bulgaria ndash Greece ndash Albania
THE BEGINNINGS OF WWII EARLY AXIS ACHIEVEMENTS
Nazi Blitzkrieg
bull Blitzkrieg ldquoLightning Warrdquo ndash German strategy to
do a series of quick constant attacks to keep the enemy from easily responding bull Easily took Norway
Denmark Netherlands Belgium sites set on France
The Fall of France
bull British troops were evacuated bull German Attacked from the
North bull Italy from the South bull Outnumbered and
demoralized France Falls ndash June 1940 forced to
surrender in the same place Germany was forced to sign the Treaty of Versailles
ndash French officers including Charles de Gaulle escaped to Britain to plan liberation
ndash French continued guerrilla warfare against the Axis powers
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Denmark
ndash Norway
ndash Netherlands
ndash Belgium
ndash France
Operation Sea Lion
bull Battle of Britain-Failure of the Blitz ndash Winston Churchill ldquoWe
shall never surrenderrdquo ndash August 1940 first bombs
by German plains bull 57 Day campaign of
bombing London bull People defiantly
continued their lives 15000 people lost their lives Parliament still met King and Queen went to bomb shelters with citizens
ndash May 1941 Hitler calls it a failure and calls a new strategy
Operation Barbarossa History Repeats itself
bull June 1941 Turned sites on Soviet Union ndash Caught Stalin off guard
leading to the death of 2 frac12 million soldiers in 6 months (Why) bull Nazi-Soviet Pact bull Many top officers assassinated
during Stalinrsquos purge ndash Soviets turned to burning
crops and animals destroying cities to avoid Germans taking them bull Called bull Scorched Earth Policy bull So also like Napoleon what
happens when winter comes
Siege of Leningrad lasts 2 frac12 years bull Millions die of hunger Britain reemerges to help
Soviets with creating a 2 Front War on Germany
US‟s 1941 1 Sided Neutrality
bull Lend-Lease Act FDR can lend war materials to any country whose defense the president thinks is vital to keeping the US safe ndash ldquoArsenal of democracyrdquo lend arms to those fighting for freedom ndash Meaning who in this war
bull Atlantic Charter secret meeting between Churchill and FDR- destroy Nazis people right to chose how they are governed
ldquoA Date which will remain in infamyrdquo
bull Japan is creating a growing Pacific Empire
bull Under Atlantic Charter US stops providing war materials to JapanhellipWhy
bull Japan mad-General Tojo orders attacks on American Military Fleet in Pearl Harbor
bull December 7 1941 declares war on Japan
bull December 11 rest of Axis powers declare war on US
bull Beginning of 1942-Axis powers at their height of control
EUROPEAN SUCCESS
Distrustful Allies
bull Stalin Churchill and FDR distrust each other ndash Stalin fearful Churchill
and FDR deliberately delaying the beginning of Western Front war to weaken Communism
ndash Roosevelt leery Churchill will want to expand British Imperial power
The Side Effects of Total War
bull Allies began Total War (meaning) ndash Men drafted to war ndash Propaganda
bull Posters news broadcasts everything showed the evils of Japanese and Germans Rosie the Riveter pics urged women into factories
ndash Effects ndash Women urged to do their part by
kicking off their dresses and working in factories building war materials
ndash Rationing of food and war materials ndash 1942 Japanese Americans lost their jobs
property and rights by being interned in camps because of fear they were loyal to Japan
bull Began attack in Northern Africa ndash Forced surrender of
Axis army in Northern Africa in May 1943
ndash Staging ground for invasion of Italy
bull Invaded Italy in July 1943
bull Defeated Mussolini by August 1943 ndash Mussolini overthrown
bull Germany weakened by having to fight Allies in Italy to save Mussolini
Northern Africa to Italy
Aug 1942 Battle of Stalingrad
bull 1942 Hitler still stalled outside Leningrad switch to oil rich Stalingrad in the South ndash Germans surrounded
city ndash Soviets from North
surrounded Germans ndash Fought street by street
house by house bull Early 1943 Germans
surrendered and were pushed out of USSR by Aug 1944
D-Day
bull 1944 US General Eisenhower prepared to open second European Front ndash Bombed German factories
cities and aircraft to weaken army
bull June 6 1944 Paratroopers dropped into France at dawn soldiers stormed the beaches of Normandy France others entered through Italy French resisted from inside Paris
bull All of France free by September 1944
Hitler‟s Last Stand
bull Battle of the Bulge Dec 1944- Battle in Ardennes Mts Of Belgium ndash Offensive by Germans to
split the Allied army in half ndash Initially successful but
Allies prevailed pushing into Germany bull April 1945 Americans meet
Soviets at Elbe River bull Mussolini assassinated Hitler
committed suicide and European conflict officially over on VE Day May 8 1945 (Victory in Europe)
WAR IN THE PACIFIC
Bataan Death March
bull May 1942 Japan takes
control of US Phillipines ndash Forced 75000 American
soldiers and Filipino
civilians on a 68 mile
march to remove the
enemy forces from areas
around their next area of
attack bull Starved beaten tortured
murdered
Island Hopping Campaign bull General McArthur
successful at The Battle of Midway in June 1942 ndash Began hopping from
Island to Island retaking Japanese controlled lands
bull British fighting in Burma and Malaya staged from which colony ndash McArthur had vowed to
return to help Philippines Oct 1944 kept promise
Gloom in the Pacific
bull 1945 war in Europe over
all resources into Pacific
but Japan still strong and ndash Japanese began Kamikaze
missions (which are)
ndash Japanese fought to the
death rather than surrender
at Iwo Jima and Okinawa
bull Success seemed far way
The Allies Choice
bull Planned an invasion of Japan but fearful of Allied casualties
bull July 1945 International group of scientists completed the Manhattan Project successfully testing an atomic bomb in what State
bull President Harry Truman (what happened to FDR) gives Emperor Hirohito an ultimatum surrender or face ldquoutter and complete destructionrdquo-Japan ignores
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
bull August 6 1945-Atomic bomb instantly kills 70000 Japanese citizens Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 8 1945-Soviets declare war and invade Manchuria Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 9 1945-US bomb Nagasaki- atomic bomb instantly kills 40000 Japanese
bull August 10th Hirohito forces Japanese military to surrender officially ending the war in September
Atomic Bomb Debate
bull Should the US have dropped the bombs
Why or Why not ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against the use
of atomic bombs to end WWII
ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against keeping
or destroying all atomic bombs now
Effects of the War
bull Mass Casualties ndash 75 million people total
bull 22 million in the Soviet Union alone (most)
bull Nuremberg Trials ndash Axis powers tried for
Crimes against humanity bull 142 Germans and
Austrians (many Nazi leaders) tried and sentenced to death for their associations with the Holocaust
bull Similar trials in Japan for what actions
ndash Served to show military could be held responsible for their actions exposed the horrors of fascists and dictators hoping to secure a place for democracy
Holocaust Facts
bull 6 million Jews 4 million more gypsies Slavic peoples homosexuals or physically handicapped systematically killed
bull Millions more enslaved in work camps used for medical experiments
bull Jews and others fought back ndash Destroyed gas
chambers ndash Hid Jewish people ndash Denmark and Bulgaria
managed to save almost their entire Jewish population
Denmark‟s Jews
bull Niels Bohr (Danish physicist contracted to work on The Manhattan Project in US) snuck out of Denmark to Neutral Sweden for safe passage to US when arrived in Sweden refused to leave to the US until they agreed to offer asylum to all the Danish Jews All Jews were quietly snuck out of Denmark with the help of the failing Danish government and ordinary citizens who had been hiding them during the German occupation
United Nations
bull April 1945 50 nations created the UN Charter in San Francisco
bull 5 permanent members of the Security Council US Britain France Soviet Union (now Russia) and China ndash Can veto the decisions of the others-all must agree in order
to take action often a weakness for the organization bull Dedicated to keeping World Peace through international
peace keeping missions ndash Work towards strengthening education preventing disease
poverty and hunger bull Relies upon local governments for coordination-often
leading to inefficiencies when the governments are the ones creating the problems
Extra Credit Assignment
bull Pretend you are President Harry Truman trying to convince the US Congress to allow the US the join the United Nations since they wanted to stay out of the League of Nations years previously Write a 12 sentence speech convincing Congress to join using what you have learned from WWII and create a propaganda poster to support your speech
bull Due the Day we return from Christmas Break-Will replace a quiz grade with a 100 if done well
APPEASING THE ENEMY
Policy of Appeasement 1936 bull Appeasement Giving
into the demands of aggressors in order to keep peace ndash West did everything from
weak sanctions to ignoring aggressive behavior to avoid War bull Italy invaded Ethiopia
1935 ndash League of Nations (whorsquos
involved) passed economic sanctions but couldnrsquot enforce them
bull 1936 Germans invaded the Rhineland (demilitarized no manrsquos land protecting France from Germany)
ndash France and Britain turn a blinds eye
ndash WHY
1935 US Passes Neutrality Acts
bull Neutrality Acts ndash US will not do the
following with
countries at war bull Sell arms
bull Loan money
bull Have Americans
travel on their ships
(why)
1936 The Axis of ldquoEvilrdquo
bull Germany Italy and
Japan form an
alliance to ldquoend
communismrdquo ndash Really an
agreement to NOT
stop each other
from expanding
1936 Spain falls to Fascist Franco with Nazi Germany‟s help
bull Germany bombs Guernica Spain as a dress rehearsal for their new war planes- 1600 innocent civilians were killed
A neutral Europe
bull On your map choose a color for countries that remained as neutral as humanly possible in this case Color and label the following (Good practice for the Map Quiz tomorrow) ndash Switzerland ndash Sweden ndash Republic of Ireland ndash Portugal ndash Spain
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Germany
ndash Italy
ndash Northern Africa
German Expansion
bull What were Hitlerrsquos goals ndash Unite Germans
everywhere ndash Create more living
space bull 1st Move 1938 Annex
Austria his birthplace (easily fell Europe did nothing)
bull 2nd Move 1938 Demand the annexation of the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia which was home to mostly Germans
ndash Munich Conference-Germany ldquopromisedrdquo to not invade any more land so Britain and France persuaded Czechs to surrender the territory
bull Soon to be Prime Minister of Great Britain (1940) Winston Churchill said of the decision ndash ldquoThey had to
chose between war or dishonor They chose dishonor they will have warrdquo
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Austria
ndash Czechoslovakia (Find Czech Republic and
Slovakia) Color them both in
Assignment bull Create your own political cartoon that
expresses the effects of Appeasement and Neutrality upon Europe ndash Create a Catchy Title and Write it on the Top
line in Marker ndash Draw the Picture in the box and COLOR and or
use BLACK MARKER to outline any pencil markshellipyou will not be graded on your drawing ability but you will be graded on your creativity use of historical information neatness overall effort and your ability to stay on task
ndash Sign the bottom
Nazi-Soviet Pact 1939
bull August nonaggression pact between Germany and Soviet Union signed ndash Would not fight if the
other went to war ndash Divide Poland and
Eastern Europe between them bull Soviets reason Gain
territory and time to build arms
bull Germany free to take Poland avoid a two front war (why)
The Poland Promise
bull Hitler didnrsquot stop at the Sudetenland and took more and more of Czechoslovakia
bull Britain and France accepted the failure of appeasement and promised to protect Poland Germany obvious next move ndash September 1939 Nazirsquos invade
Poland and Britain and France honor their agreement declaring war on Germany
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries that are Axis Controlled Color and label the following ndash Poland ndash Yugoslavia (Find Serbia color it all in) ndash Romania ndash Hungary ndash Bulgaria ndash Greece ndash Albania
THE BEGINNINGS OF WWII EARLY AXIS ACHIEVEMENTS
Nazi Blitzkrieg
bull Blitzkrieg ldquoLightning Warrdquo ndash German strategy to
do a series of quick constant attacks to keep the enemy from easily responding bull Easily took Norway
Denmark Netherlands Belgium sites set on France
The Fall of France
bull British troops were evacuated bull German Attacked from the
North bull Italy from the South bull Outnumbered and
demoralized France Falls ndash June 1940 forced to
surrender in the same place Germany was forced to sign the Treaty of Versailles
ndash French officers including Charles de Gaulle escaped to Britain to plan liberation
ndash French continued guerrilla warfare against the Axis powers
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Denmark
ndash Norway
ndash Netherlands
ndash Belgium
ndash France
Operation Sea Lion
bull Battle of Britain-Failure of the Blitz ndash Winston Churchill ldquoWe
shall never surrenderrdquo ndash August 1940 first bombs
by German plains bull 57 Day campaign of
bombing London bull People defiantly
continued their lives 15000 people lost their lives Parliament still met King and Queen went to bomb shelters with citizens
ndash May 1941 Hitler calls it a failure and calls a new strategy
Operation Barbarossa History Repeats itself
bull June 1941 Turned sites on Soviet Union ndash Caught Stalin off guard
leading to the death of 2 frac12 million soldiers in 6 months (Why) bull Nazi-Soviet Pact bull Many top officers assassinated
during Stalinrsquos purge ndash Soviets turned to burning
crops and animals destroying cities to avoid Germans taking them bull Called bull Scorched Earth Policy bull So also like Napoleon what
happens when winter comes
Siege of Leningrad lasts 2 frac12 years bull Millions die of hunger Britain reemerges to help
Soviets with creating a 2 Front War on Germany
US‟s 1941 1 Sided Neutrality
bull Lend-Lease Act FDR can lend war materials to any country whose defense the president thinks is vital to keeping the US safe ndash ldquoArsenal of democracyrdquo lend arms to those fighting for freedom ndash Meaning who in this war
bull Atlantic Charter secret meeting between Churchill and FDR- destroy Nazis people right to chose how they are governed
ldquoA Date which will remain in infamyrdquo
bull Japan is creating a growing Pacific Empire
bull Under Atlantic Charter US stops providing war materials to JapanhellipWhy
bull Japan mad-General Tojo orders attacks on American Military Fleet in Pearl Harbor
bull December 7 1941 declares war on Japan
bull December 11 rest of Axis powers declare war on US
bull Beginning of 1942-Axis powers at their height of control
EUROPEAN SUCCESS
Distrustful Allies
bull Stalin Churchill and FDR distrust each other ndash Stalin fearful Churchill
and FDR deliberately delaying the beginning of Western Front war to weaken Communism
ndash Roosevelt leery Churchill will want to expand British Imperial power
The Side Effects of Total War
bull Allies began Total War (meaning) ndash Men drafted to war ndash Propaganda
bull Posters news broadcasts everything showed the evils of Japanese and Germans Rosie the Riveter pics urged women into factories
ndash Effects ndash Women urged to do their part by
kicking off their dresses and working in factories building war materials
ndash Rationing of food and war materials ndash 1942 Japanese Americans lost their jobs
property and rights by being interned in camps because of fear they were loyal to Japan
bull Began attack in Northern Africa ndash Forced surrender of
Axis army in Northern Africa in May 1943
ndash Staging ground for invasion of Italy
bull Invaded Italy in July 1943
bull Defeated Mussolini by August 1943 ndash Mussolini overthrown
bull Germany weakened by having to fight Allies in Italy to save Mussolini
Northern Africa to Italy
Aug 1942 Battle of Stalingrad
bull 1942 Hitler still stalled outside Leningrad switch to oil rich Stalingrad in the South ndash Germans surrounded
city ndash Soviets from North
surrounded Germans ndash Fought street by street
house by house bull Early 1943 Germans
surrendered and were pushed out of USSR by Aug 1944
D-Day
bull 1944 US General Eisenhower prepared to open second European Front ndash Bombed German factories
cities and aircraft to weaken army
bull June 6 1944 Paratroopers dropped into France at dawn soldiers stormed the beaches of Normandy France others entered through Italy French resisted from inside Paris
bull All of France free by September 1944
Hitler‟s Last Stand
bull Battle of the Bulge Dec 1944- Battle in Ardennes Mts Of Belgium ndash Offensive by Germans to
split the Allied army in half ndash Initially successful but
Allies prevailed pushing into Germany bull April 1945 Americans meet
Soviets at Elbe River bull Mussolini assassinated Hitler
committed suicide and European conflict officially over on VE Day May 8 1945 (Victory in Europe)
WAR IN THE PACIFIC
Bataan Death March
bull May 1942 Japan takes
control of US Phillipines ndash Forced 75000 American
soldiers and Filipino
civilians on a 68 mile
march to remove the
enemy forces from areas
around their next area of
attack bull Starved beaten tortured
murdered
Island Hopping Campaign bull General McArthur
successful at The Battle of Midway in June 1942 ndash Began hopping from
Island to Island retaking Japanese controlled lands
bull British fighting in Burma and Malaya staged from which colony ndash McArthur had vowed to
return to help Philippines Oct 1944 kept promise
Gloom in the Pacific
bull 1945 war in Europe over
all resources into Pacific
but Japan still strong and ndash Japanese began Kamikaze
missions (which are)
ndash Japanese fought to the
death rather than surrender
at Iwo Jima and Okinawa
bull Success seemed far way
The Allies Choice
bull Planned an invasion of Japan but fearful of Allied casualties
bull July 1945 International group of scientists completed the Manhattan Project successfully testing an atomic bomb in what State
bull President Harry Truman (what happened to FDR) gives Emperor Hirohito an ultimatum surrender or face ldquoutter and complete destructionrdquo-Japan ignores
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
bull August 6 1945-Atomic bomb instantly kills 70000 Japanese citizens Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 8 1945-Soviets declare war and invade Manchuria Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 9 1945-US bomb Nagasaki- atomic bomb instantly kills 40000 Japanese
bull August 10th Hirohito forces Japanese military to surrender officially ending the war in September
Atomic Bomb Debate
bull Should the US have dropped the bombs
Why or Why not ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against the use
of atomic bombs to end WWII
ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against keeping
or destroying all atomic bombs now
Effects of the War
bull Mass Casualties ndash 75 million people total
bull 22 million in the Soviet Union alone (most)
bull Nuremberg Trials ndash Axis powers tried for
Crimes against humanity bull 142 Germans and
Austrians (many Nazi leaders) tried and sentenced to death for their associations with the Holocaust
bull Similar trials in Japan for what actions
ndash Served to show military could be held responsible for their actions exposed the horrors of fascists and dictators hoping to secure a place for democracy
Holocaust Facts
bull 6 million Jews 4 million more gypsies Slavic peoples homosexuals or physically handicapped systematically killed
bull Millions more enslaved in work camps used for medical experiments
bull Jews and others fought back ndash Destroyed gas
chambers ndash Hid Jewish people ndash Denmark and Bulgaria
managed to save almost their entire Jewish population
Denmark‟s Jews
bull Niels Bohr (Danish physicist contracted to work on The Manhattan Project in US) snuck out of Denmark to Neutral Sweden for safe passage to US when arrived in Sweden refused to leave to the US until they agreed to offer asylum to all the Danish Jews All Jews were quietly snuck out of Denmark with the help of the failing Danish government and ordinary citizens who had been hiding them during the German occupation
United Nations
bull April 1945 50 nations created the UN Charter in San Francisco
bull 5 permanent members of the Security Council US Britain France Soviet Union (now Russia) and China ndash Can veto the decisions of the others-all must agree in order
to take action often a weakness for the organization bull Dedicated to keeping World Peace through international
peace keeping missions ndash Work towards strengthening education preventing disease
poverty and hunger bull Relies upon local governments for coordination-often
leading to inefficiencies when the governments are the ones creating the problems
Extra Credit Assignment
bull Pretend you are President Harry Truman trying to convince the US Congress to allow the US the join the United Nations since they wanted to stay out of the League of Nations years previously Write a 12 sentence speech convincing Congress to join using what you have learned from WWII and create a propaganda poster to support your speech
bull Due the Day we return from Christmas Break-Will replace a quiz grade with a 100 if done well
Policy of Appeasement 1936 bull Appeasement Giving
into the demands of aggressors in order to keep peace ndash West did everything from
weak sanctions to ignoring aggressive behavior to avoid War bull Italy invaded Ethiopia
1935 ndash League of Nations (whorsquos
involved) passed economic sanctions but couldnrsquot enforce them
bull 1936 Germans invaded the Rhineland (demilitarized no manrsquos land protecting France from Germany)
ndash France and Britain turn a blinds eye
ndash WHY
1935 US Passes Neutrality Acts
bull Neutrality Acts ndash US will not do the
following with
countries at war bull Sell arms
bull Loan money
bull Have Americans
travel on their ships
(why)
1936 The Axis of ldquoEvilrdquo
bull Germany Italy and
Japan form an
alliance to ldquoend
communismrdquo ndash Really an
agreement to NOT
stop each other
from expanding
1936 Spain falls to Fascist Franco with Nazi Germany‟s help
bull Germany bombs Guernica Spain as a dress rehearsal for their new war planes- 1600 innocent civilians were killed
A neutral Europe
bull On your map choose a color for countries that remained as neutral as humanly possible in this case Color and label the following (Good practice for the Map Quiz tomorrow) ndash Switzerland ndash Sweden ndash Republic of Ireland ndash Portugal ndash Spain
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Germany
ndash Italy
ndash Northern Africa
German Expansion
bull What were Hitlerrsquos goals ndash Unite Germans
everywhere ndash Create more living
space bull 1st Move 1938 Annex
Austria his birthplace (easily fell Europe did nothing)
bull 2nd Move 1938 Demand the annexation of the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia which was home to mostly Germans
ndash Munich Conference-Germany ldquopromisedrdquo to not invade any more land so Britain and France persuaded Czechs to surrender the territory
bull Soon to be Prime Minister of Great Britain (1940) Winston Churchill said of the decision ndash ldquoThey had to
chose between war or dishonor They chose dishonor they will have warrdquo
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Austria
ndash Czechoslovakia (Find Czech Republic and
Slovakia) Color them both in
Assignment bull Create your own political cartoon that
expresses the effects of Appeasement and Neutrality upon Europe ndash Create a Catchy Title and Write it on the Top
line in Marker ndash Draw the Picture in the box and COLOR and or
use BLACK MARKER to outline any pencil markshellipyou will not be graded on your drawing ability but you will be graded on your creativity use of historical information neatness overall effort and your ability to stay on task
ndash Sign the bottom
Nazi-Soviet Pact 1939
bull August nonaggression pact between Germany and Soviet Union signed ndash Would not fight if the
other went to war ndash Divide Poland and
Eastern Europe between them bull Soviets reason Gain
territory and time to build arms
bull Germany free to take Poland avoid a two front war (why)
The Poland Promise
bull Hitler didnrsquot stop at the Sudetenland and took more and more of Czechoslovakia
bull Britain and France accepted the failure of appeasement and promised to protect Poland Germany obvious next move ndash September 1939 Nazirsquos invade
Poland and Britain and France honor their agreement declaring war on Germany
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries that are Axis Controlled Color and label the following ndash Poland ndash Yugoslavia (Find Serbia color it all in) ndash Romania ndash Hungary ndash Bulgaria ndash Greece ndash Albania
THE BEGINNINGS OF WWII EARLY AXIS ACHIEVEMENTS
Nazi Blitzkrieg
bull Blitzkrieg ldquoLightning Warrdquo ndash German strategy to
do a series of quick constant attacks to keep the enemy from easily responding bull Easily took Norway
Denmark Netherlands Belgium sites set on France
The Fall of France
bull British troops were evacuated bull German Attacked from the
North bull Italy from the South bull Outnumbered and
demoralized France Falls ndash June 1940 forced to
surrender in the same place Germany was forced to sign the Treaty of Versailles
ndash French officers including Charles de Gaulle escaped to Britain to plan liberation
ndash French continued guerrilla warfare against the Axis powers
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Denmark
ndash Norway
ndash Netherlands
ndash Belgium
ndash France
Operation Sea Lion
bull Battle of Britain-Failure of the Blitz ndash Winston Churchill ldquoWe
shall never surrenderrdquo ndash August 1940 first bombs
by German plains bull 57 Day campaign of
bombing London bull People defiantly
continued their lives 15000 people lost their lives Parliament still met King and Queen went to bomb shelters with citizens
ndash May 1941 Hitler calls it a failure and calls a new strategy
Operation Barbarossa History Repeats itself
bull June 1941 Turned sites on Soviet Union ndash Caught Stalin off guard
leading to the death of 2 frac12 million soldiers in 6 months (Why) bull Nazi-Soviet Pact bull Many top officers assassinated
during Stalinrsquos purge ndash Soviets turned to burning
crops and animals destroying cities to avoid Germans taking them bull Called bull Scorched Earth Policy bull So also like Napoleon what
happens when winter comes
Siege of Leningrad lasts 2 frac12 years bull Millions die of hunger Britain reemerges to help
Soviets with creating a 2 Front War on Germany
US‟s 1941 1 Sided Neutrality
bull Lend-Lease Act FDR can lend war materials to any country whose defense the president thinks is vital to keeping the US safe ndash ldquoArsenal of democracyrdquo lend arms to those fighting for freedom ndash Meaning who in this war
bull Atlantic Charter secret meeting between Churchill and FDR- destroy Nazis people right to chose how they are governed
ldquoA Date which will remain in infamyrdquo
bull Japan is creating a growing Pacific Empire
bull Under Atlantic Charter US stops providing war materials to JapanhellipWhy
bull Japan mad-General Tojo orders attacks on American Military Fleet in Pearl Harbor
bull December 7 1941 declares war on Japan
bull December 11 rest of Axis powers declare war on US
bull Beginning of 1942-Axis powers at their height of control
EUROPEAN SUCCESS
Distrustful Allies
bull Stalin Churchill and FDR distrust each other ndash Stalin fearful Churchill
and FDR deliberately delaying the beginning of Western Front war to weaken Communism
ndash Roosevelt leery Churchill will want to expand British Imperial power
The Side Effects of Total War
bull Allies began Total War (meaning) ndash Men drafted to war ndash Propaganda
bull Posters news broadcasts everything showed the evils of Japanese and Germans Rosie the Riveter pics urged women into factories
ndash Effects ndash Women urged to do their part by
kicking off their dresses and working in factories building war materials
ndash Rationing of food and war materials ndash 1942 Japanese Americans lost their jobs
property and rights by being interned in camps because of fear they were loyal to Japan
bull Began attack in Northern Africa ndash Forced surrender of
Axis army in Northern Africa in May 1943
ndash Staging ground for invasion of Italy
bull Invaded Italy in July 1943
bull Defeated Mussolini by August 1943 ndash Mussolini overthrown
bull Germany weakened by having to fight Allies in Italy to save Mussolini
Northern Africa to Italy
Aug 1942 Battle of Stalingrad
bull 1942 Hitler still stalled outside Leningrad switch to oil rich Stalingrad in the South ndash Germans surrounded
city ndash Soviets from North
surrounded Germans ndash Fought street by street
house by house bull Early 1943 Germans
surrendered and were pushed out of USSR by Aug 1944
D-Day
bull 1944 US General Eisenhower prepared to open second European Front ndash Bombed German factories
cities and aircraft to weaken army
bull June 6 1944 Paratroopers dropped into France at dawn soldiers stormed the beaches of Normandy France others entered through Italy French resisted from inside Paris
bull All of France free by September 1944
Hitler‟s Last Stand
bull Battle of the Bulge Dec 1944- Battle in Ardennes Mts Of Belgium ndash Offensive by Germans to
split the Allied army in half ndash Initially successful but
Allies prevailed pushing into Germany bull April 1945 Americans meet
Soviets at Elbe River bull Mussolini assassinated Hitler
committed suicide and European conflict officially over on VE Day May 8 1945 (Victory in Europe)
WAR IN THE PACIFIC
Bataan Death March
bull May 1942 Japan takes
control of US Phillipines ndash Forced 75000 American
soldiers and Filipino
civilians on a 68 mile
march to remove the
enemy forces from areas
around their next area of
attack bull Starved beaten tortured
murdered
Island Hopping Campaign bull General McArthur
successful at The Battle of Midway in June 1942 ndash Began hopping from
Island to Island retaking Japanese controlled lands
bull British fighting in Burma and Malaya staged from which colony ndash McArthur had vowed to
return to help Philippines Oct 1944 kept promise
Gloom in the Pacific
bull 1945 war in Europe over
all resources into Pacific
but Japan still strong and ndash Japanese began Kamikaze
missions (which are)
ndash Japanese fought to the
death rather than surrender
at Iwo Jima and Okinawa
bull Success seemed far way
The Allies Choice
bull Planned an invasion of Japan but fearful of Allied casualties
bull July 1945 International group of scientists completed the Manhattan Project successfully testing an atomic bomb in what State
bull President Harry Truman (what happened to FDR) gives Emperor Hirohito an ultimatum surrender or face ldquoutter and complete destructionrdquo-Japan ignores
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
bull August 6 1945-Atomic bomb instantly kills 70000 Japanese citizens Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 8 1945-Soviets declare war and invade Manchuria Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 9 1945-US bomb Nagasaki- atomic bomb instantly kills 40000 Japanese
bull August 10th Hirohito forces Japanese military to surrender officially ending the war in September
Atomic Bomb Debate
bull Should the US have dropped the bombs
Why or Why not ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against the use
of atomic bombs to end WWII
ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against keeping
or destroying all atomic bombs now
Effects of the War
bull Mass Casualties ndash 75 million people total
bull 22 million in the Soviet Union alone (most)
bull Nuremberg Trials ndash Axis powers tried for
Crimes against humanity bull 142 Germans and
Austrians (many Nazi leaders) tried and sentenced to death for their associations with the Holocaust
bull Similar trials in Japan for what actions
ndash Served to show military could be held responsible for their actions exposed the horrors of fascists and dictators hoping to secure a place for democracy
Holocaust Facts
bull 6 million Jews 4 million more gypsies Slavic peoples homosexuals or physically handicapped systematically killed
bull Millions more enslaved in work camps used for medical experiments
bull Jews and others fought back ndash Destroyed gas
chambers ndash Hid Jewish people ndash Denmark and Bulgaria
managed to save almost their entire Jewish population
Denmark‟s Jews
bull Niels Bohr (Danish physicist contracted to work on The Manhattan Project in US) snuck out of Denmark to Neutral Sweden for safe passage to US when arrived in Sweden refused to leave to the US until they agreed to offer asylum to all the Danish Jews All Jews were quietly snuck out of Denmark with the help of the failing Danish government and ordinary citizens who had been hiding them during the German occupation
United Nations
bull April 1945 50 nations created the UN Charter in San Francisco
bull 5 permanent members of the Security Council US Britain France Soviet Union (now Russia) and China ndash Can veto the decisions of the others-all must agree in order
to take action often a weakness for the organization bull Dedicated to keeping World Peace through international
peace keeping missions ndash Work towards strengthening education preventing disease
poverty and hunger bull Relies upon local governments for coordination-often
leading to inefficiencies when the governments are the ones creating the problems
Extra Credit Assignment
bull Pretend you are President Harry Truman trying to convince the US Congress to allow the US the join the United Nations since they wanted to stay out of the League of Nations years previously Write a 12 sentence speech convincing Congress to join using what you have learned from WWII and create a propaganda poster to support your speech
bull Due the Day we return from Christmas Break-Will replace a quiz grade with a 100 if done well
1935 US Passes Neutrality Acts
bull Neutrality Acts ndash US will not do the
following with
countries at war bull Sell arms
bull Loan money
bull Have Americans
travel on their ships
(why)
1936 The Axis of ldquoEvilrdquo
bull Germany Italy and
Japan form an
alliance to ldquoend
communismrdquo ndash Really an
agreement to NOT
stop each other
from expanding
1936 Spain falls to Fascist Franco with Nazi Germany‟s help
bull Germany bombs Guernica Spain as a dress rehearsal for their new war planes- 1600 innocent civilians were killed
A neutral Europe
bull On your map choose a color for countries that remained as neutral as humanly possible in this case Color and label the following (Good practice for the Map Quiz tomorrow) ndash Switzerland ndash Sweden ndash Republic of Ireland ndash Portugal ndash Spain
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Germany
ndash Italy
ndash Northern Africa
German Expansion
bull What were Hitlerrsquos goals ndash Unite Germans
everywhere ndash Create more living
space bull 1st Move 1938 Annex
Austria his birthplace (easily fell Europe did nothing)
bull 2nd Move 1938 Demand the annexation of the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia which was home to mostly Germans
ndash Munich Conference-Germany ldquopromisedrdquo to not invade any more land so Britain and France persuaded Czechs to surrender the territory
bull Soon to be Prime Minister of Great Britain (1940) Winston Churchill said of the decision ndash ldquoThey had to
chose between war or dishonor They chose dishonor they will have warrdquo
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Austria
ndash Czechoslovakia (Find Czech Republic and
Slovakia) Color them both in
Assignment bull Create your own political cartoon that
expresses the effects of Appeasement and Neutrality upon Europe ndash Create a Catchy Title and Write it on the Top
line in Marker ndash Draw the Picture in the box and COLOR and or
use BLACK MARKER to outline any pencil markshellipyou will not be graded on your drawing ability but you will be graded on your creativity use of historical information neatness overall effort and your ability to stay on task
ndash Sign the bottom
Nazi-Soviet Pact 1939
bull August nonaggression pact between Germany and Soviet Union signed ndash Would not fight if the
other went to war ndash Divide Poland and
Eastern Europe between them bull Soviets reason Gain
territory and time to build arms
bull Germany free to take Poland avoid a two front war (why)
The Poland Promise
bull Hitler didnrsquot stop at the Sudetenland and took more and more of Czechoslovakia
bull Britain and France accepted the failure of appeasement and promised to protect Poland Germany obvious next move ndash September 1939 Nazirsquos invade
Poland and Britain and France honor their agreement declaring war on Germany
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries that are Axis Controlled Color and label the following ndash Poland ndash Yugoslavia (Find Serbia color it all in) ndash Romania ndash Hungary ndash Bulgaria ndash Greece ndash Albania
THE BEGINNINGS OF WWII EARLY AXIS ACHIEVEMENTS
Nazi Blitzkrieg
bull Blitzkrieg ldquoLightning Warrdquo ndash German strategy to
do a series of quick constant attacks to keep the enemy from easily responding bull Easily took Norway
Denmark Netherlands Belgium sites set on France
The Fall of France
bull British troops were evacuated bull German Attacked from the
North bull Italy from the South bull Outnumbered and
demoralized France Falls ndash June 1940 forced to
surrender in the same place Germany was forced to sign the Treaty of Versailles
ndash French officers including Charles de Gaulle escaped to Britain to plan liberation
ndash French continued guerrilla warfare against the Axis powers
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Denmark
ndash Norway
ndash Netherlands
ndash Belgium
ndash France
Operation Sea Lion
bull Battle of Britain-Failure of the Blitz ndash Winston Churchill ldquoWe
shall never surrenderrdquo ndash August 1940 first bombs
by German plains bull 57 Day campaign of
bombing London bull People defiantly
continued their lives 15000 people lost their lives Parliament still met King and Queen went to bomb shelters with citizens
ndash May 1941 Hitler calls it a failure and calls a new strategy
Operation Barbarossa History Repeats itself
bull June 1941 Turned sites on Soviet Union ndash Caught Stalin off guard
leading to the death of 2 frac12 million soldiers in 6 months (Why) bull Nazi-Soviet Pact bull Many top officers assassinated
during Stalinrsquos purge ndash Soviets turned to burning
crops and animals destroying cities to avoid Germans taking them bull Called bull Scorched Earth Policy bull So also like Napoleon what
happens when winter comes
Siege of Leningrad lasts 2 frac12 years bull Millions die of hunger Britain reemerges to help
Soviets with creating a 2 Front War on Germany
US‟s 1941 1 Sided Neutrality
bull Lend-Lease Act FDR can lend war materials to any country whose defense the president thinks is vital to keeping the US safe ndash ldquoArsenal of democracyrdquo lend arms to those fighting for freedom ndash Meaning who in this war
bull Atlantic Charter secret meeting between Churchill and FDR- destroy Nazis people right to chose how they are governed
ldquoA Date which will remain in infamyrdquo
bull Japan is creating a growing Pacific Empire
bull Under Atlantic Charter US stops providing war materials to JapanhellipWhy
bull Japan mad-General Tojo orders attacks on American Military Fleet in Pearl Harbor
bull December 7 1941 declares war on Japan
bull December 11 rest of Axis powers declare war on US
bull Beginning of 1942-Axis powers at their height of control
EUROPEAN SUCCESS
Distrustful Allies
bull Stalin Churchill and FDR distrust each other ndash Stalin fearful Churchill
and FDR deliberately delaying the beginning of Western Front war to weaken Communism
ndash Roosevelt leery Churchill will want to expand British Imperial power
The Side Effects of Total War
bull Allies began Total War (meaning) ndash Men drafted to war ndash Propaganda
bull Posters news broadcasts everything showed the evils of Japanese and Germans Rosie the Riveter pics urged women into factories
ndash Effects ndash Women urged to do their part by
kicking off their dresses and working in factories building war materials
ndash Rationing of food and war materials ndash 1942 Japanese Americans lost their jobs
property and rights by being interned in camps because of fear they were loyal to Japan
bull Began attack in Northern Africa ndash Forced surrender of
Axis army in Northern Africa in May 1943
ndash Staging ground for invasion of Italy
bull Invaded Italy in July 1943
bull Defeated Mussolini by August 1943 ndash Mussolini overthrown
bull Germany weakened by having to fight Allies in Italy to save Mussolini
Northern Africa to Italy
Aug 1942 Battle of Stalingrad
bull 1942 Hitler still stalled outside Leningrad switch to oil rich Stalingrad in the South ndash Germans surrounded
city ndash Soviets from North
surrounded Germans ndash Fought street by street
house by house bull Early 1943 Germans
surrendered and were pushed out of USSR by Aug 1944
D-Day
bull 1944 US General Eisenhower prepared to open second European Front ndash Bombed German factories
cities and aircraft to weaken army
bull June 6 1944 Paratroopers dropped into France at dawn soldiers stormed the beaches of Normandy France others entered through Italy French resisted from inside Paris
bull All of France free by September 1944
Hitler‟s Last Stand
bull Battle of the Bulge Dec 1944- Battle in Ardennes Mts Of Belgium ndash Offensive by Germans to
split the Allied army in half ndash Initially successful but
Allies prevailed pushing into Germany bull April 1945 Americans meet
Soviets at Elbe River bull Mussolini assassinated Hitler
committed suicide and European conflict officially over on VE Day May 8 1945 (Victory in Europe)
WAR IN THE PACIFIC
Bataan Death March
bull May 1942 Japan takes
control of US Phillipines ndash Forced 75000 American
soldiers and Filipino
civilians on a 68 mile
march to remove the
enemy forces from areas
around their next area of
attack bull Starved beaten tortured
murdered
Island Hopping Campaign bull General McArthur
successful at The Battle of Midway in June 1942 ndash Began hopping from
Island to Island retaking Japanese controlled lands
bull British fighting in Burma and Malaya staged from which colony ndash McArthur had vowed to
return to help Philippines Oct 1944 kept promise
Gloom in the Pacific
bull 1945 war in Europe over
all resources into Pacific
but Japan still strong and ndash Japanese began Kamikaze
missions (which are)
ndash Japanese fought to the
death rather than surrender
at Iwo Jima and Okinawa
bull Success seemed far way
The Allies Choice
bull Planned an invasion of Japan but fearful of Allied casualties
bull July 1945 International group of scientists completed the Manhattan Project successfully testing an atomic bomb in what State
bull President Harry Truman (what happened to FDR) gives Emperor Hirohito an ultimatum surrender or face ldquoutter and complete destructionrdquo-Japan ignores
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
bull August 6 1945-Atomic bomb instantly kills 70000 Japanese citizens Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 8 1945-Soviets declare war and invade Manchuria Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 9 1945-US bomb Nagasaki- atomic bomb instantly kills 40000 Japanese
bull August 10th Hirohito forces Japanese military to surrender officially ending the war in September
Atomic Bomb Debate
bull Should the US have dropped the bombs
Why or Why not ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against the use
of atomic bombs to end WWII
ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against keeping
or destroying all atomic bombs now
Effects of the War
bull Mass Casualties ndash 75 million people total
bull 22 million in the Soviet Union alone (most)
bull Nuremberg Trials ndash Axis powers tried for
Crimes against humanity bull 142 Germans and
Austrians (many Nazi leaders) tried and sentenced to death for their associations with the Holocaust
bull Similar trials in Japan for what actions
ndash Served to show military could be held responsible for their actions exposed the horrors of fascists and dictators hoping to secure a place for democracy
Holocaust Facts
bull 6 million Jews 4 million more gypsies Slavic peoples homosexuals or physically handicapped systematically killed
bull Millions more enslaved in work camps used for medical experiments
bull Jews and others fought back ndash Destroyed gas
chambers ndash Hid Jewish people ndash Denmark and Bulgaria
managed to save almost their entire Jewish population
Denmark‟s Jews
bull Niels Bohr (Danish physicist contracted to work on The Manhattan Project in US) snuck out of Denmark to Neutral Sweden for safe passage to US when arrived in Sweden refused to leave to the US until they agreed to offer asylum to all the Danish Jews All Jews were quietly snuck out of Denmark with the help of the failing Danish government and ordinary citizens who had been hiding them during the German occupation
United Nations
bull April 1945 50 nations created the UN Charter in San Francisco
bull 5 permanent members of the Security Council US Britain France Soviet Union (now Russia) and China ndash Can veto the decisions of the others-all must agree in order
to take action often a weakness for the organization bull Dedicated to keeping World Peace through international
peace keeping missions ndash Work towards strengthening education preventing disease
poverty and hunger bull Relies upon local governments for coordination-often
leading to inefficiencies when the governments are the ones creating the problems
Extra Credit Assignment
bull Pretend you are President Harry Truman trying to convince the US Congress to allow the US the join the United Nations since they wanted to stay out of the League of Nations years previously Write a 12 sentence speech convincing Congress to join using what you have learned from WWII and create a propaganda poster to support your speech
bull Due the Day we return from Christmas Break-Will replace a quiz grade with a 100 if done well
1936 The Axis of ldquoEvilrdquo
bull Germany Italy and
Japan form an
alliance to ldquoend
communismrdquo ndash Really an
agreement to NOT
stop each other
from expanding
1936 Spain falls to Fascist Franco with Nazi Germany‟s help
bull Germany bombs Guernica Spain as a dress rehearsal for their new war planes- 1600 innocent civilians were killed
A neutral Europe
bull On your map choose a color for countries that remained as neutral as humanly possible in this case Color and label the following (Good practice for the Map Quiz tomorrow) ndash Switzerland ndash Sweden ndash Republic of Ireland ndash Portugal ndash Spain
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Germany
ndash Italy
ndash Northern Africa
German Expansion
bull What were Hitlerrsquos goals ndash Unite Germans
everywhere ndash Create more living
space bull 1st Move 1938 Annex
Austria his birthplace (easily fell Europe did nothing)
bull 2nd Move 1938 Demand the annexation of the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia which was home to mostly Germans
ndash Munich Conference-Germany ldquopromisedrdquo to not invade any more land so Britain and France persuaded Czechs to surrender the territory
bull Soon to be Prime Minister of Great Britain (1940) Winston Churchill said of the decision ndash ldquoThey had to
chose between war or dishonor They chose dishonor they will have warrdquo
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Austria
ndash Czechoslovakia (Find Czech Republic and
Slovakia) Color them both in
Assignment bull Create your own political cartoon that
expresses the effects of Appeasement and Neutrality upon Europe ndash Create a Catchy Title and Write it on the Top
line in Marker ndash Draw the Picture in the box and COLOR and or
use BLACK MARKER to outline any pencil markshellipyou will not be graded on your drawing ability but you will be graded on your creativity use of historical information neatness overall effort and your ability to stay on task
ndash Sign the bottom
Nazi-Soviet Pact 1939
bull August nonaggression pact between Germany and Soviet Union signed ndash Would not fight if the
other went to war ndash Divide Poland and
Eastern Europe between them bull Soviets reason Gain
territory and time to build arms
bull Germany free to take Poland avoid a two front war (why)
The Poland Promise
bull Hitler didnrsquot stop at the Sudetenland and took more and more of Czechoslovakia
bull Britain and France accepted the failure of appeasement and promised to protect Poland Germany obvious next move ndash September 1939 Nazirsquos invade
Poland and Britain and France honor their agreement declaring war on Germany
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries that are Axis Controlled Color and label the following ndash Poland ndash Yugoslavia (Find Serbia color it all in) ndash Romania ndash Hungary ndash Bulgaria ndash Greece ndash Albania
THE BEGINNINGS OF WWII EARLY AXIS ACHIEVEMENTS
Nazi Blitzkrieg
bull Blitzkrieg ldquoLightning Warrdquo ndash German strategy to
do a series of quick constant attacks to keep the enemy from easily responding bull Easily took Norway
Denmark Netherlands Belgium sites set on France
The Fall of France
bull British troops were evacuated bull German Attacked from the
North bull Italy from the South bull Outnumbered and
demoralized France Falls ndash June 1940 forced to
surrender in the same place Germany was forced to sign the Treaty of Versailles
ndash French officers including Charles de Gaulle escaped to Britain to plan liberation
ndash French continued guerrilla warfare against the Axis powers
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Denmark
ndash Norway
ndash Netherlands
ndash Belgium
ndash France
Operation Sea Lion
bull Battle of Britain-Failure of the Blitz ndash Winston Churchill ldquoWe
shall never surrenderrdquo ndash August 1940 first bombs
by German plains bull 57 Day campaign of
bombing London bull People defiantly
continued their lives 15000 people lost their lives Parliament still met King and Queen went to bomb shelters with citizens
ndash May 1941 Hitler calls it a failure and calls a new strategy
Operation Barbarossa History Repeats itself
bull June 1941 Turned sites on Soviet Union ndash Caught Stalin off guard
leading to the death of 2 frac12 million soldiers in 6 months (Why) bull Nazi-Soviet Pact bull Many top officers assassinated
during Stalinrsquos purge ndash Soviets turned to burning
crops and animals destroying cities to avoid Germans taking them bull Called bull Scorched Earth Policy bull So also like Napoleon what
happens when winter comes
Siege of Leningrad lasts 2 frac12 years bull Millions die of hunger Britain reemerges to help
Soviets with creating a 2 Front War on Germany
US‟s 1941 1 Sided Neutrality
bull Lend-Lease Act FDR can lend war materials to any country whose defense the president thinks is vital to keeping the US safe ndash ldquoArsenal of democracyrdquo lend arms to those fighting for freedom ndash Meaning who in this war
bull Atlantic Charter secret meeting between Churchill and FDR- destroy Nazis people right to chose how they are governed
ldquoA Date which will remain in infamyrdquo
bull Japan is creating a growing Pacific Empire
bull Under Atlantic Charter US stops providing war materials to JapanhellipWhy
bull Japan mad-General Tojo orders attacks on American Military Fleet in Pearl Harbor
bull December 7 1941 declares war on Japan
bull December 11 rest of Axis powers declare war on US
bull Beginning of 1942-Axis powers at their height of control
EUROPEAN SUCCESS
Distrustful Allies
bull Stalin Churchill and FDR distrust each other ndash Stalin fearful Churchill
and FDR deliberately delaying the beginning of Western Front war to weaken Communism
ndash Roosevelt leery Churchill will want to expand British Imperial power
The Side Effects of Total War
bull Allies began Total War (meaning) ndash Men drafted to war ndash Propaganda
bull Posters news broadcasts everything showed the evils of Japanese and Germans Rosie the Riveter pics urged women into factories
ndash Effects ndash Women urged to do their part by
kicking off their dresses and working in factories building war materials
ndash Rationing of food and war materials ndash 1942 Japanese Americans lost their jobs
property and rights by being interned in camps because of fear they were loyal to Japan
bull Began attack in Northern Africa ndash Forced surrender of
Axis army in Northern Africa in May 1943
ndash Staging ground for invasion of Italy
bull Invaded Italy in July 1943
bull Defeated Mussolini by August 1943 ndash Mussolini overthrown
bull Germany weakened by having to fight Allies in Italy to save Mussolini
Northern Africa to Italy
Aug 1942 Battle of Stalingrad
bull 1942 Hitler still stalled outside Leningrad switch to oil rich Stalingrad in the South ndash Germans surrounded
city ndash Soviets from North
surrounded Germans ndash Fought street by street
house by house bull Early 1943 Germans
surrendered and were pushed out of USSR by Aug 1944
D-Day
bull 1944 US General Eisenhower prepared to open second European Front ndash Bombed German factories
cities and aircraft to weaken army
bull June 6 1944 Paratroopers dropped into France at dawn soldiers stormed the beaches of Normandy France others entered through Italy French resisted from inside Paris
bull All of France free by September 1944
Hitler‟s Last Stand
bull Battle of the Bulge Dec 1944- Battle in Ardennes Mts Of Belgium ndash Offensive by Germans to
split the Allied army in half ndash Initially successful but
Allies prevailed pushing into Germany bull April 1945 Americans meet
Soviets at Elbe River bull Mussolini assassinated Hitler
committed suicide and European conflict officially over on VE Day May 8 1945 (Victory in Europe)
WAR IN THE PACIFIC
Bataan Death March
bull May 1942 Japan takes
control of US Phillipines ndash Forced 75000 American
soldiers and Filipino
civilians on a 68 mile
march to remove the
enemy forces from areas
around their next area of
attack bull Starved beaten tortured
murdered
Island Hopping Campaign bull General McArthur
successful at The Battle of Midway in June 1942 ndash Began hopping from
Island to Island retaking Japanese controlled lands
bull British fighting in Burma and Malaya staged from which colony ndash McArthur had vowed to
return to help Philippines Oct 1944 kept promise
Gloom in the Pacific
bull 1945 war in Europe over
all resources into Pacific
but Japan still strong and ndash Japanese began Kamikaze
missions (which are)
ndash Japanese fought to the
death rather than surrender
at Iwo Jima and Okinawa
bull Success seemed far way
The Allies Choice
bull Planned an invasion of Japan but fearful of Allied casualties
bull July 1945 International group of scientists completed the Manhattan Project successfully testing an atomic bomb in what State
bull President Harry Truman (what happened to FDR) gives Emperor Hirohito an ultimatum surrender or face ldquoutter and complete destructionrdquo-Japan ignores
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
bull August 6 1945-Atomic bomb instantly kills 70000 Japanese citizens Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 8 1945-Soviets declare war and invade Manchuria Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 9 1945-US bomb Nagasaki- atomic bomb instantly kills 40000 Japanese
bull August 10th Hirohito forces Japanese military to surrender officially ending the war in September
Atomic Bomb Debate
bull Should the US have dropped the bombs
Why or Why not ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against the use
of atomic bombs to end WWII
ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against keeping
or destroying all atomic bombs now
Effects of the War
bull Mass Casualties ndash 75 million people total
bull 22 million in the Soviet Union alone (most)
bull Nuremberg Trials ndash Axis powers tried for
Crimes against humanity bull 142 Germans and
Austrians (many Nazi leaders) tried and sentenced to death for their associations with the Holocaust
bull Similar trials in Japan for what actions
ndash Served to show military could be held responsible for their actions exposed the horrors of fascists and dictators hoping to secure a place for democracy
Holocaust Facts
bull 6 million Jews 4 million more gypsies Slavic peoples homosexuals or physically handicapped systematically killed
bull Millions more enslaved in work camps used for medical experiments
bull Jews and others fought back ndash Destroyed gas
chambers ndash Hid Jewish people ndash Denmark and Bulgaria
managed to save almost their entire Jewish population
Denmark‟s Jews
bull Niels Bohr (Danish physicist contracted to work on The Manhattan Project in US) snuck out of Denmark to Neutral Sweden for safe passage to US when arrived in Sweden refused to leave to the US until they agreed to offer asylum to all the Danish Jews All Jews were quietly snuck out of Denmark with the help of the failing Danish government and ordinary citizens who had been hiding them during the German occupation
United Nations
bull April 1945 50 nations created the UN Charter in San Francisco
bull 5 permanent members of the Security Council US Britain France Soviet Union (now Russia) and China ndash Can veto the decisions of the others-all must agree in order
to take action often a weakness for the organization bull Dedicated to keeping World Peace through international
peace keeping missions ndash Work towards strengthening education preventing disease
poverty and hunger bull Relies upon local governments for coordination-often
leading to inefficiencies when the governments are the ones creating the problems
Extra Credit Assignment
bull Pretend you are President Harry Truman trying to convince the US Congress to allow the US the join the United Nations since they wanted to stay out of the League of Nations years previously Write a 12 sentence speech convincing Congress to join using what you have learned from WWII and create a propaganda poster to support your speech
bull Due the Day we return from Christmas Break-Will replace a quiz grade with a 100 if done well
1936 Spain falls to Fascist Franco with Nazi Germany‟s help
bull Germany bombs Guernica Spain as a dress rehearsal for their new war planes- 1600 innocent civilians were killed
A neutral Europe
bull On your map choose a color for countries that remained as neutral as humanly possible in this case Color and label the following (Good practice for the Map Quiz tomorrow) ndash Switzerland ndash Sweden ndash Republic of Ireland ndash Portugal ndash Spain
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Germany
ndash Italy
ndash Northern Africa
German Expansion
bull What were Hitlerrsquos goals ndash Unite Germans
everywhere ndash Create more living
space bull 1st Move 1938 Annex
Austria his birthplace (easily fell Europe did nothing)
bull 2nd Move 1938 Demand the annexation of the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia which was home to mostly Germans
ndash Munich Conference-Germany ldquopromisedrdquo to not invade any more land so Britain and France persuaded Czechs to surrender the territory
bull Soon to be Prime Minister of Great Britain (1940) Winston Churchill said of the decision ndash ldquoThey had to
chose between war or dishonor They chose dishonor they will have warrdquo
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Austria
ndash Czechoslovakia (Find Czech Republic and
Slovakia) Color them both in
Assignment bull Create your own political cartoon that
expresses the effects of Appeasement and Neutrality upon Europe ndash Create a Catchy Title and Write it on the Top
line in Marker ndash Draw the Picture in the box and COLOR and or
use BLACK MARKER to outline any pencil markshellipyou will not be graded on your drawing ability but you will be graded on your creativity use of historical information neatness overall effort and your ability to stay on task
ndash Sign the bottom
Nazi-Soviet Pact 1939
bull August nonaggression pact between Germany and Soviet Union signed ndash Would not fight if the
other went to war ndash Divide Poland and
Eastern Europe between them bull Soviets reason Gain
territory and time to build arms
bull Germany free to take Poland avoid a two front war (why)
The Poland Promise
bull Hitler didnrsquot stop at the Sudetenland and took more and more of Czechoslovakia
bull Britain and France accepted the failure of appeasement and promised to protect Poland Germany obvious next move ndash September 1939 Nazirsquos invade
Poland and Britain and France honor their agreement declaring war on Germany
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries that are Axis Controlled Color and label the following ndash Poland ndash Yugoslavia (Find Serbia color it all in) ndash Romania ndash Hungary ndash Bulgaria ndash Greece ndash Albania
THE BEGINNINGS OF WWII EARLY AXIS ACHIEVEMENTS
Nazi Blitzkrieg
bull Blitzkrieg ldquoLightning Warrdquo ndash German strategy to
do a series of quick constant attacks to keep the enemy from easily responding bull Easily took Norway
Denmark Netherlands Belgium sites set on France
The Fall of France
bull British troops were evacuated bull German Attacked from the
North bull Italy from the South bull Outnumbered and
demoralized France Falls ndash June 1940 forced to
surrender in the same place Germany was forced to sign the Treaty of Versailles
ndash French officers including Charles de Gaulle escaped to Britain to plan liberation
ndash French continued guerrilla warfare against the Axis powers
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Denmark
ndash Norway
ndash Netherlands
ndash Belgium
ndash France
Operation Sea Lion
bull Battle of Britain-Failure of the Blitz ndash Winston Churchill ldquoWe
shall never surrenderrdquo ndash August 1940 first bombs
by German plains bull 57 Day campaign of
bombing London bull People defiantly
continued their lives 15000 people lost their lives Parliament still met King and Queen went to bomb shelters with citizens
ndash May 1941 Hitler calls it a failure and calls a new strategy
Operation Barbarossa History Repeats itself
bull June 1941 Turned sites on Soviet Union ndash Caught Stalin off guard
leading to the death of 2 frac12 million soldiers in 6 months (Why) bull Nazi-Soviet Pact bull Many top officers assassinated
during Stalinrsquos purge ndash Soviets turned to burning
crops and animals destroying cities to avoid Germans taking them bull Called bull Scorched Earth Policy bull So also like Napoleon what
happens when winter comes
Siege of Leningrad lasts 2 frac12 years bull Millions die of hunger Britain reemerges to help
Soviets with creating a 2 Front War on Germany
US‟s 1941 1 Sided Neutrality
bull Lend-Lease Act FDR can lend war materials to any country whose defense the president thinks is vital to keeping the US safe ndash ldquoArsenal of democracyrdquo lend arms to those fighting for freedom ndash Meaning who in this war
bull Atlantic Charter secret meeting between Churchill and FDR- destroy Nazis people right to chose how they are governed
ldquoA Date which will remain in infamyrdquo
bull Japan is creating a growing Pacific Empire
bull Under Atlantic Charter US stops providing war materials to JapanhellipWhy
bull Japan mad-General Tojo orders attacks on American Military Fleet in Pearl Harbor
bull December 7 1941 declares war on Japan
bull December 11 rest of Axis powers declare war on US
bull Beginning of 1942-Axis powers at their height of control
EUROPEAN SUCCESS
Distrustful Allies
bull Stalin Churchill and FDR distrust each other ndash Stalin fearful Churchill
and FDR deliberately delaying the beginning of Western Front war to weaken Communism
ndash Roosevelt leery Churchill will want to expand British Imperial power
The Side Effects of Total War
bull Allies began Total War (meaning) ndash Men drafted to war ndash Propaganda
bull Posters news broadcasts everything showed the evils of Japanese and Germans Rosie the Riveter pics urged women into factories
ndash Effects ndash Women urged to do their part by
kicking off their dresses and working in factories building war materials
ndash Rationing of food and war materials ndash 1942 Japanese Americans lost their jobs
property and rights by being interned in camps because of fear they were loyal to Japan
bull Began attack in Northern Africa ndash Forced surrender of
Axis army in Northern Africa in May 1943
ndash Staging ground for invasion of Italy
bull Invaded Italy in July 1943
bull Defeated Mussolini by August 1943 ndash Mussolini overthrown
bull Germany weakened by having to fight Allies in Italy to save Mussolini
Northern Africa to Italy
Aug 1942 Battle of Stalingrad
bull 1942 Hitler still stalled outside Leningrad switch to oil rich Stalingrad in the South ndash Germans surrounded
city ndash Soviets from North
surrounded Germans ndash Fought street by street
house by house bull Early 1943 Germans
surrendered and were pushed out of USSR by Aug 1944
D-Day
bull 1944 US General Eisenhower prepared to open second European Front ndash Bombed German factories
cities and aircraft to weaken army
bull June 6 1944 Paratroopers dropped into France at dawn soldiers stormed the beaches of Normandy France others entered through Italy French resisted from inside Paris
bull All of France free by September 1944
Hitler‟s Last Stand
bull Battle of the Bulge Dec 1944- Battle in Ardennes Mts Of Belgium ndash Offensive by Germans to
split the Allied army in half ndash Initially successful but
Allies prevailed pushing into Germany bull April 1945 Americans meet
Soviets at Elbe River bull Mussolini assassinated Hitler
committed suicide and European conflict officially over on VE Day May 8 1945 (Victory in Europe)
WAR IN THE PACIFIC
Bataan Death March
bull May 1942 Japan takes
control of US Phillipines ndash Forced 75000 American
soldiers and Filipino
civilians on a 68 mile
march to remove the
enemy forces from areas
around their next area of
attack bull Starved beaten tortured
murdered
Island Hopping Campaign bull General McArthur
successful at The Battle of Midway in June 1942 ndash Began hopping from
Island to Island retaking Japanese controlled lands
bull British fighting in Burma and Malaya staged from which colony ndash McArthur had vowed to
return to help Philippines Oct 1944 kept promise
Gloom in the Pacific
bull 1945 war in Europe over
all resources into Pacific
but Japan still strong and ndash Japanese began Kamikaze
missions (which are)
ndash Japanese fought to the
death rather than surrender
at Iwo Jima and Okinawa
bull Success seemed far way
The Allies Choice
bull Planned an invasion of Japan but fearful of Allied casualties
bull July 1945 International group of scientists completed the Manhattan Project successfully testing an atomic bomb in what State
bull President Harry Truman (what happened to FDR) gives Emperor Hirohito an ultimatum surrender or face ldquoutter and complete destructionrdquo-Japan ignores
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
bull August 6 1945-Atomic bomb instantly kills 70000 Japanese citizens Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 8 1945-Soviets declare war and invade Manchuria Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 9 1945-US bomb Nagasaki- atomic bomb instantly kills 40000 Japanese
bull August 10th Hirohito forces Japanese military to surrender officially ending the war in September
Atomic Bomb Debate
bull Should the US have dropped the bombs
Why or Why not ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against the use
of atomic bombs to end WWII
ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against keeping
or destroying all atomic bombs now
Effects of the War
bull Mass Casualties ndash 75 million people total
bull 22 million in the Soviet Union alone (most)
bull Nuremberg Trials ndash Axis powers tried for
Crimes against humanity bull 142 Germans and
Austrians (many Nazi leaders) tried and sentenced to death for their associations with the Holocaust
bull Similar trials in Japan for what actions
ndash Served to show military could be held responsible for their actions exposed the horrors of fascists and dictators hoping to secure a place for democracy
Holocaust Facts
bull 6 million Jews 4 million more gypsies Slavic peoples homosexuals or physically handicapped systematically killed
bull Millions more enslaved in work camps used for medical experiments
bull Jews and others fought back ndash Destroyed gas
chambers ndash Hid Jewish people ndash Denmark and Bulgaria
managed to save almost their entire Jewish population
Denmark‟s Jews
bull Niels Bohr (Danish physicist contracted to work on The Manhattan Project in US) snuck out of Denmark to Neutral Sweden for safe passage to US when arrived in Sweden refused to leave to the US until they agreed to offer asylum to all the Danish Jews All Jews were quietly snuck out of Denmark with the help of the failing Danish government and ordinary citizens who had been hiding them during the German occupation
United Nations
bull April 1945 50 nations created the UN Charter in San Francisco
bull 5 permanent members of the Security Council US Britain France Soviet Union (now Russia) and China ndash Can veto the decisions of the others-all must agree in order
to take action often a weakness for the organization bull Dedicated to keeping World Peace through international
peace keeping missions ndash Work towards strengthening education preventing disease
poverty and hunger bull Relies upon local governments for coordination-often
leading to inefficiencies when the governments are the ones creating the problems
Extra Credit Assignment
bull Pretend you are President Harry Truman trying to convince the US Congress to allow the US the join the United Nations since they wanted to stay out of the League of Nations years previously Write a 12 sentence speech convincing Congress to join using what you have learned from WWII and create a propaganda poster to support your speech
bull Due the Day we return from Christmas Break-Will replace a quiz grade with a 100 if done well
A neutral Europe
bull On your map choose a color for countries that remained as neutral as humanly possible in this case Color and label the following (Good practice for the Map Quiz tomorrow) ndash Switzerland ndash Sweden ndash Republic of Ireland ndash Portugal ndash Spain
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Germany
ndash Italy
ndash Northern Africa
German Expansion
bull What were Hitlerrsquos goals ndash Unite Germans
everywhere ndash Create more living
space bull 1st Move 1938 Annex
Austria his birthplace (easily fell Europe did nothing)
bull 2nd Move 1938 Demand the annexation of the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia which was home to mostly Germans
ndash Munich Conference-Germany ldquopromisedrdquo to not invade any more land so Britain and France persuaded Czechs to surrender the territory
bull Soon to be Prime Minister of Great Britain (1940) Winston Churchill said of the decision ndash ldquoThey had to
chose between war or dishonor They chose dishonor they will have warrdquo
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Austria
ndash Czechoslovakia (Find Czech Republic and
Slovakia) Color them both in
Assignment bull Create your own political cartoon that
expresses the effects of Appeasement and Neutrality upon Europe ndash Create a Catchy Title and Write it on the Top
line in Marker ndash Draw the Picture in the box and COLOR and or
use BLACK MARKER to outline any pencil markshellipyou will not be graded on your drawing ability but you will be graded on your creativity use of historical information neatness overall effort and your ability to stay on task
ndash Sign the bottom
Nazi-Soviet Pact 1939
bull August nonaggression pact between Germany and Soviet Union signed ndash Would not fight if the
other went to war ndash Divide Poland and
Eastern Europe between them bull Soviets reason Gain
territory and time to build arms
bull Germany free to take Poland avoid a two front war (why)
The Poland Promise
bull Hitler didnrsquot stop at the Sudetenland and took more and more of Czechoslovakia
bull Britain and France accepted the failure of appeasement and promised to protect Poland Germany obvious next move ndash September 1939 Nazirsquos invade
Poland and Britain and France honor their agreement declaring war on Germany
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries that are Axis Controlled Color and label the following ndash Poland ndash Yugoslavia (Find Serbia color it all in) ndash Romania ndash Hungary ndash Bulgaria ndash Greece ndash Albania
THE BEGINNINGS OF WWII EARLY AXIS ACHIEVEMENTS
Nazi Blitzkrieg
bull Blitzkrieg ldquoLightning Warrdquo ndash German strategy to
do a series of quick constant attacks to keep the enemy from easily responding bull Easily took Norway
Denmark Netherlands Belgium sites set on France
The Fall of France
bull British troops were evacuated bull German Attacked from the
North bull Italy from the South bull Outnumbered and
demoralized France Falls ndash June 1940 forced to
surrender in the same place Germany was forced to sign the Treaty of Versailles
ndash French officers including Charles de Gaulle escaped to Britain to plan liberation
ndash French continued guerrilla warfare against the Axis powers
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Denmark
ndash Norway
ndash Netherlands
ndash Belgium
ndash France
Operation Sea Lion
bull Battle of Britain-Failure of the Blitz ndash Winston Churchill ldquoWe
shall never surrenderrdquo ndash August 1940 first bombs
by German plains bull 57 Day campaign of
bombing London bull People defiantly
continued their lives 15000 people lost their lives Parliament still met King and Queen went to bomb shelters with citizens
ndash May 1941 Hitler calls it a failure and calls a new strategy
Operation Barbarossa History Repeats itself
bull June 1941 Turned sites on Soviet Union ndash Caught Stalin off guard
leading to the death of 2 frac12 million soldiers in 6 months (Why) bull Nazi-Soviet Pact bull Many top officers assassinated
during Stalinrsquos purge ndash Soviets turned to burning
crops and animals destroying cities to avoid Germans taking them bull Called bull Scorched Earth Policy bull So also like Napoleon what
happens when winter comes
Siege of Leningrad lasts 2 frac12 years bull Millions die of hunger Britain reemerges to help
Soviets with creating a 2 Front War on Germany
US‟s 1941 1 Sided Neutrality
bull Lend-Lease Act FDR can lend war materials to any country whose defense the president thinks is vital to keeping the US safe ndash ldquoArsenal of democracyrdquo lend arms to those fighting for freedom ndash Meaning who in this war
bull Atlantic Charter secret meeting between Churchill and FDR- destroy Nazis people right to chose how they are governed
ldquoA Date which will remain in infamyrdquo
bull Japan is creating a growing Pacific Empire
bull Under Atlantic Charter US stops providing war materials to JapanhellipWhy
bull Japan mad-General Tojo orders attacks on American Military Fleet in Pearl Harbor
bull December 7 1941 declares war on Japan
bull December 11 rest of Axis powers declare war on US
bull Beginning of 1942-Axis powers at their height of control
EUROPEAN SUCCESS
Distrustful Allies
bull Stalin Churchill and FDR distrust each other ndash Stalin fearful Churchill
and FDR deliberately delaying the beginning of Western Front war to weaken Communism
ndash Roosevelt leery Churchill will want to expand British Imperial power
The Side Effects of Total War
bull Allies began Total War (meaning) ndash Men drafted to war ndash Propaganda
bull Posters news broadcasts everything showed the evils of Japanese and Germans Rosie the Riveter pics urged women into factories
ndash Effects ndash Women urged to do their part by
kicking off their dresses and working in factories building war materials
ndash Rationing of food and war materials ndash 1942 Japanese Americans lost their jobs
property and rights by being interned in camps because of fear they were loyal to Japan
bull Began attack in Northern Africa ndash Forced surrender of
Axis army in Northern Africa in May 1943
ndash Staging ground for invasion of Italy
bull Invaded Italy in July 1943
bull Defeated Mussolini by August 1943 ndash Mussolini overthrown
bull Germany weakened by having to fight Allies in Italy to save Mussolini
Northern Africa to Italy
Aug 1942 Battle of Stalingrad
bull 1942 Hitler still stalled outside Leningrad switch to oil rich Stalingrad in the South ndash Germans surrounded
city ndash Soviets from North
surrounded Germans ndash Fought street by street
house by house bull Early 1943 Germans
surrendered and were pushed out of USSR by Aug 1944
D-Day
bull 1944 US General Eisenhower prepared to open second European Front ndash Bombed German factories
cities and aircraft to weaken army
bull June 6 1944 Paratroopers dropped into France at dawn soldiers stormed the beaches of Normandy France others entered through Italy French resisted from inside Paris
bull All of France free by September 1944
Hitler‟s Last Stand
bull Battle of the Bulge Dec 1944- Battle in Ardennes Mts Of Belgium ndash Offensive by Germans to
split the Allied army in half ndash Initially successful but
Allies prevailed pushing into Germany bull April 1945 Americans meet
Soviets at Elbe River bull Mussolini assassinated Hitler
committed suicide and European conflict officially over on VE Day May 8 1945 (Victory in Europe)
WAR IN THE PACIFIC
Bataan Death March
bull May 1942 Japan takes
control of US Phillipines ndash Forced 75000 American
soldiers and Filipino
civilians on a 68 mile
march to remove the
enemy forces from areas
around their next area of
attack bull Starved beaten tortured
murdered
Island Hopping Campaign bull General McArthur
successful at The Battle of Midway in June 1942 ndash Began hopping from
Island to Island retaking Japanese controlled lands
bull British fighting in Burma and Malaya staged from which colony ndash McArthur had vowed to
return to help Philippines Oct 1944 kept promise
Gloom in the Pacific
bull 1945 war in Europe over
all resources into Pacific
but Japan still strong and ndash Japanese began Kamikaze
missions (which are)
ndash Japanese fought to the
death rather than surrender
at Iwo Jima and Okinawa
bull Success seemed far way
The Allies Choice
bull Planned an invasion of Japan but fearful of Allied casualties
bull July 1945 International group of scientists completed the Manhattan Project successfully testing an atomic bomb in what State
bull President Harry Truman (what happened to FDR) gives Emperor Hirohito an ultimatum surrender or face ldquoutter and complete destructionrdquo-Japan ignores
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
bull August 6 1945-Atomic bomb instantly kills 70000 Japanese citizens Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 8 1945-Soviets declare war and invade Manchuria Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 9 1945-US bomb Nagasaki- atomic bomb instantly kills 40000 Japanese
bull August 10th Hirohito forces Japanese military to surrender officially ending the war in September
Atomic Bomb Debate
bull Should the US have dropped the bombs
Why or Why not ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against the use
of atomic bombs to end WWII
ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against keeping
or destroying all atomic bombs now
Effects of the War
bull Mass Casualties ndash 75 million people total
bull 22 million in the Soviet Union alone (most)
bull Nuremberg Trials ndash Axis powers tried for
Crimes against humanity bull 142 Germans and
Austrians (many Nazi leaders) tried and sentenced to death for their associations with the Holocaust
bull Similar trials in Japan for what actions
ndash Served to show military could be held responsible for their actions exposed the horrors of fascists and dictators hoping to secure a place for democracy
Holocaust Facts
bull 6 million Jews 4 million more gypsies Slavic peoples homosexuals or physically handicapped systematically killed
bull Millions more enslaved in work camps used for medical experiments
bull Jews and others fought back ndash Destroyed gas
chambers ndash Hid Jewish people ndash Denmark and Bulgaria
managed to save almost their entire Jewish population
Denmark‟s Jews
bull Niels Bohr (Danish physicist contracted to work on The Manhattan Project in US) snuck out of Denmark to Neutral Sweden for safe passage to US when arrived in Sweden refused to leave to the US until they agreed to offer asylum to all the Danish Jews All Jews were quietly snuck out of Denmark with the help of the failing Danish government and ordinary citizens who had been hiding them during the German occupation
United Nations
bull April 1945 50 nations created the UN Charter in San Francisco
bull 5 permanent members of the Security Council US Britain France Soviet Union (now Russia) and China ndash Can veto the decisions of the others-all must agree in order
to take action often a weakness for the organization bull Dedicated to keeping World Peace through international
peace keeping missions ndash Work towards strengthening education preventing disease
poverty and hunger bull Relies upon local governments for coordination-often
leading to inefficiencies when the governments are the ones creating the problems
Extra Credit Assignment
bull Pretend you are President Harry Truman trying to convince the US Congress to allow the US the join the United Nations since they wanted to stay out of the League of Nations years previously Write a 12 sentence speech convincing Congress to join using what you have learned from WWII and create a propaganda poster to support your speech
bull Due the Day we return from Christmas Break-Will replace a quiz grade with a 100 if done well
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Germany
ndash Italy
ndash Northern Africa
German Expansion
bull What were Hitlerrsquos goals ndash Unite Germans
everywhere ndash Create more living
space bull 1st Move 1938 Annex
Austria his birthplace (easily fell Europe did nothing)
bull 2nd Move 1938 Demand the annexation of the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia which was home to mostly Germans
ndash Munich Conference-Germany ldquopromisedrdquo to not invade any more land so Britain and France persuaded Czechs to surrender the territory
bull Soon to be Prime Minister of Great Britain (1940) Winston Churchill said of the decision ndash ldquoThey had to
chose between war or dishonor They chose dishonor they will have warrdquo
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Austria
ndash Czechoslovakia (Find Czech Republic and
Slovakia) Color them both in
Assignment bull Create your own political cartoon that
expresses the effects of Appeasement and Neutrality upon Europe ndash Create a Catchy Title and Write it on the Top
line in Marker ndash Draw the Picture in the box and COLOR and or
use BLACK MARKER to outline any pencil markshellipyou will not be graded on your drawing ability but you will be graded on your creativity use of historical information neatness overall effort and your ability to stay on task
ndash Sign the bottom
Nazi-Soviet Pact 1939
bull August nonaggression pact between Germany and Soviet Union signed ndash Would not fight if the
other went to war ndash Divide Poland and
Eastern Europe between them bull Soviets reason Gain
territory and time to build arms
bull Germany free to take Poland avoid a two front war (why)
The Poland Promise
bull Hitler didnrsquot stop at the Sudetenland and took more and more of Czechoslovakia
bull Britain and France accepted the failure of appeasement and promised to protect Poland Germany obvious next move ndash September 1939 Nazirsquos invade
Poland and Britain and France honor their agreement declaring war on Germany
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries that are Axis Controlled Color and label the following ndash Poland ndash Yugoslavia (Find Serbia color it all in) ndash Romania ndash Hungary ndash Bulgaria ndash Greece ndash Albania
THE BEGINNINGS OF WWII EARLY AXIS ACHIEVEMENTS
Nazi Blitzkrieg
bull Blitzkrieg ldquoLightning Warrdquo ndash German strategy to
do a series of quick constant attacks to keep the enemy from easily responding bull Easily took Norway
Denmark Netherlands Belgium sites set on France
The Fall of France
bull British troops were evacuated bull German Attacked from the
North bull Italy from the South bull Outnumbered and
demoralized France Falls ndash June 1940 forced to
surrender in the same place Germany was forced to sign the Treaty of Versailles
ndash French officers including Charles de Gaulle escaped to Britain to plan liberation
ndash French continued guerrilla warfare against the Axis powers
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Denmark
ndash Norway
ndash Netherlands
ndash Belgium
ndash France
Operation Sea Lion
bull Battle of Britain-Failure of the Blitz ndash Winston Churchill ldquoWe
shall never surrenderrdquo ndash August 1940 first bombs
by German plains bull 57 Day campaign of
bombing London bull People defiantly
continued their lives 15000 people lost their lives Parliament still met King and Queen went to bomb shelters with citizens
ndash May 1941 Hitler calls it a failure and calls a new strategy
Operation Barbarossa History Repeats itself
bull June 1941 Turned sites on Soviet Union ndash Caught Stalin off guard
leading to the death of 2 frac12 million soldiers in 6 months (Why) bull Nazi-Soviet Pact bull Many top officers assassinated
during Stalinrsquos purge ndash Soviets turned to burning
crops and animals destroying cities to avoid Germans taking them bull Called bull Scorched Earth Policy bull So also like Napoleon what
happens when winter comes
Siege of Leningrad lasts 2 frac12 years bull Millions die of hunger Britain reemerges to help
Soviets with creating a 2 Front War on Germany
US‟s 1941 1 Sided Neutrality
bull Lend-Lease Act FDR can lend war materials to any country whose defense the president thinks is vital to keeping the US safe ndash ldquoArsenal of democracyrdquo lend arms to those fighting for freedom ndash Meaning who in this war
bull Atlantic Charter secret meeting between Churchill and FDR- destroy Nazis people right to chose how they are governed
ldquoA Date which will remain in infamyrdquo
bull Japan is creating a growing Pacific Empire
bull Under Atlantic Charter US stops providing war materials to JapanhellipWhy
bull Japan mad-General Tojo orders attacks on American Military Fleet in Pearl Harbor
bull December 7 1941 declares war on Japan
bull December 11 rest of Axis powers declare war on US
bull Beginning of 1942-Axis powers at their height of control
EUROPEAN SUCCESS
Distrustful Allies
bull Stalin Churchill and FDR distrust each other ndash Stalin fearful Churchill
and FDR deliberately delaying the beginning of Western Front war to weaken Communism
ndash Roosevelt leery Churchill will want to expand British Imperial power
The Side Effects of Total War
bull Allies began Total War (meaning) ndash Men drafted to war ndash Propaganda
bull Posters news broadcasts everything showed the evils of Japanese and Germans Rosie the Riveter pics urged women into factories
ndash Effects ndash Women urged to do their part by
kicking off their dresses and working in factories building war materials
ndash Rationing of food and war materials ndash 1942 Japanese Americans lost their jobs
property and rights by being interned in camps because of fear they were loyal to Japan
bull Began attack in Northern Africa ndash Forced surrender of
Axis army in Northern Africa in May 1943
ndash Staging ground for invasion of Italy
bull Invaded Italy in July 1943
bull Defeated Mussolini by August 1943 ndash Mussolini overthrown
bull Germany weakened by having to fight Allies in Italy to save Mussolini
Northern Africa to Italy
Aug 1942 Battle of Stalingrad
bull 1942 Hitler still stalled outside Leningrad switch to oil rich Stalingrad in the South ndash Germans surrounded
city ndash Soviets from North
surrounded Germans ndash Fought street by street
house by house bull Early 1943 Germans
surrendered and were pushed out of USSR by Aug 1944
D-Day
bull 1944 US General Eisenhower prepared to open second European Front ndash Bombed German factories
cities and aircraft to weaken army
bull June 6 1944 Paratroopers dropped into France at dawn soldiers stormed the beaches of Normandy France others entered through Italy French resisted from inside Paris
bull All of France free by September 1944
Hitler‟s Last Stand
bull Battle of the Bulge Dec 1944- Battle in Ardennes Mts Of Belgium ndash Offensive by Germans to
split the Allied army in half ndash Initially successful but
Allies prevailed pushing into Germany bull April 1945 Americans meet
Soviets at Elbe River bull Mussolini assassinated Hitler
committed suicide and European conflict officially over on VE Day May 8 1945 (Victory in Europe)
WAR IN THE PACIFIC
Bataan Death March
bull May 1942 Japan takes
control of US Phillipines ndash Forced 75000 American
soldiers and Filipino
civilians on a 68 mile
march to remove the
enemy forces from areas
around their next area of
attack bull Starved beaten tortured
murdered
Island Hopping Campaign bull General McArthur
successful at The Battle of Midway in June 1942 ndash Began hopping from
Island to Island retaking Japanese controlled lands
bull British fighting in Burma and Malaya staged from which colony ndash McArthur had vowed to
return to help Philippines Oct 1944 kept promise
Gloom in the Pacific
bull 1945 war in Europe over
all resources into Pacific
but Japan still strong and ndash Japanese began Kamikaze
missions (which are)
ndash Japanese fought to the
death rather than surrender
at Iwo Jima and Okinawa
bull Success seemed far way
The Allies Choice
bull Planned an invasion of Japan but fearful of Allied casualties
bull July 1945 International group of scientists completed the Manhattan Project successfully testing an atomic bomb in what State
bull President Harry Truman (what happened to FDR) gives Emperor Hirohito an ultimatum surrender or face ldquoutter and complete destructionrdquo-Japan ignores
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
bull August 6 1945-Atomic bomb instantly kills 70000 Japanese citizens Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 8 1945-Soviets declare war and invade Manchuria Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 9 1945-US bomb Nagasaki- atomic bomb instantly kills 40000 Japanese
bull August 10th Hirohito forces Japanese military to surrender officially ending the war in September
Atomic Bomb Debate
bull Should the US have dropped the bombs
Why or Why not ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against the use
of atomic bombs to end WWII
ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against keeping
or destroying all atomic bombs now
Effects of the War
bull Mass Casualties ndash 75 million people total
bull 22 million in the Soviet Union alone (most)
bull Nuremberg Trials ndash Axis powers tried for
Crimes against humanity bull 142 Germans and
Austrians (many Nazi leaders) tried and sentenced to death for their associations with the Holocaust
bull Similar trials in Japan for what actions
ndash Served to show military could be held responsible for their actions exposed the horrors of fascists and dictators hoping to secure a place for democracy
Holocaust Facts
bull 6 million Jews 4 million more gypsies Slavic peoples homosexuals or physically handicapped systematically killed
bull Millions more enslaved in work camps used for medical experiments
bull Jews and others fought back ndash Destroyed gas
chambers ndash Hid Jewish people ndash Denmark and Bulgaria
managed to save almost their entire Jewish population
Denmark‟s Jews
bull Niels Bohr (Danish physicist contracted to work on The Manhattan Project in US) snuck out of Denmark to Neutral Sweden for safe passage to US when arrived in Sweden refused to leave to the US until they agreed to offer asylum to all the Danish Jews All Jews were quietly snuck out of Denmark with the help of the failing Danish government and ordinary citizens who had been hiding them during the German occupation
United Nations
bull April 1945 50 nations created the UN Charter in San Francisco
bull 5 permanent members of the Security Council US Britain France Soviet Union (now Russia) and China ndash Can veto the decisions of the others-all must agree in order
to take action often a weakness for the organization bull Dedicated to keeping World Peace through international
peace keeping missions ndash Work towards strengthening education preventing disease
poverty and hunger bull Relies upon local governments for coordination-often
leading to inefficiencies when the governments are the ones creating the problems
Extra Credit Assignment
bull Pretend you are President Harry Truman trying to convince the US Congress to allow the US the join the United Nations since they wanted to stay out of the League of Nations years previously Write a 12 sentence speech convincing Congress to join using what you have learned from WWII and create a propaganda poster to support your speech
bull Due the Day we return from Christmas Break-Will replace a quiz grade with a 100 if done well
German Expansion
bull What were Hitlerrsquos goals ndash Unite Germans
everywhere ndash Create more living
space bull 1st Move 1938 Annex
Austria his birthplace (easily fell Europe did nothing)
bull 2nd Move 1938 Demand the annexation of the Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia which was home to mostly Germans
ndash Munich Conference-Germany ldquopromisedrdquo to not invade any more land so Britain and France persuaded Czechs to surrender the territory
bull Soon to be Prime Minister of Great Britain (1940) Winston Churchill said of the decision ndash ldquoThey had to
chose between war or dishonor They chose dishonor they will have warrdquo
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Austria
ndash Czechoslovakia (Find Czech Republic and
Slovakia) Color them both in
Assignment bull Create your own political cartoon that
expresses the effects of Appeasement and Neutrality upon Europe ndash Create a Catchy Title and Write it on the Top
line in Marker ndash Draw the Picture in the box and COLOR and or
use BLACK MARKER to outline any pencil markshellipyou will not be graded on your drawing ability but you will be graded on your creativity use of historical information neatness overall effort and your ability to stay on task
ndash Sign the bottom
Nazi-Soviet Pact 1939
bull August nonaggression pact between Germany and Soviet Union signed ndash Would not fight if the
other went to war ndash Divide Poland and
Eastern Europe between them bull Soviets reason Gain
territory and time to build arms
bull Germany free to take Poland avoid a two front war (why)
The Poland Promise
bull Hitler didnrsquot stop at the Sudetenland and took more and more of Czechoslovakia
bull Britain and France accepted the failure of appeasement and promised to protect Poland Germany obvious next move ndash September 1939 Nazirsquos invade
Poland and Britain and France honor their agreement declaring war on Germany
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries that are Axis Controlled Color and label the following ndash Poland ndash Yugoslavia (Find Serbia color it all in) ndash Romania ndash Hungary ndash Bulgaria ndash Greece ndash Albania
THE BEGINNINGS OF WWII EARLY AXIS ACHIEVEMENTS
Nazi Blitzkrieg
bull Blitzkrieg ldquoLightning Warrdquo ndash German strategy to
do a series of quick constant attacks to keep the enemy from easily responding bull Easily took Norway
Denmark Netherlands Belgium sites set on France
The Fall of France
bull British troops were evacuated bull German Attacked from the
North bull Italy from the South bull Outnumbered and
demoralized France Falls ndash June 1940 forced to
surrender in the same place Germany was forced to sign the Treaty of Versailles
ndash French officers including Charles de Gaulle escaped to Britain to plan liberation
ndash French continued guerrilla warfare against the Axis powers
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Denmark
ndash Norway
ndash Netherlands
ndash Belgium
ndash France
Operation Sea Lion
bull Battle of Britain-Failure of the Blitz ndash Winston Churchill ldquoWe
shall never surrenderrdquo ndash August 1940 first bombs
by German plains bull 57 Day campaign of
bombing London bull People defiantly
continued their lives 15000 people lost their lives Parliament still met King and Queen went to bomb shelters with citizens
ndash May 1941 Hitler calls it a failure and calls a new strategy
Operation Barbarossa History Repeats itself
bull June 1941 Turned sites on Soviet Union ndash Caught Stalin off guard
leading to the death of 2 frac12 million soldiers in 6 months (Why) bull Nazi-Soviet Pact bull Many top officers assassinated
during Stalinrsquos purge ndash Soviets turned to burning
crops and animals destroying cities to avoid Germans taking them bull Called bull Scorched Earth Policy bull So also like Napoleon what
happens when winter comes
Siege of Leningrad lasts 2 frac12 years bull Millions die of hunger Britain reemerges to help
Soviets with creating a 2 Front War on Germany
US‟s 1941 1 Sided Neutrality
bull Lend-Lease Act FDR can lend war materials to any country whose defense the president thinks is vital to keeping the US safe ndash ldquoArsenal of democracyrdquo lend arms to those fighting for freedom ndash Meaning who in this war
bull Atlantic Charter secret meeting between Churchill and FDR- destroy Nazis people right to chose how they are governed
ldquoA Date which will remain in infamyrdquo
bull Japan is creating a growing Pacific Empire
bull Under Atlantic Charter US stops providing war materials to JapanhellipWhy
bull Japan mad-General Tojo orders attacks on American Military Fleet in Pearl Harbor
bull December 7 1941 declares war on Japan
bull December 11 rest of Axis powers declare war on US
bull Beginning of 1942-Axis powers at their height of control
EUROPEAN SUCCESS
Distrustful Allies
bull Stalin Churchill and FDR distrust each other ndash Stalin fearful Churchill
and FDR deliberately delaying the beginning of Western Front war to weaken Communism
ndash Roosevelt leery Churchill will want to expand British Imperial power
The Side Effects of Total War
bull Allies began Total War (meaning) ndash Men drafted to war ndash Propaganda
bull Posters news broadcasts everything showed the evils of Japanese and Germans Rosie the Riveter pics urged women into factories
ndash Effects ndash Women urged to do their part by
kicking off their dresses and working in factories building war materials
ndash Rationing of food and war materials ndash 1942 Japanese Americans lost their jobs
property and rights by being interned in camps because of fear they were loyal to Japan
bull Began attack in Northern Africa ndash Forced surrender of
Axis army in Northern Africa in May 1943
ndash Staging ground for invasion of Italy
bull Invaded Italy in July 1943
bull Defeated Mussolini by August 1943 ndash Mussolini overthrown
bull Germany weakened by having to fight Allies in Italy to save Mussolini
Northern Africa to Italy
Aug 1942 Battle of Stalingrad
bull 1942 Hitler still stalled outside Leningrad switch to oil rich Stalingrad in the South ndash Germans surrounded
city ndash Soviets from North
surrounded Germans ndash Fought street by street
house by house bull Early 1943 Germans
surrendered and were pushed out of USSR by Aug 1944
D-Day
bull 1944 US General Eisenhower prepared to open second European Front ndash Bombed German factories
cities and aircraft to weaken army
bull June 6 1944 Paratroopers dropped into France at dawn soldiers stormed the beaches of Normandy France others entered through Italy French resisted from inside Paris
bull All of France free by September 1944
Hitler‟s Last Stand
bull Battle of the Bulge Dec 1944- Battle in Ardennes Mts Of Belgium ndash Offensive by Germans to
split the Allied army in half ndash Initially successful but
Allies prevailed pushing into Germany bull April 1945 Americans meet
Soviets at Elbe River bull Mussolini assassinated Hitler
committed suicide and European conflict officially over on VE Day May 8 1945 (Victory in Europe)
WAR IN THE PACIFIC
Bataan Death March
bull May 1942 Japan takes
control of US Phillipines ndash Forced 75000 American
soldiers and Filipino
civilians on a 68 mile
march to remove the
enemy forces from areas
around their next area of
attack bull Starved beaten tortured
murdered
Island Hopping Campaign bull General McArthur
successful at The Battle of Midway in June 1942 ndash Began hopping from
Island to Island retaking Japanese controlled lands
bull British fighting in Burma and Malaya staged from which colony ndash McArthur had vowed to
return to help Philippines Oct 1944 kept promise
Gloom in the Pacific
bull 1945 war in Europe over
all resources into Pacific
but Japan still strong and ndash Japanese began Kamikaze
missions (which are)
ndash Japanese fought to the
death rather than surrender
at Iwo Jima and Okinawa
bull Success seemed far way
The Allies Choice
bull Planned an invasion of Japan but fearful of Allied casualties
bull July 1945 International group of scientists completed the Manhattan Project successfully testing an atomic bomb in what State
bull President Harry Truman (what happened to FDR) gives Emperor Hirohito an ultimatum surrender or face ldquoutter and complete destructionrdquo-Japan ignores
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
bull August 6 1945-Atomic bomb instantly kills 70000 Japanese citizens Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 8 1945-Soviets declare war and invade Manchuria Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 9 1945-US bomb Nagasaki- atomic bomb instantly kills 40000 Japanese
bull August 10th Hirohito forces Japanese military to surrender officially ending the war in September
Atomic Bomb Debate
bull Should the US have dropped the bombs
Why or Why not ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against the use
of atomic bombs to end WWII
ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against keeping
or destroying all atomic bombs now
Effects of the War
bull Mass Casualties ndash 75 million people total
bull 22 million in the Soviet Union alone (most)
bull Nuremberg Trials ndash Axis powers tried for
Crimes against humanity bull 142 Germans and
Austrians (many Nazi leaders) tried and sentenced to death for their associations with the Holocaust
bull Similar trials in Japan for what actions
ndash Served to show military could be held responsible for their actions exposed the horrors of fascists and dictators hoping to secure a place for democracy
Holocaust Facts
bull 6 million Jews 4 million more gypsies Slavic peoples homosexuals or physically handicapped systematically killed
bull Millions more enslaved in work camps used for medical experiments
bull Jews and others fought back ndash Destroyed gas
chambers ndash Hid Jewish people ndash Denmark and Bulgaria
managed to save almost their entire Jewish population
Denmark‟s Jews
bull Niels Bohr (Danish physicist contracted to work on The Manhattan Project in US) snuck out of Denmark to Neutral Sweden for safe passage to US when arrived in Sweden refused to leave to the US until they agreed to offer asylum to all the Danish Jews All Jews were quietly snuck out of Denmark with the help of the failing Danish government and ordinary citizens who had been hiding them during the German occupation
United Nations
bull April 1945 50 nations created the UN Charter in San Francisco
bull 5 permanent members of the Security Council US Britain France Soviet Union (now Russia) and China ndash Can veto the decisions of the others-all must agree in order
to take action often a weakness for the organization bull Dedicated to keeping World Peace through international
peace keeping missions ndash Work towards strengthening education preventing disease
poverty and hunger bull Relies upon local governments for coordination-often
leading to inefficiencies when the governments are the ones creating the problems
Extra Credit Assignment
bull Pretend you are President Harry Truman trying to convince the US Congress to allow the US the join the United Nations since they wanted to stay out of the League of Nations years previously Write a 12 sentence speech convincing Congress to join using what you have learned from WWII and create a propaganda poster to support your speech
bull Due the Day we return from Christmas Break-Will replace a quiz grade with a 100 if done well
bull Soon to be Prime Minister of Great Britain (1940) Winston Churchill said of the decision ndash ldquoThey had to
chose between war or dishonor They chose dishonor they will have warrdquo
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Austria
ndash Czechoslovakia (Find Czech Republic and
Slovakia) Color them both in
Assignment bull Create your own political cartoon that
expresses the effects of Appeasement and Neutrality upon Europe ndash Create a Catchy Title and Write it on the Top
line in Marker ndash Draw the Picture in the box and COLOR and or
use BLACK MARKER to outline any pencil markshellipyou will not be graded on your drawing ability but you will be graded on your creativity use of historical information neatness overall effort and your ability to stay on task
ndash Sign the bottom
Nazi-Soviet Pact 1939
bull August nonaggression pact between Germany and Soviet Union signed ndash Would not fight if the
other went to war ndash Divide Poland and
Eastern Europe between them bull Soviets reason Gain
territory and time to build arms
bull Germany free to take Poland avoid a two front war (why)
The Poland Promise
bull Hitler didnrsquot stop at the Sudetenland and took more and more of Czechoslovakia
bull Britain and France accepted the failure of appeasement and promised to protect Poland Germany obvious next move ndash September 1939 Nazirsquos invade
Poland and Britain and France honor their agreement declaring war on Germany
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries that are Axis Controlled Color and label the following ndash Poland ndash Yugoslavia (Find Serbia color it all in) ndash Romania ndash Hungary ndash Bulgaria ndash Greece ndash Albania
THE BEGINNINGS OF WWII EARLY AXIS ACHIEVEMENTS
Nazi Blitzkrieg
bull Blitzkrieg ldquoLightning Warrdquo ndash German strategy to
do a series of quick constant attacks to keep the enemy from easily responding bull Easily took Norway
Denmark Netherlands Belgium sites set on France
The Fall of France
bull British troops were evacuated bull German Attacked from the
North bull Italy from the South bull Outnumbered and
demoralized France Falls ndash June 1940 forced to
surrender in the same place Germany was forced to sign the Treaty of Versailles
ndash French officers including Charles de Gaulle escaped to Britain to plan liberation
ndash French continued guerrilla warfare against the Axis powers
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Denmark
ndash Norway
ndash Netherlands
ndash Belgium
ndash France
Operation Sea Lion
bull Battle of Britain-Failure of the Blitz ndash Winston Churchill ldquoWe
shall never surrenderrdquo ndash August 1940 first bombs
by German plains bull 57 Day campaign of
bombing London bull People defiantly
continued their lives 15000 people lost their lives Parliament still met King and Queen went to bomb shelters with citizens
ndash May 1941 Hitler calls it a failure and calls a new strategy
Operation Barbarossa History Repeats itself
bull June 1941 Turned sites on Soviet Union ndash Caught Stalin off guard
leading to the death of 2 frac12 million soldiers in 6 months (Why) bull Nazi-Soviet Pact bull Many top officers assassinated
during Stalinrsquos purge ndash Soviets turned to burning
crops and animals destroying cities to avoid Germans taking them bull Called bull Scorched Earth Policy bull So also like Napoleon what
happens when winter comes
Siege of Leningrad lasts 2 frac12 years bull Millions die of hunger Britain reemerges to help
Soviets with creating a 2 Front War on Germany
US‟s 1941 1 Sided Neutrality
bull Lend-Lease Act FDR can lend war materials to any country whose defense the president thinks is vital to keeping the US safe ndash ldquoArsenal of democracyrdquo lend arms to those fighting for freedom ndash Meaning who in this war
bull Atlantic Charter secret meeting between Churchill and FDR- destroy Nazis people right to chose how they are governed
ldquoA Date which will remain in infamyrdquo
bull Japan is creating a growing Pacific Empire
bull Under Atlantic Charter US stops providing war materials to JapanhellipWhy
bull Japan mad-General Tojo orders attacks on American Military Fleet in Pearl Harbor
bull December 7 1941 declares war on Japan
bull December 11 rest of Axis powers declare war on US
bull Beginning of 1942-Axis powers at their height of control
EUROPEAN SUCCESS
Distrustful Allies
bull Stalin Churchill and FDR distrust each other ndash Stalin fearful Churchill
and FDR deliberately delaying the beginning of Western Front war to weaken Communism
ndash Roosevelt leery Churchill will want to expand British Imperial power
The Side Effects of Total War
bull Allies began Total War (meaning) ndash Men drafted to war ndash Propaganda
bull Posters news broadcasts everything showed the evils of Japanese and Germans Rosie the Riveter pics urged women into factories
ndash Effects ndash Women urged to do their part by
kicking off their dresses and working in factories building war materials
ndash Rationing of food and war materials ndash 1942 Japanese Americans lost their jobs
property and rights by being interned in camps because of fear they were loyal to Japan
bull Began attack in Northern Africa ndash Forced surrender of
Axis army in Northern Africa in May 1943
ndash Staging ground for invasion of Italy
bull Invaded Italy in July 1943
bull Defeated Mussolini by August 1943 ndash Mussolini overthrown
bull Germany weakened by having to fight Allies in Italy to save Mussolini
Northern Africa to Italy
Aug 1942 Battle of Stalingrad
bull 1942 Hitler still stalled outside Leningrad switch to oil rich Stalingrad in the South ndash Germans surrounded
city ndash Soviets from North
surrounded Germans ndash Fought street by street
house by house bull Early 1943 Germans
surrendered and were pushed out of USSR by Aug 1944
D-Day
bull 1944 US General Eisenhower prepared to open second European Front ndash Bombed German factories
cities and aircraft to weaken army
bull June 6 1944 Paratroopers dropped into France at dawn soldiers stormed the beaches of Normandy France others entered through Italy French resisted from inside Paris
bull All of France free by September 1944
Hitler‟s Last Stand
bull Battle of the Bulge Dec 1944- Battle in Ardennes Mts Of Belgium ndash Offensive by Germans to
split the Allied army in half ndash Initially successful but
Allies prevailed pushing into Germany bull April 1945 Americans meet
Soviets at Elbe River bull Mussolini assassinated Hitler
committed suicide and European conflict officially over on VE Day May 8 1945 (Victory in Europe)
WAR IN THE PACIFIC
Bataan Death March
bull May 1942 Japan takes
control of US Phillipines ndash Forced 75000 American
soldiers and Filipino
civilians on a 68 mile
march to remove the
enemy forces from areas
around their next area of
attack bull Starved beaten tortured
murdered
Island Hopping Campaign bull General McArthur
successful at The Battle of Midway in June 1942 ndash Began hopping from
Island to Island retaking Japanese controlled lands
bull British fighting in Burma and Malaya staged from which colony ndash McArthur had vowed to
return to help Philippines Oct 1944 kept promise
Gloom in the Pacific
bull 1945 war in Europe over
all resources into Pacific
but Japan still strong and ndash Japanese began Kamikaze
missions (which are)
ndash Japanese fought to the
death rather than surrender
at Iwo Jima and Okinawa
bull Success seemed far way
The Allies Choice
bull Planned an invasion of Japan but fearful of Allied casualties
bull July 1945 International group of scientists completed the Manhattan Project successfully testing an atomic bomb in what State
bull President Harry Truman (what happened to FDR) gives Emperor Hirohito an ultimatum surrender or face ldquoutter and complete destructionrdquo-Japan ignores
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
bull August 6 1945-Atomic bomb instantly kills 70000 Japanese citizens Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 8 1945-Soviets declare war and invade Manchuria Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 9 1945-US bomb Nagasaki- atomic bomb instantly kills 40000 Japanese
bull August 10th Hirohito forces Japanese military to surrender officially ending the war in September
Atomic Bomb Debate
bull Should the US have dropped the bombs
Why or Why not ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against the use
of atomic bombs to end WWII
ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against keeping
or destroying all atomic bombs now
Effects of the War
bull Mass Casualties ndash 75 million people total
bull 22 million in the Soviet Union alone (most)
bull Nuremberg Trials ndash Axis powers tried for
Crimes against humanity bull 142 Germans and
Austrians (many Nazi leaders) tried and sentenced to death for their associations with the Holocaust
bull Similar trials in Japan for what actions
ndash Served to show military could be held responsible for their actions exposed the horrors of fascists and dictators hoping to secure a place for democracy
Holocaust Facts
bull 6 million Jews 4 million more gypsies Slavic peoples homosexuals or physically handicapped systematically killed
bull Millions more enslaved in work camps used for medical experiments
bull Jews and others fought back ndash Destroyed gas
chambers ndash Hid Jewish people ndash Denmark and Bulgaria
managed to save almost their entire Jewish population
Denmark‟s Jews
bull Niels Bohr (Danish physicist contracted to work on The Manhattan Project in US) snuck out of Denmark to Neutral Sweden for safe passage to US when arrived in Sweden refused to leave to the US until they agreed to offer asylum to all the Danish Jews All Jews were quietly snuck out of Denmark with the help of the failing Danish government and ordinary citizens who had been hiding them during the German occupation
United Nations
bull April 1945 50 nations created the UN Charter in San Francisco
bull 5 permanent members of the Security Council US Britain France Soviet Union (now Russia) and China ndash Can veto the decisions of the others-all must agree in order
to take action often a weakness for the organization bull Dedicated to keeping World Peace through international
peace keeping missions ndash Work towards strengthening education preventing disease
poverty and hunger bull Relies upon local governments for coordination-often
leading to inefficiencies when the governments are the ones creating the problems
Extra Credit Assignment
bull Pretend you are President Harry Truman trying to convince the US Congress to allow the US the join the United Nations since they wanted to stay out of the League of Nations years previously Write a 12 sentence speech convincing Congress to join using what you have learned from WWII and create a propaganda poster to support your speech
bull Due the Day we return from Christmas Break-Will replace a quiz grade with a 100 if done well
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Austria
ndash Czechoslovakia (Find Czech Republic and
Slovakia) Color them both in
Assignment bull Create your own political cartoon that
expresses the effects of Appeasement and Neutrality upon Europe ndash Create a Catchy Title and Write it on the Top
line in Marker ndash Draw the Picture in the box and COLOR and or
use BLACK MARKER to outline any pencil markshellipyou will not be graded on your drawing ability but you will be graded on your creativity use of historical information neatness overall effort and your ability to stay on task
ndash Sign the bottom
Nazi-Soviet Pact 1939
bull August nonaggression pact between Germany and Soviet Union signed ndash Would not fight if the
other went to war ndash Divide Poland and
Eastern Europe between them bull Soviets reason Gain
territory and time to build arms
bull Germany free to take Poland avoid a two front war (why)
The Poland Promise
bull Hitler didnrsquot stop at the Sudetenland and took more and more of Czechoslovakia
bull Britain and France accepted the failure of appeasement and promised to protect Poland Germany obvious next move ndash September 1939 Nazirsquos invade
Poland and Britain and France honor their agreement declaring war on Germany
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries that are Axis Controlled Color and label the following ndash Poland ndash Yugoslavia (Find Serbia color it all in) ndash Romania ndash Hungary ndash Bulgaria ndash Greece ndash Albania
THE BEGINNINGS OF WWII EARLY AXIS ACHIEVEMENTS
Nazi Blitzkrieg
bull Blitzkrieg ldquoLightning Warrdquo ndash German strategy to
do a series of quick constant attacks to keep the enemy from easily responding bull Easily took Norway
Denmark Netherlands Belgium sites set on France
The Fall of France
bull British troops were evacuated bull German Attacked from the
North bull Italy from the South bull Outnumbered and
demoralized France Falls ndash June 1940 forced to
surrender in the same place Germany was forced to sign the Treaty of Versailles
ndash French officers including Charles de Gaulle escaped to Britain to plan liberation
ndash French continued guerrilla warfare against the Axis powers
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Denmark
ndash Norway
ndash Netherlands
ndash Belgium
ndash France
Operation Sea Lion
bull Battle of Britain-Failure of the Blitz ndash Winston Churchill ldquoWe
shall never surrenderrdquo ndash August 1940 first bombs
by German plains bull 57 Day campaign of
bombing London bull People defiantly
continued their lives 15000 people lost their lives Parliament still met King and Queen went to bomb shelters with citizens
ndash May 1941 Hitler calls it a failure and calls a new strategy
Operation Barbarossa History Repeats itself
bull June 1941 Turned sites on Soviet Union ndash Caught Stalin off guard
leading to the death of 2 frac12 million soldiers in 6 months (Why) bull Nazi-Soviet Pact bull Many top officers assassinated
during Stalinrsquos purge ndash Soviets turned to burning
crops and animals destroying cities to avoid Germans taking them bull Called bull Scorched Earth Policy bull So also like Napoleon what
happens when winter comes
Siege of Leningrad lasts 2 frac12 years bull Millions die of hunger Britain reemerges to help
Soviets with creating a 2 Front War on Germany
US‟s 1941 1 Sided Neutrality
bull Lend-Lease Act FDR can lend war materials to any country whose defense the president thinks is vital to keeping the US safe ndash ldquoArsenal of democracyrdquo lend arms to those fighting for freedom ndash Meaning who in this war
bull Atlantic Charter secret meeting between Churchill and FDR- destroy Nazis people right to chose how they are governed
ldquoA Date which will remain in infamyrdquo
bull Japan is creating a growing Pacific Empire
bull Under Atlantic Charter US stops providing war materials to JapanhellipWhy
bull Japan mad-General Tojo orders attacks on American Military Fleet in Pearl Harbor
bull December 7 1941 declares war on Japan
bull December 11 rest of Axis powers declare war on US
bull Beginning of 1942-Axis powers at their height of control
EUROPEAN SUCCESS
Distrustful Allies
bull Stalin Churchill and FDR distrust each other ndash Stalin fearful Churchill
and FDR deliberately delaying the beginning of Western Front war to weaken Communism
ndash Roosevelt leery Churchill will want to expand British Imperial power
The Side Effects of Total War
bull Allies began Total War (meaning) ndash Men drafted to war ndash Propaganda
bull Posters news broadcasts everything showed the evils of Japanese and Germans Rosie the Riveter pics urged women into factories
ndash Effects ndash Women urged to do their part by
kicking off their dresses and working in factories building war materials
ndash Rationing of food and war materials ndash 1942 Japanese Americans lost their jobs
property and rights by being interned in camps because of fear they were loyal to Japan
bull Began attack in Northern Africa ndash Forced surrender of
Axis army in Northern Africa in May 1943
ndash Staging ground for invasion of Italy
bull Invaded Italy in July 1943
bull Defeated Mussolini by August 1943 ndash Mussolini overthrown
bull Germany weakened by having to fight Allies in Italy to save Mussolini
Northern Africa to Italy
Aug 1942 Battle of Stalingrad
bull 1942 Hitler still stalled outside Leningrad switch to oil rich Stalingrad in the South ndash Germans surrounded
city ndash Soviets from North
surrounded Germans ndash Fought street by street
house by house bull Early 1943 Germans
surrendered and were pushed out of USSR by Aug 1944
D-Day
bull 1944 US General Eisenhower prepared to open second European Front ndash Bombed German factories
cities and aircraft to weaken army
bull June 6 1944 Paratroopers dropped into France at dawn soldiers stormed the beaches of Normandy France others entered through Italy French resisted from inside Paris
bull All of France free by September 1944
Hitler‟s Last Stand
bull Battle of the Bulge Dec 1944- Battle in Ardennes Mts Of Belgium ndash Offensive by Germans to
split the Allied army in half ndash Initially successful but
Allies prevailed pushing into Germany bull April 1945 Americans meet
Soviets at Elbe River bull Mussolini assassinated Hitler
committed suicide and European conflict officially over on VE Day May 8 1945 (Victory in Europe)
WAR IN THE PACIFIC
Bataan Death March
bull May 1942 Japan takes
control of US Phillipines ndash Forced 75000 American
soldiers and Filipino
civilians on a 68 mile
march to remove the
enemy forces from areas
around their next area of
attack bull Starved beaten tortured
murdered
Island Hopping Campaign bull General McArthur
successful at The Battle of Midway in June 1942 ndash Began hopping from
Island to Island retaking Japanese controlled lands
bull British fighting in Burma and Malaya staged from which colony ndash McArthur had vowed to
return to help Philippines Oct 1944 kept promise
Gloom in the Pacific
bull 1945 war in Europe over
all resources into Pacific
but Japan still strong and ndash Japanese began Kamikaze
missions (which are)
ndash Japanese fought to the
death rather than surrender
at Iwo Jima and Okinawa
bull Success seemed far way
The Allies Choice
bull Planned an invasion of Japan but fearful of Allied casualties
bull July 1945 International group of scientists completed the Manhattan Project successfully testing an atomic bomb in what State
bull President Harry Truman (what happened to FDR) gives Emperor Hirohito an ultimatum surrender or face ldquoutter and complete destructionrdquo-Japan ignores
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
bull August 6 1945-Atomic bomb instantly kills 70000 Japanese citizens Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 8 1945-Soviets declare war and invade Manchuria Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 9 1945-US bomb Nagasaki- atomic bomb instantly kills 40000 Japanese
bull August 10th Hirohito forces Japanese military to surrender officially ending the war in September
Atomic Bomb Debate
bull Should the US have dropped the bombs
Why or Why not ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against the use
of atomic bombs to end WWII
ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against keeping
or destroying all atomic bombs now
Effects of the War
bull Mass Casualties ndash 75 million people total
bull 22 million in the Soviet Union alone (most)
bull Nuremberg Trials ndash Axis powers tried for
Crimes against humanity bull 142 Germans and
Austrians (many Nazi leaders) tried and sentenced to death for their associations with the Holocaust
bull Similar trials in Japan for what actions
ndash Served to show military could be held responsible for their actions exposed the horrors of fascists and dictators hoping to secure a place for democracy
Holocaust Facts
bull 6 million Jews 4 million more gypsies Slavic peoples homosexuals or physically handicapped systematically killed
bull Millions more enslaved in work camps used for medical experiments
bull Jews and others fought back ndash Destroyed gas
chambers ndash Hid Jewish people ndash Denmark and Bulgaria
managed to save almost their entire Jewish population
Denmark‟s Jews
bull Niels Bohr (Danish physicist contracted to work on The Manhattan Project in US) snuck out of Denmark to Neutral Sweden for safe passage to US when arrived in Sweden refused to leave to the US until they agreed to offer asylum to all the Danish Jews All Jews were quietly snuck out of Denmark with the help of the failing Danish government and ordinary citizens who had been hiding them during the German occupation
United Nations
bull April 1945 50 nations created the UN Charter in San Francisco
bull 5 permanent members of the Security Council US Britain France Soviet Union (now Russia) and China ndash Can veto the decisions of the others-all must agree in order
to take action often a weakness for the organization bull Dedicated to keeping World Peace through international
peace keeping missions ndash Work towards strengthening education preventing disease
poverty and hunger bull Relies upon local governments for coordination-often
leading to inefficiencies when the governments are the ones creating the problems
Extra Credit Assignment
bull Pretend you are President Harry Truman trying to convince the US Congress to allow the US the join the United Nations since they wanted to stay out of the League of Nations years previously Write a 12 sentence speech convincing Congress to join using what you have learned from WWII and create a propaganda poster to support your speech
bull Due the Day we return from Christmas Break-Will replace a quiz grade with a 100 if done well
Assignment bull Create your own political cartoon that
expresses the effects of Appeasement and Neutrality upon Europe ndash Create a Catchy Title and Write it on the Top
line in Marker ndash Draw the Picture in the box and COLOR and or
use BLACK MARKER to outline any pencil markshellipyou will not be graded on your drawing ability but you will be graded on your creativity use of historical information neatness overall effort and your ability to stay on task
ndash Sign the bottom
Nazi-Soviet Pact 1939
bull August nonaggression pact between Germany and Soviet Union signed ndash Would not fight if the
other went to war ndash Divide Poland and
Eastern Europe between them bull Soviets reason Gain
territory and time to build arms
bull Germany free to take Poland avoid a two front war (why)
The Poland Promise
bull Hitler didnrsquot stop at the Sudetenland and took more and more of Czechoslovakia
bull Britain and France accepted the failure of appeasement and promised to protect Poland Germany obvious next move ndash September 1939 Nazirsquos invade
Poland and Britain and France honor their agreement declaring war on Germany
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries that are Axis Controlled Color and label the following ndash Poland ndash Yugoslavia (Find Serbia color it all in) ndash Romania ndash Hungary ndash Bulgaria ndash Greece ndash Albania
THE BEGINNINGS OF WWII EARLY AXIS ACHIEVEMENTS
Nazi Blitzkrieg
bull Blitzkrieg ldquoLightning Warrdquo ndash German strategy to
do a series of quick constant attacks to keep the enemy from easily responding bull Easily took Norway
Denmark Netherlands Belgium sites set on France
The Fall of France
bull British troops were evacuated bull German Attacked from the
North bull Italy from the South bull Outnumbered and
demoralized France Falls ndash June 1940 forced to
surrender in the same place Germany was forced to sign the Treaty of Versailles
ndash French officers including Charles de Gaulle escaped to Britain to plan liberation
ndash French continued guerrilla warfare against the Axis powers
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Denmark
ndash Norway
ndash Netherlands
ndash Belgium
ndash France
Operation Sea Lion
bull Battle of Britain-Failure of the Blitz ndash Winston Churchill ldquoWe
shall never surrenderrdquo ndash August 1940 first bombs
by German plains bull 57 Day campaign of
bombing London bull People defiantly
continued their lives 15000 people lost their lives Parliament still met King and Queen went to bomb shelters with citizens
ndash May 1941 Hitler calls it a failure and calls a new strategy
Operation Barbarossa History Repeats itself
bull June 1941 Turned sites on Soviet Union ndash Caught Stalin off guard
leading to the death of 2 frac12 million soldiers in 6 months (Why) bull Nazi-Soviet Pact bull Many top officers assassinated
during Stalinrsquos purge ndash Soviets turned to burning
crops and animals destroying cities to avoid Germans taking them bull Called bull Scorched Earth Policy bull So also like Napoleon what
happens when winter comes
Siege of Leningrad lasts 2 frac12 years bull Millions die of hunger Britain reemerges to help
Soviets with creating a 2 Front War on Germany
US‟s 1941 1 Sided Neutrality
bull Lend-Lease Act FDR can lend war materials to any country whose defense the president thinks is vital to keeping the US safe ndash ldquoArsenal of democracyrdquo lend arms to those fighting for freedom ndash Meaning who in this war
bull Atlantic Charter secret meeting between Churchill and FDR- destroy Nazis people right to chose how they are governed
ldquoA Date which will remain in infamyrdquo
bull Japan is creating a growing Pacific Empire
bull Under Atlantic Charter US stops providing war materials to JapanhellipWhy
bull Japan mad-General Tojo orders attacks on American Military Fleet in Pearl Harbor
bull December 7 1941 declares war on Japan
bull December 11 rest of Axis powers declare war on US
bull Beginning of 1942-Axis powers at their height of control
EUROPEAN SUCCESS
Distrustful Allies
bull Stalin Churchill and FDR distrust each other ndash Stalin fearful Churchill
and FDR deliberately delaying the beginning of Western Front war to weaken Communism
ndash Roosevelt leery Churchill will want to expand British Imperial power
The Side Effects of Total War
bull Allies began Total War (meaning) ndash Men drafted to war ndash Propaganda
bull Posters news broadcasts everything showed the evils of Japanese and Germans Rosie the Riveter pics urged women into factories
ndash Effects ndash Women urged to do their part by
kicking off their dresses and working in factories building war materials
ndash Rationing of food and war materials ndash 1942 Japanese Americans lost their jobs
property and rights by being interned in camps because of fear they were loyal to Japan
bull Began attack in Northern Africa ndash Forced surrender of
Axis army in Northern Africa in May 1943
ndash Staging ground for invasion of Italy
bull Invaded Italy in July 1943
bull Defeated Mussolini by August 1943 ndash Mussolini overthrown
bull Germany weakened by having to fight Allies in Italy to save Mussolini
Northern Africa to Italy
Aug 1942 Battle of Stalingrad
bull 1942 Hitler still stalled outside Leningrad switch to oil rich Stalingrad in the South ndash Germans surrounded
city ndash Soviets from North
surrounded Germans ndash Fought street by street
house by house bull Early 1943 Germans
surrendered and were pushed out of USSR by Aug 1944
D-Day
bull 1944 US General Eisenhower prepared to open second European Front ndash Bombed German factories
cities and aircraft to weaken army
bull June 6 1944 Paratroopers dropped into France at dawn soldiers stormed the beaches of Normandy France others entered through Italy French resisted from inside Paris
bull All of France free by September 1944
Hitler‟s Last Stand
bull Battle of the Bulge Dec 1944- Battle in Ardennes Mts Of Belgium ndash Offensive by Germans to
split the Allied army in half ndash Initially successful but
Allies prevailed pushing into Germany bull April 1945 Americans meet
Soviets at Elbe River bull Mussolini assassinated Hitler
committed suicide and European conflict officially over on VE Day May 8 1945 (Victory in Europe)
WAR IN THE PACIFIC
Bataan Death March
bull May 1942 Japan takes
control of US Phillipines ndash Forced 75000 American
soldiers and Filipino
civilians on a 68 mile
march to remove the
enemy forces from areas
around their next area of
attack bull Starved beaten tortured
murdered
Island Hopping Campaign bull General McArthur
successful at The Battle of Midway in June 1942 ndash Began hopping from
Island to Island retaking Japanese controlled lands
bull British fighting in Burma and Malaya staged from which colony ndash McArthur had vowed to
return to help Philippines Oct 1944 kept promise
Gloom in the Pacific
bull 1945 war in Europe over
all resources into Pacific
but Japan still strong and ndash Japanese began Kamikaze
missions (which are)
ndash Japanese fought to the
death rather than surrender
at Iwo Jima and Okinawa
bull Success seemed far way
The Allies Choice
bull Planned an invasion of Japan but fearful of Allied casualties
bull July 1945 International group of scientists completed the Manhattan Project successfully testing an atomic bomb in what State
bull President Harry Truman (what happened to FDR) gives Emperor Hirohito an ultimatum surrender or face ldquoutter and complete destructionrdquo-Japan ignores
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
bull August 6 1945-Atomic bomb instantly kills 70000 Japanese citizens Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 8 1945-Soviets declare war and invade Manchuria Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 9 1945-US bomb Nagasaki- atomic bomb instantly kills 40000 Japanese
bull August 10th Hirohito forces Japanese military to surrender officially ending the war in September
Atomic Bomb Debate
bull Should the US have dropped the bombs
Why or Why not ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against the use
of atomic bombs to end WWII
ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against keeping
or destroying all atomic bombs now
Effects of the War
bull Mass Casualties ndash 75 million people total
bull 22 million in the Soviet Union alone (most)
bull Nuremberg Trials ndash Axis powers tried for
Crimes against humanity bull 142 Germans and
Austrians (many Nazi leaders) tried and sentenced to death for their associations with the Holocaust
bull Similar trials in Japan for what actions
ndash Served to show military could be held responsible for their actions exposed the horrors of fascists and dictators hoping to secure a place for democracy
Holocaust Facts
bull 6 million Jews 4 million more gypsies Slavic peoples homosexuals or physically handicapped systematically killed
bull Millions more enslaved in work camps used for medical experiments
bull Jews and others fought back ndash Destroyed gas
chambers ndash Hid Jewish people ndash Denmark and Bulgaria
managed to save almost their entire Jewish population
Denmark‟s Jews
bull Niels Bohr (Danish physicist contracted to work on The Manhattan Project in US) snuck out of Denmark to Neutral Sweden for safe passage to US when arrived in Sweden refused to leave to the US until they agreed to offer asylum to all the Danish Jews All Jews were quietly snuck out of Denmark with the help of the failing Danish government and ordinary citizens who had been hiding them during the German occupation
United Nations
bull April 1945 50 nations created the UN Charter in San Francisco
bull 5 permanent members of the Security Council US Britain France Soviet Union (now Russia) and China ndash Can veto the decisions of the others-all must agree in order
to take action often a weakness for the organization bull Dedicated to keeping World Peace through international
peace keeping missions ndash Work towards strengthening education preventing disease
poverty and hunger bull Relies upon local governments for coordination-often
leading to inefficiencies when the governments are the ones creating the problems
Extra Credit Assignment
bull Pretend you are President Harry Truman trying to convince the US Congress to allow the US the join the United Nations since they wanted to stay out of the League of Nations years previously Write a 12 sentence speech convincing Congress to join using what you have learned from WWII and create a propaganda poster to support your speech
bull Due the Day we return from Christmas Break-Will replace a quiz grade with a 100 if done well
Nazi-Soviet Pact 1939
bull August nonaggression pact between Germany and Soviet Union signed ndash Would not fight if the
other went to war ndash Divide Poland and
Eastern Europe between them bull Soviets reason Gain
territory and time to build arms
bull Germany free to take Poland avoid a two front war (why)
The Poland Promise
bull Hitler didnrsquot stop at the Sudetenland and took more and more of Czechoslovakia
bull Britain and France accepted the failure of appeasement and promised to protect Poland Germany obvious next move ndash September 1939 Nazirsquos invade
Poland and Britain and France honor their agreement declaring war on Germany
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries that are Axis Controlled Color and label the following ndash Poland ndash Yugoslavia (Find Serbia color it all in) ndash Romania ndash Hungary ndash Bulgaria ndash Greece ndash Albania
THE BEGINNINGS OF WWII EARLY AXIS ACHIEVEMENTS
Nazi Blitzkrieg
bull Blitzkrieg ldquoLightning Warrdquo ndash German strategy to
do a series of quick constant attacks to keep the enemy from easily responding bull Easily took Norway
Denmark Netherlands Belgium sites set on France
The Fall of France
bull British troops were evacuated bull German Attacked from the
North bull Italy from the South bull Outnumbered and
demoralized France Falls ndash June 1940 forced to
surrender in the same place Germany was forced to sign the Treaty of Versailles
ndash French officers including Charles de Gaulle escaped to Britain to plan liberation
ndash French continued guerrilla warfare against the Axis powers
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Denmark
ndash Norway
ndash Netherlands
ndash Belgium
ndash France
Operation Sea Lion
bull Battle of Britain-Failure of the Blitz ndash Winston Churchill ldquoWe
shall never surrenderrdquo ndash August 1940 first bombs
by German plains bull 57 Day campaign of
bombing London bull People defiantly
continued their lives 15000 people lost their lives Parliament still met King and Queen went to bomb shelters with citizens
ndash May 1941 Hitler calls it a failure and calls a new strategy
Operation Barbarossa History Repeats itself
bull June 1941 Turned sites on Soviet Union ndash Caught Stalin off guard
leading to the death of 2 frac12 million soldiers in 6 months (Why) bull Nazi-Soviet Pact bull Many top officers assassinated
during Stalinrsquos purge ndash Soviets turned to burning
crops and animals destroying cities to avoid Germans taking them bull Called bull Scorched Earth Policy bull So also like Napoleon what
happens when winter comes
Siege of Leningrad lasts 2 frac12 years bull Millions die of hunger Britain reemerges to help
Soviets with creating a 2 Front War on Germany
US‟s 1941 1 Sided Neutrality
bull Lend-Lease Act FDR can lend war materials to any country whose defense the president thinks is vital to keeping the US safe ndash ldquoArsenal of democracyrdquo lend arms to those fighting for freedom ndash Meaning who in this war
bull Atlantic Charter secret meeting between Churchill and FDR- destroy Nazis people right to chose how they are governed
ldquoA Date which will remain in infamyrdquo
bull Japan is creating a growing Pacific Empire
bull Under Atlantic Charter US stops providing war materials to JapanhellipWhy
bull Japan mad-General Tojo orders attacks on American Military Fleet in Pearl Harbor
bull December 7 1941 declares war on Japan
bull December 11 rest of Axis powers declare war on US
bull Beginning of 1942-Axis powers at their height of control
EUROPEAN SUCCESS
Distrustful Allies
bull Stalin Churchill and FDR distrust each other ndash Stalin fearful Churchill
and FDR deliberately delaying the beginning of Western Front war to weaken Communism
ndash Roosevelt leery Churchill will want to expand British Imperial power
The Side Effects of Total War
bull Allies began Total War (meaning) ndash Men drafted to war ndash Propaganda
bull Posters news broadcasts everything showed the evils of Japanese and Germans Rosie the Riveter pics urged women into factories
ndash Effects ndash Women urged to do their part by
kicking off their dresses and working in factories building war materials
ndash Rationing of food and war materials ndash 1942 Japanese Americans lost their jobs
property and rights by being interned in camps because of fear they were loyal to Japan
bull Began attack in Northern Africa ndash Forced surrender of
Axis army in Northern Africa in May 1943
ndash Staging ground for invasion of Italy
bull Invaded Italy in July 1943
bull Defeated Mussolini by August 1943 ndash Mussolini overthrown
bull Germany weakened by having to fight Allies in Italy to save Mussolini
Northern Africa to Italy
Aug 1942 Battle of Stalingrad
bull 1942 Hitler still stalled outside Leningrad switch to oil rich Stalingrad in the South ndash Germans surrounded
city ndash Soviets from North
surrounded Germans ndash Fought street by street
house by house bull Early 1943 Germans
surrendered and were pushed out of USSR by Aug 1944
D-Day
bull 1944 US General Eisenhower prepared to open second European Front ndash Bombed German factories
cities and aircraft to weaken army
bull June 6 1944 Paratroopers dropped into France at dawn soldiers stormed the beaches of Normandy France others entered through Italy French resisted from inside Paris
bull All of France free by September 1944
Hitler‟s Last Stand
bull Battle of the Bulge Dec 1944- Battle in Ardennes Mts Of Belgium ndash Offensive by Germans to
split the Allied army in half ndash Initially successful but
Allies prevailed pushing into Germany bull April 1945 Americans meet
Soviets at Elbe River bull Mussolini assassinated Hitler
committed suicide and European conflict officially over on VE Day May 8 1945 (Victory in Europe)
WAR IN THE PACIFIC
Bataan Death March
bull May 1942 Japan takes
control of US Phillipines ndash Forced 75000 American
soldiers and Filipino
civilians on a 68 mile
march to remove the
enemy forces from areas
around their next area of
attack bull Starved beaten tortured
murdered
Island Hopping Campaign bull General McArthur
successful at The Battle of Midway in June 1942 ndash Began hopping from
Island to Island retaking Japanese controlled lands
bull British fighting in Burma and Malaya staged from which colony ndash McArthur had vowed to
return to help Philippines Oct 1944 kept promise
Gloom in the Pacific
bull 1945 war in Europe over
all resources into Pacific
but Japan still strong and ndash Japanese began Kamikaze
missions (which are)
ndash Japanese fought to the
death rather than surrender
at Iwo Jima and Okinawa
bull Success seemed far way
The Allies Choice
bull Planned an invasion of Japan but fearful of Allied casualties
bull July 1945 International group of scientists completed the Manhattan Project successfully testing an atomic bomb in what State
bull President Harry Truman (what happened to FDR) gives Emperor Hirohito an ultimatum surrender or face ldquoutter and complete destructionrdquo-Japan ignores
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
bull August 6 1945-Atomic bomb instantly kills 70000 Japanese citizens Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 8 1945-Soviets declare war and invade Manchuria Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 9 1945-US bomb Nagasaki- atomic bomb instantly kills 40000 Japanese
bull August 10th Hirohito forces Japanese military to surrender officially ending the war in September
Atomic Bomb Debate
bull Should the US have dropped the bombs
Why or Why not ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against the use
of atomic bombs to end WWII
ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against keeping
or destroying all atomic bombs now
Effects of the War
bull Mass Casualties ndash 75 million people total
bull 22 million in the Soviet Union alone (most)
bull Nuremberg Trials ndash Axis powers tried for
Crimes against humanity bull 142 Germans and
Austrians (many Nazi leaders) tried and sentenced to death for their associations with the Holocaust
bull Similar trials in Japan for what actions
ndash Served to show military could be held responsible for their actions exposed the horrors of fascists and dictators hoping to secure a place for democracy
Holocaust Facts
bull 6 million Jews 4 million more gypsies Slavic peoples homosexuals or physically handicapped systematically killed
bull Millions more enslaved in work camps used for medical experiments
bull Jews and others fought back ndash Destroyed gas
chambers ndash Hid Jewish people ndash Denmark and Bulgaria
managed to save almost their entire Jewish population
Denmark‟s Jews
bull Niels Bohr (Danish physicist contracted to work on The Manhattan Project in US) snuck out of Denmark to Neutral Sweden for safe passage to US when arrived in Sweden refused to leave to the US until they agreed to offer asylum to all the Danish Jews All Jews were quietly snuck out of Denmark with the help of the failing Danish government and ordinary citizens who had been hiding them during the German occupation
United Nations
bull April 1945 50 nations created the UN Charter in San Francisco
bull 5 permanent members of the Security Council US Britain France Soviet Union (now Russia) and China ndash Can veto the decisions of the others-all must agree in order
to take action often a weakness for the organization bull Dedicated to keeping World Peace through international
peace keeping missions ndash Work towards strengthening education preventing disease
poverty and hunger bull Relies upon local governments for coordination-often
leading to inefficiencies when the governments are the ones creating the problems
Extra Credit Assignment
bull Pretend you are President Harry Truman trying to convince the US Congress to allow the US the join the United Nations since they wanted to stay out of the League of Nations years previously Write a 12 sentence speech convincing Congress to join using what you have learned from WWII and create a propaganda poster to support your speech
bull Due the Day we return from Christmas Break-Will replace a quiz grade with a 100 if done well
The Poland Promise
bull Hitler didnrsquot stop at the Sudetenland and took more and more of Czechoslovakia
bull Britain and France accepted the failure of appeasement and promised to protect Poland Germany obvious next move ndash September 1939 Nazirsquos invade
Poland and Britain and France honor their agreement declaring war on Germany
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries that are Axis Controlled Color and label the following ndash Poland ndash Yugoslavia (Find Serbia color it all in) ndash Romania ndash Hungary ndash Bulgaria ndash Greece ndash Albania
THE BEGINNINGS OF WWII EARLY AXIS ACHIEVEMENTS
Nazi Blitzkrieg
bull Blitzkrieg ldquoLightning Warrdquo ndash German strategy to
do a series of quick constant attacks to keep the enemy from easily responding bull Easily took Norway
Denmark Netherlands Belgium sites set on France
The Fall of France
bull British troops were evacuated bull German Attacked from the
North bull Italy from the South bull Outnumbered and
demoralized France Falls ndash June 1940 forced to
surrender in the same place Germany was forced to sign the Treaty of Versailles
ndash French officers including Charles de Gaulle escaped to Britain to plan liberation
ndash French continued guerrilla warfare against the Axis powers
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Denmark
ndash Norway
ndash Netherlands
ndash Belgium
ndash France
Operation Sea Lion
bull Battle of Britain-Failure of the Blitz ndash Winston Churchill ldquoWe
shall never surrenderrdquo ndash August 1940 first bombs
by German plains bull 57 Day campaign of
bombing London bull People defiantly
continued their lives 15000 people lost their lives Parliament still met King and Queen went to bomb shelters with citizens
ndash May 1941 Hitler calls it a failure and calls a new strategy
Operation Barbarossa History Repeats itself
bull June 1941 Turned sites on Soviet Union ndash Caught Stalin off guard
leading to the death of 2 frac12 million soldiers in 6 months (Why) bull Nazi-Soviet Pact bull Many top officers assassinated
during Stalinrsquos purge ndash Soviets turned to burning
crops and animals destroying cities to avoid Germans taking them bull Called bull Scorched Earth Policy bull So also like Napoleon what
happens when winter comes
Siege of Leningrad lasts 2 frac12 years bull Millions die of hunger Britain reemerges to help
Soviets with creating a 2 Front War on Germany
US‟s 1941 1 Sided Neutrality
bull Lend-Lease Act FDR can lend war materials to any country whose defense the president thinks is vital to keeping the US safe ndash ldquoArsenal of democracyrdquo lend arms to those fighting for freedom ndash Meaning who in this war
bull Atlantic Charter secret meeting between Churchill and FDR- destroy Nazis people right to chose how they are governed
ldquoA Date which will remain in infamyrdquo
bull Japan is creating a growing Pacific Empire
bull Under Atlantic Charter US stops providing war materials to JapanhellipWhy
bull Japan mad-General Tojo orders attacks on American Military Fleet in Pearl Harbor
bull December 7 1941 declares war on Japan
bull December 11 rest of Axis powers declare war on US
bull Beginning of 1942-Axis powers at their height of control
EUROPEAN SUCCESS
Distrustful Allies
bull Stalin Churchill and FDR distrust each other ndash Stalin fearful Churchill
and FDR deliberately delaying the beginning of Western Front war to weaken Communism
ndash Roosevelt leery Churchill will want to expand British Imperial power
The Side Effects of Total War
bull Allies began Total War (meaning) ndash Men drafted to war ndash Propaganda
bull Posters news broadcasts everything showed the evils of Japanese and Germans Rosie the Riveter pics urged women into factories
ndash Effects ndash Women urged to do their part by
kicking off their dresses and working in factories building war materials
ndash Rationing of food and war materials ndash 1942 Japanese Americans lost their jobs
property and rights by being interned in camps because of fear they were loyal to Japan
bull Began attack in Northern Africa ndash Forced surrender of
Axis army in Northern Africa in May 1943
ndash Staging ground for invasion of Italy
bull Invaded Italy in July 1943
bull Defeated Mussolini by August 1943 ndash Mussolini overthrown
bull Germany weakened by having to fight Allies in Italy to save Mussolini
Northern Africa to Italy
Aug 1942 Battle of Stalingrad
bull 1942 Hitler still stalled outside Leningrad switch to oil rich Stalingrad in the South ndash Germans surrounded
city ndash Soviets from North
surrounded Germans ndash Fought street by street
house by house bull Early 1943 Germans
surrendered and were pushed out of USSR by Aug 1944
D-Day
bull 1944 US General Eisenhower prepared to open second European Front ndash Bombed German factories
cities and aircraft to weaken army
bull June 6 1944 Paratroopers dropped into France at dawn soldiers stormed the beaches of Normandy France others entered through Italy French resisted from inside Paris
bull All of France free by September 1944
Hitler‟s Last Stand
bull Battle of the Bulge Dec 1944- Battle in Ardennes Mts Of Belgium ndash Offensive by Germans to
split the Allied army in half ndash Initially successful but
Allies prevailed pushing into Germany bull April 1945 Americans meet
Soviets at Elbe River bull Mussolini assassinated Hitler
committed suicide and European conflict officially over on VE Day May 8 1945 (Victory in Europe)
WAR IN THE PACIFIC
Bataan Death March
bull May 1942 Japan takes
control of US Phillipines ndash Forced 75000 American
soldiers and Filipino
civilians on a 68 mile
march to remove the
enemy forces from areas
around their next area of
attack bull Starved beaten tortured
murdered
Island Hopping Campaign bull General McArthur
successful at The Battle of Midway in June 1942 ndash Began hopping from
Island to Island retaking Japanese controlled lands
bull British fighting in Burma and Malaya staged from which colony ndash McArthur had vowed to
return to help Philippines Oct 1944 kept promise
Gloom in the Pacific
bull 1945 war in Europe over
all resources into Pacific
but Japan still strong and ndash Japanese began Kamikaze
missions (which are)
ndash Japanese fought to the
death rather than surrender
at Iwo Jima and Okinawa
bull Success seemed far way
The Allies Choice
bull Planned an invasion of Japan but fearful of Allied casualties
bull July 1945 International group of scientists completed the Manhattan Project successfully testing an atomic bomb in what State
bull President Harry Truman (what happened to FDR) gives Emperor Hirohito an ultimatum surrender or face ldquoutter and complete destructionrdquo-Japan ignores
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
bull August 6 1945-Atomic bomb instantly kills 70000 Japanese citizens Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 8 1945-Soviets declare war and invade Manchuria Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 9 1945-US bomb Nagasaki- atomic bomb instantly kills 40000 Japanese
bull August 10th Hirohito forces Japanese military to surrender officially ending the war in September
Atomic Bomb Debate
bull Should the US have dropped the bombs
Why or Why not ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against the use
of atomic bombs to end WWII
ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against keeping
or destroying all atomic bombs now
Effects of the War
bull Mass Casualties ndash 75 million people total
bull 22 million in the Soviet Union alone (most)
bull Nuremberg Trials ndash Axis powers tried for
Crimes against humanity bull 142 Germans and
Austrians (many Nazi leaders) tried and sentenced to death for their associations with the Holocaust
bull Similar trials in Japan for what actions
ndash Served to show military could be held responsible for their actions exposed the horrors of fascists and dictators hoping to secure a place for democracy
Holocaust Facts
bull 6 million Jews 4 million more gypsies Slavic peoples homosexuals or physically handicapped systematically killed
bull Millions more enslaved in work camps used for medical experiments
bull Jews and others fought back ndash Destroyed gas
chambers ndash Hid Jewish people ndash Denmark and Bulgaria
managed to save almost their entire Jewish population
Denmark‟s Jews
bull Niels Bohr (Danish physicist contracted to work on The Manhattan Project in US) snuck out of Denmark to Neutral Sweden for safe passage to US when arrived in Sweden refused to leave to the US until they agreed to offer asylum to all the Danish Jews All Jews were quietly snuck out of Denmark with the help of the failing Danish government and ordinary citizens who had been hiding them during the German occupation
United Nations
bull April 1945 50 nations created the UN Charter in San Francisco
bull 5 permanent members of the Security Council US Britain France Soviet Union (now Russia) and China ndash Can veto the decisions of the others-all must agree in order
to take action often a weakness for the organization bull Dedicated to keeping World Peace through international
peace keeping missions ndash Work towards strengthening education preventing disease
poverty and hunger bull Relies upon local governments for coordination-often
leading to inefficiencies when the governments are the ones creating the problems
Extra Credit Assignment
bull Pretend you are President Harry Truman trying to convince the US Congress to allow the US the join the United Nations since they wanted to stay out of the League of Nations years previously Write a 12 sentence speech convincing Congress to join using what you have learned from WWII and create a propaganda poster to support your speech
bull Due the Day we return from Christmas Break-Will replace a quiz grade with a 100 if done well
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries that are Axis Controlled Color and label the following ndash Poland ndash Yugoslavia (Find Serbia color it all in) ndash Romania ndash Hungary ndash Bulgaria ndash Greece ndash Albania
THE BEGINNINGS OF WWII EARLY AXIS ACHIEVEMENTS
Nazi Blitzkrieg
bull Blitzkrieg ldquoLightning Warrdquo ndash German strategy to
do a series of quick constant attacks to keep the enemy from easily responding bull Easily took Norway
Denmark Netherlands Belgium sites set on France
The Fall of France
bull British troops were evacuated bull German Attacked from the
North bull Italy from the South bull Outnumbered and
demoralized France Falls ndash June 1940 forced to
surrender in the same place Germany was forced to sign the Treaty of Versailles
ndash French officers including Charles de Gaulle escaped to Britain to plan liberation
ndash French continued guerrilla warfare against the Axis powers
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Denmark
ndash Norway
ndash Netherlands
ndash Belgium
ndash France
Operation Sea Lion
bull Battle of Britain-Failure of the Blitz ndash Winston Churchill ldquoWe
shall never surrenderrdquo ndash August 1940 first bombs
by German plains bull 57 Day campaign of
bombing London bull People defiantly
continued their lives 15000 people lost their lives Parliament still met King and Queen went to bomb shelters with citizens
ndash May 1941 Hitler calls it a failure and calls a new strategy
Operation Barbarossa History Repeats itself
bull June 1941 Turned sites on Soviet Union ndash Caught Stalin off guard
leading to the death of 2 frac12 million soldiers in 6 months (Why) bull Nazi-Soviet Pact bull Many top officers assassinated
during Stalinrsquos purge ndash Soviets turned to burning
crops and animals destroying cities to avoid Germans taking them bull Called bull Scorched Earth Policy bull So also like Napoleon what
happens when winter comes
Siege of Leningrad lasts 2 frac12 years bull Millions die of hunger Britain reemerges to help
Soviets with creating a 2 Front War on Germany
US‟s 1941 1 Sided Neutrality
bull Lend-Lease Act FDR can lend war materials to any country whose defense the president thinks is vital to keeping the US safe ndash ldquoArsenal of democracyrdquo lend arms to those fighting for freedom ndash Meaning who in this war
bull Atlantic Charter secret meeting between Churchill and FDR- destroy Nazis people right to chose how they are governed
ldquoA Date which will remain in infamyrdquo
bull Japan is creating a growing Pacific Empire
bull Under Atlantic Charter US stops providing war materials to JapanhellipWhy
bull Japan mad-General Tojo orders attacks on American Military Fleet in Pearl Harbor
bull December 7 1941 declares war on Japan
bull December 11 rest of Axis powers declare war on US
bull Beginning of 1942-Axis powers at their height of control
EUROPEAN SUCCESS
Distrustful Allies
bull Stalin Churchill and FDR distrust each other ndash Stalin fearful Churchill
and FDR deliberately delaying the beginning of Western Front war to weaken Communism
ndash Roosevelt leery Churchill will want to expand British Imperial power
The Side Effects of Total War
bull Allies began Total War (meaning) ndash Men drafted to war ndash Propaganda
bull Posters news broadcasts everything showed the evils of Japanese and Germans Rosie the Riveter pics urged women into factories
ndash Effects ndash Women urged to do their part by
kicking off their dresses and working in factories building war materials
ndash Rationing of food and war materials ndash 1942 Japanese Americans lost their jobs
property and rights by being interned in camps because of fear they were loyal to Japan
bull Began attack in Northern Africa ndash Forced surrender of
Axis army in Northern Africa in May 1943
ndash Staging ground for invasion of Italy
bull Invaded Italy in July 1943
bull Defeated Mussolini by August 1943 ndash Mussolini overthrown
bull Germany weakened by having to fight Allies in Italy to save Mussolini
Northern Africa to Italy
Aug 1942 Battle of Stalingrad
bull 1942 Hitler still stalled outside Leningrad switch to oil rich Stalingrad in the South ndash Germans surrounded
city ndash Soviets from North
surrounded Germans ndash Fought street by street
house by house bull Early 1943 Germans
surrendered and were pushed out of USSR by Aug 1944
D-Day
bull 1944 US General Eisenhower prepared to open second European Front ndash Bombed German factories
cities and aircraft to weaken army
bull June 6 1944 Paratroopers dropped into France at dawn soldiers stormed the beaches of Normandy France others entered through Italy French resisted from inside Paris
bull All of France free by September 1944
Hitler‟s Last Stand
bull Battle of the Bulge Dec 1944- Battle in Ardennes Mts Of Belgium ndash Offensive by Germans to
split the Allied army in half ndash Initially successful but
Allies prevailed pushing into Germany bull April 1945 Americans meet
Soviets at Elbe River bull Mussolini assassinated Hitler
committed suicide and European conflict officially over on VE Day May 8 1945 (Victory in Europe)
WAR IN THE PACIFIC
Bataan Death March
bull May 1942 Japan takes
control of US Phillipines ndash Forced 75000 American
soldiers and Filipino
civilians on a 68 mile
march to remove the
enemy forces from areas
around their next area of
attack bull Starved beaten tortured
murdered
Island Hopping Campaign bull General McArthur
successful at The Battle of Midway in June 1942 ndash Began hopping from
Island to Island retaking Japanese controlled lands
bull British fighting in Burma and Malaya staged from which colony ndash McArthur had vowed to
return to help Philippines Oct 1944 kept promise
Gloom in the Pacific
bull 1945 war in Europe over
all resources into Pacific
but Japan still strong and ndash Japanese began Kamikaze
missions (which are)
ndash Japanese fought to the
death rather than surrender
at Iwo Jima and Okinawa
bull Success seemed far way
The Allies Choice
bull Planned an invasion of Japan but fearful of Allied casualties
bull July 1945 International group of scientists completed the Manhattan Project successfully testing an atomic bomb in what State
bull President Harry Truman (what happened to FDR) gives Emperor Hirohito an ultimatum surrender or face ldquoutter and complete destructionrdquo-Japan ignores
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
bull August 6 1945-Atomic bomb instantly kills 70000 Japanese citizens Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 8 1945-Soviets declare war and invade Manchuria Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 9 1945-US bomb Nagasaki- atomic bomb instantly kills 40000 Japanese
bull August 10th Hirohito forces Japanese military to surrender officially ending the war in September
Atomic Bomb Debate
bull Should the US have dropped the bombs
Why or Why not ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against the use
of atomic bombs to end WWII
ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against keeping
or destroying all atomic bombs now
Effects of the War
bull Mass Casualties ndash 75 million people total
bull 22 million in the Soviet Union alone (most)
bull Nuremberg Trials ndash Axis powers tried for
Crimes against humanity bull 142 Germans and
Austrians (many Nazi leaders) tried and sentenced to death for their associations with the Holocaust
bull Similar trials in Japan for what actions
ndash Served to show military could be held responsible for their actions exposed the horrors of fascists and dictators hoping to secure a place for democracy
Holocaust Facts
bull 6 million Jews 4 million more gypsies Slavic peoples homosexuals or physically handicapped systematically killed
bull Millions more enslaved in work camps used for medical experiments
bull Jews and others fought back ndash Destroyed gas
chambers ndash Hid Jewish people ndash Denmark and Bulgaria
managed to save almost their entire Jewish population
Denmark‟s Jews
bull Niels Bohr (Danish physicist contracted to work on The Manhattan Project in US) snuck out of Denmark to Neutral Sweden for safe passage to US when arrived in Sweden refused to leave to the US until they agreed to offer asylum to all the Danish Jews All Jews were quietly snuck out of Denmark with the help of the failing Danish government and ordinary citizens who had been hiding them during the German occupation
United Nations
bull April 1945 50 nations created the UN Charter in San Francisco
bull 5 permanent members of the Security Council US Britain France Soviet Union (now Russia) and China ndash Can veto the decisions of the others-all must agree in order
to take action often a weakness for the organization bull Dedicated to keeping World Peace through international
peace keeping missions ndash Work towards strengthening education preventing disease
poverty and hunger bull Relies upon local governments for coordination-often
leading to inefficiencies when the governments are the ones creating the problems
Extra Credit Assignment
bull Pretend you are President Harry Truman trying to convince the US Congress to allow the US the join the United Nations since they wanted to stay out of the League of Nations years previously Write a 12 sentence speech convincing Congress to join using what you have learned from WWII and create a propaganda poster to support your speech
bull Due the Day we return from Christmas Break-Will replace a quiz grade with a 100 if done well
THE BEGINNINGS OF WWII EARLY AXIS ACHIEVEMENTS
Nazi Blitzkrieg
bull Blitzkrieg ldquoLightning Warrdquo ndash German strategy to
do a series of quick constant attacks to keep the enemy from easily responding bull Easily took Norway
Denmark Netherlands Belgium sites set on France
The Fall of France
bull British troops were evacuated bull German Attacked from the
North bull Italy from the South bull Outnumbered and
demoralized France Falls ndash June 1940 forced to
surrender in the same place Germany was forced to sign the Treaty of Versailles
ndash French officers including Charles de Gaulle escaped to Britain to plan liberation
ndash French continued guerrilla warfare against the Axis powers
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Denmark
ndash Norway
ndash Netherlands
ndash Belgium
ndash France
Operation Sea Lion
bull Battle of Britain-Failure of the Blitz ndash Winston Churchill ldquoWe
shall never surrenderrdquo ndash August 1940 first bombs
by German plains bull 57 Day campaign of
bombing London bull People defiantly
continued their lives 15000 people lost their lives Parliament still met King and Queen went to bomb shelters with citizens
ndash May 1941 Hitler calls it a failure and calls a new strategy
Operation Barbarossa History Repeats itself
bull June 1941 Turned sites on Soviet Union ndash Caught Stalin off guard
leading to the death of 2 frac12 million soldiers in 6 months (Why) bull Nazi-Soviet Pact bull Many top officers assassinated
during Stalinrsquos purge ndash Soviets turned to burning
crops and animals destroying cities to avoid Germans taking them bull Called bull Scorched Earth Policy bull So also like Napoleon what
happens when winter comes
Siege of Leningrad lasts 2 frac12 years bull Millions die of hunger Britain reemerges to help
Soviets with creating a 2 Front War on Germany
US‟s 1941 1 Sided Neutrality
bull Lend-Lease Act FDR can lend war materials to any country whose defense the president thinks is vital to keeping the US safe ndash ldquoArsenal of democracyrdquo lend arms to those fighting for freedom ndash Meaning who in this war
bull Atlantic Charter secret meeting between Churchill and FDR- destroy Nazis people right to chose how they are governed
ldquoA Date which will remain in infamyrdquo
bull Japan is creating a growing Pacific Empire
bull Under Atlantic Charter US stops providing war materials to JapanhellipWhy
bull Japan mad-General Tojo orders attacks on American Military Fleet in Pearl Harbor
bull December 7 1941 declares war on Japan
bull December 11 rest of Axis powers declare war on US
bull Beginning of 1942-Axis powers at their height of control
EUROPEAN SUCCESS
Distrustful Allies
bull Stalin Churchill and FDR distrust each other ndash Stalin fearful Churchill
and FDR deliberately delaying the beginning of Western Front war to weaken Communism
ndash Roosevelt leery Churchill will want to expand British Imperial power
The Side Effects of Total War
bull Allies began Total War (meaning) ndash Men drafted to war ndash Propaganda
bull Posters news broadcasts everything showed the evils of Japanese and Germans Rosie the Riveter pics urged women into factories
ndash Effects ndash Women urged to do their part by
kicking off their dresses and working in factories building war materials
ndash Rationing of food and war materials ndash 1942 Japanese Americans lost their jobs
property and rights by being interned in camps because of fear they were loyal to Japan
bull Began attack in Northern Africa ndash Forced surrender of
Axis army in Northern Africa in May 1943
ndash Staging ground for invasion of Italy
bull Invaded Italy in July 1943
bull Defeated Mussolini by August 1943 ndash Mussolini overthrown
bull Germany weakened by having to fight Allies in Italy to save Mussolini
Northern Africa to Italy
Aug 1942 Battle of Stalingrad
bull 1942 Hitler still stalled outside Leningrad switch to oil rich Stalingrad in the South ndash Germans surrounded
city ndash Soviets from North
surrounded Germans ndash Fought street by street
house by house bull Early 1943 Germans
surrendered and were pushed out of USSR by Aug 1944
D-Day
bull 1944 US General Eisenhower prepared to open second European Front ndash Bombed German factories
cities and aircraft to weaken army
bull June 6 1944 Paratroopers dropped into France at dawn soldiers stormed the beaches of Normandy France others entered through Italy French resisted from inside Paris
bull All of France free by September 1944
Hitler‟s Last Stand
bull Battle of the Bulge Dec 1944- Battle in Ardennes Mts Of Belgium ndash Offensive by Germans to
split the Allied army in half ndash Initially successful but
Allies prevailed pushing into Germany bull April 1945 Americans meet
Soviets at Elbe River bull Mussolini assassinated Hitler
committed suicide and European conflict officially over on VE Day May 8 1945 (Victory in Europe)
WAR IN THE PACIFIC
Bataan Death March
bull May 1942 Japan takes
control of US Phillipines ndash Forced 75000 American
soldiers and Filipino
civilians on a 68 mile
march to remove the
enemy forces from areas
around their next area of
attack bull Starved beaten tortured
murdered
Island Hopping Campaign bull General McArthur
successful at The Battle of Midway in June 1942 ndash Began hopping from
Island to Island retaking Japanese controlled lands
bull British fighting in Burma and Malaya staged from which colony ndash McArthur had vowed to
return to help Philippines Oct 1944 kept promise
Gloom in the Pacific
bull 1945 war in Europe over
all resources into Pacific
but Japan still strong and ndash Japanese began Kamikaze
missions (which are)
ndash Japanese fought to the
death rather than surrender
at Iwo Jima and Okinawa
bull Success seemed far way
The Allies Choice
bull Planned an invasion of Japan but fearful of Allied casualties
bull July 1945 International group of scientists completed the Manhattan Project successfully testing an atomic bomb in what State
bull President Harry Truman (what happened to FDR) gives Emperor Hirohito an ultimatum surrender or face ldquoutter and complete destructionrdquo-Japan ignores
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
bull August 6 1945-Atomic bomb instantly kills 70000 Japanese citizens Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 8 1945-Soviets declare war and invade Manchuria Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 9 1945-US bomb Nagasaki- atomic bomb instantly kills 40000 Japanese
bull August 10th Hirohito forces Japanese military to surrender officially ending the war in September
Atomic Bomb Debate
bull Should the US have dropped the bombs
Why or Why not ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against the use
of atomic bombs to end WWII
ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against keeping
or destroying all atomic bombs now
Effects of the War
bull Mass Casualties ndash 75 million people total
bull 22 million in the Soviet Union alone (most)
bull Nuremberg Trials ndash Axis powers tried for
Crimes against humanity bull 142 Germans and
Austrians (many Nazi leaders) tried and sentenced to death for their associations with the Holocaust
bull Similar trials in Japan for what actions
ndash Served to show military could be held responsible for their actions exposed the horrors of fascists and dictators hoping to secure a place for democracy
Holocaust Facts
bull 6 million Jews 4 million more gypsies Slavic peoples homosexuals or physically handicapped systematically killed
bull Millions more enslaved in work camps used for medical experiments
bull Jews and others fought back ndash Destroyed gas
chambers ndash Hid Jewish people ndash Denmark and Bulgaria
managed to save almost their entire Jewish population
Denmark‟s Jews
bull Niels Bohr (Danish physicist contracted to work on The Manhattan Project in US) snuck out of Denmark to Neutral Sweden for safe passage to US when arrived in Sweden refused to leave to the US until they agreed to offer asylum to all the Danish Jews All Jews were quietly snuck out of Denmark with the help of the failing Danish government and ordinary citizens who had been hiding them during the German occupation
United Nations
bull April 1945 50 nations created the UN Charter in San Francisco
bull 5 permanent members of the Security Council US Britain France Soviet Union (now Russia) and China ndash Can veto the decisions of the others-all must agree in order
to take action often a weakness for the organization bull Dedicated to keeping World Peace through international
peace keeping missions ndash Work towards strengthening education preventing disease
poverty and hunger bull Relies upon local governments for coordination-often
leading to inefficiencies when the governments are the ones creating the problems
Extra Credit Assignment
bull Pretend you are President Harry Truman trying to convince the US Congress to allow the US the join the United Nations since they wanted to stay out of the League of Nations years previously Write a 12 sentence speech convincing Congress to join using what you have learned from WWII and create a propaganda poster to support your speech
bull Due the Day we return from Christmas Break-Will replace a quiz grade with a 100 if done well
Nazi Blitzkrieg
bull Blitzkrieg ldquoLightning Warrdquo ndash German strategy to
do a series of quick constant attacks to keep the enemy from easily responding bull Easily took Norway
Denmark Netherlands Belgium sites set on France
The Fall of France
bull British troops were evacuated bull German Attacked from the
North bull Italy from the South bull Outnumbered and
demoralized France Falls ndash June 1940 forced to
surrender in the same place Germany was forced to sign the Treaty of Versailles
ndash French officers including Charles de Gaulle escaped to Britain to plan liberation
ndash French continued guerrilla warfare against the Axis powers
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Denmark
ndash Norway
ndash Netherlands
ndash Belgium
ndash France
Operation Sea Lion
bull Battle of Britain-Failure of the Blitz ndash Winston Churchill ldquoWe
shall never surrenderrdquo ndash August 1940 first bombs
by German plains bull 57 Day campaign of
bombing London bull People defiantly
continued their lives 15000 people lost their lives Parliament still met King and Queen went to bomb shelters with citizens
ndash May 1941 Hitler calls it a failure and calls a new strategy
Operation Barbarossa History Repeats itself
bull June 1941 Turned sites on Soviet Union ndash Caught Stalin off guard
leading to the death of 2 frac12 million soldiers in 6 months (Why) bull Nazi-Soviet Pact bull Many top officers assassinated
during Stalinrsquos purge ndash Soviets turned to burning
crops and animals destroying cities to avoid Germans taking them bull Called bull Scorched Earth Policy bull So also like Napoleon what
happens when winter comes
Siege of Leningrad lasts 2 frac12 years bull Millions die of hunger Britain reemerges to help
Soviets with creating a 2 Front War on Germany
US‟s 1941 1 Sided Neutrality
bull Lend-Lease Act FDR can lend war materials to any country whose defense the president thinks is vital to keeping the US safe ndash ldquoArsenal of democracyrdquo lend arms to those fighting for freedom ndash Meaning who in this war
bull Atlantic Charter secret meeting between Churchill and FDR- destroy Nazis people right to chose how they are governed
ldquoA Date which will remain in infamyrdquo
bull Japan is creating a growing Pacific Empire
bull Under Atlantic Charter US stops providing war materials to JapanhellipWhy
bull Japan mad-General Tojo orders attacks on American Military Fleet in Pearl Harbor
bull December 7 1941 declares war on Japan
bull December 11 rest of Axis powers declare war on US
bull Beginning of 1942-Axis powers at their height of control
EUROPEAN SUCCESS
Distrustful Allies
bull Stalin Churchill and FDR distrust each other ndash Stalin fearful Churchill
and FDR deliberately delaying the beginning of Western Front war to weaken Communism
ndash Roosevelt leery Churchill will want to expand British Imperial power
The Side Effects of Total War
bull Allies began Total War (meaning) ndash Men drafted to war ndash Propaganda
bull Posters news broadcasts everything showed the evils of Japanese and Germans Rosie the Riveter pics urged women into factories
ndash Effects ndash Women urged to do their part by
kicking off their dresses and working in factories building war materials
ndash Rationing of food and war materials ndash 1942 Japanese Americans lost their jobs
property and rights by being interned in camps because of fear they were loyal to Japan
bull Began attack in Northern Africa ndash Forced surrender of
Axis army in Northern Africa in May 1943
ndash Staging ground for invasion of Italy
bull Invaded Italy in July 1943
bull Defeated Mussolini by August 1943 ndash Mussolini overthrown
bull Germany weakened by having to fight Allies in Italy to save Mussolini
Northern Africa to Italy
Aug 1942 Battle of Stalingrad
bull 1942 Hitler still stalled outside Leningrad switch to oil rich Stalingrad in the South ndash Germans surrounded
city ndash Soviets from North
surrounded Germans ndash Fought street by street
house by house bull Early 1943 Germans
surrendered and were pushed out of USSR by Aug 1944
D-Day
bull 1944 US General Eisenhower prepared to open second European Front ndash Bombed German factories
cities and aircraft to weaken army
bull June 6 1944 Paratroopers dropped into France at dawn soldiers stormed the beaches of Normandy France others entered through Italy French resisted from inside Paris
bull All of France free by September 1944
Hitler‟s Last Stand
bull Battle of the Bulge Dec 1944- Battle in Ardennes Mts Of Belgium ndash Offensive by Germans to
split the Allied army in half ndash Initially successful but
Allies prevailed pushing into Germany bull April 1945 Americans meet
Soviets at Elbe River bull Mussolini assassinated Hitler
committed suicide and European conflict officially over on VE Day May 8 1945 (Victory in Europe)
WAR IN THE PACIFIC
Bataan Death March
bull May 1942 Japan takes
control of US Phillipines ndash Forced 75000 American
soldiers and Filipino
civilians on a 68 mile
march to remove the
enemy forces from areas
around their next area of
attack bull Starved beaten tortured
murdered
Island Hopping Campaign bull General McArthur
successful at The Battle of Midway in June 1942 ndash Began hopping from
Island to Island retaking Japanese controlled lands
bull British fighting in Burma and Malaya staged from which colony ndash McArthur had vowed to
return to help Philippines Oct 1944 kept promise
Gloom in the Pacific
bull 1945 war in Europe over
all resources into Pacific
but Japan still strong and ndash Japanese began Kamikaze
missions (which are)
ndash Japanese fought to the
death rather than surrender
at Iwo Jima and Okinawa
bull Success seemed far way
The Allies Choice
bull Planned an invasion of Japan but fearful of Allied casualties
bull July 1945 International group of scientists completed the Manhattan Project successfully testing an atomic bomb in what State
bull President Harry Truman (what happened to FDR) gives Emperor Hirohito an ultimatum surrender or face ldquoutter and complete destructionrdquo-Japan ignores
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
bull August 6 1945-Atomic bomb instantly kills 70000 Japanese citizens Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 8 1945-Soviets declare war and invade Manchuria Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 9 1945-US bomb Nagasaki- atomic bomb instantly kills 40000 Japanese
bull August 10th Hirohito forces Japanese military to surrender officially ending the war in September
Atomic Bomb Debate
bull Should the US have dropped the bombs
Why or Why not ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against the use
of atomic bombs to end WWII
ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against keeping
or destroying all atomic bombs now
Effects of the War
bull Mass Casualties ndash 75 million people total
bull 22 million in the Soviet Union alone (most)
bull Nuremberg Trials ndash Axis powers tried for
Crimes against humanity bull 142 Germans and
Austrians (many Nazi leaders) tried and sentenced to death for their associations with the Holocaust
bull Similar trials in Japan for what actions
ndash Served to show military could be held responsible for their actions exposed the horrors of fascists and dictators hoping to secure a place for democracy
Holocaust Facts
bull 6 million Jews 4 million more gypsies Slavic peoples homosexuals or physically handicapped systematically killed
bull Millions more enslaved in work camps used for medical experiments
bull Jews and others fought back ndash Destroyed gas
chambers ndash Hid Jewish people ndash Denmark and Bulgaria
managed to save almost their entire Jewish population
Denmark‟s Jews
bull Niels Bohr (Danish physicist contracted to work on The Manhattan Project in US) snuck out of Denmark to Neutral Sweden for safe passage to US when arrived in Sweden refused to leave to the US until they agreed to offer asylum to all the Danish Jews All Jews were quietly snuck out of Denmark with the help of the failing Danish government and ordinary citizens who had been hiding them during the German occupation
United Nations
bull April 1945 50 nations created the UN Charter in San Francisco
bull 5 permanent members of the Security Council US Britain France Soviet Union (now Russia) and China ndash Can veto the decisions of the others-all must agree in order
to take action often a weakness for the organization bull Dedicated to keeping World Peace through international
peace keeping missions ndash Work towards strengthening education preventing disease
poverty and hunger bull Relies upon local governments for coordination-often
leading to inefficiencies when the governments are the ones creating the problems
Extra Credit Assignment
bull Pretend you are President Harry Truman trying to convince the US Congress to allow the US the join the United Nations since they wanted to stay out of the League of Nations years previously Write a 12 sentence speech convincing Congress to join using what you have learned from WWII and create a propaganda poster to support your speech
bull Due the Day we return from Christmas Break-Will replace a quiz grade with a 100 if done well
The Fall of France
bull British troops were evacuated bull German Attacked from the
North bull Italy from the South bull Outnumbered and
demoralized France Falls ndash June 1940 forced to
surrender in the same place Germany was forced to sign the Treaty of Versailles
ndash French officers including Charles de Gaulle escaped to Britain to plan liberation
ndash French continued guerrilla warfare against the Axis powers
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Denmark
ndash Norway
ndash Netherlands
ndash Belgium
ndash France
Operation Sea Lion
bull Battle of Britain-Failure of the Blitz ndash Winston Churchill ldquoWe
shall never surrenderrdquo ndash August 1940 first bombs
by German plains bull 57 Day campaign of
bombing London bull People defiantly
continued their lives 15000 people lost their lives Parliament still met King and Queen went to bomb shelters with citizens
ndash May 1941 Hitler calls it a failure and calls a new strategy
Operation Barbarossa History Repeats itself
bull June 1941 Turned sites on Soviet Union ndash Caught Stalin off guard
leading to the death of 2 frac12 million soldiers in 6 months (Why) bull Nazi-Soviet Pact bull Many top officers assassinated
during Stalinrsquos purge ndash Soviets turned to burning
crops and animals destroying cities to avoid Germans taking them bull Called bull Scorched Earth Policy bull So also like Napoleon what
happens when winter comes
Siege of Leningrad lasts 2 frac12 years bull Millions die of hunger Britain reemerges to help
Soviets with creating a 2 Front War on Germany
US‟s 1941 1 Sided Neutrality
bull Lend-Lease Act FDR can lend war materials to any country whose defense the president thinks is vital to keeping the US safe ndash ldquoArsenal of democracyrdquo lend arms to those fighting for freedom ndash Meaning who in this war
bull Atlantic Charter secret meeting between Churchill and FDR- destroy Nazis people right to chose how they are governed
ldquoA Date which will remain in infamyrdquo
bull Japan is creating a growing Pacific Empire
bull Under Atlantic Charter US stops providing war materials to JapanhellipWhy
bull Japan mad-General Tojo orders attacks on American Military Fleet in Pearl Harbor
bull December 7 1941 declares war on Japan
bull December 11 rest of Axis powers declare war on US
bull Beginning of 1942-Axis powers at their height of control
EUROPEAN SUCCESS
Distrustful Allies
bull Stalin Churchill and FDR distrust each other ndash Stalin fearful Churchill
and FDR deliberately delaying the beginning of Western Front war to weaken Communism
ndash Roosevelt leery Churchill will want to expand British Imperial power
The Side Effects of Total War
bull Allies began Total War (meaning) ndash Men drafted to war ndash Propaganda
bull Posters news broadcasts everything showed the evils of Japanese and Germans Rosie the Riveter pics urged women into factories
ndash Effects ndash Women urged to do their part by
kicking off their dresses and working in factories building war materials
ndash Rationing of food and war materials ndash 1942 Japanese Americans lost their jobs
property and rights by being interned in camps because of fear they were loyal to Japan
bull Began attack in Northern Africa ndash Forced surrender of
Axis army in Northern Africa in May 1943
ndash Staging ground for invasion of Italy
bull Invaded Italy in July 1943
bull Defeated Mussolini by August 1943 ndash Mussolini overthrown
bull Germany weakened by having to fight Allies in Italy to save Mussolini
Northern Africa to Italy
Aug 1942 Battle of Stalingrad
bull 1942 Hitler still stalled outside Leningrad switch to oil rich Stalingrad in the South ndash Germans surrounded
city ndash Soviets from North
surrounded Germans ndash Fought street by street
house by house bull Early 1943 Germans
surrendered and were pushed out of USSR by Aug 1944
D-Day
bull 1944 US General Eisenhower prepared to open second European Front ndash Bombed German factories
cities and aircraft to weaken army
bull June 6 1944 Paratroopers dropped into France at dawn soldiers stormed the beaches of Normandy France others entered through Italy French resisted from inside Paris
bull All of France free by September 1944
Hitler‟s Last Stand
bull Battle of the Bulge Dec 1944- Battle in Ardennes Mts Of Belgium ndash Offensive by Germans to
split the Allied army in half ndash Initially successful but
Allies prevailed pushing into Germany bull April 1945 Americans meet
Soviets at Elbe River bull Mussolini assassinated Hitler
committed suicide and European conflict officially over on VE Day May 8 1945 (Victory in Europe)
WAR IN THE PACIFIC
Bataan Death March
bull May 1942 Japan takes
control of US Phillipines ndash Forced 75000 American
soldiers and Filipino
civilians on a 68 mile
march to remove the
enemy forces from areas
around their next area of
attack bull Starved beaten tortured
murdered
Island Hopping Campaign bull General McArthur
successful at The Battle of Midway in June 1942 ndash Began hopping from
Island to Island retaking Japanese controlled lands
bull British fighting in Burma and Malaya staged from which colony ndash McArthur had vowed to
return to help Philippines Oct 1944 kept promise
Gloom in the Pacific
bull 1945 war in Europe over
all resources into Pacific
but Japan still strong and ndash Japanese began Kamikaze
missions (which are)
ndash Japanese fought to the
death rather than surrender
at Iwo Jima and Okinawa
bull Success seemed far way
The Allies Choice
bull Planned an invasion of Japan but fearful of Allied casualties
bull July 1945 International group of scientists completed the Manhattan Project successfully testing an atomic bomb in what State
bull President Harry Truman (what happened to FDR) gives Emperor Hirohito an ultimatum surrender or face ldquoutter and complete destructionrdquo-Japan ignores
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
bull August 6 1945-Atomic bomb instantly kills 70000 Japanese citizens Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 8 1945-Soviets declare war and invade Manchuria Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 9 1945-US bomb Nagasaki- atomic bomb instantly kills 40000 Japanese
bull August 10th Hirohito forces Japanese military to surrender officially ending the war in September
Atomic Bomb Debate
bull Should the US have dropped the bombs
Why or Why not ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against the use
of atomic bombs to end WWII
ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against keeping
or destroying all atomic bombs now
Effects of the War
bull Mass Casualties ndash 75 million people total
bull 22 million in the Soviet Union alone (most)
bull Nuremberg Trials ndash Axis powers tried for
Crimes against humanity bull 142 Germans and
Austrians (many Nazi leaders) tried and sentenced to death for their associations with the Holocaust
bull Similar trials in Japan for what actions
ndash Served to show military could be held responsible for their actions exposed the horrors of fascists and dictators hoping to secure a place for democracy
Holocaust Facts
bull 6 million Jews 4 million more gypsies Slavic peoples homosexuals or physically handicapped systematically killed
bull Millions more enslaved in work camps used for medical experiments
bull Jews and others fought back ndash Destroyed gas
chambers ndash Hid Jewish people ndash Denmark and Bulgaria
managed to save almost their entire Jewish population
Denmark‟s Jews
bull Niels Bohr (Danish physicist contracted to work on The Manhattan Project in US) snuck out of Denmark to Neutral Sweden for safe passage to US when arrived in Sweden refused to leave to the US until they agreed to offer asylum to all the Danish Jews All Jews were quietly snuck out of Denmark with the help of the failing Danish government and ordinary citizens who had been hiding them during the German occupation
United Nations
bull April 1945 50 nations created the UN Charter in San Francisco
bull 5 permanent members of the Security Council US Britain France Soviet Union (now Russia) and China ndash Can veto the decisions of the others-all must agree in order
to take action often a weakness for the organization bull Dedicated to keeping World Peace through international
peace keeping missions ndash Work towards strengthening education preventing disease
poverty and hunger bull Relies upon local governments for coordination-often
leading to inefficiencies when the governments are the ones creating the problems
Extra Credit Assignment
bull Pretend you are President Harry Truman trying to convince the US Congress to allow the US the join the United Nations since they wanted to stay out of the League of Nations years previously Write a 12 sentence speech convincing Congress to join using what you have learned from WWII and create a propaganda poster to support your speech
bull Due the Day we return from Christmas Break-Will replace a quiz grade with a 100 if done well
Axis Europe Expands
bull On your map choose a color for countries
that are Axis Controlled Color and label the
following ndash Denmark
ndash Norway
ndash Netherlands
ndash Belgium
ndash France
Operation Sea Lion
bull Battle of Britain-Failure of the Blitz ndash Winston Churchill ldquoWe
shall never surrenderrdquo ndash August 1940 first bombs
by German plains bull 57 Day campaign of
bombing London bull People defiantly
continued their lives 15000 people lost their lives Parliament still met King and Queen went to bomb shelters with citizens
ndash May 1941 Hitler calls it a failure and calls a new strategy
Operation Barbarossa History Repeats itself
bull June 1941 Turned sites on Soviet Union ndash Caught Stalin off guard
leading to the death of 2 frac12 million soldiers in 6 months (Why) bull Nazi-Soviet Pact bull Many top officers assassinated
during Stalinrsquos purge ndash Soviets turned to burning
crops and animals destroying cities to avoid Germans taking them bull Called bull Scorched Earth Policy bull So also like Napoleon what
happens when winter comes
Siege of Leningrad lasts 2 frac12 years bull Millions die of hunger Britain reemerges to help
Soviets with creating a 2 Front War on Germany
US‟s 1941 1 Sided Neutrality
bull Lend-Lease Act FDR can lend war materials to any country whose defense the president thinks is vital to keeping the US safe ndash ldquoArsenal of democracyrdquo lend arms to those fighting for freedom ndash Meaning who in this war
bull Atlantic Charter secret meeting between Churchill and FDR- destroy Nazis people right to chose how they are governed
ldquoA Date which will remain in infamyrdquo
bull Japan is creating a growing Pacific Empire
bull Under Atlantic Charter US stops providing war materials to JapanhellipWhy
bull Japan mad-General Tojo orders attacks on American Military Fleet in Pearl Harbor
bull December 7 1941 declares war on Japan
bull December 11 rest of Axis powers declare war on US
bull Beginning of 1942-Axis powers at their height of control
EUROPEAN SUCCESS
Distrustful Allies
bull Stalin Churchill and FDR distrust each other ndash Stalin fearful Churchill
and FDR deliberately delaying the beginning of Western Front war to weaken Communism
ndash Roosevelt leery Churchill will want to expand British Imperial power
The Side Effects of Total War
bull Allies began Total War (meaning) ndash Men drafted to war ndash Propaganda
bull Posters news broadcasts everything showed the evils of Japanese and Germans Rosie the Riveter pics urged women into factories
ndash Effects ndash Women urged to do their part by
kicking off their dresses and working in factories building war materials
ndash Rationing of food and war materials ndash 1942 Japanese Americans lost their jobs
property and rights by being interned in camps because of fear they were loyal to Japan
bull Began attack in Northern Africa ndash Forced surrender of
Axis army in Northern Africa in May 1943
ndash Staging ground for invasion of Italy
bull Invaded Italy in July 1943
bull Defeated Mussolini by August 1943 ndash Mussolini overthrown
bull Germany weakened by having to fight Allies in Italy to save Mussolini
Northern Africa to Italy
Aug 1942 Battle of Stalingrad
bull 1942 Hitler still stalled outside Leningrad switch to oil rich Stalingrad in the South ndash Germans surrounded
city ndash Soviets from North
surrounded Germans ndash Fought street by street
house by house bull Early 1943 Germans
surrendered and were pushed out of USSR by Aug 1944
D-Day
bull 1944 US General Eisenhower prepared to open second European Front ndash Bombed German factories
cities and aircraft to weaken army
bull June 6 1944 Paratroopers dropped into France at dawn soldiers stormed the beaches of Normandy France others entered through Italy French resisted from inside Paris
bull All of France free by September 1944
Hitler‟s Last Stand
bull Battle of the Bulge Dec 1944- Battle in Ardennes Mts Of Belgium ndash Offensive by Germans to
split the Allied army in half ndash Initially successful but
Allies prevailed pushing into Germany bull April 1945 Americans meet
Soviets at Elbe River bull Mussolini assassinated Hitler
committed suicide and European conflict officially over on VE Day May 8 1945 (Victory in Europe)
WAR IN THE PACIFIC
Bataan Death March
bull May 1942 Japan takes
control of US Phillipines ndash Forced 75000 American
soldiers and Filipino
civilians on a 68 mile
march to remove the
enemy forces from areas
around their next area of
attack bull Starved beaten tortured
murdered
Island Hopping Campaign bull General McArthur
successful at The Battle of Midway in June 1942 ndash Began hopping from
Island to Island retaking Japanese controlled lands
bull British fighting in Burma and Malaya staged from which colony ndash McArthur had vowed to
return to help Philippines Oct 1944 kept promise
Gloom in the Pacific
bull 1945 war in Europe over
all resources into Pacific
but Japan still strong and ndash Japanese began Kamikaze
missions (which are)
ndash Japanese fought to the
death rather than surrender
at Iwo Jima and Okinawa
bull Success seemed far way
The Allies Choice
bull Planned an invasion of Japan but fearful of Allied casualties
bull July 1945 International group of scientists completed the Manhattan Project successfully testing an atomic bomb in what State
bull President Harry Truman (what happened to FDR) gives Emperor Hirohito an ultimatum surrender or face ldquoutter and complete destructionrdquo-Japan ignores
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
bull August 6 1945-Atomic bomb instantly kills 70000 Japanese citizens Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 8 1945-Soviets declare war and invade Manchuria Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 9 1945-US bomb Nagasaki- atomic bomb instantly kills 40000 Japanese
bull August 10th Hirohito forces Japanese military to surrender officially ending the war in September
Atomic Bomb Debate
bull Should the US have dropped the bombs
Why or Why not ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against the use
of atomic bombs to end WWII
ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against keeping
or destroying all atomic bombs now
Effects of the War
bull Mass Casualties ndash 75 million people total
bull 22 million in the Soviet Union alone (most)
bull Nuremberg Trials ndash Axis powers tried for
Crimes against humanity bull 142 Germans and
Austrians (many Nazi leaders) tried and sentenced to death for their associations with the Holocaust
bull Similar trials in Japan for what actions
ndash Served to show military could be held responsible for their actions exposed the horrors of fascists and dictators hoping to secure a place for democracy
Holocaust Facts
bull 6 million Jews 4 million more gypsies Slavic peoples homosexuals or physically handicapped systematically killed
bull Millions more enslaved in work camps used for medical experiments
bull Jews and others fought back ndash Destroyed gas
chambers ndash Hid Jewish people ndash Denmark and Bulgaria
managed to save almost their entire Jewish population
Denmark‟s Jews
bull Niels Bohr (Danish physicist contracted to work on The Manhattan Project in US) snuck out of Denmark to Neutral Sweden for safe passage to US when arrived in Sweden refused to leave to the US until they agreed to offer asylum to all the Danish Jews All Jews were quietly snuck out of Denmark with the help of the failing Danish government and ordinary citizens who had been hiding them during the German occupation
United Nations
bull April 1945 50 nations created the UN Charter in San Francisco
bull 5 permanent members of the Security Council US Britain France Soviet Union (now Russia) and China ndash Can veto the decisions of the others-all must agree in order
to take action often a weakness for the organization bull Dedicated to keeping World Peace through international
peace keeping missions ndash Work towards strengthening education preventing disease
poverty and hunger bull Relies upon local governments for coordination-often
leading to inefficiencies when the governments are the ones creating the problems
Extra Credit Assignment
bull Pretend you are President Harry Truman trying to convince the US Congress to allow the US the join the United Nations since they wanted to stay out of the League of Nations years previously Write a 12 sentence speech convincing Congress to join using what you have learned from WWII and create a propaganda poster to support your speech
bull Due the Day we return from Christmas Break-Will replace a quiz grade with a 100 if done well
Operation Sea Lion
bull Battle of Britain-Failure of the Blitz ndash Winston Churchill ldquoWe
shall never surrenderrdquo ndash August 1940 first bombs
by German plains bull 57 Day campaign of
bombing London bull People defiantly
continued their lives 15000 people lost their lives Parliament still met King and Queen went to bomb shelters with citizens
ndash May 1941 Hitler calls it a failure and calls a new strategy
Operation Barbarossa History Repeats itself
bull June 1941 Turned sites on Soviet Union ndash Caught Stalin off guard
leading to the death of 2 frac12 million soldiers in 6 months (Why) bull Nazi-Soviet Pact bull Many top officers assassinated
during Stalinrsquos purge ndash Soviets turned to burning
crops and animals destroying cities to avoid Germans taking them bull Called bull Scorched Earth Policy bull So also like Napoleon what
happens when winter comes
Siege of Leningrad lasts 2 frac12 years bull Millions die of hunger Britain reemerges to help
Soviets with creating a 2 Front War on Germany
US‟s 1941 1 Sided Neutrality
bull Lend-Lease Act FDR can lend war materials to any country whose defense the president thinks is vital to keeping the US safe ndash ldquoArsenal of democracyrdquo lend arms to those fighting for freedom ndash Meaning who in this war
bull Atlantic Charter secret meeting between Churchill and FDR- destroy Nazis people right to chose how they are governed
ldquoA Date which will remain in infamyrdquo
bull Japan is creating a growing Pacific Empire
bull Under Atlantic Charter US stops providing war materials to JapanhellipWhy
bull Japan mad-General Tojo orders attacks on American Military Fleet in Pearl Harbor
bull December 7 1941 declares war on Japan
bull December 11 rest of Axis powers declare war on US
bull Beginning of 1942-Axis powers at their height of control
EUROPEAN SUCCESS
Distrustful Allies
bull Stalin Churchill and FDR distrust each other ndash Stalin fearful Churchill
and FDR deliberately delaying the beginning of Western Front war to weaken Communism
ndash Roosevelt leery Churchill will want to expand British Imperial power
The Side Effects of Total War
bull Allies began Total War (meaning) ndash Men drafted to war ndash Propaganda
bull Posters news broadcasts everything showed the evils of Japanese and Germans Rosie the Riveter pics urged women into factories
ndash Effects ndash Women urged to do their part by
kicking off their dresses and working in factories building war materials
ndash Rationing of food and war materials ndash 1942 Japanese Americans lost their jobs
property and rights by being interned in camps because of fear they were loyal to Japan
bull Began attack in Northern Africa ndash Forced surrender of
Axis army in Northern Africa in May 1943
ndash Staging ground for invasion of Italy
bull Invaded Italy in July 1943
bull Defeated Mussolini by August 1943 ndash Mussolini overthrown
bull Germany weakened by having to fight Allies in Italy to save Mussolini
Northern Africa to Italy
Aug 1942 Battle of Stalingrad
bull 1942 Hitler still stalled outside Leningrad switch to oil rich Stalingrad in the South ndash Germans surrounded
city ndash Soviets from North
surrounded Germans ndash Fought street by street
house by house bull Early 1943 Germans
surrendered and were pushed out of USSR by Aug 1944
D-Day
bull 1944 US General Eisenhower prepared to open second European Front ndash Bombed German factories
cities and aircraft to weaken army
bull June 6 1944 Paratroopers dropped into France at dawn soldiers stormed the beaches of Normandy France others entered through Italy French resisted from inside Paris
bull All of France free by September 1944
Hitler‟s Last Stand
bull Battle of the Bulge Dec 1944- Battle in Ardennes Mts Of Belgium ndash Offensive by Germans to
split the Allied army in half ndash Initially successful but
Allies prevailed pushing into Germany bull April 1945 Americans meet
Soviets at Elbe River bull Mussolini assassinated Hitler
committed suicide and European conflict officially over on VE Day May 8 1945 (Victory in Europe)
WAR IN THE PACIFIC
Bataan Death March
bull May 1942 Japan takes
control of US Phillipines ndash Forced 75000 American
soldiers and Filipino
civilians on a 68 mile
march to remove the
enemy forces from areas
around their next area of
attack bull Starved beaten tortured
murdered
Island Hopping Campaign bull General McArthur
successful at The Battle of Midway in June 1942 ndash Began hopping from
Island to Island retaking Japanese controlled lands
bull British fighting in Burma and Malaya staged from which colony ndash McArthur had vowed to
return to help Philippines Oct 1944 kept promise
Gloom in the Pacific
bull 1945 war in Europe over
all resources into Pacific
but Japan still strong and ndash Japanese began Kamikaze
missions (which are)
ndash Japanese fought to the
death rather than surrender
at Iwo Jima and Okinawa
bull Success seemed far way
The Allies Choice
bull Planned an invasion of Japan but fearful of Allied casualties
bull July 1945 International group of scientists completed the Manhattan Project successfully testing an atomic bomb in what State
bull President Harry Truman (what happened to FDR) gives Emperor Hirohito an ultimatum surrender or face ldquoutter and complete destructionrdquo-Japan ignores
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
bull August 6 1945-Atomic bomb instantly kills 70000 Japanese citizens Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 8 1945-Soviets declare war and invade Manchuria Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 9 1945-US bomb Nagasaki- atomic bomb instantly kills 40000 Japanese
bull August 10th Hirohito forces Japanese military to surrender officially ending the war in September
Atomic Bomb Debate
bull Should the US have dropped the bombs
Why or Why not ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against the use
of atomic bombs to end WWII
ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against keeping
or destroying all atomic bombs now
Effects of the War
bull Mass Casualties ndash 75 million people total
bull 22 million in the Soviet Union alone (most)
bull Nuremberg Trials ndash Axis powers tried for
Crimes against humanity bull 142 Germans and
Austrians (many Nazi leaders) tried and sentenced to death for their associations with the Holocaust
bull Similar trials in Japan for what actions
ndash Served to show military could be held responsible for their actions exposed the horrors of fascists and dictators hoping to secure a place for democracy
Holocaust Facts
bull 6 million Jews 4 million more gypsies Slavic peoples homosexuals or physically handicapped systematically killed
bull Millions more enslaved in work camps used for medical experiments
bull Jews and others fought back ndash Destroyed gas
chambers ndash Hid Jewish people ndash Denmark and Bulgaria
managed to save almost their entire Jewish population
Denmark‟s Jews
bull Niels Bohr (Danish physicist contracted to work on The Manhattan Project in US) snuck out of Denmark to Neutral Sweden for safe passage to US when arrived in Sweden refused to leave to the US until they agreed to offer asylum to all the Danish Jews All Jews were quietly snuck out of Denmark with the help of the failing Danish government and ordinary citizens who had been hiding them during the German occupation
United Nations
bull April 1945 50 nations created the UN Charter in San Francisco
bull 5 permanent members of the Security Council US Britain France Soviet Union (now Russia) and China ndash Can veto the decisions of the others-all must agree in order
to take action often a weakness for the organization bull Dedicated to keeping World Peace through international
peace keeping missions ndash Work towards strengthening education preventing disease
poverty and hunger bull Relies upon local governments for coordination-often
leading to inefficiencies when the governments are the ones creating the problems
Extra Credit Assignment
bull Pretend you are President Harry Truman trying to convince the US Congress to allow the US the join the United Nations since they wanted to stay out of the League of Nations years previously Write a 12 sentence speech convincing Congress to join using what you have learned from WWII and create a propaganda poster to support your speech
bull Due the Day we return from Christmas Break-Will replace a quiz grade with a 100 if done well
Operation Barbarossa History Repeats itself
bull June 1941 Turned sites on Soviet Union ndash Caught Stalin off guard
leading to the death of 2 frac12 million soldiers in 6 months (Why) bull Nazi-Soviet Pact bull Many top officers assassinated
during Stalinrsquos purge ndash Soviets turned to burning
crops and animals destroying cities to avoid Germans taking them bull Called bull Scorched Earth Policy bull So also like Napoleon what
happens when winter comes
Siege of Leningrad lasts 2 frac12 years bull Millions die of hunger Britain reemerges to help
Soviets with creating a 2 Front War on Germany
US‟s 1941 1 Sided Neutrality
bull Lend-Lease Act FDR can lend war materials to any country whose defense the president thinks is vital to keeping the US safe ndash ldquoArsenal of democracyrdquo lend arms to those fighting for freedom ndash Meaning who in this war
bull Atlantic Charter secret meeting between Churchill and FDR- destroy Nazis people right to chose how they are governed
ldquoA Date which will remain in infamyrdquo
bull Japan is creating a growing Pacific Empire
bull Under Atlantic Charter US stops providing war materials to JapanhellipWhy
bull Japan mad-General Tojo orders attacks on American Military Fleet in Pearl Harbor
bull December 7 1941 declares war on Japan
bull December 11 rest of Axis powers declare war on US
bull Beginning of 1942-Axis powers at their height of control
EUROPEAN SUCCESS
Distrustful Allies
bull Stalin Churchill and FDR distrust each other ndash Stalin fearful Churchill
and FDR deliberately delaying the beginning of Western Front war to weaken Communism
ndash Roosevelt leery Churchill will want to expand British Imperial power
The Side Effects of Total War
bull Allies began Total War (meaning) ndash Men drafted to war ndash Propaganda
bull Posters news broadcasts everything showed the evils of Japanese and Germans Rosie the Riveter pics urged women into factories
ndash Effects ndash Women urged to do their part by
kicking off their dresses and working in factories building war materials
ndash Rationing of food and war materials ndash 1942 Japanese Americans lost their jobs
property and rights by being interned in camps because of fear they were loyal to Japan
bull Began attack in Northern Africa ndash Forced surrender of
Axis army in Northern Africa in May 1943
ndash Staging ground for invasion of Italy
bull Invaded Italy in July 1943
bull Defeated Mussolini by August 1943 ndash Mussolini overthrown
bull Germany weakened by having to fight Allies in Italy to save Mussolini
Northern Africa to Italy
Aug 1942 Battle of Stalingrad
bull 1942 Hitler still stalled outside Leningrad switch to oil rich Stalingrad in the South ndash Germans surrounded
city ndash Soviets from North
surrounded Germans ndash Fought street by street
house by house bull Early 1943 Germans
surrendered and were pushed out of USSR by Aug 1944
D-Day
bull 1944 US General Eisenhower prepared to open second European Front ndash Bombed German factories
cities and aircraft to weaken army
bull June 6 1944 Paratroopers dropped into France at dawn soldiers stormed the beaches of Normandy France others entered through Italy French resisted from inside Paris
bull All of France free by September 1944
Hitler‟s Last Stand
bull Battle of the Bulge Dec 1944- Battle in Ardennes Mts Of Belgium ndash Offensive by Germans to
split the Allied army in half ndash Initially successful but
Allies prevailed pushing into Germany bull April 1945 Americans meet
Soviets at Elbe River bull Mussolini assassinated Hitler
committed suicide and European conflict officially over on VE Day May 8 1945 (Victory in Europe)
WAR IN THE PACIFIC
Bataan Death March
bull May 1942 Japan takes
control of US Phillipines ndash Forced 75000 American
soldiers and Filipino
civilians on a 68 mile
march to remove the
enemy forces from areas
around their next area of
attack bull Starved beaten tortured
murdered
Island Hopping Campaign bull General McArthur
successful at The Battle of Midway in June 1942 ndash Began hopping from
Island to Island retaking Japanese controlled lands
bull British fighting in Burma and Malaya staged from which colony ndash McArthur had vowed to
return to help Philippines Oct 1944 kept promise
Gloom in the Pacific
bull 1945 war in Europe over
all resources into Pacific
but Japan still strong and ndash Japanese began Kamikaze
missions (which are)
ndash Japanese fought to the
death rather than surrender
at Iwo Jima and Okinawa
bull Success seemed far way
The Allies Choice
bull Planned an invasion of Japan but fearful of Allied casualties
bull July 1945 International group of scientists completed the Manhattan Project successfully testing an atomic bomb in what State
bull President Harry Truman (what happened to FDR) gives Emperor Hirohito an ultimatum surrender or face ldquoutter and complete destructionrdquo-Japan ignores
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
bull August 6 1945-Atomic bomb instantly kills 70000 Japanese citizens Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 8 1945-Soviets declare war and invade Manchuria Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 9 1945-US bomb Nagasaki- atomic bomb instantly kills 40000 Japanese
bull August 10th Hirohito forces Japanese military to surrender officially ending the war in September
Atomic Bomb Debate
bull Should the US have dropped the bombs
Why or Why not ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against the use
of atomic bombs to end WWII
ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against keeping
or destroying all atomic bombs now
Effects of the War
bull Mass Casualties ndash 75 million people total
bull 22 million in the Soviet Union alone (most)
bull Nuremberg Trials ndash Axis powers tried for
Crimes against humanity bull 142 Germans and
Austrians (many Nazi leaders) tried and sentenced to death for their associations with the Holocaust
bull Similar trials in Japan for what actions
ndash Served to show military could be held responsible for their actions exposed the horrors of fascists and dictators hoping to secure a place for democracy
Holocaust Facts
bull 6 million Jews 4 million more gypsies Slavic peoples homosexuals or physically handicapped systematically killed
bull Millions more enslaved in work camps used for medical experiments
bull Jews and others fought back ndash Destroyed gas
chambers ndash Hid Jewish people ndash Denmark and Bulgaria
managed to save almost their entire Jewish population
Denmark‟s Jews
bull Niels Bohr (Danish physicist contracted to work on The Manhattan Project in US) snuck out of Denmark to Neutral Sweden for safe passage to US when arrived in Sweden refused to leave to the US until they agreed to offer asylum to all the Danish Jews All Jews were quietly snuck out of Denmark with the help of the failing Danish government and ordinary citizens who had been hiding them during the German occupation
United Nations
bull April 1945 50 nations created the UN Charter in San Francisco
bull 5 permanent members of the Security Council US Britain France Soviet Union (now Russia) and China ndash Can veto the decisions of the others-all must agree in order
to take action often a weakness for the organization bull Dedicated to keeping World Peace through international
peace keeping missions ndash Work towards strengthening education preventing disease
poverty and hunger bull Relies upon local governments for coordination-often
leading to inefficiencies when the governments are the ones creating the problems
Extra Credit Assignment
bull Pretend you are President Harry Truman trying to convince the US Congress to allow the US the join the United Nations since they wanted to stay out of the League of Nations years previously Write a 12 sentence speech convincing Congress to join using what you have learned from WWII and create a propaganda poster to support your speech
bull Due the Day we return from Christmas Break-Will replace a quiz grade with a 100 if done well
Siege of Leningrad lasts 2 frac12 years bull Millions die of hunger Britain reemerges to help
Soviets with creating a 2 Front War on Germany
US‟s 1941 1 Sided Neutrality
bull Lend-Lease Act FDR can lend war materials to any country whose defense the president thinks is vital to keeping the US safe ndash ldquoArsenal of democracyrdquo lend arms to those fighting for freedom ndash Meaning who in this war
bull Atlantic Charter secret meeting between Churchill and FDR- destroy Nazis people right to chose how they are governed
ldquoA Date which will remain in infamyrdquo
bull Japan is creating a growing Pacific Empire
bull Under Atlantic Charter US stops providing war materials to JapanhellipWhy
bull Japan mad-General Tojo orders attacks on American Military Fleet in Pearl Harbor
bull December 7 1941 declares war on Japan
bull December 11 rest of Axis powers declare war on US
bull Beginning of 1942-Axis powers at their height of control
EUROPEAN SUCCESS
Distrustful Allies
bull Stalin Churchill and FDR distrust each other ndash Stalin fearful Churchill
and FDR deliberately delaying the beginning of Western Front war to weaken Communism
ndash Roosevelt leery Churchill will want to expand British Imperial power
The Side Effects of Total War
bull Allies began Total War (meaning) ndash Men drafted to war ndash Propaganda
bull Posters news broadcasts everything showed the evils of Japanese and Germans Rosie the Riveter pics urged women into factories
ndash Effects ndash Women urged to do their part by
kicking off their dresses and working in factories building war materials
ndash Rationing of food and war materials ndash 1942 Japanese Americans lost their jobs
property and rights by being interned in camps because of fear they were loyal to Japan
bull Began attack in Northern Africa ndash Forced surrender of
Axis army in Northern Africa in May 1943
ndash Staging ground for invasion of Italy
bull Invaded Italy in July 1943
bull Defeated Mussolini by August 1943 ndash Mussolini overthrown
bull Germany weakened by having to fight Allies in Italy to save Mussolini
Northern Africa to Italy
Aug 1942 Battle of Stalingrad
bull 1942 Hitler still stalled outside Leningrad switch to oil rich Stalingrad in the South ndash Germans surrounded
city ndash Soviets from North
surrounded Germans ndash Fought street by street
house by house bull Early 1943 Germans
surrendered and were pushed out of USSR by Aug 1944
D-Day
bull 1944 US General Eisenhower prepared to open second European Front ndash Bombed German factories
cities and aircraft to weaken army
bull June 6 1944 Paratroopers dropped into France at dawn soldiers stormed the beaches of Normandy France others entered through Italy French resisted from inside Paris
bull All of France free by September 1944
Hitler‟s Last Stand
bull Battle of the Bulge Dec 1944- Battle in Ardennes Mts Of Belgium ndash Offensive by Germans to
split the Allied army in half ndash Initially successful but
Allies prevailed pushing into Germany bull April 1945 Americans meet
Soviets at Elbe River bull Mussolini assassinated Hitler
committed suicide and European conflict officially over on VE Day May 8 1945 (Victory in Europe)
WAR IN THE PACIFIC
Bataan Death March
bull May 1942 Japan takes
control of US Phillipines ndash Forced 75000 American
soldiers and Filipino
civilians on a 68 mile
march to remove the
enemy forces from areas
around their next area of
attack bull Starved beaten tortured
murdered
Island Hopping Campaign bull General McArthur
successful at The Battle of Midway in June 1942 ndash Began hopping from
Island to Island retaking Japanese controlled lands
bull British fighting in Burma and Malaya staged from which colony ndash McArthur had vowed to
return to help Philippines Oct 1944 kept promise
Gloom in the Pacific
bull 1945 war in Europe over
all resources into Pacific
but Japan still strong and ndash Japanese began Kamikaze
missions (which are)
ndash Japanese fought to the
death rather than surrender
at Iwo Jima and Okinawa
bull Success seemed far way
The Allies Choice
bull Planned an invasion of Japan but fearful of Allied casualties
bull July 1945 International group of scientists completed the Manhattan Project successfully testing an atomic bomb in what State
bull President Harry Truman (what happened to FDR) gives Emperor Hirohito an ultimatum surrender or face ldquoutter and complete destructionrdquo-Japan ignores
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
bull August 6 1945-Atomic bomb instantly kills 70000 Japanese citizens Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 8 1945-Soviets declare war and invade Manchuria Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 9 1945-US bomb Nagasaki- atomic bomb instantly kills 40000 Japanese
bull August 10th Hirohito forces Japanese military to surrender officially ending the war in September
Atomic Bomb Debate
bull Should the US have dropped the bombs
Why or Why not ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against the use
of atomic bombs to end WWII
ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against keeping
or destroying all atomic bombs now
Effects of the War
bull Mass Casualties ndash 75 million people total
bull 22 million in the Soviet Union alone (most)
bull Nuremberg Trials ndash Axis powers tried for
Crimes against humanity bull 142 Germans and
Austrians (many Nazi leaders) tried and sentenced to death for their associations with the Holocaust
bull Similar trials in Japan for what actions
ndash Served to show military could be held responsible for their actions exposed the horrors of fascists and dictators hoping to secure a place for democracy
Holocaust Facts
bull 6 million Jews 4 million more gypsies Slavic peoples homosexuals or physically handicapped systematically killed
bull Millions more enslaved in work camps used for medical experiments
bull Jews and others fought back ndash Destroyed gas
chambers ndash Hid Jewish people ndash Denmark and Bulgaria
managed to save almost their entire Jewish population
Denmark‟s Jews
bull Niels Bohr (Danish physicist contracted to work on The Manhattan Project in US) snuck out of Denmark to Neutral Sweden for safe passage to US when arrived in Sweden refused to leave to the US until they agreed to offer asylum to all the Danish Jews All Jews were quietly snuck out of Denmark with the help of the failing Danish government and ordinary citizens who had been hiding them during the German occupation
United Nations
bull April 1945 50 nations created the UN Charter in San Francisco
bull 5 permanent members of the Security Council US Britain France Soviet Union (now Russia) and China ndash Can veto the decisions of the others-all must agree in order
to take action often a weakness for the organization bull Dedicated to keeping World Peace through international
peace keeping missions ndash Work towards strengthening education preventing disease
poverty and hunger bull Relies upon local governments for coordination-often
leading to inefficiencies when the governments are the ones creating the problems
Extra Credit Assignment
bull Pretend you are President Harry Truman trying to convince the US Congress to allow the US the join the United Nations since they wanted to stay out of the League of Nations years previously Write a 12 sentence speech convincing Congress to join using what you have learned from WWII and create a propaganda poster to support your speech
bull Due the Day we return from Christmas Break-Will replace a quiz grade with a 100 if done well
US‟s 1941 1 Sided Neutrality
bull Lend-Lease Act FDR can lend war materials to any country whose defense the president thinks is vital to keeping the US safe ndash ldquoArsenal of democracyrdquo lend arms to those fighting for freedom ndash Meaning who in this war
bull Atlantic Charter secret meeting between Churchill and FDR- destroy Nazis people right to chose how they are governed
ldquoA Date which will remain in infamyrdquo
bull Japan is creating a growing Pacific Empire
bull Under Atlantic Charter US stops providing war materials to JapanhellipWhy
bull Japan mad-General Tojo orders attacks on American Military Fleet in Pearl Harbor
bull December 7 1941 declares war on Japan
bull December 11 rest of Axis powers declare war on US
bull Beginning of 1942-Axis powers at their height of control
EUROPEAN SUCCESS
Distrustful Allies
bull Stalin Churchill and FDR distrust each other ndash Stalin fearful Churchill
and FDR deliberately delaying the beginning of Western Front war to weaken Communism
ndash Roosevelt leery Churchill will want to expand British Imperial power
The Side Effects of Total War
bull Allies began Total War (meaning) ndash Men drafted to war ndash Propaganda
bull Posters news broadcasts everything showed the evils of Japanese and Germans Rosie the Riveter pics urged women into factories
ndash Effects ndash Women urged to do their part by
kicking off their dresses and working in factories building war materials
ndash Rationing of food and war materials ndash 1942 Japanese Americans lost their jobs
property and rights by being interned in camps because of fear they were loyal to Japan
bull Began attack in Northern Africa ndash Forced surrender of
Axis army in Northern Africa in May 1943
ndash Staging ground for invasion of Italy
bull Invaded Italy in July 1943
bull Defeated Mussolini by August 1943 ndash Mussolini overthrown
bull Germany weakened by having to fight Allies in Italy to save Mussolini
Northern Africa to Italy
Aug 1942 Battle of Stalingrad
bull 1942 Hitler still stalled outside Leningrad switch to oil rich Stalingrad in the South ndash Germans surrounded
city ndash Soviets from North
surrounded Germans ndash Fought street by street
house by house bull Early 1943 Germans
surrendered and were pushed out of USSR by Aug 1944
D-Day
bull 1944 US General Eisenhower prepared to open second European Front ndash Bombed German factories
cities and aircraft to weaken army
bull June 6 1944 Paratroopers dropped into France at dawn soldiers stormed the beaches of Normandy France others entered through Italy French resisted from inside Paris
bull All of France free by September 1944
Hitler‟s Last Stand
bull Battle of the Bulge Dec 1944- Battle in Ardennes Mts Of Belgium ndash Offensive by Germans to
split the Allied army in half ndash Initially successful but
Allies prevailed pushing into Germany bull April 1945 Americans meet
Soviets at Elbe River bull Mussolini assassinated Hitler
committed suicide and European conflict officially over on VE Day May 8 1945 (Victory in Europe)
WAR IN THE PACIFIC
Bataan Death March
bull May 1942 Japan takes
control of US Phillipines ndash Forced 75000 American
soldiers and Filipino
civilians on a 68 mile
march to remove the
enemy forces from areas
around their next area of
attack bull Starved beaten tortured
murdered
Island Hopping Campaign bull General McArthur
successful at The Battle of Midway in June 1942 ndash Began hopping from
Island to Island retaking Japanese controlled lands
bull British fighting in Burma and Malaya staged from which colony ndash McArthur had vowed to
return to help Philippines Oct 1944 kept promise
Gloom in the Pacific
bull 1945 war in Europe over
all resources into Pacific
but Japan still strong and ndash Japanese began Kamikaze
missions (which are)
ndash Japanese fought to the
death rather than surrender
at Iwo Jima and Okinawa
bull Success seemed far way
The Allies Choice
bull Planned an invasion of Japan but fearful of Allied casualties
bull July 1945 International group of scientists completed the Manhattan Project successfully testing an atomic bomb in what State
bull President Harry Truman (what happened to FDR) gives Emperor Hirohito an ultimatum surrender or face ldquoutter and complete destructionrdquo-Japan ignores
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
bull August 6 1945-Atomic bomb instantly kills 70000 Japanese citizens Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 8 1945-Soviets declare war and invade Manchuria Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 9 1945-US bomb Nagasaki- atomic bomb instantly kills 40000 Japanese
bull August 10th Hirohito forces Japanese military to surrender officially ending the war in September
Atomic Bomb Debate
bull Should the US have dropped the bombs
Why or Why not ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against the use
of atomic bombs to end WWII
ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against keeping
or destroying all atomic bombs now
Effects of the War
bull Mass Casualties ndash 75 million people total
bull 22 million in the Soviet Union alone (most)
bull Nuremberg Trials ndash Axis powers tried for
Crimes against humanity bull 142 Germans and
Austrians (many Nazi leaders) tried and sentenced to death for their associations with the Holocaust
bull Similar trials in Japan for what actions
ndash Served to show military could be held responsible for their actions exposed the horrors of fascists and dictators hoping to secure a place for democracy
Holocaust Facts
bull 6 million Jews 4 million more gypsies Slavic peoples homosexuals or physically handicapped systematically killed
bull Millions more enslaved in work camps used for medical experiments
bull Jews and others fought back ndash Destroyed gas
chambers ndash Hid Jewish people ndash Denmark and Bulgaria
managed to save almost their entire Jewish population
Denmark‟s Jews
bull Niels Bohr (Danish physicist contracted to work on The Manhattan Project in US) snuck out of Denmark to Neutral Sweden for safe passage to US when arrived in Sweden refused to leave to the US until they agreed to offer asylum to all the Danish Jews All Jews were quietly snuck out of Denmark with the help of the failing Danish government and ordinary citizens who had been hiding them during the German occupation
United Nations
bull April 1945 50 nations created the UN Charter in San Francisco
bull 5 permanent members of the Security Council US Britain France Soviet Union (now Russia) and China ndash Can veto the decisions of the others-all must agree in order
to take action often a weakness for the organization bull Dedicated to keeping World Peace through international
peace keeping missions ndash Work towards strengthening education preventing disease
poverty and hunger bull Relies upon local governments for coordination-often
leading to inefficiencies when the governments are the ones creating the problems
Extra Credit Assignment
bull Pretend you are President Harry Truman trying to convince the US Congress to allow the US the join the United Nations since they wanted to stay out of the League of Nations years previously Write a 12 sentence speech convincing Congress to join using what you have learned from WWII and create a propaganda poster to support your speech
bull Due the Day we return from Christmas Break-Will replace a quiz grade with a 100 if done well
ldquoA Date which will remain in infamyrdquo
bull Japan is creating a growing Pacific Empire
bull Under Atlantic Charter US stops providing war materials to JapanhellipWhy
bull Japan mad-General Tojo orders attacks on American Military Fleet in Pearl Harbor
bull December 7 1941 declares war on Japan
bull December 11 rest of Axis powers declare war on US
bull Beginning of 1942-Axis powers at their height of control
EUROPEAN SUCCESS
Distrustful Allies
bull Stalin Churchill and FDR distrust each other ndash Stalin fearful Churchill
and FDR deliberately delaying the beginning of Western Front war to weaken Communism
ndash Roosevelt leery Churchill will want to expand British Imperial power
The Side Effects of Total War
bull Allies began Total War (meaning) ndash Men drafted to war ndash Propaganda
bull Posters news broadcasts everything showed the evils of Japanese and Germans Rosie the Riveter pics urged women into factories
ndash Effects ndash Women urged to do their part by
kicking off their dresses and working in factories building war materials
ndash Rationing of food and war materials ndash 1942 Japanese Americans lost their jobs
property and rights by being interned in camps because of fear they were loyal to Japan
bull Began attack in Northern Africa ndash Forced surrender of
Axis army in Northern Africa in May 1943
ndash Staging ground for invasion of Italy
bull Invaded Italy in July 1943
bull Defeated Mussolini by August 1943 ndash Mussolini overthrown
bull Germany weakened by having to fight Allies in Italy to save Mussolini
Northern Africa to Italy
Aug 1942 Battle of Stalingrad
bull 1942 Hitler still stalled outside Leningrad switch to oil rich Stalingrad in the South ndash Germans surrounded
city ndash Soviets from North
surrounded Germans ndash Fought street by street
house by house bull Early 1943 Germans
surrendered and were pushed out of USSR by Aug 1944
D-Day
bull 1944 US General Eisenhower prepared to open second European Front ndash Bombed German factories
cities and aircraft to weaken army
bull June 6 1944 Paratroopers dropped into France at dawn soldiers stormed the beaches of Normandy France others entered through Italy French resisted from inside Paris
bull All of France free by September 1944
Hitler‟s Last Stand
bull Battle of the Bulge Dec 1944- Battle in Ardennes Mts Of Belgium ndash Offensive by Germans to
split the Allied army in half ndash Initially successful but
Allies prevailed pushing into Germany bull April 1945 Americans meet
Soviets at Elbe River bull Mussolini assassinated Hitler
committed suicide and European conflict officially over on VE Day May 8 1945 (Victory in Europe)
WAR IN THE PACIFIC
Bataan Death March
bull May 1942 Japan takes
control of US Phillipines ndash Forced 75000 American
soldiers and Filipino
civilians on a 68 mile
march to remove the
enemy forces from areas
around their next area of
attack bull Starved beaten tortured
murdered
Island Hopping Campaign bull General McArthur
successful at The Battle of Midway in June 1942 ndash Began hopping from
Island to Island retaking Japanese controlled lands
bull British fighting in Burma and Malaya staged from which colony ndash McArthur had vowed to
return to help Philippines Oct 1944 kept promise
Gloom in the Pacific
bull 1945 war in Europe over
all resources into Pacific
but Japan still strong and ndash Japanese began Kamikaze
missions (which are)
ndash Japanese fought to the
death rather than surrender
at Iwo Jima and Okinawa
bull Success seemed far way
The Allies Choice
bull Planned an invasion of Japan but fearful of Allied casualties
bull July 1945 International group of scientists completed the Manhattan Project successfully testing an atomic bomb in what State
bull President Harry Truman (what happened to FDR) gives Emperor Hirohito an ultimatum surrender or face ldquoutter and complete destructionrdquo-Japan ignores
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
bull August 6 1945-Atomic bomb instantly kills 70000 Japanese citizens Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 8 1945-Soviets declare war and invade Manchuria Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 9 1945-US bomb Nagasaki- atomic bomb instantly kills 40000 Japanese
bull August 10th Hirohito forces Japanese military to surrender officially ending the war in September
Atomic Bomb Debate
bull Should the US have dropped the bombs
Why or Why not ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against the use
of atomic bombs to end WWII
ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against keeping
or destroying all atomic bombs now
Effects of the War
bull Mass Casualties ndash 75 million people total
bull 22 million in the Soviet Union alone (most)
bull Nuremberg Trials ndash Axis powers tried for
Crimes against humanity bull 142 Germans and
Austrians (many Nazi leaders) tried and sentenced to death for their associations with the Holocaust
bull Similar trials in Japan for what actions
ndash Served to show military could be held responsible for their actions exposed the horrors of fascists and dictators hoping to secure a place for democracy
Holocaust Facts
bull 6 million Jews 4 million more gypsies Slavic peoples homosexuals or physically handicapped systematically killed
bull Millions more enslaved in work camps used for medical experiments
bull Jews and others fought back ndash Destroyed gas
chambers ndash Hid Jewish people ndash Denmark and Bulgaria
managed to save almost their entire Jewish population
Denmark‟s Jews
bull Niels Bohr (Danish physicist contracted to work on The Manhattan Project in US) snuck out of Denmark to Neutral Sweden for safe passage to US when arrived in Sweden refused to leave to the US until they agreed to offer asylum to all the Danish Jews All Jews were quietly snuck out of Denmark with the help of the failing Danish government and ordinary citizens who had been hiding them during the German occupation
United Nations
bull April 1945 50 nations created the UN Charter in San Francisco
bull 5 permanent members of the Security Council US Britain France Soviet Union (now Russia) and China ndash Can veto the decisions of the others-all must agree in order
to take action often a weakness for the organization bull Dedicated to keeping World Peace through international
peace keeping missions ndash Work towards strengthening education preventing disease
poverty and hunger bull Relies upon local governments for coordination-often
leading to inefficiencies when the governments are the ones creating the problems
Extra Credit Assignment
bull Pretend you are President Harry Truman trying to convince the US Congress to allow the US the join the United Nations since they wanted to stay out of the League of Nations years previously Write a 12 sentence speech convincing Congress to join using what you have learned from WWII and create a propaganda poster to support your speech
bull Due the Day we return from Christmas Break-Will replace a quiz grade with a 100 if done well
EUROPEAN SUCCESS
Distrustful Allies
bull Stalin Churchill and FDR distrust each other ndash Stalin fearful Churchill
and FDR deliberately delaying the beginning of Western Front war to weaken Communism
ndash Roosevelt leery Churchill will want to expand British Imperial power
The Side Effects of Total War
bull Allies began Total War (meaning) ndash Men drafted to war ndash Propaganda
bull Posters news broadcasts everything showed the evils of Japanese and Germans Rosie the Riveter pics urged women into factories
ndash Effects ndash Women urged to do their part by
kicking off their dresses and working in factories building war materials
ndash Rationing of food and war materials ndash 1942 Japanese Americans lost their jobs
property and rights by being interned in camps because of fear they were loyal to Japan
bull Began attack in Northern Africa ndash Forced surrender of
Axis army in Northern Africa in May 1943
ndash Staging ground for invasion of Italy
bull Invaded Italy in July 1943
bull Defeated Mussolini by August 1943 ndash Mussolini overthrown
bull Germany weakened by having to fight Allies in Italy to save Mussolini
Northern Africa to Italy
Aug 1942 Battle of Stalingrad
bull 1942 Hitler still stalled outside Leningrad switch to oil rich Stalingrad in the South ndash Germans surrounded
city ndash Soviets from North
surrounded Germans ndash Fought street by street
house by house bull Early 1943 Germans
surrendered and were pushed out of USSR by Aug 1944
D-Day
bull 1944 US General Eisenhower prepared to open second European Front ndash Bombed German factories
cities and aircraft to weaken army
bull June 6 1944 Paratroopers dropped into France at dawn soldiers stormed the beaches of Normandy France others entered through Italy French resisted from inside Paris
bull All of France free by September 1944
Hitler‟s Last Stand
bull Battle of the Bulge Dec 1944- Battle in Ardennes Mts Of Belgium ndash Offensive by Germans to
split the Allied army in half ndash Initially successful but
Allies prevailed pushing into Germany bull April 1945 Americans meet
Soviets at Elbe River bull Mussolini assassinated Hitler
committed suicide and European conflict officially over on VE Day May 8 1945 (Victory in Europe)
WAR IN THE PACIFIC
Bataan Death March
bull May 1942 Japan takes
control of US Phillipines ndash Forced 75000 American
soldiers and Filipino
civilians on a 68 mile
march to remove the
enemy forces from areas
around their next area of
attack bull Starved beaten tortured
murdered
Island Hopping Campaign bull General McArthur
successful at The Battle of Midway in June 1942 ndash Began hopping from
Island to Island retaking Japanese controlled lands
bull British fighting in Burma and Malaya staged from which colony ndash McArthur had vowed to
return to help Philippines Oct 1944 kept promise
Gloom in the Pacific
bull 1945 war in Europe over
all resources into Pacific
but Japan still strong and ndash Japanese began Kamikaze
missions (which are)
ndash Japanese fought to the
death rather than surrender
at Iwo Jima and Okinawa
bull Success seemed far way
The Allies Choice
bull Planned an invasion of Japan but fearful of Allied casualties
bull July 1945 International group of scientists completed the Manhattan Project successfully testing an atomic bomb in what State
bull President Harry Truman (what happened to FDR) gives Emperor Hirohito an ultimatum surrender or face ldquoutter and complete destructionrdquo-Japan ignores
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
bull August 6 1945-Atomic bomb instantly kills 70000 Japanese citizens Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 8 1945-Soviets declare war and invade Manchuria Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 9 1945-US bomb Nagasaki- atomic bomb instantly kills 40000 Japanese
bull August 10th Hirohito forces Japanese military to surrender officially ending the war in September
Atomic Bomb Debate
bull Should the US have dropped the bombs
Why or Why not ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against the use
of atomic bombs to end WWII
ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against keeping
or destroying all atomic bombs now
Effects of the War
bull Mass Casualties ndash 75 million people total
bull 22 million in the Soviet Union alone (most)
bull Nuremberg Trials ndash Axis powers tried for
Crimes against humanity bull 142 Germans and
Austrians (many Nazi leaders) tried and sentenced to death for their associations with the Holocaust
bull Similar trials in Japan for what actions
ndash Served to show military could be held responsible for their actions exposed the horrors of fascists and dictators hoping to secure a place for democracy
Holocaust Facts
bull 6 million Jews 4 million more gypsies Slavic peoples homosexuals or physically handicapped systematically killed
bull Millions more enslaved in work camps used for medical experiments
bull Jews and others fought back ndash Destroyed gas
chambers ndash Hid Jewish people ndash Denmark and Bulgaria
managed to save almost their entire Jewish population
Denmark‟s Jews
bull Niels Bohr (Danish physicist contracted to work on The Manhattan Project in US) snuck out of Denmark to Neutral Sweden for safe passage to US when arrived in Sweden refused to leave to the US until they agreed to offer asylum to all the Danish Jews All Jews were quietly snuck out of Denmark with the help of the failing Danish government and ordinary citizens who had been hiding them during the German occupation
United Nations
bull April 1945 50 nations created the UN Charter in San Francisco
bull 5 permanent members of the Security Council US Britain France Soviet Union (now Russia) and China ndash Can veto the decisions of the others-all must agree in order
to take action often a weakness for the organization bull Dedicated to keeping World Peace through international
peace keeping missions ndash Work towards strengthening education preventing disease
poverty and hunger bull Relies upon local governments for coordination-often
leading to inefficiencies when the governments are the ones creating the problems
Extra Credit Assignment
bull Pretend you are President Harry Truman trying to convince the US Congress to allow the US the join the United Nations since they wanted to stay out of the League of Nations years previously Write a 12 sentence speech convincing Congress to join using what you have learned from WWII and create a propaganda poster to support your speech
bull Due the Day we return from Christmas Break-Will replace a quiz grade with a 100 if done well
Distrustful Allies
bull Stalin Churchill and FDR distrust each other ndash Stalin fearful Churchill
and FDR deliberately delaying the beginning of Western Front war to weaken Communism
ndash Roosevelt leery Churchill will want to expand British Imperial power
The Side Effects of Total War
bull Allies began Total War (meaning) ndash Men drafted to war ndash Propaganda
bull Posters news broadcasts everything showed the evils of Japanese and Germans Rosie the Riveter pics urged women into factories
ndash Effects ndash Women urged to do their part by
kicking off their dresses and working in factories building war materials
ndash Rationing of food and war materials ndash 1942 Japanese Americans lost their jobs
property and rights by being interned in camps because of fear they were loyal to Japan
bull Began attack in Northern Africa ndash Forced surrender of
Axis army in Northern Africa in May 1943
ndash Staging ground for invasion of Italy
bull Invaded Italy in July 1943
bull Defeated Mussolini by August 1943 ndash Mussolini overthrown
bull Germany weakened by having to fight Allies in Italy to save Mussolini
Northern Africa to Italy
Aug 1942 Battle of Stalingrad
bull 1942 Hitler still stalled outside Leningrad switch to oil rich Stalingrad in the South ndash Germans surrounded
city ndash Soviets from North
surrounded Germans ndash Fought street by street
house by house bull Early 1943 Germans
surrendered and were pushed out of USSR by Aug 1944
D-Day
bull 1944 US General Eisenhower prepared to open second European Front ndash Bombed German factories
cities and aircraft to weaken army
bull June 6 1944 Paratroopers dropped into France at dawn soldiers stormed the beaches of Normandy France others entered through Italy French resisted from inside Paris
bull All of France free by September 1944
Hitler‟s Last Stand
bull Battle of the Bulge Dec 1944- Battle in Ardennes Mts Of Belgium ndash Offensive by Germans to
split the Allied army in half ndash Initially successful but
Allies prevailed pushing into Germany bull April 1945 Americans meet
Soviets at Elbe River bull Mussolini assassinated Hitler
committed suicide and European conflict officially over on VE Day May 8 1945 (Victory in Europe)
WAR IN THE PACIFIC
Bataan Death March
bull May 1942 Japan takes
control of US Phillipines ndash Forced 75000 American
soldiers and Filipino
civilians on a 68 mile
march to remove the
enemy forces from areas
around their next area of
attack bull Starved beaten tortured
murdered
Island Hopping Campaign bull General McArthur
successful at The Battle of Midway in June 1942 ndash Began hopping from
Island to Island retaking Japanese controlled lands
bull British fighting in Burma and Malaya staged from which colony ndash McArthur had vowed to
return to help Philippines Oct 1944 kept promise
Gloom in the Pacific
bull 1945 war in Europe over
all resources into Pacific
but Japan still strong and ndash Japanese began Kamikaze
missions (which are)
ndash Japanese fought to the
death rather than surrender
at Iwo Jima and Okinawa
bull Success seemed far way
The Allies Choice
bull Planned an invasion of Japan but fearful of Allied casualties
bull July 1945 International group of scientists completed the Manhattan Project successfully testing an atomic bomb in what State
bull President Harry Truman (what happened to FDR) gives Emperor Hirohito an ultimatum surrender or face ldquoutter and complete destructionrdquo-Japan ignores
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
bull August 6 1945-Atomic bomb instantly kills 70000 Japanese citizens Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 8 1945-Soviets declare war and invade Manchuria Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 9 1945-US bomb Nagasaki- atomic bomb instantly kills 40000 Japanese
bull August 10th Hirohito forces Japanese military to surrender officially ending the war in September
Atomic Bomb Debate
bull Should the US have dropped the bombs
Why or Why not ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against the use
of atomic bombs to end WWII
ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against keeping
or destroying all atomic bombs now
Effects of the War
bull Mass Casualties ndash 75 million people total
bull 22 million in the Soviet Union alone (most)
bull Nuremberg Trials ndash Axis powers tried for
Crimes against humanity bull 142 Germans and
Austrians (many Nazi leaders) tried and sentenced to death for their associations with the Holocaust
bull Similar trials in Japan for what actions
ndash Served to show military could be held responsible for their actions exposed the horrors of fascists and dictators hoping to secure a place for democracy
Holocaust Facts
bull 6 million Jews 4 million more gypsies Slavic peoples homosexuals or physically handicapped systematically killed
bull Millions more enslaved in work camps used for medical experiments
bull Jews and others fought back ndash Destroyed gas
chambers ndash Hid Jewish people ndash Denmark and Bulgaria
managed to save almost their entire Jewish population
Denmark‟s Jews
bull Niels Bohr (Danish physicist contracted to work on The Manhattan Project in US) snuck out of Denmark to Neutral Sweden for safe passage to US when arrived in Sweden refused to leave to the US until they agreed to offer asylum to all the Danish Jews All Jews were quietly snuck out of Denmark with the help of the failing Danish government and ordinary citizens who had been hiding them during the German occupation
United Nations
bull April 1945 50 nations created the UN Charter in San Francisco
bull 5 permanent members of the Security Council US Britain France Soviet Union (now Russia) and China ndash Can veto the decisions of the others-all must agree in order
to take action often a weakness for the organization bull Dedicated to keeping World Peace through international
peace keeping missions ndash Work towards strengthening education preventing disease
poverty and hunger bull Relies upon local governments for coordination-often
leading to inefficiencies when the governments are the ones creating the problems
Extra Credit Assignment
bull Pretend you are President Harry Truman trying to convince the US Congress to allow the US the join the United Nations since they wanted to stay out of the League of Nations years previously Write a 12 sentence speech convincing Congress to join using what you have learned from WWII and create a propaganda poster to support your speech
bull Due the Day we return from Christmas Break-Will replace a quiz grade with a 100 if done well
The Side Effects of Total War
bull Allies began Total War (meaning) ndash Men drafted to war ndash Propaganda
bull Posters news broadcasts everything showed the evils of Japanese and Germans Rosie the Riveter pics urged women into factories
ndash Effects ndash Women urged to do their part by
kicking off their dresses and working in factories building war materials
ndash Rationing of food and war materials ndash 1942 Japanese Americans lost their jobs
property and rights by being interned in camps because of fear they were loyal to Japan
bull Began attack in Northern Africa ndash Forced surrender of
Axis army in Northern Africa in May 1943
ndash Staging ground for invasion of Italy
bull Invaded Italy in July 1943
bull Defeated Mussolini by August 1943 ndash Mussolini overthrown
bull Germany weakened by having to fight Allies in Italy to save Mussolini
Northern Africa to Italy
Aug 1942 Battle of Stalingrad
bull 1942 Hitler still stalled outside Leningrad switch to oil rich Stalingrad in the South ndash Germans surrounded
city ndash Soviets from North
surrounded Germans ndash Fought street by street
house by house bull Early 1943 Germans
surrendered and were pushed out of USSR by Aug 1944
D-Day
bull 1944 US General Eisenhower prepared to open second European Front ndash Bombed German factories
cities and aircraft to weaken army
bull June 6 1944 Paratroopers dropped into France at dawn soldiers stormed the beaches of Normandy France others entered through Italy French resisted from inside Paris
bull All of France free by September 1944
Hitler‟s Last Stand
bull Battle of the Bulge Dec 1944- Battle in Ardennes Mts Of Belgium ndash Offensive by Germans to
split the Allied army in half ndash Initially successful but
Allies prevailed pushing into Germany bull April 1945 Americans meet
Soviets at Elbe River bull Mussolini assassinated Hitler
committed suicide and European conflict officially over on VE Day May 8 1945 (Victory in Europe)
WAR IN THE PACIFIC
Bataan Death March
bull May 1942 Japan takes
control of US Phillipines ndash Forced 75000 American
soldiers and Filipino
civilians on a 68 mile
march to remove the
enemy forces from areas
around their next area of
attack bull Starved beaten tortured
murdered
Island Hopping Campaign bull General McArthur
successful at The Battle of Midway in June 1942 ndash Began hopping from
Island to Island retaking Japanese controlled lands
bull British fighting in Burma and Malaya staged from which colony ndash McArthur had vowed to
return to help Philippines Oct 1944 kept promise
Gloom in the Pacific
bull 1945 war in Europe over
all resources into Pacific
but Japan still strong and ndash Japanese began Kamikaze
missions (which are)
ndash Japanese fought to the
death rather than surrender
at Iwo Jima and Okinawa
bull Success seemed far way
The Allies Choice
bull Planned an invasion of Japan but fearful of Allied casualties
bull July 1945 International group of scientists completed the Manhattan Project successfully testing an atomic bomb in what State
bull President Harry Truman (what happened to FDR) gives Emperor Hirohito an ultimatum surrender or face ldquoutter and complete destructionrdquo-Japan ignores
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
bull August 6 1945-Atomic bomb instantly kills 70000 Japanese citizens Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 8 1945-Soviets declare war and invade Manchuria Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 9 1945-US bomb Nagasaki- atomic bomb instantly kills 40000 Japanese
bull August 10th Hirohito forces Japanese military to surrender officially ending the war in September
Atomic Bomb Debate
bull Should the US have dropped the bombs
Why or Why not ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against the use
of atomic bombs to end WWII
ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against keeping
or destroying all atomic bombs now
Effects of the War
bull Mass Casualties ndash 75 million people total
bull 22 million in the Soviet Union alone (most)
bull Nuremberg Trials ndash Axis powers tried for
Crimes against humanity bull 142 Germans and
Austrians (many Nazi leaders) tried and sentenced to death for their associations with the Holocaust
bull Similar trials in Japan for what actions
ndash Served to show military could be held responsible for their actions exposed the horrors of fascists and dictators hoping to secure a place for democracy
Holocaust Facts
bull 6 million Jews 4 million more gypsies Slavic peoples homosexuals or physically handicapped systematically killed
bull Millions more enslaved in work camps used for medical experiments
bull Jews and others fought back ndash Destroyed gas
chambers ndash Hid Jewish people ndash Denmark and Bulgaria
managed to save almost their entire Jewish population
Denmark‟s Jews
bull Niels Bohr (Danish physicist contracted to work on The Manhattan Project in US) snuck out of Denmark to Neutral Sweden for safe passage to US when arrived in Sweden refused to leave to the US until they agreed to offer asylum to all the Danish Jews All Jews were quietly snuck out of Denmark with the help of the failing Danish government and ordinary citizens who had been hiding them during the German occupation
United Nations
bull April 1945 50 nations created the UN Charter in San Francisco
bull 5 permanent members of the Security Council US Britain France Soviet Union (now Russia) and China ndash Can veto the decisions of the others-all must agree in order
to take action often a weakness for the organization bull Dedicated to keeping World Peace through international
peace keeping missions ndash Work towards strengthening education preventing disease
poverty and hunger bull Relies upon local governments for coordination-often
leading to inefficiencies when the governments are the ones creating the problems
Extra Credit Assignment
bull Pretend you are President Harry Truman trying to convince the US Congress to allow the US the join the United Nations since they wanted to stay out of the League of Nations years previously Write a 12 sentence speech convincing Congress to join using what you have learned from WWII and create a propaganda poster to support your speech
bull Due the Day we return from Christmas Break-Will replace a quiz grade with a 100 if done well
bull Began attack in Northern Africa ndash Forced surrender of
Axis army in Northern Africa in May 1943
ndash Staging ground for invasion of Italy
bull Invaded Italy in July 1943
bull Defeated Mussolini by August 1943 ndash Mussolini overthrown
bull Germany weakened by having to fight Allies in Italy to save Mussolini
Northern Africa to Italy
Aug 1942 Battle of Stalingrad
bull 1942 Hitler still stalled outside Leningrad switch to oil rich Stalingrad in the South ndash Germans surrounded
city ndash Soviets from North
surrounded Germans ndash Fought street by street
house by house bull Early 1943 Germans
surrendered and were pushed out of USSR by Aug 1944
D-Day
bull 1944 US General Eisenhower prepared to open second European Front ndash Bombed German factories
cities and aircraft to weaken army
bull June 6 1944 Paratroopers dropped into France at dawn soldiers stormed the beaches of Normandy France others entered through Italy French resisted from inside Paris
bull All of France free by September 1944
Hitler‟s Last Stand
bull Battle of the Bulge Dec 1944- Battle in Ardennes Mts Of Belgium ndash Offensive by Germans to
split the Allied army in half ndash Initially successful but
Allies prevailed pushing into Germany bull April 1945 Americans meet
Soviets at Elbe River bull Mussolini assassinated Hitler
committed suicide and European conflict officially over on VE Day May 8 1945 (Victory in Europe)
WAR IN THE PACIFIC
Bataan Death March
bull May 1942 Japan takes
control of US Phillipines ndash Forced 75000 American
soldiers and Filipino
civilians on a 68 mile
march to remove the
enemy forces from areas
around their next area of
attack bull Starved beaten tortured
murdered
Island Hopping Campaign bull General McArthur
successful at The Battle of Midway in June 1942 ndash Began hopping from
Island to Island retaking Japanese controlled lands
bull British fighting in Burma and Malaya staged from which colony ndash McArthur had vowed to
return to help Philippines Oct 1944 kept promise
Gloom in the Pacific
bull 1945 war in Europe over
all resources into Pacific
but Japan still strong and ndash Japanese began Kamikaze
missions (which are)
ndash Japanese fought to the
death rather than surrender
at Iwo Jima and Okinawa
bull Success seemed far way
The Allies Choice
bull Planned an invasion of Japan but fearful of Allied casualties
bull July 1945 International group of scientists completed the Manhattan Project successfully testing an atomic bomb in what State
bull President Harry Truman (what happened to FDR) gives Emperor Hirohito an ultimatum surrender or face ldquoutter and complete destructionrdquo-Japan ignores
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
bull August 6 1945-Atomic bomb instantly kills 70000 Japanese citizens Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 8 1945-Soviets declare war and invade Manchuria Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 9 1945-US bomb Nagasaki- atomic bomb instantly kills 40000 Japanese
bull August 10th Hirohito forces Japanese military to surrender officially ending the war in September
Atomic Bomb Debate
bull Should the US have dropped the bombs
Why or Why not ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against the use
of atomic bombs to end WWII
ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against keeping
or destroying all atomic bombs now
Effects of the War
bull Mass Casualties ndash 75 million people total
bull 22 million in the Soviet Union alone (most)
bull Nuremberg Trials ndash Axis powers tried for
Crimes against humanity bull 142 Germans and
Austrians (many Nazi leaders) tried and sentenced to death for their associations with the Holocaust
bull Similar trials in Japan for what actions
ndash Served to show military could be held responsible for their actions exposed the horrors of fascists and dictators hoping to secure a place for democracy
Holocaust Facts
bull 6 million Jews 4 million more gypsies Slavic peoples homosexuals or physically handicapped systematically killed
bull Millions more enslaved in work camps used for medical experiments
bull Jews and others fought back ndash Destroyed gas
chambers ndash Hid Jewish people ndash Denmark and Bulgaria
managed to save almost their entire Jewish population
Denmark‟s Jews
bull Niels Bohr (Danish physicist contracted to work on The Manhattan Project in US) snuck out of Denmark to Neutral Sweden for safe passage to US when arrived in Sweden refused to leave to the US until they agreed to offer asylum to all the Danish Jews All Jews were quietly snuck out of Denmark with the help of the failing Danish government and ordinary citizens who had been hiding them during the German occupation
United Nations
bull April 1945 50 nations created the UN Charter in San Francisco
bull 5 permanent members of the Security Council US Britain France Soviet Union (now Russia) and China ndash Can veto the decisions of the others-all must agree in order
to take action often a weakness for the organization bull Dedicated to keeping World Peace through international
peace keeping missions ndash Work towards strengthening education preventing disease
poverty and hunger bull Relies upon local governments for coordination-often
leading to inefficiencies when the governments are the ones creating the problems
Extra Credit Assignment
bull Pretend you are President Harry Truman trying to convince the US Congress to allow the US the join the United Nations since they wanted to stay out of the League of Nations years previously Write a 12 sentence speech convincing Congress to join using what you have learned from WWII and create a propaganda poster to support your speech
bull Due the Day we return from Christmas Break-Will replace a quiz grade with a 100 if done well
Aug 1942 Battle of Stalingrad
bull 1942 Hitler still stalled outside Leningrad switch to oil rich Stalingrad in the South ndash Germans surrounded
city ndash Soviets from North
surrounded Germans ndash Fought street by street
house by house bull Early 1943 Germans
surrendered and were pushed out of USSR by Aug 1944
D-Day
bull 1944 US General Eisenhower prepared to open second European Front ndash Bombed German factories
cities and aircraft to weaken army
bull June 6 1944 Paratroopers dropped into France at dawn soldiers stormed the beaches of Normandy France others entered through Italy French resisted from inside Paris
bull All of France free by September 1944
Hitler‟s Last Stand
bull Battle of the Bulge Dec 1944- Battle in Ardennes Mts Of Belgium ndash Offensive by Germans to
split the Allied army in half ndash Initially successful but
Allies prevailed pushing into Germany bull April 1945 Americans meet
Soviets at Elbe River bull Mussolini assassinated Hitler
committed suicide and European conflict officially over on VE Day May 8 1945 (Victory in Europe)
WAR IN THE PACIFIC
Bataan Death March
bull May 1942 Japan takes
control of US Phillipines ndash Forced 75000 American
soldiers and Filipino
civilians on a 68 mile
march to remove the
enemy forces from areas
around their next area of
attack bull Starved beaten tortured
murdered
Island Hopping Campaign bull General McArthur
successful at The Battle of Midway in June 1942 ndash Began hopping from
Island to Island retaking Japanese controlled lands
bull British fighting in Burma and Malaya staged from which colony ndash McArthur had vowed to
return to help Philippines Oct 1944 kept promise
Gloom in the Pacific
bull 1945 war in Europe over
all resources into Pacific
but Japan still strong and ndash Japanese began Kamikaze
missions (which are)
ndash Japanese fought to the
death rather than surrender
at Iwo Jima and Okinawa
bull Success seemed far way
The Allies Choice
bull Planned an invasion of Japan but fearful of Allied casualties
bull July 1945 International group of scientists completed the Manhattan Project successfully testing an atomic bomb in what State
bull President Harry Truman (what happened to FDR) gives Emperor Hirohito an ultimatum surrender or face ldquoutter and complete destructionrdquo-Japan ignores
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
bull August 6 1945-Atomic bomb instantly kills 70000 Japanese citizens Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 8 1945-Soviets declare war and invade Manchuria Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 9 1945-US bomb Nagasaki- atomic bomb instantly kills 40000 Japanese
bull August 10th Hirohito forces Japanese military to surrender officially ending the war in September
Atomic Bomb Debate
bull Should the US have dropped the bombs
Why or Why not ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against the use
of atomic bombs to end WWII
ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against keeping
or destroying all atomic bombs now
Effects of the War
bull Mass Casualties ndash 75 million people total
bull 22 million in the Soviet Union alone (most)
bull Nuremberg Trials ndash Axis powers tried for
Crimes against humanity bull 142 Germans and
Austrians (many Nazi leaders) tried and sentenced to death for their associations with the Holocaust
bull Similar trials in Japan for what actions
ndash Served to show military could be held responsible for their actions exposed the horrors of fascists and dictators hoping to secure a place for democracy
Holocaust Facts
bull 6 million Jews 4 million more gypsies Slavic peoples homosexuals or physically handicapped systematically killed
bull Millions more enslaved in work camps used for medical experiments
bull Jews and others fought back ndash Destroyed gas
chambers ndash Hid Jewish people ndash Denmark and Bulgaria
managed to save almost their entire Jewish population
Denmark‟s Jews
bull Niels Bohr (Danish physicist contracted to work on The Manhattan Project in US) snuck out of Denmark to Neutral Sweden for safe passage to US when arrived in Sweden refused to leave to the US until they agreed to offer asylum to all the Danish Jews All Jews were quietly snuck out of Denmark with the help of the failing Danish government and ordinary citizens who had been hiding them during the German occupation
United Nations
bull April 1945 50 nations created the UN Charter in San Francisco
bull 5 permanent members of the Security Council US Britain France Soviet Union (now Russia) and China ndash Can veto the decisions of the others-all must agree in order
to take action often a weakness for the organization bull Dedicated to keeping World Peace through international
peace keeping missions ndash Work towards strengthening education preventing disease
poverty and hunger bull Relies upon local governments for coordination-often
leading to inefficiencies when the governments are the ones creating the problems
Extra Credit Assignment
bull Pretend you are President Harry Truman trying to convince the US Congress to allow the US the join the United Nations since they wanted to stay out of the League of Nations years previously Write a 12 sentence speech convincing Congress to join using what you have learned from WWII and create a propaganda poster to support your speech
bull Due the Day we return from Christmas Break-Will replace a quiz grade with a 100 if done well
D-Day
bull 1944 US General Eisenhower prepared to open second European Front ndash Bombed German factories
cities and aircraft to weaken army
bull June 6 1944 Paratroopers dropped into France at dawn soldiers stormed the beaches of Normandy France others entered through Italy French resisted from inside Paris
bull All of France free by September 1944
Hitler‟s Last Stand
bull Battle of the Bulge Dec 1944- Battle in Ardennes Mts Of Belgium ndash Offensive by Germans to
split the Allied army in half ndash Initially successful but
Allies prevailed pushing into Germany bull April 1945 Americans meet
Soviets at Elbe River bull Mussolini assassinated Hitler
committed suicide and European conflict officially over on VE Day May 8 1945 (Victory in Europe)
WAR IN THE PACIFIC
Bataan Death March
bull May 1942 Japan takes
control of US Phillipines ndash Forced 75000 American
soldiers and Filipino
civilians on a 68 mile
march to remove the
enemy forces from areas
around their next area of
attack bull Starved beaten tortured
murdered
Island Hopping Campaign bull General McArthur
successful at The Battle of Midway in June 1942 ndash Began hopping from
Island to Island retaking Japanese controlled lands
bull British fighting in Burma and Malaya staged from which colony ndash McArthur had vowed to
return to help Philippines Oct 1944 kept promise
Gloom in the Pacific
bull 1945 war in Europe over
all resources into Pacific
but Japan still strong and ndash Japanese began Kamikaze
missions (which are)
ndash Japanese fought to the
death rather than surrender
at Iwo Jima and Okinawa
bull Success seemed far way
The Allies Choice
bull Planned an invasion of Japan but fearful of Allied casualties
bull July 1945 International group of scientists completed the Manhattan Project successfully testing an atomic bomb in what State
bull President Harry Truman (what happened to FDR) gives Emperor Hirohito an ultimatum surrender or face ldquoutter and complete destructionrdquo-Japan ignores
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
bull August 6 1945-Atomic bomb instantly kills 70000 Japanese citizens Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 8 1945-Soviets declare war and invade Manchuria Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 9 1945-US bomb Nagasaki- atomic bomb instantly kills 40000 Japanese
bull August 10th Hirohito forces Japanese military to surrender officially ending the war in September
Atomic Bomb Debate
bull Should the US have dropped the bombs
Why or Why not ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against the use
of atomic bombs to end WWII
ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against keeping
or destroying all atomic bombs now
Effects of the War
bull Mass Casualties ndash 75 million people total
bull 22 million in the Soviet Union alone (most)
bull Nuremberg Trials ndash Axis powers tried for
Crimes against humanity bull 142 Germans and
Austrians (many Nazi leaders) tried and sentenced to death for their associations with the Holocaust
bull Similar trials in Japan for what actions
ndash Served to show military could be held responsible for their actions exposed the horrors of fascists and dictators hoping to secure a place for democracy
Holocaust Facts
bull 6 million Jews 4 million more gypsies Slavic peoples homosexuals or physically handicapped systematically killed
bull Millions more enslaved in work camps used for medical experiments
bull Jews and others fought back ndash Destroyed gas
chambers ndash Hid Jewish people ndash Denmark and Bulgaria
managed to save almost their entire Jewish population
Denmark‟s Jews
bull Niels Bohr (Danish physicist contracted to work on The Manhattan Project in US) snuck out of Denmark to Neutral Sweden for safe passage to US when arrived in Sweden refused to leave to the US until they agreed to offer asylum to all the Danish Jews All Jews were quietly snuck out of Denmark with the help of the failing Danish government and ordinary citizens who had been hiding them during the German occupation
United Nations
bull April 1945 50 nations created the UN Charter in San Francisco
bull 5 permanent members of the Security Council US Britain France Soviet Union (now Russia) and China ndash Can veto the decisions of the others-all must agree in order
to take action often a weakness for the organization bull Dedicated to keeping World Peace through international
peace keeping missions ndash Work towards strengthening education preventing disease
poverty and hunger bull Relies upon local governments for coordination-often
leading to inefficiencies when the governments are the ones creating the problems
Extra Credit Assignment
bull Pretend you are President Harry Truman trying to convince the US Congress to allow the US the join the United Nations since they wanted to stay out of the League of Nations years previously Write a 12 sentence speech convincing Congress to join using what you have learned from WWII and create a propaganda poster to support your speech
bull Due the Day we return from Christmas Break-Will replace a quiz grade with a 100 if done well
Hitler‟s Last Stand
bull Battle of the Bulge Dec 1944- Battle in Ardennes Mts Of Belgium ndash Offensive by Germans to
split the Allied army in half ndash Initially successful but
Allies prevailed pushing into Germany bull April 1945 Americans meet
Soviets at Elbe River bull Mussolini assassinated Hitler
committed suicide and European conflict officially over on VE Day May 8 1945 (Victory in Europe)
WAR IN THE PACIFIC
Bataan Death March
bull May 1942 Japan takes
control of US Phillipines ndash Forced 75000 American
soldiers and Filipino
civilians on a 68 mile
march to remove the
enemy forces from areas
around their next area of
attack bull Starved beaten tortured
murdered
Island Hopping Campaign bull General McArthur
successful at The Battle of Midway in June 1942 ndash Began hopping from
Island to Island retaking Japanese controlled lands
bull British fighting in Burma and Malaya staged from which colony ndash McArthur had vowed to
return to help Philippines Oct 1944 kept promise
Gloom in the Pacific
bull 1945 war in Europe over
all resources into Pacific
but Japan still strong and ndash Japanese began Kamikaze
missions (which are)
ndash Japanese fought to the
death rather than surrender
at Iwo Jima and Okinawa
bull Success seemed far way
The Allies Choice
bull Planned an invasion of Japan but fearful of Allied casualties
bull July 1945 International group of scientists completed the Manhattan Project successfully testing an atomic bomb in what State
bull President Harry Truman (what happened to FDR) gives Emperor Hirohito an ultimatum surrender or face ldquoutter and complete destructionrdquo-Japan ignores
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
bull August 6 1945-Atomic bomb instantly kills 70000 Japanese citizens Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 8 1945-Soviets declare war and invade Manchuria Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 9 1945-US bomb Nagasaki- atomic bomb instantly kills 40000 Japanese
bull August 10th Hirohito forces Japanese military to surrender officially ending the war in September
Atomic Bomb Debate
bull Should the US have dropped the bombs
Why or Why not ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against the use
of atomic bombs to end WWII
ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against keeping
or destroying all atomic bombs now
Effects of the War
bull Mass Casualties ndash 75 million people total
bull 22 million in the Soviet Union alone (most)
bull Nuremberg Trials ndash Axis powers tried for
Crimes against humanity bull 142 Germans and
Austrians (many Nazi leaders) tried and sentenced to death for their associations with the Holocaust
bull Similar trials in Japan for what actions
ndash Served to show military could be held responsible for their actions exposed the horrors of fascists and dictators hoping to secure a place for democracy
Holocaust Facts
bull 6 million Jews 4 million more gypsies Slavic peoples homosexuals or physically handicapped systematically killed
bull Millions more enslaved in work camps used for medical experiments
bull Jews and others fought back ndash Destroyed gas
chambers ndash Hid Jewish people ndash Denmark and Bulgaria
managed to save almost their entire Jewish population
Denmark‟s Jews
bull Niels Bohr (Danish physicist contracted to work on The Manhattan Project in US) snuck out of Denmark to Neutral Sweden for safe passage to US when arrived in Sweden refused to leave to the US until they agreed to offer asylum to all the Danish Jews All Jews were quietly snuck out of Denmark with the help of the failing Danish government and ordinary citizens who had been hiding them during the German occupation
United Nations
bull April 1945 50 nations created the UN Charter in San Francisco
bull 5 permanent members of the Security Council US Britain France Soviet Union (now Russia) and China ndash Can veto the decisions of the others-all must agree in order
to take action often a weakness for the organization bull Dedicated to keeping World Peace through international
peace keeping missions ndash Work towards strengthening education preventing disease
poverty and hunger bull Relies upon local governments for coordination-often
leading to inefficiencies when the governments are the ones creating the problems
Extra Credit Assignment
bull Pretend you are President Harry Truman trying to convince the US Congress to allow the US the join the United Nations since they wanted to stay out of the League of Nations years previously Write a 12 sentence speech convincing Congress to join using what you have learned from WWII and create a propaganda poster to support your speech
bull Due the Day we return from Christmas Break-Will replace a quiz grade with a 100 if done well
WAR IN THE PACIFIC
Bataan Death March
bull May 1942 Japan takes
control of US Phillipines ndash Forced 75000 American
soldiers and Filipino
civilians on a 68 mile
march to remove the
enemy forces from areas
around their next area of
attack bull Starved beaten tortured
murdered
Island Hopping Campaign bull General McArthur
successful at The Battle of Midway in June 1942 ndash Began hopping from
Island to Island retaking Japanese controlled lands
bull British fighting in Burma and Malaya staged from which colony ndash McArthur had vowed to
return to help Philippines Oct 1944 kept promise
Gloom in the Pacific
bull 1945 war in Europe over
all resources into Pacific
but Japan still strong and ndash Japanese began Kamikaze
missions (which are)
ndash Japanese fought to the
death rather than surrender
at Iwo Jima and Okinawa
bull Success seemed far way
The Allies Choice
bull Planned an invasion of Japan but fearful of Allied casualties
bull July 1945 International group of scientists completed the Manhattan Project successfully testing an atomic bomb in what State
bull President Harry Truman (what happened to FDR) gives Emperor Hirohito an ultimatum surrender or face ldquoutter and complete destructionrdquo-Japan ignores
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
bull August 6 1945-Atomic bomb instantly kills 70000 Japanese citizens Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 8 1945-Soviets declare war and invade Manchuria Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 9 1945-US bomb Nagasaki- atomic bomb instantly kills 40000 Japanese
bull August 10th Hirohito forces Japanese military to surrender officially ending the war in September
Atomic Bomb Debate
bull Should the US have dropped the bombs
Why or Why not ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against the use
of atomic bombs to end WWII
ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against keeping
or destroying all atomic bombs now
Effects of the War
bull Mass Casualties ndash 75 million people total
bull 22 million in the Soviet Union alone (most)
bull Nuremberg Trials ndash Axis powers tried for
Crimes against humanity bull 142 Germans and
Austrians (many Nazi leaders) tried and sentenced to death for their associations with the Holocaust
bull Similar trials in Japan for what actions
ndash Served to show military could be held responsible for their actions exposed the horrors of fascists and dictators hoping to secure a place for democracy
Holocaust Facts
bull 6 million Jews 4 million more gypsies Slavic peoples homosexuals or physically handicapped systematically killed
bull Millions more enslaved in work camps used for medical experiments
bull Jews and others fought back ndash Destroyed gas
chambers ndash Hid Jewish people ndash Denmark and Bulgaria
managed to save almost their entire Jewish population
Denmark‟s Jews
bull Niels Bohr (Danish physicist contracted to work on The Manhattan Project in US) snuck out of Denmark to Neutral Sweden for safe passage to US when arrived in Sweden refused to leave to the US until they agreed to offer asylum to all the Danish Jews All Jews were quietly snuck out of Denmark with the help of the failing Danish government and ordinary citizens who had been hiding them during the German occupation
United Nations
bull April 1945 50 nations created the UN Charter in San Francisco
bull 5 permanent members of the Security Council US Britain France Soviet Union (now Russia) and China ndash Can veto the decisions of the others-all must agree in order
to take action often a weakness for the organization bull Dedicated to keeping World Peace through international
peace keeping missions ndash Work towards strengthening education preventing disease
poverty and hunger bull Relies upon local governments for coordination-often
leading to inefficiencies when the governments are the ones creating the problems
Extra Credit Assignment
bull Pretend you are President Harry Truman trying to convince the US Congress to allow the US the join the United Nations since they wanted to stay out of the League of Nations years previously Write a 12 sentence speech convincing Congress to join using what you have learned from WWII and create a propaganda poster to support your speech
bull Due the Day we return from Christmas Break-Will replace a quiz grade with a 100 if done well
Bataan Death March
bull May 1942 Japan takes
control of US Phillipines ndash Forced 75000 American
soldiers and Filipino
civilians on a 68 mile
march to remove the
enemy forces from areas
around their next area of
attack bull Starved beaten tortured
murdered
Island Hopping Campaign bull General McArthur
successful at The Battle of Midway in June 1942 ndash Began hopping from
Island to Island retaking Japanese controlled lands
bull British fighting in Burma and Malaya staged from which colony ndash McArthur had vowed to
return to help Philippines Oct 1944 kept promise
Gloom in the Pacific
bull 1945 war in Europe over
all resources into Pacific
but Japan still strong and ndash Japanese began Kamikaze
missions (which are)
ndash Japanese fought to the
death rather than surrender
at Iwo Jima and Okinawa
bull Success seemed far way
The Allies Choice
bull Planned an invasion of Japan but fearful of Allied casualties
bull July 1945 International group of scientists completed the Manhattan Project successfully testing an atomic bomb in what State
bull President Harry Truman (what happened to FDR) gives Emperor Hirohito an ultimatum surrender or face ldquoutter and complete destructionrdquo-Japan ignores
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
bull August 6 1945-Atomic bomb instantly kills 70000 Japanese citizens Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 8 1945-Soviets declare war and invade Manchuria Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 9 1945-US bomb Nagasaki- atomic bomb instantly kills 40000 Japanese
bull August 10th Hirohito forces Japanese military to surrender officially ending the war in September
Atomic Bomb Debate
bull Should the US have dropped the bombs
Why or Why not ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against the use
of atomic bombs to end WWII
ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against keeping
or destroying all atomic bombs now
Effects of the War
bull Mass Casualties ndash 75 million people total
bull 22 million in the Soviet Union alone (most)
bull Nuremberg Trials ndash Axis powers tried for
Crimes against humanity bull 142 Germans and
Austrians (many Nazi leaders) tried and sentenced to death for their associations with the Holocaust
bull Similar trials in Japan for what actions
ndash Served to show military could be held responsible for their actions exposed the horrors of fascists and dictators hoping to secure a place for democracy
Holocaust Facts
bull 6 million Jews 4 million more gypsies Slavic peoples homosexuals or physically handicapped systematically killed
bull Millions more enslaved in work camps used for medical experiments
bull Jews and others fought back ndash Destroyed gas
chambers ndash Hid Jewish people ndash Denmark and Bulgaria
managed to save almost their entire Jewish population
Denmark‟s Jews
bull Niels Bohr (Danish physicist contracted to work on The Manhattan Project in US) snuck out of Denmark to Neutral Sweden for safe passage to US when arrived in Sweden refused to leave to the US until they agreed to offer asylum to all the Danish Jews All Jews were quietly snuck out of Denmark with the help of the failing Danish government and ordinary citizens who had been hiding them during the German occupation
United Nations
bull April 1945 50 nations created the UN Charter in San Francisco
bull 5 permanent members of the Security Council US Britain France Soviet Union (now Russia) and China ndash Can veto the decisions of the others-all must agree in order
to take action often a weakness for the organization bull Dedicated to keeping World Peace through international
peace keeping missions ndash Work towards strengthening education preventing disease
poverty and hunger bull Relies upon local governments for coordination-often
leading to inefficiencies when the governments are the ones creating the problems
Extra Credit Assignment
bull Pretend you are President Harry Truman trying to convince the US Congress to allow the US the join the United Nations since they wanted to stay out of the League of Nations years previously Write a 12 sentence speech convincing Congress to join using what you have learned from WWII and create a propaganda poster to support your speech
bull Due the Day we return from Christmas Break-Will replace a quiz grade with a 100 if done well
Island Hopping Campaign bull General McArthur
successful at The Battle of Midway in June 1942 ndash Began hopping from
Island to Island retaking Japanese controlled lands
bull British fighting in Burma and Malaya staged from which colony ndash McArthur had vowed to
return to help Philippines Oct 1944 kept promise
Gloom in the Pacific
bull 1945 war in Europe over
all resources into Pacific
but Japan still strong and ndash Japanese began Kamikaze
missions (which are)
ndash Japanese fought to the
death rather than surrender
at Iwo Jima and Okinawa
bull Success seemed far way
The Allies Choice
bull Planned an invasion of Japan but fearful of Allied casualties
bull July 1945 International group of scientists completed the Manhattan Project successfully testing an atomic bomb in what State
bull President Harry Truman (what happened to FDR) gives Emperor Hirohito an ultimatum surrender or face ldquoutter and complete destructionrdquo-Japan ignores
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
bull August 6 1945-Atomic bomb instantly kills 70000 Japanese citizens Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 8 1945-Soviets declare war and invade Manchuria Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 9 1945-US bomb Nagasaki- atomic bomb instantly kills 40000 Japanese
bull August 10th Hirohito forces Japanese military to surrender officially ending the war in September
Atomic Bomb Debate
bull Should the US have dropped the bombs
Why or Why not ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against the use
of atomic bombs to end WWII
ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against keeping
or destroying all atomic bombs now
Effects of the War
bull Mass Casualties ndash 75 million people total
bull 22 million in the Soviet Union alone (most)
bull Nuremberg Trials ndash Axis powers tried for
Crimes against humanity bull 142 Germans and
Austrians (many Nazi leaders) tried and sentenced to death for their associations with the Holocaust
bull Similar trials in Japan for what actions
ndash Served to show military could be held responsible for their actions exposed the horrors of fascists and dictators hoping to secure a place for democracy
Holocaust Facts
bull 6 million Jews 4 million more gypsies Slavic peoples homosexuals or physically handicapped systematically killed
bull Millions more enslaved in work camps used for medical experiments
bull Jews and others fought back ndash Destroyed gas
chambers ndash Hid Jewish people ndash Denmark and Bulgaria
managed to save almost their entire Jewish population
Denmark‟s Jews
bull Niels Bohr (Danish physicist contracted to work on The Manhattan Project in US) snuck out of Denmark to Neutral Sweden for safe passage to US when arrived in Sweden refused to leave to the US until they agreed to offer asylum to all the Danish Jews All Jews were quietly snuck out of Denmark with the help of the failing Danish government and ordinary citizens who had been hiding them during the German occupation
United Nations
bull April 1945 50 nations created the UN Charter in San Francisco
bull 5 permanent members of the Security Council US Britain France Soviet Union (now Russia) and China ndash Can veto the decisions of the others-all must agree in order
to take action often a weakness for the organization bull Dedicated to keeping World Peace through international
peace keeping missions ndash Work towards strengthening education preventing disease
poverty and hunger bull Relies upon local governments for coordination-often
leading to inefficiencies when the governments are the ones creating the problems
Extra Credit Assignment
bull Pretend you are President Harry Truman trying to convince the US Congress to allow the US the join the United Nations since they wanted to stay out of the League of Nations years previously Write a 12 sentence speech convincing Congress to join using what you have learned from WWII and create a propaganda poster to support your speech
bull Due the Day we return from Christmas Break-Will replace a quiz grade with a 100 if done well
Gloom in the Pacific
bull 1945 war in Europe over
all resources into Pacific
but Japan still strong and ndash Japanese began Kamikaze
missions (which are)
ndash Japanese fought to the
death rather than surrender
at Iwo Jima and Okinawa
bull Success seemed far way
The Allies Choice
bull Planned an invasion of Japan but fearful of Allied casualties
bull July 1945 International group of scientists completed the Manhattan Project successfully testing an atomic bomb in what State
bull President Harry Truman (what happened to FDR) gives Emperor Hirohito an ultimatum surrender or face ldquoutter and complete destructionrdquo-Japan ignores
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
bull August 6 1945-Atomic bomb instantly kills 70000 Japanese citizens Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 8 1945-Soviets declare war and invade Manchuria Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 9 1945-US bomb Nagasaki- atomic bomb instantly kills 40000 Japanese
bull August 10th Hirohito forces Japanese military to surrender officially ending the war in September
Atomic Bomb Debate
bull Should the US have dropped the bombs
Why or Why not ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against the use
of atomic bombs to end WWII
ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against keeping
or destroying all atomic bombs now
Effects of the War
bull Mass Casualties ndash 75 million people total
bull 22 million in the Soviet Union alone (most)
bull Nuremberg Trials ndash Axis powers tried for
Crimes against humanity bull 142 Germans and
Austrians (many Nazi leaders) tried and sentenced to death for their associations with the Holocaust
bull Similar trials in Japan for what actions
ndash Served to show military could be held responsible for their actions exposed the horrors of fascists and dictators hoping to secure a place for democracy
Holocaust Facts
bull 6 million Jews 4 million more gypsies Slavic peoples homosexuals or physically handicapped systematically killed
bull Millions more enslaved in work camps used for medical experiments
bull Jews and others fought back ndash Destroyed gas
chambers ndash Hid Jewish people ndash Denmark and Bulgaria
managed to save almost their entire Jewish population
Denmark‟s Jews
bull Niels Bohr (Danish physicist contracted to work on The Manhattan Project in US) snuck out of Denmark to Neutral Sweden for safe passage to US when arrived in Sweden refused to leave to the US until they agreed to offer asylum to all the Danish Jews All Jews were quietly snuck out of Denmark with the help of the failing Danish government and ordinary citizens who had been hiding them during the German occupation
United Nations
bull April 1945 50 nations created the UN Charter in San Francisco
bull 5 permanent members of the Security Council US Britain France Soviet Union (now Russia) and China ndash Can veto the decisions of the others-all must agree in order
to take action often a weakness for the organization bull Dedicated to keeping World Peace through international
peace keeping missions ndash Work towards strengthening education preventing disease
poverty and hunger bull Relies upon local governments for coordination-often
leading to inefficiencies when the governments are the ones creating the problems
Extra Credit Assignment
bull Pretend you are President Harry Truman trying to convince the US Congress to allow the US the join the United Nations since they wanted to stay out of the League of Nations years previously Write a 12 sentence speech convincing Congress to join using what you have learned from WWII and create a propaganda poster to support your speech
bull Due the Day we return from Christmas Break-Will replace a quiz grade with a 100 if done well
The Allies Choice
bull Planned an invasion of Japan but fearful of Allied casualties
bull July 1945 International group of scientists completed the Manhattan Project successfully testing an atomic bomb in what State
bull President Harry Truman (what happened to FDR) gives Emperor Hirohito an ultimatum surrender or face ldquoutter and complete destructionrdquo-Japan ignores
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
bull August 6 1945-Atomic bomb instantly kills 70000 Japanese citizens Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 8 1945-Soviets declare war and invade Manchuria Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 9 1945-US bomb Nagasaki- atomic bomb instantly kills 40000 Japanese
bull August 10th Hirohito forces Japanese military to surrender officially ending the war in September
Atomic Bomb Debate
bull Should the US have dropped the bombs
Why or Why not ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against the use
of atomic bombs to end WWII
ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against keeping
or destroying all atomic bombs now
Effects of the War
bull Mass Casualties ndash 75 million people total
bull 22 million in the Soviet Union alone (most)
bull Nuremberg Trials ndash Axis powers tried for
Crimes against humanity bull 142 Germans and
Austrians (many Nazi leaders) tried and sentenced to death for their associations with the Holocaust
bull Similar trials in Japan for what actions
ndash Served to show military could be held responsible for their actions exposed the horrors of fascists and dictators hoping to secure a place for democracy
Holocaust Facts
bull 6 million Jews 4 million more gypsies Slavic peoples homosexuals or physically handicapped systematically killed
bull Millions more enslaved in work camps used for medical experiments
bull Jews and others fought back ndash Destroyed gas
chambers ndash Hid Jewish people ndash Denmark and Bulgaria
managed to save almost their entire Jewish population
Denmark‟s Jews
bull Niels Bohr (Danish physicist contracted to work on The Manhattan Project in US) snuck out of Denmark to Neutral Sweden for safe passage to US when arrived in Sweden refused to leave to the US until they agreed to offer asylum to all the Danish Jews All Jews were quietly snuck out of Denmark with the help of the failing Danish government and ordinary citizens who had been hiding them during the German occupation
United Nations
bull April 1945 50 nations created the UN Charter in San Francisco
bull 5 permanent members of the Security Council US Britain France Soviet Union (now Russia) and China ndash Can veto the decisions of the others-all must agree in order
to take action often a weakness for the organization bull Dedicated to keeping World Peace through international
peace keeping missions ndash Work towards strengthening education preventing disease
poverty and hunger bull Relies upon local governments for coordination-often
leading to inefficiencies when the governments are the ones creating the problems
Extra Credit Assignment
bull Pretend you are President Harry Truman trying to convince the US Congress to allow the US the join the United Nations since they wanted to stay out of the League of Nations years previously Write a 12 sentence speech convincing Congress to join using what you have learned from WWII and create a propaganda poster to support your speech
bull Due the Day we return from Christmas Break-Will replace a quiz grade with a 100 if done well
Hiroshima and Nagasaki
bull August 6 1945-Atomic bomb instantly kills 70000 Japanese citizens Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 8 1945-Soviets declare war and invade Manchuria Japan refuses to surrender
bull August 9 1945-US bomb Nagasaki- atomic bomb instantly kills 40000 Japanese
bull August 10th Hirohito forces Japanese military to surrender officially ending the war in September
Atomic Bomb Debate
bull Should the US have dropped the bombs
Why or Why not ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against the use
of atomic bombs to end WWII
ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against keeping
or destroying all atomic bombs now
Effects of the War
bull Mass Casualties ndash 75 million people total
bull 22 million in the Soviet Union alone (most)
bull Nuremberg Trials ndash Axis powers tried for
Crimes against humanity bull 142 Germans and
Austrians (many Nazi leaders) tried and sentenced to death for their associations with the Holocaust
bull Similar trials in Japan for what actions
ndash Served to show military could be held responsible for their actions exposed the horrors of fascists and dictators hoping to secure a place for democracy
Holocaust Facts
bull 6 million Jews 4 million more gypsies Slavic peoples homosexuals or physically handicapped systematically killed
bull Millions more enslaved in work camps used for medical experiments
bull Jews and others fought back ndash Destroyed gas
chambers ndash Hid Jewish people ndash Denmark and Bulgaria
managed to save almost their entire Jewish population
Denmark‟s Jews
bull Niels Bohr (Danish physicist contracted to work on The Manhattan Project in US) snuck out of Denmark to Neutral Sweden for safe passage to US when arrived in Sweden refused to leave to the US until they agreed to offer asylum to all the Danish Jews All Jews were quietly snuck out of Denmark with the help of the failing Danish government and ordinary citizens who had been hiding them during the German occupation
United Nations
bull April 1945 50 nations created the UN Charter in San Francisco
bull 5 permanent members of the Security Council US Britain France Soviet Union (now Russia) and China ndash Can veto the decisions of the others-all must agree in order
to take action often a weakness for the organization bull Dedicated to keeping World Peace through international
peace keeping missions ndash Work towards strengthening education preventing disease
poverty and hunger bull Relies upon local governments for coordination-often
leading to inefficiencies when the governments are the ones creating the problems
Extra Credit Assignment
bull Pretend you are President Harry Truman trying to convince the US Congress to allow the US the join the United Nations since they wanted to stay out of the League of Nations years previously Write a 12 sentence speech convincing Congress to join using what you have learned from WWII and create a propaganda poster to support your speech
bull Due the Day we return from Christmas Break-Will replace a quiz grade with a 100 if done well
Atomic Bomb Debate
bull Should the US have dropped the bombs
Why or Why not ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against the use
of atomic bombs to end WWII
ndash Write down 4 arguments for or against keeping
or destroying all atomic bombs now
Effects of the War
bull Mass Casualties ndash 75 million people total
bull 22 million in the Soviet Union alone (most)
bull Nuremberg Trials ndash Axis powers tried for
Crimes against humanity bull 142 Germans and
Austrians (many Nazi leaders) tried and sentenced to death for their associations with the Holocaust
bull Similar trials in Japan for what actions
ndash Served to show military could be held responsible for their actions exposed the horrors of fascists and dictators hoping to secure a place for democracy
Holocaust Facts
bull 6 million Jews 4 million more gypsies Slavic peoples homosexuals or physically handicapped systematically killed
bull Millions more enslaved in work camps used for medical experiments
bull Jews and others fought back ndash Destroyed gas
chambers ndash Hid Jewish people ndash Denmark and Bulgaria
managed to save almost their entire Jewish population
Denmark‟s Jews
bull Niels Bohr (Danish physicist contracted to work on The Manhattan Project in US) snuck out of Denmark to Neutral Sweden for safe passage to US when arrived in Sweden refused to leave to the US until they agreed to offer asylum to all the Danish Jews All Jews were quietly snuck out of Denmark with the help of the failing Danish government and ordinary citizens who had been hiding them during the German occupation
United Nations
bull April 1945 50 nations created the UN Charter in San Francisco
bull 5 permanent members of the Security Council US Britain France Soviet Union (now Russia) and China ndash Can veto the decisions of the others-all must agree in order
to take action often a weakness for the organization bull Dedicated to keeping World Peace through international
peace keeping missions ndash Work towards strengthening education preventing disease
poverty and hunger bull Relies upon local governments for coordination-often
leading to inefficiencies when the governments are the ones creating the problems
Extra Credit Assignment
bull Pretend you are President Harry Truman trying to convince the US Congress to allow the US the join the United Nations since they wanted to stay out of the League of Nations years previously Write a 12 sentence speech convincing Congress to join using what you have learned from WWII and create a propaganda poster to support your speech
bull Due the Day we return from Christmas Break-Will replace a quiz grade with a 100 if done well
Effects of the War
bull Mass Casualties ndash 75 million people total
bull 22 million in the Soviet Union alone (most)
bull Nuremberg Trials ndash Axis powers tried for
Crimes against humanity bull 142 Germans and
Austrians (many Nazi leaders) tried and sentenced to death for their associations with the Holocaust
bull Similar trials in Japan for what actions
ndash Served to show military could be held responsible for their actions exposed the horrors of fascists and dictators hoping to secure a place for democracy
Holocaust Facts
bull 6 million Jews 4 million more gypsies Slavic peoples homosexuals or physically handicapped systematically killed
bull Millions more enslaved in work camps used for medical experiments
bull Jews and others fought back ndash Destroyed gas
chambers ndash Hid Jewish people ndash Denmark and Bulgaria
managed to save almost their entire Jewish population
Denmark‟s Jews
bull Niels Bohr (Danish physicist contracted to work on The Manhattan Project in US) snuck out of Denmark to Neutral Sweden for safe passage to US when arrived in Sweden refused to leave to the US until they agreed to offer asylum to all the Danish Jews All Jews were quietly snuck out of Denmark with the help of the failing Danish government and ordinary citizens who had been hiding them during the German occupation
United Nations
bull April 1945 50 nations created the UN Charter in San Francisco
bull 5 permanent members of the Security Council US Britain France Soviet Union (now Russia) and China ndash Can veto the decisions of the others-all must agree in order
to take action often a weakness for the organization bull Dedicated to keeping World Peace through international
peace keeping missions ndash Work towards strengthening education preventing disease
poverty and hunger bull Relies upon local governments for coordination-often
leading to inefficiencies when the governments are the ones creating the problems
Extra Credit Assignment
bull Pretend you are President Harry Truman trying to convince the US Congress to allow the US the join the United Nations since they wanted to stay out of the League of Nations years previously Write a 12 sentence speech convincing Congress to join using what you have learned from WWII and create a propaganda poster to support your speech
bull Due the Day we return from Christmas Break-Will replace a quiz grade with a 100 if done well
Holocaust Facts
bull 6 million Jews 4 million more gypsies Slavic peoples homosexuals or physically handicapped systematically killed
bull Millions more enslaved in work camps used for medical experiments
bull Jews and others fought back ndash Destroyed gas
chambers ndash Hid Jewish people ndash Denmark and Bulgaria
managed to save almost their entire Jewish population
Denmark‟s Jews
bull Niels Bohr (Danish physicist contracted to work on The Manhattan Project in US) snuck out of Denmark to Neutral Sweden for safe passage to US when arrived in Sweden refused to leave to the US until they agreed to offer asylum to all the Danish Jews All Jews were quietly snuck out of Denmark with the help of the failing Danish government and ordinary citizens who had been hiding them during the German occupation
United Nations
bull April 1945 50 nations created the UN Charter in San Francisco
bull 5 permanent members of the Security Council US Britain France Soviet Union (now Russia) and China ndash Can veto the decisions of the others-all must agree in order
to take action often a weakness for the organization bull Dedicated to keeping World Peace through international
peace keeping missions ndash Work towards strengthening education preventing disease
poverty and hunger bull Relies upon local governments for coordination-often
leading to inefficiencies when the governments are the ones creating the problems
Extra Credit Assignment
bull Pretend you are President Harry Truman trying to convince the US Congress to allow the US the join the United Nations since they wanted to stay out of the League of Nations years previously Write a 12 sentence speech convincing Congress to join using what you have learned from WWII and create a propaganda poster to support your speech
bull Due the Day we return from Christmas Break-Will replace a quiz grade with a 100 if done well
Denmark‟s Jews
bull Niels Bohr (Danish physicist contracted to work on The Manhattan Project in US) snuck out of Denmark to Neutral Sweden for safe passage to US when arrived in Sweden refused to leave to the US until they agreed to offer asylum to all the Danish Jews All Jews were quietly snuck out of Denmark with the help of the failing Danish government and ordinary citizens who had been hiding them during the German occupation
United Nations
bull April 1945 50 nations created the UN Charter in San Francisco
bull 5 permanent members of the Security Council US Britain France Soviet Union (now Russia) and China ndash Can veto the decisions of the others-all must agree in order
to take action often a weakness for the organization bull Dedicated to keeping World Peace through international
peace keeping missions ndash Work towards strengthening education preventing disease
poverty and hunger bull Relies upon local governments for coordination-often
leading to inefficiencies when the governments are the ones creating the problems
Extra Credit Assignment
bull Pretend you are President Harry Truman trying to convince the US Congress to allow the US the join the United Nations since they wanted to stay out of the League of Nations years previously Write a 12 sentence speech convincing Congress to join using what you have learned from WWII and create a propaganda poster to support your speech
bull Due the Day we return from Christmas Break-Will replace a quiz grade with a 100 if done well
United Nations
bull April 1945 50 nations created the UN Charter in San Francisco
bull 5 permanent members of the Security Council US Britain France Soviet Union (now Russia) and China ndash Can veto the decisions of the others-all must agree in order
to take action often a weakness for the organization bull Dedicated to keeping World Peace through international
peace keeping missions ndash Work towards strengthening education preventing disease
poverty and hunger bull Relies upon local governments for coordination-often
leading to inefficiencies when the governments are the ones creating the problems
Extra Credit Assignment
bull Pretend you are President Harry Truman trying to convince the US Congress to allow the US the join the United Nations since they wanted to stay out of the League of Nations years previously Write a 12 sentence speech convincing Congress to join using what you have learned from WWII and create a propaganda poster to support your speech
bull Due the Day we return from Christmas Break-Will replace a quiz grade with a 100 if done well
Extra Credit Assignment
bull Pretend you are President Harry Truman trying to convince the US Congress to allow the US the join the United Nations since they wanted to stay out of the League of Nations years previously Write a 12 sentence speech convincing Congress to join using what you have learned from WWII and create a propaganda poster to support your speech
bull Due the Day we return from Christmas Break-Will replace a quiz grade with a 100 if done well