nhs international health links – what difference can we make? (the lusaka-brighton link)
DESCRIPTION
Dr Melanie Newport, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, [email protected]TRANSCRIPT
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NHS International Health Links – what difference can we make?
Dr Melanie NewportBrighton and Sussex Medical School
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Inequities are killing people on a "grand scale"
Life expectancy and health continue to increase in some parts of the world yet fail to improve in others
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Positive developments:• Millennium development goals set the agenda for change
• Increasing commitment from industrialised societies
• New vaccines, drugs and technologies are increasingly available at reducing cost
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Chen et al 2004 Lancet; 364:1984-1990
Association between worker density and mortality rates
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Chen et al 2004 Lancet; 364:1984-1990
Worker density and service coverage
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Chen et al 2004 Lancet; 364:1984-1990 Child mortality (under 5) per 1000 live births
Den
sity
(wor
kers
per
100
0)
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Challenges
• Global shortage• Skills imbalance• Maldistribution and migration• Poor work environments• Weak knowledge base
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• HIV/AIDS– Increase work loads– Exposure to infection– Weakened morale
• Migration
• Chronic underinvestment in human resources
Specific drivers
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Migration of health care workers
• Health systems in a number of industrialized countries depend heavily on doctors and nurses who have been trained abroad
• one in four doctors and one nurse in 20 trained in Africa are working in developed countries
• 29% of Ghana’s physicians are working abroad• 34% of Zimbabwean nurses are working
abroad
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Global health partnerships: the UK contribution to health in developing
countries (Lord Crisp 2007)
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• The NHS has benefited greatly from the “brain drain” of health workers from poor countries. Health Links are a highly cost-effective way of putting something back.
• “By developing stronger global health partnerships that link individuals and communities – hospitals, nursing schools, primary care facilities and universities, for example – we will be able to use UK expertise and experience in health to help make an even greater difference.”
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How can health workers in the UK contribute?
• Health Links allow reciprocal transfer of knowledge and skills between partner institutions
• Links help improve the basic health services of the poorest countries, building long-term capacity through training and support
Professor Eldryd Parry
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Benefits of links• Clinical education and training
• Build institutional capacity
• Material benefits
• Encourages sustainability
• Support and friendship
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Benefits of links
• Increase in global awareness
• Development of clinical skills
• Personal satisfaction/new perspectives
• Puts NHS challenges in perspective
• Support and friendship
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Population ~ 12 million
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~50% of populationunder 15 years old
GNI $630 per capita
Per capita income ~ $490 p.a.
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>50% unemployment
68% literacy rate
Ranked 165 out of177 countries in theHuman Development Index
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Life expectancy: 41 yearsInfant mortality: 100 per 1000 live birthsUnder 5 mortality 182 per 1000 live births
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HIV prevalence in adults: 16%
48% of under 5’s are stunted
25% are underweight
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Health expenditure per capita: $63 ($6096 in USA)
1 doctor per 18000
1 nurse per 2000
1 pharmacist per 475,000
1 dentist per 800,000
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• To develop opportunities for:– Multi-professional education and training– Exchange of faculty members, research
scholars and students– Joint research activities– Systems and service improvements
Aims of the Lusaka Brighton Link
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• Many partners have become involved in addition to UTH and BSUHT– Medical schools in Brighton and Lusaka and
parent Universities– Non-governmental organisations – Primary Care Trust– BME Network
• A memorandum of understanding has been signed
• Steering Committees exist at both ends to direct activities
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1656 beds 250 cotsFull range of primary, secondary, and tertiary
services
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Accident andEmergency
Paediatrics
Ophthalmology
Oncology
Radiology
Clinical Activities
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Educational activities• Medical education
- external examiners - curriculum development
- Medical student electives
- Mentoring/distance learning modules
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• HIV nurse education programme• Link between Schools of Nursing and
Midwifery in Lusaka and the University of Brighton – clinical mentorship and supervision, critical care curriculum
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HIV Nurse Education Programme
Lashida Mwaba, Evelyn Mwamba, Mary Jalamba and Universe Mulenga, University Teaching Hospital Lusaka
Eileen Nixon, HIV Nurse Consultant BSUHTSian Edwards, Senior Lecturer, SNAM, University of Brighton
Brighton-Lusaka Link
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Background
• HIV Prevalence in Zambia 16% (2007)• 25-35% in Lusaka• 1,482,228 people HIV +ve• 298,398 in need of ARV’s• In 2005 39,351 on ARV’s, now 149,199
(end 2007)
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• Sustainable HIV programme
• Train the ‘trainers’
• Holistic skills development
• Develop nurses’ role
• Motivate nurses so they can make a differenceMercy Mbewe, Director of Nursing
HIV Nurse Education Needs
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HIV Nurse Education Programme
Day 1 Introduction Nursing Contribution to HIV/AIDS
Overview of HIV/AIDS
Day 2 Transmission Nursing Role in Prevention
Nursing patients with opportunistic infections
Day 3 Antiretroviral therapy (ART)
HIV in Pregnancy Monitoring and managing ART
Day 4 Resistance to ART Barriers to Adherence Adherence workshop
Day 5 Stigma and Discrimination Workshop
Day 6 Caring for the carers
Complex case scenarios
Identifying the way forward
Course Evaluation
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I know you are not only interested in what you are doing - a lot of lives will be saved.
Every aspect of the course has been valuable.
I have appreciated the different modes of teaching. It really helped and enhanced my understanding.
The whole course was well presented with a lot of interesting methodologies e.g. role plays
It was very valuable. I have learnt a lot. It will really have an impact on both my nursing practice and teaching.
OVERALL EVALUATION Poor............................................................................Excellent
1 - 0 2 – 0 3 – 0 4 – 0 5 – 5 6 - 22
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Placement of all student nurses in HIV clinic
Involvement of male partners in antenatal care
Fathers also HIV counselled and tested when children sick
Stigma workshops for all nurses
Facilitation of another HIV education course
In pregnancy: syphilis test 36/40 CD4 at 26 weeks
Achieved
Achieved
Sept ‘06 60 men tested May ‘07 282 men tested
Sept 06: NO male partner at ANCMay 07 1:20 male partner at ANC
82 nurses attended workshopsSignificant impact on +ve nurses
Facilitated in May 2007.....
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Delivered by Zambian tutors……
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Progress with HIV Nurse Education Project
• core Zambian trainers trained• >200 Nurses trained in HIV Skills
– 7 courses so far– Matrons/senior nurses and tutors– Sisters and Ward Managers– Enrolled nurses
• Project laptop and printer• Funders (British Council) have attended
workshop
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ZAMBIAN HIV NURSE EDUCATION
CO-ORDINATOR
Oversee Action Plan activities
Roll out HIV education to nurses in surrounding
district clinics
Support nurses with teaching and facilitating
educational courses
research the impact of educational programme
on nursing practice
Nurse exchange programmes between
Brighton and Lusaka
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Funding• THET seedcorn grant• Payroll giving• Fund raising by students and junior doctors• University of Brighton Students’ Union
– Southern African Scholars fund
• Grants for specific projects– NHIVNA– DELPHE (British Council/DFID)– Merck vaccine initiative– Sightsavers/VISION 20:20
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Next steps
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Acknowledgements• Our colleagues in Lusaka and Brighton whose
enthusiasm and support make the link work• Medical students and junior doctors• British Council/DFID• NHIVNA• THET• International HIV/AIDS Alliance• University of Brighton Student Union
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I’m grateful that I was afforded this opportunity to attend this workshop. I have learnt a lot, that HIV and AIDS is a worldwide problem, but it has a solution. Now we’ve seen that we can do something about it and we can improve the quality of health for those who are infected. Especially in my department, there is hope for the babies who are born. Now we know that there are antiretroviral drugs, even in syrup form, for the babies to take and they will be able to enjoy a good life for some time. I’m so happy.