ni usrp and labview - national instruments: test,...
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![Page 1: NI USRP and LabVIEW - National Instruments: Test, Measurement…southafrica.ni.com/sites/default/files/USRP.pdf · · 2012-03-16NI USRP and LabVIEW: ... Measurement •Calibration](https://reader030.vdocument.in/reader030/viewer/2022012310/5aaa2dd67f8b9a81188da81c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
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NI USRP and LabVIEW: A Platform for Software Defined Radio
Prototyping and Exploration
Fanie Coetzer
Application Engineer
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NI-USRP: a Platform for Software
Defined Radio Prototyping and
Exploration
A computer-hosted RF transceiver
for development of software-
defined radio
Hardware and software are easy
to install, connect, and learn
1 Gigabit Ethernet link streams live data for
processing on a host PC running
LabVIEW
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NI RF and Communications Market
Communications Design
Low Cost
Flexible
Portable
Radio
RF Test &
Measurement
• Calibration
• Low Phase Noise
• Precise measurement
• Real-time
• High Bandwidth
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Communications Design Topics
Education
Introductory Communications
Digital Communications
Antenna Theory
Research
Physical layer research (SISO & MIMO)
Cognitive Radio & Dynamic Spectrum Access
RF transmit or receive applications
Defense
Spectral Monitoring
Prototyping Communications Systems
Complete
RF
Prototyping
Solution
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NI USRP
1 Gigabit
Ethernet
Connectivity Plug-and-play
capability
Up to 25 MS/s baseband
IQ streaming
Tunable RF
Transceiver
Front Ends Frequency Range
50 MHz – 2.2 GHz (NI-2920)
2.4 GHz & 5.5 GHz (NI-2921)
Signal Processing
and Synthesis NI LabVIEW to
develop and explore
algorithms
NI Modulation Toolkit
and LabVIEW add-ons
to simulate or process
live signals
Applications FM Radio
TV
GPS
GSM
ZigBee
Safety Radio
OFDM
Passive Radar
Dynamic Spectrum Access
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Digital Communications Bundle
Key Benefits
• Affordable
• Accessible
• NI Supported
• TX & RX Real RF
Signals
• Scales to Research
Target Courses
• Communication Systems
• Digital Communications
Bundle Contents
• Two NI USRP-2920 +
Toolkits
• MIMO Cable
• Digital Comm Lab Manual
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Lab Ready| Packet Radio & OFDM
Communications Systems Labs
by Dr. Sachin Katti, Stanford
1 Source Coding
2 Packet Communication, Sync,
and Channel Correction
3 Modulation
4 Demodulation
5 Design Challenge:
Packet based Transceiver
Digital Communications Labs
by Dr. Robert Heath, UT Austin
1 AWGN Simulator
2.1 Modulation /Demodulation
2.2 Pulse Shaping
3 Energy Detection
4 Equalization
5 Frame Detection
6 Intro to OFDM
7 Frequency Correction &
Sync
8 OFDM Channel Coding
(FREE: ni.com/courseware) (Ships in Bundle)
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Awesome class! I really enjoyed the lectures, where
I learned a lot, and the labs were really cool because
we got to use the hardware.
… I am glad that I took this class!
“
Source: Stanford EE 49: Teaching Evaluations (Spring Quarter 2011)
NI USRP at Stanford University
“ Student Course Feedback:
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Stanford University - Networked Systems
Group Needs:
Exposure to real-world signals
Recruit students to
RF/Communications early
Prepare students for research
Solution:
SDR Platform
Lower learning curve
Maintainable
Affordable
Stanford, CA
“The course evaluations for our class was
fantastic. Students rated the class 4.94/5.0, likely
one of the highest ratings among all classes in the
School of
Engineering at Stanford.” Dr. Sachin Katti, ECE
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NI USRP Under the Hood
RF Transceiver
Software Processing
Baseband IQ
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NI USRP-2920 Hardware Diagram
Analog RF Transceiver Fixed Function
FPGA
PC
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Quadrature Modulation
)2cos( tfA cc
Amplitude Frequency Phase
Angle
(Frequency = Rate of change
of Angle)
Note: I and Q capture magnitude and phase
information
)2sin()()2cos()( tftQtftI cc
I Q
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Quadrature Modulation Example –
AM Radio
Audio Signal
20Hz – 20kHz
AM Radio Signal
Message (Baseband) Frequen
cy
Audio
IQ Mixing
Radi
o
Carrier
Baseband IQ
LabVIEW Software NI USRP Hardware
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NI-USRP Driver Software
Initialize Configur
e Start Read IQ Stop Close
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NI-USRP Driver Software
Initialize Configur
e Start Read IQ Stop Close
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Digital Communication System
Sou
rce
Cod
ing
Ch
an
nel
Cod
ing
Mod
ula
tion
Up
con
ver
sion
Dow
nco
nver
sion
Dem
od
ula
tion
Ch
an
nel
Dec
od
ing
Sou
rce
Dec
od
ing
Communications Channel
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Digital Communication System
NI Modulation Toolkit
NI Modulation Toolkit
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NI Modulation Toolkit
NI Modulation Toolkit
NI USRP
NI USRP
Digital Communication System
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Communications Design in LabVIEW LabVIEW Modulation Toolkit
Analog and Digital modulation formats AM, FM, PM
ASK, FSK, MSK, GMSK, PAM, PSK, QAM
Custom
Visualization 2D and 3D Eye, Trellis, Constellation
Modulation Analysis BER, MER, EVM, burst timing,
frequency deviation, ρ (rho)
Impairments Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN)
DC offset, Quadrature skew, IQ gain imbalance, phase noise
Equalization, Channel Coding, Channel Models
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Decode & Hear Live FM Radio
30 Hz
15 kHz
23 kHz
38 kHz
53 kHz
58.35 kHz
67.65 kHz
76.65 kHz
92 kHz
99 kHz
57 kHz
0
19kHz Stereo Pilot
(10%)
Stereo Audio Left - Right
Direct Band (10%)
RBDS (5%)
Mono Audio
Left + Right
Audos Subcarrier (10%)
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Advanced Digital Communications
Topics
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Packet-based Communication Link System
Setup
RF Signal Center Frequency: 915MHz
Modulation Format: PSK packets
Bit Rate: 400kbps
NI USRP-
2190 Receiver
NI USRP-
2190 Transmitter
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Packet-based Communication Link System
Setup
Gigabit Ethernet Connections to Host Computer
NI USRP-
2190 Receiver
NI USRP-
2190 Transmitter
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Packet-based Communication Link System
Setup
• USRP control (Tx & Rx)
• Modulate Tx signal
• Demodulate Rx signal
• Reconstruct message
NI USRP-
2190 Receiver
NI USRP-
2190 Transmitter
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Packet Based Transceiver
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Transmitter Block Diagram
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Packet Structure
GUAR
D
BAND
SYNC
SEQ
PCKT
NUM PAD DATA
Field Length
[bits]
Description
Guard Band 30 Allow initialization of Rx PLL, filters,
etc
Sync Sequence 20 Frame and Symbol Synchronization
Packet Number 8 Range: 0-255 Used for reordering of
packets and detection of missing packets
Data 64 - 256 Variable length data field. Length
detected dynamically at Rx end
Pad 20 Allows for filter edge effects.
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The Received Signal
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Receiver Block Diagram
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Channel Activity Detection
Problem: Inefficient
to keep demodulator
active for the entire
acquisition frame—it
needs to be applied
only to packets
Solution: Apply a
channel activity
detector to locate
packet boundaries
for a packet slicer
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Error Tolerance
Problem: Errors at SNR >> 1
Partial packets captured at frame
edges
Improper synchronization
Solution: Repetition Coding
Repeat each packet n times
Repeat entire message m times
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Ideas for Extension
Improved Error Tolerance
CRC check, convolutional coding, interleaving, etc…
Bi-directional link with ACK messages
OFDM
Channel Equalization to improve range
SW-based Rx gain control to ensure full use of available dynamic range
Monitor / replicate common links
Bluetooth mouse
Key fob
Additional message choices
Images, video, etc.
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Transmitter: To Queue or not to
Queue? Enqueue
Dequeue
Create
Queue
Transmitter
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To Queue or not to Queue?
Pros
Buffering
Multi-rate
Cons
More Complex to implement
Not easy to read code
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Receiver: Pipelined Shift Register
Architecture
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MathScript RT or Graphical
Implementations
or