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STUDENT EDITION

TUESDAY, AUGUST 11, 2020

WEB EDITION

CLICK HERE: WWW.TOISTUDENT.COM

Faith and Freedom: Gandhi inHistory by Mushirul Hasan

This book of-fers am e t i c u -

lously- researchedaccount of Ma-hatma Gandhi,his historicalbackground, cam-paigns, impact onIndian life, and theguidance he stillcontinues to offer in dealing with thecontemporary problems. Written by oneof India's leading historians, this bookis a must-read for everyone interestedin understanding the political landscapeof modern India.

Lost Addresses: A Memoir of India, 1934-1955 byKrishna Bose

It vividly describes Calcutta, Bengaland India in the 1930s and 1940s andthe early years after Independence.

Krishna's memories of growing up andcoming of age areset in the social, cul-tural and politicalmilieus of the time.She relives how sheexperienced theWorld War II, theQuit India move-ment of 1942, theBengal Famine of1943-44, the Red Forttrials of the IndianNational Army (INA) officers in 1945-46,and the Partition and Independence inDelhi in 1947. Illustrated with old photo-graphs, this memoir is a valuable his-torical record told in flowing literary style.(Krishna Bose was married to Sisir Ku-mar Bose, son of nationalist leader SaratChandra Bose and nephew of Netaji Sub-has Chandra Bose.)

Article 370: Explained for theCommon Man by Sumit DuttMajumder

In August 2019,the state of J&Kwas reconstitut-

ed into two unionterritories, Jammu& Kashmir andLadakh, abrogatingits special status, andintegrating it intothe Indian union.This book seeks to explain the issues sur-rounding Article 370 and 35A of the Con-stitution, making readers informed aboutthis important constitutional, politicaland legal matter. The author writes in asimple and lucid language, making theissues accessible to the common man.

Bridge Across the Rivers:Partition Memories from theTwo Punjabs - edited by JasbirJain & Tripti Jain

T his collection seeks to debate is-sues, and throws light on dis-courses, other than those of vi-

olence and darkness, working with achronology, locatedin time. The narra-tives unfold expec-tation, hope andharmony, violence,psychological fall-outs, gender issues,and questions ofguilt and reflection.

INSPIRED READING IN THE LEAD-UP TO THE

INDEPENDENCE DAY

NIA DACOSTA TO DIRECT'CAPTAIN MARVEL' SEQUEL

FOR MARVEL STUDIOS

The sequel to Brie Larson's, 'Captain Marvel' is movingforward at the Marvel Studios with the hiring of film-maker Nia DaCosta. According to The Hollywood Re-porter, the director will helm the project with a script

by Megan McDonnell, who is currently a writeron the upcoming Disney Plus Marvel series,

'WandaVision'.

DaCosta made apromising debut

with her 2018 fea-ture, 'Little Woods',

starring Tessa Thompson, and iscurrently making waves withher upcoming supernaturalslasher film, 'Candyman' DaCosta will be the firstBlack woman to direct aMarvel Studios film. She isalso the fourth woman,after Boden, Cate Shortland('Black Widow') and ChloeZhao ('Eternals'), to takeon the directing job at the studio

Larson will reprise her superhero character of Carol Danversaka Captain Marvel in the sequel. In ‘Captain Marvel’, CarolDanvers was a human, who became involved inthe war between two alien races— the Kreeand shape-shifting Skrulls. Surviving anexplosion tied to an alien engine imbuedher with incredible power, turning her intoCaptain Marvel, and making her one of themost powerful heroes in the Marvel Universe

'CaptainMarvel 2' will

be released onJuly 8, 2022

MUKESH AMBANI ECLIPSES RICHESTEUROPEAN TO BECOME WORLD’S NO 4

NOW, YOU CAN USE GOOGLE CHROME TOQUICKLY CREATE PDF

Y ou can now easi-ly create a freeAdobe Acrobat

PDF from any MicrosoftOffice or image file sim-ply by typing PDF.newinto Chrome and up-loading the desired file,thanks to a collabora-tion between Googleand Adobe. One canalso type Sign.new intothe browser to create aPDF form that you canfill, sign, save and send.If you have a massivePDF file that you justneed to make manage-able, just type Com-pressPDF.new to reduceits file size for easysending or sharing.

The winners of a chal-lenge envisaged toshowcase India as oneof the leading app

developing countries globally wereannounced in nine categories onFriday that saw short video app,Chingari, news app, Logically, andhealth app, StepSetGo emerge asthe top players in their categories,among others.

In the social category, Chingari emerged as the topwinner, followed by writing app, Your Quote and Koo,which allows people to follow top Indians, and news inIndian languages

In the business category, the top three winners wereZoho Invoice, Books and Expense, Mall 91, andGimBooks — Easy Invoice Manager, respectively.

The e-Learning category also had three winners withDisprz, Kutuki Kids Learning app, and Hello English:Learn English, taking the first, second and third posi-tions, respectively.

In the news category, Logically was followed byIsEqualTo, which offers daily news, quiz and generalknowledge for students.

In the entertainment category, the top three win-ners were CaptionPlus, Meme Chat, and FTC Talent,respectively.

In the games category, the top three winners wereHitwicket Superstars - 3D cricket Strategy Game;ScarFall— The Royale Combat; and World CricketChampionship 2a"WCC2, respectively.

The‘AatmaNirbhar Bharat

App Innovation Challenge’ waslaunched by PM Narendra Modi onJuly 4, which saw participation from6,940 tech entrepreneurs and start-ups across the country.The challenge had entries for ninedifferent categories, namely business,eLearning, entertainment, games,health, news, office and work fromhome, others and social.

Meet the winners of 'AatmaNirbhar' app innovation challenge

CLICKHERE FORMOREBRIEFNEWS

IN

ENTERTAINMENTAmbani is now worth $80.6 billion, after amassing $22billion this year, according to the Bloomberg BillionairesIndex. That gives him a bigger wealth pile than Arnault,whose LVMH Moet Hennessy Louis Vuitton SE has suf-fered from customers curbing high-end fashion pur-chases faster than the company can cut costs. India’s richest person has already surpassed some ofthe biggest tycoons in the recent weeks, including SiliconValley titans, such as Elon Musk and Alphabet Inc co-founders Sergey Brin and Larry Page, as well as theOracle of Omaha, Warren Buffett

'Vaccine nationalism' not goodfor the world: WHO

The World Health Or-ganisation (WHO)has warned against

vaccine nationalism, cau-tioning rich nations thatif they keep treatments tothemselves, they cannotexpect to remain safe, ifpoor countries remain ex-posed. Tedros AdhanomGhebreyesus, the directorgeneral of the WHO said,it would be in the interestof the wealthier nationsto help every country pro-tect itself against the dis-ease.

For the world to recoverfaster, it has to recovertogether, because it's a glob-alised world: the economiesare inter-twined. Part of theworld or a few countries can-not be a safe haven andrecover. Covid-19 could be less when countries, whohave the funding, generously help other countries.Covid-19 pandemic can not be defeated in a dividedworld Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, director general, WHO

Several countries are rac-ing to find a vaccine for thecoronavirus, which haskilled more than 7,00,000people globally

VIEWPOINT

To use it, all you need to do is drag and dropa document and watch it transform into a high-quality, professional-looking PDF, Adobe said ina blog postIf you want to easily create standout social media content with Adobe SparkPost, just type Create.new into the browser, andyou are immediately taken into Spark, whereyou can unleash your creative potentialOne can start designing from thousands oftemplates, and choose from millions of images,icons, and stickers, in addition to your ownlogos, colours and fonts In addition to the newshortcuts, Adobe is launching a plethora of freePDF actions this year — giving everyone accessto 20 free, super simple Acrobat onlinetools in 2020

TECH BUZZ

2021 WOMEN'S CRICKET WORLDCUP IN NZ MOVED TO 2022

The Women’s Cricket WorldCup in February in NewZealand has been postponed

for a year. Also, the men’s Twen-ty20 World Cup in Australia thathad been pushed from October-No-vember this year to the same timein 2021, was delayed by anotheryear to 2022. India, which was tohost the T20 World Cup in 2021, willstage it as planned, with all the 16teams, which qualified for the 2020edition participating in India.

There will be a newqualifying process for the2022 T20 WC, theInternational CricketCouncil said.The Women’s WC will beplayed in Feb-March,2022The qualifyingevent for the remainingthree places will be heldnext year

SPORTS

LET'S DEBATE

The Centre has framed a plan to re-open the schoolsand other educational institutions in a phase-wisemanner between September 1 and November 14. Themodalities of the plan have been discussed by thegroup of secretaries attached to the Group of Min-

isters on Covid-19 management, headed by the Union health min-ister Harsh Vardhan. The decision is likely to be notified as partof the final unlock guidelines to be issued later this month, whichwould guide the states on unlocking the remaining activities after August 31. Sources said the final decision would be left tothe state governments on how and when to bring back studentsto the classrooms.

UNLOCKING SCHOOLS

1 The guidelines, which have been vetted by the ministry of human resource develop-ment and the health ministry, recommend the opening of schools, and running themin a phased manner

2 For the first 15 days, students of classes X to XII, would be asked to attend school.Different sections of a class would get particular days to attend school

3 In a school, if class X has four sections, half the students of sections A and C wouldcome on particular days, and the remaining on the other days

4 The number of school hours would be restricted from 5-6 to 2-3 hours of physicalattendance

4 All schools are likely to run in shifts — 8 am to 11 am and 12 to 3 pm, with a one-hourbreak in between for sanitisation

5 The schools would be advised to run on 33% capacity of teaching staff and students

6 The government is not in favour of calling pre-primary or primary school students toschool, and is likely to continue with the online classes

HOW IT WILL WORK

Broad standard operating procedures (SOPs)would be issued for the schools and educationalinstitutions. This follows a quick survey con-ducted earlier in July by the department ofschool education. Though the survey had indicated that parents are not in favour of sending their children to schools, the state governments have argued before the Centrethat the students of economically-weaker sections are suffering SOURCES INDICATED THAT THE CENTRE WOULD RECOMMEND IT AND STATE GOVERNMENTS MAY TAKE A FINAL DECI-

SION SEEING THE COVID-19 CASELOAD, AND THE POPULAR OPINION OF SCHOOL MANAGEMENTS AND PARENTS

NOT 'PANDEMIC', 'CORO-NA' OR 'COVID-19', BUT'2020' COULD BE THEWORD OF THE YEAR

It is admittedly too early to guesswhat will be declared as the word orphrase of the year, with Covid-19, so-cial distancing, pandemic, corona,

PPE, WFH, quarantine, isolation, super-spreader, asymptomatic, herd immunity,and other such words gone viral. Well,that is only one part of the story of thisyear. The profusion of calamitousevents— floods, bushfires, supercyclones,landslides, earthquakes, locust attacks,plane crashes, protests and sit-in, deadlygas leaks, chemical blasts, economicdownturn, layoffs and many more, havegiven enough reasons to the experts topropose the numeronym, ‘2020’ as a pos-sible word of the year. Any why not? ar-gue many netizens across the globe.

2020 is not a neologism(anewly- coined word or expression),like hashtag (American DialectSociety’s choice for 2012) orBrexit (Collins dictionary’s 2016laureate), and when pronouncedas twenty-twenty, it is currentlydefined as “meeting a standard ofnormal visual acuity” or “markedby facilely accurate discernment” There is no single word yet for“unending series of disastrousevents”, but 2020 should fit thebill — across languages, feel many

What's your take? Share your viewsat toinie175@gmail.com

Reliance Industries chairman, Mukesh Ambani has surged past France’s BernardArnault, Europe’s wealthiest man, to cement his place in the top 5 richest club

IN THE NEWS

Has the pandemic widened thegap between the rich and thepoor nations? Share your viewsat toinie175@gmail.scom

“Every flower is a soul blossoming in nature.”GÉRARD DE NERVAL, FRENCH WRITER AND POET

READ AND LEARN02

AUTHOR COLUMN

Creative writing is express-ing yourself through imag-inative writing in anygenre such as essays,stories, novels, poems and

plays. To be an effective creativewriter, you need a vivid imagina-tion, strong language skills andsensitive observation of the worldaround you. Here are some tips to de-velop your skills in creative writing.

Read a lot, and enjoy reading books

The most important technique to im-prove your language skills, imagina-tion and knowledge base is to readwidely and read the books of good authors. Many youngsters lose inter-est in reading because they try to readbooks they find difficult to understand.If the original classics are beyondyour comprehension, read their sim-plified versions; and read variousgenres in lucid language: poems,short stories, novels, essays, sci-fi,biographies, non-fiction, blogs andarticles on different topics.

Build a strong vocabularyWhile reading, try to figure out themeaning of unfamiliar words fromthe context and confirm your guessby looking up a dictionary. Words thatyou understand intuitively will be-come part of your active vocabulary.Play word games such as scrabble witha strong adversary.

Practice writingDo graded exercises in creative writing, and learnto write dialogue such thatit sounds natural. There areseveral websites and work-books that provide prompts,pictures and story starters totrigger your imagination.Startwith writing based on a guid-ed framework of visual or writtencues, such as a series of pictures.Then, proceed to writing on the basis ofa stimulus such as a leading or con-cluding sentence. Finally, write a creative piece on a topic. Get con-structive feedback from an expertat each stage.

Strengthen your knowledgeof grammar and punctuation

First, jot down your thoughts and then

refine your writing.Learn the basic rules

of grammar andpunctuation so thatyou can correct allthe errors in gram-mar, spelling andpunctuation. Re-

vise your writingafter a few days to

make the writing flowsmoothly and enhance

the content.

Remember the principles ofgood story writing

Develop realistic characters placed ina recognisable geographical and social milieu and familiarise readerswith their thoughts and feelings. Thestart of the story must be atten-tion-grabbing. Include an elementof mystery to hook the readers andkeep them guessing.

Start by writing about whatyou know

In the beginning, write about theworld you know with characters youare familiar with and linked to topicsof your interest. When you write onan unfamiliar topic, do thorough research to make it plausible.

Add a twist at the end Try to build up a short story to ananti-climax so that something unex-pected happens at the end. For inspi-ration, read the stories of HectorHugh Munro, better known byhis pen-name Saki, who usedthis device with mastery.

Understand the use of figures of speechStart with writing simple sentencesbut as you become an advancedwriter, understanding and usingmetaphors, similes, personification,puns and extended metaphors willenrich your prose whereas usingadditional rhetorical devices suchas oxymoron, alliteration, euphe-

mism, hyperboles, transferred epithet and metonymy will enrichyour verse.

Take criticism positivelyWhen you write for an audience, read-ers will react differently and theremay be criticism as well as appreci-ation. Take criticism positively,evaluate its veracity and learn fromit. Remember that there is alwaysscope for improvement.

Richa Gupta, a former academician and author of‘Slices of Life’ (2020) and ‘Skeins’ (2018),

shares tips on how to improve your creative writing skills

Do take criticism positively,

evaluate its veracity andlearn from it. There is

always scope for improvement

Quick Tips to

Better Creative

Writing

Quiz time

Q.1) Which is the first HarryPotter book?A. HP and the Goblet of Fire

B. HP and the Philosopher’s Stone

C. HP and the Chamber of Secrets

D. HP and the God of small Things

Q.2) What was the nationalityof Robert Louis Stevenson,writer of ‘Treasure Island’?A. Scottish B. Welsh

C. Irish D. French

Q.3) ‘Jane Eyre’ was written bywhich Bronte sister?A. Anne B. Charlotte C. Emily

D. None of the above

Q.4) What is the book ‘Lord ofthe Flies’ about?A. A round trip around the USA B. A

swarm of killer flies C. Schoolboys on

a desert island D. None of the above

Q.5) In which century wasGeoffrey Chaucer’s CanterburyTales written?A. 13th–14th B. 14th–15th

C. 15th-16th D. 16th–17th

BOOKS AND AUTHORS

COMMON GRAMMATICAL MISTAKES m

itsakes

FORMERLY/FORMALLYTHE RULES:

HOW NOT TO DO IT:

■ ’Formerly’ is something that happened before.■ ’Formally’ (adj) in a formal manner.

■ The store was formerly opened on Tuesday.■ It was a custom formally observed.

1.

✘

HOW TO DO IT PROPERLY:■ The store was formally opened on Tuesday.■ It was a custom formerly observed. ■ Gaidar was formerly the vice governor of theKirov Region. ■ He was formally certified as a CA.

✔

A N S W E R S IDIOM OF THE DAY➤ MUM’S THE WORDMMeeaanniinngg:: To keep quiet. To say nothing.

1. B) HP and the Philosopher’s Stone 2. A) Scottish 3. B) Charlotte

4. C) Schoolboys on a desert island 5. A) 13th–14th

CURRICULUM EXERCISESQ1. What is the frequencyrange of the IEEE 802.11astandard?

Q2. Fill in the blanks:A. Potassium nitrate is usedin ____.B. Permanent hardness ofwater may be removed by theaddition of ____.

Q3. Identify the followingmonument.

Answer: (1) 5GHz (2) A) Fertilisers B) Sodium carbonate (3) Bibi Ka Maqbara

EXPLORE YOUR CREATIVITYDevelop a story based onthe pictures in around 250words. Send your entryalong with your name,class, school and pictureat toinie175@gmail.com

1) amldse A: damsel B: perfection C: glorious D: query

2) yrpdamiA: depend B: pyramid C: confidence

JUMBLEDWORDS

1) A: damsel 2) B: pyramid

A N S W E R S

IDENTIFY

He is the18th ChiefMinister ofMaharashtra

Answer:DevendraFadnavis

THE PERSONALITY

Watch It! ToiStudent presents NEP 2020. Our edu-cators decode the way forward as envis-aged in the National Education Policy of2020 in this video presentation.

WHEN: We are live at 3 pm onAugust 11 (today).

WHERE: Watch the video athttps://www.youtube.com/chan-nel/UCyT6h6Z3gq94BAhHqG5m-Ag Subscribe for more such videos, discussions and movie screenings.

Have something to add? 1. Send us a video on your thoughts aboutthe policy and whether you think this isthe way forward for the education sector.

2. Make sure the video is clear andcrisp. Do not exceed 2 minutes. 3. Send your video tonieytteam@gmail.com.

Meanwhile join the discussion on ourhashtag #FutureForward onhttps://twitter.com/TOIStudent/

Supriya.sharma2@timesgroup.com

Eating less and still putting onweight? Have low stamina, weakbones and frequent low back painand headaches? Congrats. You’ve

just won yourself a spot in the 21 st centu-ry tired people’s club. “I meet people in theirearly 20s and teens who can’t even climbstairs or walk a kilometer. They are clockedout even before they touch midday,” saysGagan Arora, a Delhi-based fitness trainer.

Fatigue has become one of this centu-ry’s most debilitating yet underrated con-ditions, affecting the youth physically, emo-tionally and mentally. While getting thehourglass figure is still the driving factorfor a huge chunk of the population, moststrive to just get the basic, everyday fitness

to do their household chores and profes-sional jobs better. “Doing the kind of workI do, there’s always a lot of load on my back.I started functional training recently withthe prime objective of not losing weight butto strengthen my back and get overall endurance,” shares Mansi Midha, a Delhi-based photographer.

TOO MUCH TO HANDLEToday’s adrenaline-fuelled lifestyle leavesless room for physical movement.There is so much to do — the end-less updates to read and like,emails to respond to, photosto post, and with it all,rarely a full night’s rest.Even technology isworking aroundour ridiculous

need to stay in one spot. “Although we havemore health clubs than ever and new fitnessprograms are being introduced almost everymonth,people are still getting unfit and fight-ing health issues. A huge population is lack-ing basic cardio respiratory endurance andstrength required to perform daily choreseffortlessly,” adds Arora. Agrees Raoul Hirani, strength and conditioning coach,“The biggest problems people come to mewith are mobility issues. People have in-correct postures and flawed squat patterns.”

GET STARTEDExercise is a must. The energy you producewhen exercising breeds more energy, notcaffeine and sugar. “We need to rethink andredesign our schedule to squeeze in some

movement on daily basis. Simple tasks likestanding, walking few steps every hour,climbing stairs or 10 minutes of morn-ing/evening yoga can deliver positive healthbenefits than being sedentary all day,” saysArora. Do not get too ambitious if you seekeveryday strength.

COPINGUPFITNESS TREND

It is no more about losing flabor gaining abs alone. Fitness ismore about survival for today’s

burned out youth

SAY NO TOSODAS: Drink plentyof water throughoutthe day that you nevercrave for any sweet-ened/aerated drinks/packaged fruit juices.

STARCH: Preferwholegrain food itemsover refined flour.

PACKAGED FOOD:They are high inpreservatives andexcess salt.

ARTIFICIALSWEETENERS: Dietcolas and artificialsweeteners containless calories but haveadverse effects oninsulin levels.

Our

97%MARKS:

STUDENT: Soumya SucharitaDwibedy

CLASS: X-C

BOARD : CBSE

SCHOOL: Oasis School,Hyderabad

Your initial reaction on hearing the news?At first I was in a state of shock for a while.But then reality hit me and I was so happythat I started to cry. It was a pleasant feel-ing never felt before.

What do you attribute your success to?It definitely would be my interest to scorewell. What I believe is that things turn outgood if you really want them to. Hard work, stress management, organisa-tional skills, perfection and time manage-ment are some other attributes I wouldlike to add.

Your message to the students appearing for theboards?My first and foremost advice would be to staycalm and composed and not stress. It’s just anoth-er exam which you have to appear for. Work hardfrom the beginning and stay focused. Concentrateand be dedicated while studying. Frankly speaking,studying hours do not make a difference, studyingmethods do.

Your next step?I am continuing my studies with the sciencestream (MPC). I am an IIT aspirant and also wantto appear for the civil service examinations.

Method of study is crucial, not hours of studySuccess StoriesSoumya is cre-ative, curious, and

persistent with a tremen-dous spirit of confidenceand knowledge.

Usha Karumathil,Principal, Oasis School,Hyderabad