Music & Technology Nia Hall, William Hand, Keyachtta Hawkins, Matt Ross

Technology & SoundCBS News

Vocabulary Lesson!

Electroacoustic Amplification of acoustic sound

Electronic Instruments Synthesizer Drum Machine Laptops

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History of Electronic Instruments

The Denis d’or was invented by a Bohemian priest in 1753

Clavecin Lectrique in 1761 Used static electricity as basis for sound

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History of Electronic Instruments

Synthesizers Electronic Sackbut Development started in the 1950s▪ Mostly used in the studio

Moog Synthesizer in 1964 Digital Synthesis▪ Result of microprocessors▪ Polyphonic

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Electronic Sackbut Moog Synthesizer

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History of Electronic Instruments

Guitar Effects

Turntables Drum Machine

Electric guitar pedals

History of Electronic Instruments

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The First Forms

Techno/Electro “Percussion-based electronic dance

music” Influenced by Moog Synthesizer http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9lDCY

jb8RHk

Coined in 1988 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=omfiV

kkJ1OU

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Emerging Genres

Electronica Characterized by electronic instruments,

synthesizers, drum machines and digital audio workstations

House Music Tiesto Swedish House Mafia▪ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PkQ5rEJaT

mk

Avicii▪ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dQ2-e9s2Y

BI

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Technology-Based Music of Today

STS9, Pretty Lights, Bassnectar, Daft Punk STS9 are: Hunter Brown

(guitar/laptop/midi keyboard), Jeffree Lerner (percussion/laptop/handsonic), David Murphy (bass/laptop/midi keyboard), David Phipps (keyboards/laptop), and Zach Velmer (drums).

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5L9KSLDr69g

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Examples

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Mg3jqgenNk

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What Do You think?

Do you think these artist should be held in the same esteem as traditional bands?

Do you consider the light effects part of the music?

Is this the future of music?

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Class Activity: Virtual DJ

Please go to http://www.virtualdj.com/ and download the free version

Play around with the features for 5min and read the bolded terms

If you manipulate a song, is it your artistic work?

How does one enforce these term?

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Auto-Tune

Auto-Tune“The Photoshop for the human voice”

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The First Use of Auto-Tune

1998, Cher “Believe” Cher "Believe"

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What is it and What Does it Take? The Technology:

Antares Audio Tech Phase Vocoder Plug In Microsoft Windows Mac OS X

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The Big Picture

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How Has Auto-Tune Changed the Music Industry?

Is it ok for people to pose as real singers?

Auto-Tune removes the emotion that the roots of music originated from.

Auto-Tune has a pervasive negative effect on society's perception and consumption of music

Has made many artists famous and rich- “T Pain”

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How Has Auto-Tune Changed the Music Industry?

Is it ok for people to pose as real singers? Auto-Tune removes the emotion that the

roots of music originated from. Auto-Tune has a pervasive negative effect on

society's perception and consumption of music

Has made many artists famous and rich- “T-Pain” YouTube: T-Pain

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What Do the Professionals Say? Jay Z- Jigga rails against artists who use the ubiquitous

pitch-correction software in their songs through his song D.O.A

Ne-Yo disses artists that use auto-tune “Auto-tune was meant to be a safety net, right[...]It was not

supposed to be wings. You’re not supposed to strap it on your back and jump off the building. That’s not what auto-tune was meant to be. If you’re using it for what it’s meant for, cool, fine, and good[...]not, “I can’t sing at all, so let’s turn auto-tune all the way up so I just sound like Willy the Robot.[...]That’s wack! That’s terrible! It takes all the character out of your voice and you become a robot[...]Take the damn training wheels off. That’s how I feel about it.”

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Anyone Can Be a Singer

What’s your Opinion on Auto Tune????

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6fTh0WRJoX4&feature=related

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yzvFsykQf2Q

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oh9XgGGh4L4

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Has your opinion changed??

What’s your Opinion NOW on Auto Tune????

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Derivative Works

The Ambiguity of Fair Use and Derivate

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What Does “Fair Use” Even Mean?

Copyright Act of 1976

The following factors constitute fair use: The nature of the copyrighted work (its purpose) The amount and substantiality of the portion used in

relation to the copyrighted work as a whole (how much is used)

The effect of the use upon the potential market for or value of the copyrighted work (doesn’t hurt original’s value/market)

The fact that a work is unpublished shall not itself bar a finding of fair use if such finding is made upon consideration of all the above factors.

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Fair Use in Court

Bridgeport Music vs. Dimension Films (2005) Federal judge originally ruled it was NOT a

copyright violation, Appeals Court reverses decision – “Get a license or don’t sample.”

Reversed because NWA’s work was commercial in nature – didn’t satisfy all parts of fair use.

NWA Funkadelic

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Fair Use Simplified

How the work is being usedThe portion of the song used Its impact on the value and market of

the original

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Where Do Mashups Fit In?Entirely new context –

transformativeNew context offers new perspectives

on the original songCan provide critical commentary

Girl Talk White Panda

Girl Talk

Pays homage to the artists he uses.“All Day” had over 350 unlicensed

samples, all 100% copyrighted.Girl Talk's Disclaimer1976 Copyright Act

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Parodies

Under fair use in the U.S. copyright law, you don’t need the artist’s permission to record a parody.

Weird Al – Master of Comedic Parodies Amish Paradise / Gangstas Paradise

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Sampling: Pitbull vs. Milkman

“Go Girl” - Pitbull “All About It” – MilkmanHow is the meaning changed by the

new context of Milkman’s song? Is this a violation of fair use?Does the Bridgeport decision go too

far?

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Mashup: Outkast and Charlie Brown

Nature of song is transformed“If you use the copied work in a way

that substitutes for the original in the market, it’s unlikely to be a fair use; uses that serve a different audience or purpose are more likely fair.”

Two Ways to View This

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SoundCloud’s Creative Commons

http://blog.soundcloud.com/2008/10/17/cc/ All Rights Reserved Some Rights Reserved No Rights Reserved

Has option to report copyright infringement.

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Broadcasting

Broadcasting Mediums

Radio Television

MTV, BET, CMTOnline Live PerformancesPublic

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Performance Rights Organizations

What are PROs? Intermediary Collection agencies Distribute fees as royalties ASCAP, SECAC, BMI

Criticisms Expanding the meaning of “public

performance” Demanding payment for iTunes and Amazon

samples Eliminating free publicity Technology &

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Broadcast Music Inc. (BMI)

Performance rights royalties Songwriter/Composer & Publisher How are royalties divided ▪ 200% split

Sampling, medleys, and parodies▪ Agreement among writers and publisher

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Performance Rights Act

Introduced in 2009Reintroduced in 2011

Issues: Broadcasters to pay more royalties▪ Publicity

Public Radio▪ Pandora & XM

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Performance Rights Act

Winners: Recording companies ▪ Generate $18.7 mill in revenue

Performers

Losers: Public radio

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Proposed Royalties

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What Do You Think?

Should Amazon and iTunes be required to pay royalties for their 30 second samples?

Should the Performance Rights Act of 2011 pass?

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