nicholas i, the decembrists, and official nationality policy
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Nicholas I, the Decembrists, and Official Nationality Policy. Alexander I died, 1 December 1825. Elisabeth Alekseyevna, sick Travelled to the south, Taganrog Alexander died of typhus. Successor – unclear: Konstantin or Nicholas. Grand Duke Constantine Pavlovich, 1779-1831. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
•Elisabeth Alekseyevna, sick•Travelled to the south, Taganrog•Alexander died of typhus.•Successor – unclear:•Konstantin or Nicholas
Catherine raised him with Alexander to rule
Married German Princess, 1796 (she left 1799)
1818-19 Alexander appointed him de facto viceroy of Congress Kingdom
1820 married Polish Countess Joanna Grudzinska
1822: renounced right to throne (kept secret).
Northern Society (Prince Trubetskoy): constitutional monarchy, abolish serfdom
Southern Society (Pavel Pestel): republic, land redistribution
Lack of coordinationLoyalty of most of the
garrison
Raised during reaction to French Revolution
Not raised to ruleLoved military
paradeMost consistent tsarMost closely linked
with “Official Nationality.”
Count Sergey Semionovich Uvarov, 1786-1855
Minister of Education, 1833-1849
Official Nationality PolicyOrthodoxy (pravoslavie)Autocracy (samoderzhavie)Nationality (narodnost’)
PessimisticConservativePatriarchal
Grand Duke Constantine’s oppressive rule
Warsaw, Nov. 29, 1830: Kadets revolt led by Piotr Wysocki
Constantine fledRevolutionaries took
WarsawRussia sent large
army, 180,000 troopsPoles had about 70,000
Education: more educated, but more tightly controlled and differed by soslovie (estate).
Third Department: a sort of personal secret police
New law code (M. Speransky)State peasants’ situation somewhat improved.But serfdom not abolished.
SlavophilesWesternizersPetroshevtsyCyril-Methodius Brotherhood (Kiev/Kyiv)
Whence did all this opposition arise?Nicholas was consistent, but foreign policy
reactionaryEducated people had changedDifferent people, a proliferation of ideasSplit of educated and the government