nick turney
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Sail Trim and Shape. Nick Turney . Topics to be covered. Different Types of Sails Sail Trim/Controls Downwind Sails. GOAL. #1 – Boat Speed- Cruising or Racing, we all like to go fast! How is it achieved – BALANCE! No Helm Sail Set Up Sail Trim - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Nick Turney](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062501/5681649b550346895dd67717/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Nick Turney
Sail Trim and Shape
![Page 2: Nick Turney](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062501/5681649b550346895dd67717/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Topics to be covered
• Different Types of Sails• Sail Trim/Controls• Downwind Sails
![Page 3: Nick Turney](https://reader035.vdocument.in/reader035/viewer/2022062501/5681649b550346895dd67717/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
GOAL
• #1 – Boat Speed- Cruising or Racing, we all like to go fast!– How is it achieved – BALANCE!
• No Helm• Sail Set Up• Sail Trim• Selecting the proper sail for the
conditions
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Different Types of Sails
• Cruising• Racing• Club Sails• Heavy Boats vs. Lighter Boats
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Some boats are very fast and easily driven and sail with very straight exits on the sails as a result.
DIFFERENT SAILS FOR DIFFERENT BOATS
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Some are heavy, sluggish and need rounder, more powerful sails.
Some boats are larger and require a more powerful sail plan and set up
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Different boats and sail plans demand different sail shapes- the J/24 sails best with a draft forward straight exit design but sheeted very hard
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The Thistle sails fastest with draft aft round exit shape mainsail.
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Some jibs setup on straight forestays with little sag.
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Some sail with a great deal of sag, such as this Kevlar laminated T ten jib.
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No matter what type of boat or sails you have you always have the ability to change the sails shape and set up
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Mainsail Trim
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Mainsail controls
• Main Sheet• Halyard• Traveler• Cunningham• Outhaul• Vang• Backstay
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Main Sheet
• What does the Main Sheet do?– Controls Leech Tension– Pointing Ability – Overall Power of The Sail
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Mainsail Trim
• The upper telltale is an excellent indication of mainsail twist
• When the telltale stalls the mainsail is overtrimmed, when it flows the mainsheet tension is correct
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Basic Rule - Mainsail upwind
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Mainsail Trim• Oversheeting the
mainsheet will close the leech, increasing weather helm and making the bow want to point up
• Easing the mainsheet opens the leech and decrease weather helm, making the boat easier to sail straight
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Mainsail Trim
• The mainsail is over trimmed when the telltale curls to leeward
• Slight over trim on the main puts the boat into point mode
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Main Halyard
• What does it do?– Entry angle– Draft position– Loose halyard= draft aft– Tight halyard= draft foward
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Main Halyard
NO BUMPS
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Traveler
• The traveler changes power in the mainsail by changing the angle to the wind
• The traveler will also affect pointing ability
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Traveler
• Adjust to keep help neutral
• Up in light air
• Down as the breeze builds
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Cunningham• Draft forward is a
better heavy air shape, keeping the leech more open to depower
• Draft aft is a better light air shape, firming the leech for power
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J/24 mainsail - 10 knots true wind speed
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camber
16.7%
16.2%
13.1%
draft
47.4%
42.8%
42.4%
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camber
16.4%
15.8%
12.5%
draft
46.1%
41.2%
37.7%
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camber
15.6%
14.7%
11.5%
draft
42.0%
37.8%
35.7%
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camber
13.9%
13.0%
10.1%
draft
36.2%
34.6%
35.9%
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Controls shape in lower aft part of main
Outhaul
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Outhaul
• A loose outhaul makes the bottom of the main fuller for more power
• A tight outhaul flattens the bottom of the sail and opens the lower leech
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tight outhaul
camber
8.4%
9.5%
6.0%
mainsheet length constant
10 mph
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20mm looser outhaul
camber
9.1%
10.3%
6.8%
mainsheet length constant
10 mph
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40mm looser outhaul
camber
9.5%
10.8%
7.4%
mainsheet length constant
10 mph
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60mm looser outhaul
camber
10.0%
11.4%
8.2%
mainsheet length constant
10 mph
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80mm looser outhaul
camber
10.2%
11.9%
9.1%
mainsheet length constant
10 mph
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Mainsail Trim
• Light Air– Outhaul Loose– Cunningham off– Vang Loose– Backstay, loose– Traveler up to boom on C/L.– Mainsheet- Top Battenparallel
• Moderate– Outhaul Max– Cunningham loose– Vang Snug, no slack– Backstay, adjust power to keep
boat flat– Traveler, keep boat flat– Mainsheet top parallel or
slightly open
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Mainsail Trim
• Heavy Air– Outhaul Max– Cunningham, no wrinkles– Vang very firm– Backstay on hard– Traveler, down, below C/L– Mainsheet, top batten open 5- 10 degrees
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Headsail Trim
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Headsail Trim• Low aspect headsails sheet
at an angle nearly bisecting the leech and foot
• High aspect sails sheet more directly up the leech
• Moving the lead forward will close the leech for power, moving it aft will open the leech to depower
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Headsail Trim• Proper trim allows the
wind to flow evenly on both sides of the sail, telltales flow aft
• Overtrimming stalls the windflow on the backside of the sail, creating vortices that spin the telltale
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Set sail same distance off spreader and base
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J22 Jib Good Set Up
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J22 Jib too tight
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• 1. Headstay sag increases depth in the headsail to add power
• 2. Sag can be controlled through backstay and shroud tension
• 3. Sag controls sail entry, deep for chop, fine for flat water
Headstay Sag
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Sail depth is controlled by headstay tension or mastbend.
Flatter
Fuller
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Match Profiles
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Spinnaker Trim
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Spinnaker Trim
• A full shape is more stable and good for power in chop or when pumping
• A flatter shape provides more exposed area and is most effective in flat water
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Spinnaker Trim• A high pole flattens out
the top of the spinnaker and depowers the leeches
• A lower pole stabilizes the spinnaker and makes it easier to fly
• As a rule the clews should be equal height
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Spinnaker Trim
• Pole too high flattens the luff and moves the draft aft, closing the leech
• 2. Lowering the pole moves the draft forward and opens the leech
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Notice the different shapes due to the different pole heights…These are the same design of spinnaker!!
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Spinnaker Trim
• As a rule, the spinnaker pole should be square to the wind
• Over squaring the pole means oversheeting the spinnaker
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Spinnaker Trim
• Lead forward tightens the leech and powers the foot with increased depth
• 2. Lead aft opens the leech and flattens the foot
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Asymetric
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Asymetric
• Tack line controls the luff tension and shape– Looser tack- rounder luff – Tighter luff= less power
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Downwind Trim• Too little vang allows
too much twist and flattens the top of the main, depowering the sail
• Vang on decreases twist and makes the top of the main deeper and more powerful
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