Cryptic diversity in Indo-Pacific coral reef fishes revealed by DNA barcoding

provides new support to the centre-of-overlap hypothesis

Nicolas Huberta, Meyer Cb, Bruggemann Hc, Guérin Fc, Komeno RJLd, Espiau Be, Causse Rf, Williams Jb, Planes Se

a IRD, UMR5554 ISE-M, France; b Smithsonian Institution, NMNH, Washington DC, c Université de la Réunion, Département de Biologie, Réunion; d Université de Toliara, IHSM, Madagascar; e CNRS, CRIOBE USR 3278, France; f Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, UMR 7208 BOREA, France.

Diversity of Indo-Pacific coral reef fishes

10490 species, 394 familles (Fishbase, 2011)

33% of world’s ichthyofauna

≈ 5000 reef associated

Hubert et al. Cryptic diversity in Indo-Pacific coral reef fishes revealed by DNA barcoding provides new support to the centre-of-overlap hypothesis

Spatial diversity of Indo-Pacific coral reefs

Hubert et al. Cryptic diversity in Indo-Pacific coral reef fishes revealed by DNA barcoding provides new support to the centre-of-overlap hypothesis

4200 sp. (1% surface, 40% ichthyofauna)

944 sp. (698 reef associated) 703 sp. (598 reef associated)

Hubert et al. Cryptic diversity in Indo-Pacific coral reef fishes revealed by DNA barcoding provides new support to the centre-of-overlap hypothesis

Gradient of diversity and IPR biodiversity centre

Hubert et al. Cryptic diversity in Indo-Pacific coral reef fishes revealed by DNA barcoding provides new support to the centre-of-overlap hypothesis

Centre  of  origin  

Biodiversity hypotheses for coral reefs

Hubert et al. Cryptic diversity in Indo-Pacific coral reef fishes revealed by DNA barcoding provides new support to the centre-of-overlap hypothesis

Centre  of  origin  

Biodiversity hypotheses for coral reefs

Hubert et al. Cryptic diversity in Indo-Pacific coral reef fishes revealed by DNA barcoding provides new support to the centre-of-overlap hypothesis

Centre  of  origin  

Biodiversity hypotheses for coral reefs

(1)  Endemism is young in IPR (2) Range midpoint fall in IPR

(3) Shallow population structure (high connectivity & dispersal)

Hubert et al. Cryptic diversity in Indo-Pacific coral reef fishes revealed by DNA barcoding provides new support to the centre-of-overlap hypothesis

Centre  of  overlap  

Biodiversity hypotheses for coral reefs

Hubert et al. Cryptic diversity in Indo-Pacific coral reef fishes revealed by DNA barcoding provides new support to the centre-of-overlap hypothesis

Centre  of  overlap  

Biodiversity hypotheses for coral reefs

Hubert et al. Cryptic diversity in Indo-Pacific coral reef fishes revealed by DNA barcoding provides new support to the centre-of-overlap hypothesis

Centre  of  overlap  

Biodiversity hypotheses for coral reefs

(1) Endemism follows history (2) Range midpoint out of IPR

(3) Deep population structure (barrier to dispersal)

Hubert et al. Cryptic diversity in Indo-Pacific coral reef fishes revealed by DNA barcoding provides new support to the centre-of-overlap hypothesis

Hypothesis testing through large-scale Barcoding

Widespread species with Indopacific distribution ranges = Cryptic diversity ?

(2) Range midpoint = what if n spp. ?

(3) Population structure = dispersal ?

Hubert et al. Cryptic diversity in Indo-Pacific coral reef fishes revealed by DNA barcoding provides new support to the centre-of-overlap hypothesis

Collaborative framework for large-scale initiatives

SWIO BIOTAS project

Central Pacific Moorea biocode project

Coral reef fishes 2276 ind., 667 sp., 70 fam.

Inner reef Outer slope

Hubert et al. Cryptic diversity in Indo-Pacific coral reef fishes revealed by DNA barcoding provides new support to the centre-of-overlap hypothesis

Inter-oceanic genetic divergence

Intraspecific 513 taxa, 2122 ind., 4794 comp.

Hubert et al. Cryptic diversity in Indo-Pacific coral reef fishes revealed by DNA barcoding provides new support to the centre-of-overlap hypothesis

Patterns in widespread species

Pattern 1 62/142

Pattern 2 68/142

Pattern 3 6/142

Pattern 4 6/142

80/142 widespread species include 167 lineages (Patterns 2, 3, 4)

142 species = 229 lineages

Shallow Monophyly Paraphyly (geography, taxonomy)

Hubert et al. Cryptic diversity in Indo-Pacific coral reef fishes revealed by DNA barcoding provides new support to the centre-of-overlap hypothesis

Cryptic diversity and genetic divergence

Hubert et al. Cryptic diversity in Indo-Pacific coral reef fishes revealed by DNA barcoding provides new support to the centre-of-overlap hypothesis

Cryptic diversity and species range midpoint

Widespread species with Indopacific distribution ranges = n spp.

(2) Range midpoint = out of the IPR but species range tails?

(3) Population structure = “fragmented” across the Indopacific

?

Thank  you  

Hubert et al. Cryptic diversity in Indo-Pacific coral reef fishes revealed by DNA barcoding provides new support to the centre-of-overlap hypothesis