nicole hill*, e lawrence, j dambacher, a williams, n barrett, j hulls, b barker, s nichol, v...
TRANSCRIPT
Nicole Hill*, E Lawrence, J Dambacher, A Williams, N Barrett, J Hulls, B Barker, S Nichol, V Lucieer, F Althaus, J Kool and K R
Hayes
Designing long-term monitoring programs in off shore CMRs:
Applying a novel sampling design to inventory biological assets
Background
• Announcement of Commonwealth Marine Reserve (CMR) network June 2012
• Need for developing monitoring framework in management plans
Challenges for designing monitoring programs
Flexible framework to accommodate:
• Variable (but mostly limited) knowledge on the spatial distribution of habitats and biodiversity attributes
• Dual purpose- inventory and change detection
• Multiple and different objectives between CMR’s
• Potential for changing objectives
• Logistical constraints of ship-based surveys
• Non-extractive sampling and assessment
Flinders CMR: A case study
Declared June 2007
Continental Shelf:
• Largely unmapped
• Little known about spatial location of habitats and biota
Slope
• Slope extensively mapped, but habitats and biota not well sampled
Flinders CMR Objectives
1) Develop and apply a spatially-balanced survey design, for the purposes of inventory and monitoring of conservation values
Invertebrate mega-benthos:- Sponges, corals, bryozoan
thickets
Commercially important fish: - Striped Trumpeter, Rock
Lobster, Jackass Morwong
Low productivity, highly impacted species:
- Sharks, rays and skates
Approach- GRTS
• Trialling a probabilistic, spatially-balanced survey design called Generalised Random Tessellated Stratified (GRTS)
Stevens & Olsen. 2004. Journal of the American Statistical Association. Vol. 99, 262- 278.
• Allows unbiased estimates of value of interest across entire region
Phase 1: Habitat
Phase 2: Biota
1 km
0 4 8 122Kilometers
What fish assemblages are present on the Flinders CMR Shelf?
A B CD E F G
Group average
28_1
052
1_1
1_11
531_
2177
1_57
728
_284
2_21
092_
1597
2_20
4516
_236
28_2
810
_586 2_2
16_r
eef
2_re
ef16
_492
16_5
9210
_10
10_4
7728
_348
15_2
0715
_911
3_42
07_
2119
23_2
33_
37_
1031
7_77
523
_967
3_78
87_
723
_111
123
_104
723
_855
15_1
510
_ree
f15
_ree
f7_
1351
3_10
274_
511
4_99
14_
255
4_4
Samples
100
80
60
40
20
0
Sim
ilarit
yTransform: Square rootResemblance: S17 Bray Curtis similarity (+d)
Bra
y-C
urt
is S
imila
rity
What fish assemblages are present on the Flinders CMR Shelf?
A
Group average
28_1
052
1_1
1_11
531_
2177
1_57
728
_284
2_21
092_
1597
2_20
4516
_236
28_2
810
_586 2_
216
_ree
f2_
reef
16_4
9216
_592
10_1
010
_477
28_3
4815
_207
15_9
113_
420
7_21
1923
_23
3_3
7_10
317_
775
23_9
673_
788
7_7
23_1
111
23_1
047
23_8
5515
_15
10_r
eef
15_r
eef
7_13
513_
1027
4_51
14_
991
4_25
54_
4
Samples
100
80
60
40
20
0
Sim
ilarit
y
Transform: Square rootResemblance: S17 Bray Curtis similarity (+d)
B
Group average
28_1
052
1_1
1_11
531_
2177
1_57
728
_284
2_21
092_
1597
2_20
4516
_236
28_2
810
_586 2_
216
_ree
f2_
reef
16_4
9216
_592
10_1
010
_477
28_3
4815
_207
15_9
113_
420
7_21
1923
_23
3_3
7_10
317_
775
23_9
673_
788
7_7
23_1
111
23_1
047
23_8
5515
_15
10_r
eef
15_r
eef
7_13
513_
1027
4_51
14_
991
4_25
54_
4
Samples
100
80
60
40
20
0
Sim
ilarit
y
Transform: Square rootResemblance: S17 Bray Curtis similarity (+d)
Group average
28_1
052
1_1
1_11
531_
2177
1_57
728
_284
2_21
092_
1597
2_20
4516
_236
28_2
810
_586 2_
216
_ree
f2_
reef
16_4
9216
_592
10_1
010
_477
28_3
4815
_207
15_9
113_
420
7_21
1923
_23
3_3
7_10
317_
775
23_9
673_
788
7_7
23_1
111
23_1
047
23_8
5515
_15
10_r
eef
15_r
eef
7_13
513_
1027
4_51
14_
991
4_25
54_
4
Samples
100
80
60
40
20
0
Sim
ilarit
y
Transform: Square rootResemblance: S17 Bray Curtis similarity (+d)
What fish assemblages are present on the Flinders CMR Shelf?
C
Group average28
_105
21_
11_
1153
1_21
771_
577
28_2
842_
2109
2_15
972_
2045
16_2
3628
_28
10_5
86 2_2
16_r
eef
2_re
ef16
_492
16_5
9210
_10
10_4
7728
_348
15_2
0715
_911
3_42
07_
2119
23_2
33_
37_
1031
7_77
523
_967
3_78
87_
723
_111
123
_104
723
_855
15_1
510
_ree
f15
_ree
f7_
1351
3_10
274_
511
4_99
14_
255
4_4
Samples
100
80
60
40
20
0
Sim
ilarit
y
Transform: Square rootResemblance: S17 Bray Curtis similarity (+d)
Group average
28_1
052
1_1
1_11
531_
2177
1_57
728
_284
2_21
092_
1597
2_20
4516
_236
28_2
810
_586 2_2
16_r
eef
2_re
ef16
_492
16_5
9210
_10
10_4
7728
_348
15_2
0715
_911
3_42
07_
2119
23_2
33_
37_
1031
7_77
523
_967
3_78
87_
723
_111
123
_104
723
_855
15_1
510
_ree
f15
_ree
f7_
1351
3_10
274_
511
4_99
14_
255
4_4
Samples
100
80
60
40
20
0
Sim
ilarit
y
Transform: Square rootResemblance: S17 Bray Curtis similarity (+d)
D
Group average
28_1
052
1_1
1_11
531_
2177
1_57
728
_284
2_21
092_
1597
2_20
4516
_236
28_2
810
_586 2_
216
_ree
f2_
reef
16_4
9216
_592
10_1
010
_477
28_3
4815
_207
15_9
113_
420
7_21
1923
_23
3_3
7_10
317_
775
23_9
673_
788
7_7
23_1
111
23_1
047
23_8
5515
_15
10_r
eef
15_r
eef
7_13
513_
1027
4_51
14_
991
4_25
54_
4
Samples
100
80
60
40
20
0
Sim
ilarit
y
Transform: Square rootResemblance: S17 Bray Curtis similarity (+d)
Group average
28_1
052
1_1
1_11
531_
2177
1_57
728
_284
2_21
092_
1597
2_20
4516
_236
28_2
810
_586 2_
216
_ree
f2_
reef
16_4
9216
_592
10_1
010
_477
28_3
4815
_207
15_9
113_
420
7_21
1923
_23
3_3
7_10
317_
775
23_9
673_
788
7_7
23_1
111
23_1
047
23_8
5515
_15
10_r
eef
15_r
eef
7_13
513_
1027
4_51
14_
991
4_25
54_
4
Samples
100
80
60
40
20
0
Sim
ilarit
y
Transform: Square rootResemblance: S17 Bray Curtis similarity (+d)
What fish assemblages are present on the Flinders CMR Shelf?
E
Group average28
_105
21_
11_
1153
1_21
771_
577
28_2
842_
2109
2_15
972_
2045
16_2
3628
_28
10_5
86 2_2
16_r
eef
2_re
ef16
_492
16_5
9210
_10
10_4
7728
_348
15_2
0715
_911
3_42
07_
2119
23_2
33_
37_
1031
7_77
523
_967
3_78
87_
723
_111
123
_104
723
_855
15_1
510
_ree
f15
_ree
f7_
1351
3_10
274_
511
4_99
14_
255
4_4
Samples
100
80
60
40
20
0
Sim
ilarit
y
Transform: Square rootResemblance: S17 Bray Curtis similarity (+d)
Group average
28_1
052
1_1
1_11
531_
2177
1_57
728
_284
2_21
092_
1597
2_20
4516
_236
28_2
810
_586 2_
216
_ree
f2_
reef
16_4
9216
_592
10_1
010
_477
28_3
4815
_207
15_9
113_
420
7_21
1923
_23
3_3
7_10
317_
775
23_9
673_
788
7_7
23_1
111
23_1
047
23_8
5515
_15
10_r
eef
15_r
eef
7_13
513_
1027
4_51
14_
991
4_25
54_
4
Samples
100
80
60
40
20
0
Sim
ilarit
y
Transform: Square rootResemblance: S17 Bray Curtis similarity (+d)
G
Group average
28_1
052
1_1
1_11
531_
2177
1_57
728
_284
2_21
092_
1597
2_20
4516
_236
28_2
810
_586 2_
216
_ree
f2_
reef
16_4
9216
_592
10_1
010
_477
28_3
4815
_207
15_9
113_
420
7_21
1923
_23
3_3
7_10
317_
775
23_9
673_
788
7_7
23_1
111
23_1
047
23_8
5515
_15
10_r
eef
15_r
eef
7_13
513_
1027
4_51
14_
991
4_25
54_
4
Samples
100
80
60
40
20
0
Sim
ilarit
y
Transform: Square rootResemblance: S17 Bray Curtis similarity (+d)
Group average
28_1
052
1_1
1_11
531_
2177
1_57
728
_284
2_21
092_
1597
2_20
4516
_236
28_2
810
_586 2_
216
_ree
f2_
reef
16_4
9216
_592
10_1
010
_477
28_3
4815
_207
15_9
113_
420
7_21
1923
_23
3_3
7_10
317_
775
23_9
673_
788
7_7
23_1
111
23_1
047
23_8
5515
_15
10_r
eef
15_r
eef
7_13
513_
1027
4_51
14_
991
4_25
54_
4
Samples
100
80
60
40
20
0
Sim
ilarit
y
Transform: Square rootResemblance: S17 Bray Curtis similarity (+d)
How do these assemblage relate to environmental factors?
-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0 0.1 0.2CAP1
-0.2
-0.1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3C
AP
2
Transform: Square rootResemblance: S17 Bray Curtis similarity (+d)
Bio_Grp3acbedgf
Lat
Dist_Shelf
Soft/ Sediment
Mixed
Hard/ Reef
Group
Distribution of assemblages across the shelf?
Sediment-Deep
Sediment- Shallow
Sediment-Reef Edge
Sediment-Reef Edge
Reef- Reef Edge
Reef- Deep
Reef-Shallow
Video link
Video link
Distribution of assemblages across the shelf?
Sediment-Deep
Sediment- Shallow
Sediment-Reef Edge
Sediment-Reef Edge
Reef- Reef Edge
Reef- Deep
Reef-Shallow
Video link
Video link
Distribution of assemblages across the shelf?
Sediment-Deep
Sediment- Shallow
Sediment-Reef Edge
Sediment-Reef Edge
Reef- Reef Edge
Reef- Deep
Reef-Shallow
Video link
Richness patterns across the shelf?
Factor Pseudo-F P valueProp
variance
Distance to Shelf 37.349 0.001 0.477
Substratum Type 11.780 0.001 0.197
Latitude 1.327 0.272 0.011
Model R²= 0.685
Distribution of key species?
Results Summary
• First assessment of fish assemblages on Flinders CMR shelf
• Distinct assemblages present
• Associated with substrate type and other environmental factors
• Patterns also evident in species richness and distribution of key species of interest
-0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0 0.1 0.2CAP1
-0.2
-0.1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
CA
P2
Transform: Square rootResemblance: S17 Bray Curtis similarity (+d)
Bio_Grp3acbedgf
Lat
Dist_Shelf
Soft/ Sediment
Mixed
Hard/ Reef
Lessons Learnt
• 2 phase GRTS enabled spatial balance within logistical and practical constraints of deploying BRUVs across a vast area
• GRTS more challenging to apply, but likely to have missed spatial patterns in fish assemblages and diversity otherwise
• Prospectively good combination of techniques for long term monitoring
- cost-effective, non-extractive, flexibile, high power for extrapolation
• Comprehensive mapping of CMR estate an ultimate aim, but still gain important biological insights
• Standardisation and comparability between area
• Transportable to deeper ocean (large portion of CMRs)
Where to from here?
• Calculate inclusion probabilities for sites and develop method for calculating variance
• Apply method to estimate relative abundances of key species and assemblages
• Examine length information for key and commercial species
• Evaluate different gear types for targeting fish species
• Assess potential indicator species
• Make recommendations for monitoring of fish species
www.nerpmarine.edu.au
Nicole HillUniversity of Tasmania
Hobart, [email protected]
http://www.environment.gov.au/biodiversity/science/nerp/hubs.html
Questions???