NIH Investment in the Science of Learning

Robert M. KaplanNIH Associate Director for Behavioral and Social Sciences

Sabrina Liao Geehta SenthilOffice of the Director

NIH Overview

“Science in pursuit of fundamental knowledge about the nature and behavior of living systemsand the application of that knowledge to extend healthy life and reduce the burdens of illness and disability.”

...

The National Institutes of HealthThe Nation’s Steward of Medical & Behavioral Research

NEI

NCI

NHLBI

NLM

NINDS

NIMH

NIAMS

NINR

NCCAM

NHGRI

NIA

NIAAANIAID

NICHD

NIDCD

NIDCR

NIDDK

NIDA

NIEHS

OD

NIGMS

NCATSNIBIB

FIC

CSR

NIMHD

CC

CIT

Extramural only

NIH Institutes and Centers

No Funding Authority

DPCPSI: OBSSR, ORWH, OAR, ODPSoon to be added: Office of Data Science

Spending at NIH

NIH Extramural & Intramural FundingFY 2012 Enacted: $30.9 Billion

Spending Outside NIH$25.7 B

$5.2 B

NIH’s Impact on U.S. Health and MedicineU.S. Life Expectancy

Reduction in deaths from: Heart disease Stroke HIV/AIDS

Increased survival rates for: Breast cancer Cervical cancer Colon cancer

NIH Accomplishments

Life expectancy gains worth ~$3.2 trillion

annually

Cancer rates now falling ~1% per year; each 1% drop

saves ~$500 billion

Cardiovascular disease death rates have fallen

> 60% in the last half-century

HIV therapies enable people in their 20s to live to age 70+

1970

1973

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1979

1982

1985

1988

1991

1994

1997

2000

2003

2006

2009

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Impact of NIH-Supported ResearchOn U.S. Economy In 2011, NIH research supported 432,000 jobs at more

than 2,500 institutions, small businesses nationwide In 2011, NIH funding generated $62 billion in new

economic activity—double taxpayers’ investment NIH serves as foundation for entire U.S. medical

innovation sector that: – Employs 1 million U.S. citizens– Generates $84 billion in wages, salaries– Exports $90 billion in goods, services

Source: An Economic Engine: NIH Research, Employment and the Future of the Medical Innovation Sector,

United Medical Research, May 2011

NIH Priorities

Basic Research on Human Health and Disease

Translational Research

Fund Training and Biomedical Workforce Development

Spending at NIH

NIH Extramural & Intramural FundingFY 2012 Enacted: $30.9 Billion

83%

17%

Spending Outside NIH$25.7 B

– Supports over 300,000 Scientists & Research Personnel

– Supports over 2,500 Institutions

– $3.4 B Intramural Research – $1.5 B Research Management & Support – $0.3 B Buildings and Facilities, Other$5.2 B

Science of Learning Portfolio

• Searched Query/View/Response (QVR) for projects containing learning keywords and developed a fingerprint.

• 965 funded projects for FY 2010, 2011 and 2012.• There are a few duplicates for the list of 2011

and 2012 as they contain Type 5s of some projects from prior years.

• In order to have unique representation of each project, we focused on all competing and non-competing projects for FY 2010 and only competing projects for subsequent years.

• This resulted in 560 projects.The following slides depict scientific categories within these projects , created using PVIZ (portfolio visualization tool). This tool is based on Carrot 2 ‘Lingo’ clustering algorithm. Further details on this algorithm can be obtained at http://project.carrot2.org/algorithms.html

Search Termslearning,social learning,molecular learning, neural processes of learning, neural learning, cognitive learning, social influences, cognitive processes of learning, animal learning, neurological learning, molecular basis of learning, machine learning, cognitive processes of learning, social influences on learning, cognitive basis of learning, neurological basis of learning, artificial intelligence, artificial intelligence learning, human learning.

All competing and non-competing awarded projectsFY 2010-FY2012

Circular visualization of 965 Projects

Brain Category (20 Projects)Few Examples:Transgenic Zebra Finches: New Tool for Studying Learning and Brain Repair.

The Neurobiology of Social Decision-Making

Aging and the Cognitive and Neural Bases of Implicit Associative Learning

Developmental Trajectories of Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenia

Neural mechanisms of speech learning in older adults

Behavioral and Neurologic Factors in Speech Learning

The Learning Brain - Interactive Inquiry for Teachers and Students

Associative learning and brain structure in individuals at risk for dementia

All competing and non-competing awarded projects for FY 2010 and only competing projects for FY 2011

and FY2012

Circular visualization of 560 Projects

This visualization is useful to show overlap and inter-relationships between the selected categories/topics. The figure below shows the projects that overlap multiple categories , for example there four projects that belong to both ‘Cell Signaling’ and ‘Implicit Learning ‘ categories

Major categories within Learning portfolio

Sub-category within major

category ‘Implicit

Learning ‘

Aduna visualization of 560 Projects

Treemap visualization By funding associated with ICs

Treemap visualization By funding associated with Institutions

Word Cloud

Total Projects & Funding (Exact Phrase)

Keyword Projects Total Funding

Machine Learning 484 $214,298,943

Social Learning 250 $97,223,356

Cognitive Processes 215 $66,056,145

Neural Processes 115 $38,162,461

Artificial Intelligence 42 $16,627,219

Social Influences 44 $15,437,001

Cognitive Learning 13 $3,245,635

Neural Learning 6 $2,147,236

Animal Learning 8 $1,208,612

Cognitive Processes of Learning 2 $697,254

Neural Processes of Learning 1 $381,822

Molecular Basis of Learning 1 $288,341

Molecular Learning 1 $170,402

Machine Learning (486)

Projects Total Funding

486 $214,298,943

VA (5)AHRQ (1)NIOSH (1)

NCMHD (1)NCRR (6)

NIDCR (3)NIAMS (4)

NINR (3)NIDCD (5)AHRQ (1)NCATS (4)NIEHS (6)

OD (2)CIT (4)

NIBIB (14)NIA (11)NEI (13)

NIAID (23)NIDA (16)

NIDDK (14)NICHD (32)NHLBI (23)NIMH (46)

NINDS (31)NLM (37)

NIGMS (72)NHGRI (38)

NCI (66)

$0

$0

$76,332

$128,475

$748,416

$965,481

$1,101,146

$1,280,818

$1,535,957

$1,591,827

$2,080,627

$2,486,104

$2,870,249

$3,277,904

$4,836,020

$4,879,638

$5,060,063

$7,358,590

$8,230,154

$9,851,846

$10,692,359

$14,043,259

$16,721,464

$17,685,737

$18,016,860

$21,190,362

$27,523,044

$30,066,211

Neural Processes (115)

Projects Total Funding

115 $38,162,461

VA (6)

NCRR (1)

NIGMS (1)

OD (1)

NIBIB (1)

NCI (2)

NIAAA (3)

CIT (1)

NHLBI (3)

NIA (5)

NINDS (4)

NICHD (6)

NCCAM (2)

NIDCD (12)

NEI (13)

NIDA (20)

NIMH (34)

$0 $2,000,000 $4,000,000 $6,000,000 $8,000,000 $10,000,000 $12,000,000 $14,000,000

$0

$1,094

$26,692

$310,781

$533,771

$617,623

$762,072

$1,074,214

$1,248,816

$1,300,880

$1,384,429

$1,576,247

$2,121,053

$3,496,674

$3,511,718

$8,211,124

$11,985,273

Artificial Intelligence (42)

Projects Total Funding

42 $16,627,219

NIMH (1)

NIAID (1)

NIA (2)

NHGRI (1)

NHLBI (1)

NINR (1)

NIDCR (2)

NIEHS (2)

OD (1)

NLM (1)

NIGMS (4)

NIDCD (3)

NICHD (3)

NIDA (4)

NEI (5)

NCI (7)

NINDS (3)

$0 $500,000 $1,000,000 $1,500,000 $2,000,000 $2,500,000 $3,000,000

$39,074

$238,085

$401,929

$428,079

$440,305

$442,369

$479,634

$605,275

$698,597

$745,770

$1,108,759

$1,166,410

$1,336,563

$1,575,869

$1,938,794

$2,141,579

$2,840,128

Cognitive Learning (13)

Projects Total Funding

13 $3,245,635

NIDCR (1) NICHD (1) NIA (1) NIGMS (2) NIEHS (2) NIDA (2) NIMH (4)

Series1 1165037 603853 434748 389776 277501 226422 148298

$100,000

$300,000

$500,000

$700,000

$900,000

$1,100,000

Animal Learning (8)

Projects Total Funding

8 $1,208,612

NIMH (3) NIDA (1) NEI (1) NICHD (2) NIA (1)

Series1 422122 333661 219694 143182 89953

$25,000

$75,000

$125,000

$175,000

$225,000

$275,000

$325,000

$375,000

$425,000

Social Learning (250)

Projects Total Funding

250 $97,223,356

VA (3)

AHRQ (1)

NCRR (1)

FIC (2)

NCCAM (2)

NIEHS (2)

NEI (1)

NINDS (3)

NIA (3)

NIGMS (3)

NIAMS (2)

NIDCR (3)

NIAAA (9)

NCMHD (14)

NINR (16)

NHLBI (13)

NIDA (22)

NIDDK (18)

NIMH (46)

NCI (47)

NICHD (39)

$0

$0

$29,400

$235,425

$370,264

$397,594

$490,782

$571,482

$965,585

$1,054,519

$1,439,625

$1,557,194

$3,397,473

$6,065,056

$6,225,389

$7,847,387

$8,206,668

$12,157,109

$13,328,588

$15,367,687

$17,516,129

Cognitive Processes (215)

VA (2)

NCATS (1)

OD (1)

NIBIB (2)

NINR (2)

NIDDK (2)

NCMHD (2)

NCI (6)

NIAAA (9)

NIDCD (12)

NINDS (10)

NEI (14)

NIDA (21)

NIA (27)

NICHD (25)

NIMH (79)

$0 $5,000,000 $10,000,000 $15,000,000 $20,000,000 $25,000,000 $30,000,000

$0

$180,718

$343,363

$377,026

$498,721

$617,203

$1,085,984

$2,093,872

$2,676,909

$3,283,022

$3,588,426

$3,745,742

$5,152,105

$7,401,687

$9,899,857

$25,111,510

Projects Total Funding

215 $66,056,145

Social Influences (44)

Projects Total Funding

44 $15,437,001

VA (1)

AHRQ (1)

NIDDK (1)

NCI (1)

NIEHS (1)

NIGMS (1)

NIA (4)

NHLBI (2)

NIMH (6)

NIDA (8)

NICHD (7)

NIAAA (11)

$0 $500,000 $1,000,000 $1,500,000 $2,000,000 $2,500,000 $3,000,000 $3,500,000 $4,000,000 $4,500,000

$0

$0

$77,750

$81,919

$240,001

$346,838

$867,597

$1,065,803

$1,883,008

$3,500,304

$3,525,091

$3,848,690

Neural Learning (6)

Projects Total Funding

6 $2,147,236

NIDCD (2) NIMH (2) NICHD (1) NIA (1)

Series1 730060 626503 526418 264255

$50,000

$150,000

$250,000

$350,000

$450,000

$550,000

$650,000

$750,000

Cognitive Processes of Learning (2)

Projects Total Funding

2 $697,254

NIMH (2)

$697,254

Neural Processes of Learning (1)

Projects Total Funding

1 $381,822

NIMH (1)

$381,822

Molecular Basis of Learning (1)

Projects Total Funding

1 $288,341

NINDS (1)

$288,341

Molecular Learning (1)

Projects Total Funding

1 $170,402

NINDS (1)

$170,402