nikon_fm.pdf

8/14/2019 nikon_fm.pdf

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http://www.orphancameras.com/http://www.orphancameras.com/


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NOMENCLATUREShut te r peed/ASAelec toring Lens perture i rec t eadoutwindowShutter elease uttonShutter release ingerguard/mode se lec to rNeckstrap yeletDepth-of- f ie ld preview everSelf-t imereverLensmounting lange

Meter oupl ingeverMeter oupl ingever elease

Sync te rmina l ( cove rp rov ided )Lensmoun t ingndex

Lens elease uttonRef lexmir ror

Motordr iveshutter oupl ingMotordr ivecoupl ing

Tripod socketBat te ry hamberid

Motor dr ive electr icalcontactsFi lmrewindbutton M e m o h o l d e r


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Focusing istance ca le Aperture/dstance calendexFocusinging

, Aper tu re ingMeter coupl ing idge

Meter coup l ingshoe

Depth-of-f ieldndicatorsApertu e-drect-readut scale

F i lm ew ind rankF i lm ew ind nobSafety ockF i l m p l a n e n d i c a to rHot-sync hoeHot -shoe on tac tV iewf inder eyep iece

,iit1|l'i{rl l

V.J

Shutter speedse lec to rFramecounter

ASA f i lm speedwindowI Shut te r pera t ionmode ndex

Fi lm-ad ance everMete rON index

ASA i lm speedndexShutterspeed ndex Mult i -exposureut ton


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CONTENTSForeword.Preparationor useInstal l inghe batter iesChecking atterypowerLoadingi lm. .

Prior to shoot ingM em o ho lde rSet t ing he f i lm speed.

Operat ion of camera controls.Set t ing he sh ut ter speed.Set t ing he aperture .F i lm -advanceeve rF ram ecoun te rShut ter operat ion mode selector .Sel f - t imer

U n load ing i lm .Hofd ing the camera . .Shutter release perat ion

Operat ion by cable e le ase.

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Focusinglnfrared hotography. .F i lm-p lanend icator .Depthof f ieldDepth-of- f ieldreviewever.Depth-of- f ieldndicators.Exposure easurement.Determiningegree f exposureExposureontrolMeter ingangeHigh-cont ras tigh t ing . . .Stop-down xposuremeasurementExposure ompensationdjustment . .

Mult iple xposuresFfash ynchronizationTipson camera areMountingand removingensesAccessories.Featues/Specification.

. . . 1 6. . . 1 8. . . 1 8. . . 1 9. . . 1 9

. . . 2 0. . . 2 2. . . 2 2. . . 2 4. . . 2 4. . . 2 5. . . 2 6. . . 2 1

. . . 2 8. . . 2 9. . . 3 0. . . 3 1. . . 3 2. . . 3 4

. 8. 9. 9. 1 0. 1 0. 1 0. 1 1. 1 1

. 1 2. 12. 13. 14. 15. 15

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The Nikon FM is a compact35mm single- lensef lexcamera hat offersa hostof advancedeatures mateurphotographersnd professionalsl ike wil l appreciate.tis designed o acceptvirtually every accessory f theNikon System-the most comprehensivevercreatedorphotography-so t can do virtually everythinghe top-ra tedS LR ' s ando . . . w i t h t ha t u n i q u e r e c i s i o nndrel iabi l i tywhichyou have ome o associatei th Nikon.To get he mostout of this camera, tudy he instructionsin this manualcareful ly,as wel l as those n relatedmanuals, nd pract ice sing hecontrols-beforeoadingthe camerawith film. Keep the manualon hand forready eference nti l you havemastered peration. hefew minutes you spend amiliarizingyourself with thecamerawil l guarantee ou the best esults nd increaseyour pleasuren takingpicturesmany imesover.


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PREPARATIONORUSEI ns ta l l ing he Bat ter iesThe Nikon FM'sbui l t - inexposuremeter s powered ytwo button-cel l ype 1.5V si lver-oxideatter ies. hesearemounted n the battery l ip,which ormsa single ni twith the bat tery chamber's oin-slot ted id, in thecamera's aseplate.o install he batteries,irst unscrewthe l id by turning t counterclockwise,i th a coin orsomething imi lar,unt i l i t can be freely removedbyhand.Then, seat he two batter iesn the batterycl ip,one on top of theother,making ure hat heir espect ivep lus ( * ) and minus ( - ) ind ica t ions or respond i thsimi larmarksprovided n the cl ip.Af ter seat inghe bat-ter iescorrect ly, eplace he l id, and secure he con-nect ionby turning t c lockwise i th the coinas ar as twi l l go. l t is advisableo removehe batter ies, hen hecamera s not to be used or a long period, o preventbat tery eakage i thin the camera;or addit ionalnfor-mationon this, refer o "Tips on CameraCare" n page30.

Checking at teryPowerTo checkbatterypower,move he camera'si lm advancelever rom the f lush to the stand-offposit ionby pull ingi t just far enougho uncoverhe red ndexon top of thecamera. hen, ook through heviewf inder.f anyof theLED ( l igh temi t t ingd iode)exposurend icatorss on,battery power s suff icient or properoperation.Other-wise,check battery seat ing nd make adjustments,fnecessary.hould he LED display t i l l ai l to l ight up,change atteries.lmportant : When the camera is not in use, make sure that thef i lm advance ever s pos i t ioned lush with the camera body. Asthe lever doubles as the meter on/of f swi tch, leav ing i t in thestand-of f pos i t ion wi l l result in the ca mera'sbattery being com-p le te lydra ined n jus t a few days .

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L o a d i n gF i lmFirst , pen he camera ackby sl iding ts safety ock othe earand if t ing he f i lm rewindknobasfaras t wi l lgo. Posit ion he film cartridgeor cassetten the fi lmchamber, hich s ocated n the ef t -hand ide,with thef i lm eader l igned long he f i lm guide ai ls; hen,pushthe ewindknob to hold the cartr idgen place.Pul l hef i lm leaderout suf f ic ient ly or feeding nto the f i lmtake-up pool, nd nsert ts end nto any of the spool 'sslots.Rotate he take-up poolasshown n the l lustrat ionso hat the f i lm passesnder he spoolwith i ts emulsion

side (autt s ide) acingout. Make sure hat the perfo-rat ionsalong the edgesof the f i lm mesh with thesprockets.f necessary,eleasehe shutterby cockingthe shutter elease utton,and stroke he f i lm advancelever lowly o make ure hat he eader inds moothlyon the spooland that the film edgeperforations ngagethe f i lm sprocket ol ler.Whenyou arecertain hat thef i lm is being ed properlyonto the spool- nd ravel ingcorrect lyalong he f i lm guide rai ls,c lose he camerabackby pressingt unt i l t snapsnto place.


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PREPARATIONORUSE- cont inuedPr ior to Shoot ingFold out the f i lm rewind rank, nd urn i t gent ly n thedirect ion f the engraved rrow unt i l you feel a s l ightresistance;his wi l l indicate hat any slack n the f i l rncartr idge asbeen akenup.Then, old the rewind rankinto place.Advance he fi lm (refer to page 11 for f i lm advanceoperat ion), nd make two blank exposures;his wi l ldispose f the ini t ialport ionof the i lm exposed uring

loading.As you advance he f i lm, conf irm that therewindcrank urns n the direct ion pposite he arrow.This ndicateshat he i lm hasbeen oaded roperly ndisbeing dvanced.After advancing he f i lm two frames,check that theframe ounter sat "0"; then,advancehe i lm onemoreframe o preparehe cameraor taking he irst picture.


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Memo Ho lde rA special older sprovided n thecamera ack or con-venient torage f any relevantnformation.You canuseit, for in stance,o hold the end flap of a f i lm carton oremind ou of the ypeof f i lm loadedn the camera,heASA fi lm speedand the total number of exposuresavai lable.

Set t ing the F i lm SpeedThe camera's xposuremeter must be adjusted o thespeed f the f i lm in use o ensure orrectmeasurement.Accordingly, he camera s providedwith an ASA filmspeed cale.To make he necessarydjustment, ift theknurledASA fi lm speed ing, and turn i t unt i l the t r i -angular ed index s al ignedwith the ASA valueof thef i lm loaded n the camera. he meter s sensit ivecrossthe full rangeof from ASA 12 to ASA 3200; herearetwo dots betweeneach number or intermediate SAsett ings,.e. ,64, 80, 125,etc.


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M e m o H o l d e rA special older sprovided n thecamera ack or con-venient torage f any relevantnformation.You canuseit, for instance,o hold the end flap of a f i lm carton oremind ou of the ypeof f i lm loadedn the camera,heASA fi lm speedand the total number of exposuresavai lable.

Set t ing the F i lm SpeedThe camera's xposuremeter must be adjusted o thespeed f the f i lm in use o ensure orrectmeasurement.Accordingly,he camera s providedwith an ASA fi lmspeed cale.To make he necessarydjustment, ift theknurledASA fi lm speed ing, and turn i t unt i l the t r i -angular ed index s al ignedwith the ASA valueof thef i lm loaded n the camera. he meter s sensit ivecrossthe full rangeof from ASA 12 to ASA 32OO;herearetwo dots between achnumber or intermediate SAsett ings,.e. ,64, 80, 125,etc.


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OPERATION F CAMERACONTROLSSet t ing he Shut ter SpeedThe Nikon FM's shutterspeed electors knurled orsl ip-f ree, asiermanipulat ion;he faceof th e dial s en-graved ith the 11 shutter peed et t ings vai lable: foro n esecond ,nd2 , 4 , 8 , 15 , 30 ,6 0 , 1 2 5 , 2 5 0 , 5 0 0 n d1000 or f ract ional alues f f rom 112 o 1/1000th f asecond.A "8" set t ing,also engraved,s provided orlonger ime exposures.To set he shutter peed,urn the shutter peed electorunt i l the desired peeds al ignedwith the shutter peedindex . hespeedelec tedinc lud ingB" ) is shown n theleft-hand ide of the viewfinder, oo, for instant efer-ence.Note hat the125sett ingsengravedn red; his ndicates11125 ec., he fastest hut terspeed vai lableor f lashsynchronizat ion i th electronic lash units. (Refer opage 29 for addit ional information on flash photo-

graphy.)Also, at the "B" set t ing, he shutter emainsopen for as long as the shutter elease utton is keptdepressed.Set t ing the APer tureThe Nikon FM works best with Nikkor lenses. heaperture ingsof these enses re knurled or s l ip-f ree,eas ier an ipu la t ion .To set he lens perture,urn the ens pertureingunt i lthe desired/numberset t ing n the ens perture calesal ignedwith the index mark on the lens; ntermediateset t ings realsousable, hen equired.Note that ,with Nikkor ensesrovided ith anaperture-direct-readoutADR) secondaryensaperture cale,hef/number or the aperture electedppears n the upperport ion of the viewfinderor convenienteference henshoot ing.

ffi


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The i lm-advanceever imultaneouslydvanceshe i lm,cocks he shutter ndoperateshe ramecounter. t alsodoubless he Nikon FM'smeteron/of f switch.To advancehe f i lm, stroke he leverwith your r ightthumb as far as i t wi l l go. This wi l l f ree the lockingdevice ui l t into the shutter, ausing he shutter o bereleasednd the f i lm to be advanced ful l f rame.Thelever utomat ical lyeturns o i ts 30" stand-of f osi t ionwhen eleasedpon hecomplet ion f f i lm advance.The f i lm-advanceever switches he meter on whenmoved o i tsstand-of f osi t ion;t switcheshe meterof fwhenmoved ack lushwith the camera ody.

Each t ime the f i lm is advanced ne frame by a ful lstroke of the fi lm advance ever, he frame counteroperateso showhow many frameshavebeenexposed.It is automatically eset o S (start), wo framesbefore0, when the camera ack s opened o removean ex-posed i lm cartr idge nd/or oada new rol l of f i lm.Theframecounterdial has ndicat ionsor up to a maximumof 36 f rames,with al l odd numbers al ibratedn dotsand al l evennumbersn f igures. he ig ures re n white,except or 12,20 and36 whichappearn red o ind ica tethe maximum umber f exposures vai lable,espect ive-ly, with standardi lm cartr idges.


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OPERATION F CAMERACONTROLS continuedShut ter Operat ion Mode Selec torThe shutter elease ut ton of the Nikon FM is f i t tedwith a fingerguard hat serves s the camera's hutteroperat ionmode selector. he black ine on the f inger-guard,which s knurled or easymanipulat ion,hould eal ignedwith the black ine (white or blackFM camerabodies) n top of the camera ody for normalshutterrelease perat ion.The red l ine on the f ingerguardsal ignedwith the same ine whenmotor dr iveoperat ionwi th the FM'sopt iona lmotordr iveun i t s equ i redseethe nstruct ionmanual or the MD-1 MotorDriveUnitfor detai ls). ote that the f ingerguardoubles sa shut-ler release ock when set for motor drive operationwithouta motordr ivebeingmounted n thecamera.

Se f-T meThe bui l t - insel f - t imer rovides n approximately to14 seconddelay between he t ime the shutter eleasebutton is depressednd the t ime the shutter s actual lyf i red. l t can be usedwith any of the markedshutterspeeds etween /1000and 1 sec.Avoid using he sel f -t imer with the shutter peed ial set o "B" as,on thisset t ing, he shutter wi l l only open momentari ly ndincorrect exposurewi l l invariably esult .To take apictureusing he sel f - t imer,i rst set the aperture ndshutterspeed ontrols, dvancehe f i lm, and cock heself - t imerby turning the sel f - t imereverdownwards.Then, depresshe shutter elease utton and he t imerwi l l start .A unique eature f the FM'sself - t imerever sthat i ts set t ing s "cancel lable."n other words, houldyou decidenot to use he self-timeraftersetting t, yousimply urn i t backupwards nd resume ormal hut tert r ipping operat ion.For cr i t icalc lose-up hotography,the sel f - t imer,n combinat ionwith a t r ipod, s part i -cular ly seful n prevent ingibrat ion.

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UNLOADING ILMAs soonas he framecounter ndicateshat the lastex-posure as beenmade,or when the f i lm advanceevercanno longer e stroked, he rol l of f i lm hasbeen ul lyexposedndcannow be removed.To unload he rol l of f i lm, f i rst pressherewindbuttonon the camera's aseplate;hen,unfold he f i lm rewindcrank nd u rn i t in the direct ion f theengravedrrowwithsmooth, ven ressure. ewind ensionwi l l ceaseoindicate hat the f i lm leader as ef t the take-up pool.Now,open hecamera ackby sl iding ts safety ockand

pu l l i ng up the rew ind knob as f a r as i t w i l l go ; t hen , re -move the f i lm car t r idge.Note that when the f i lm advancelever s st roked for the next exposure wi th the next ro l lo f f i lm) , the rewind but ton wi l l be releasedo engage hef i lm-advancemechanism nce again.Y ou shou ld no t push the rew ind bu t t on du r i ng f i lmadvance operat ion; otherwise, f i lm advance wi l l tem-porar i ly stop and frame-over lapmay resul t . Note, too,that the camera back can be removed rom the body bydepressinghe locking catch on the hinge.


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Camera hakes oneof the mostcommon ausesf blur-red, unsharp ictures, special lyt s low shutter peeds.To prevent his,studyhow to hold hecamera orrect lyand practice teady hutter queezing.Wrap he f ingersof the r ight hand around he camerabody so that the index ingerof you right hand estscomfortablyon the shutter release utton and thethumb fits between he camera ody and the fi lm ad-vance ever.Posit ion he cameran sucha way that theeye looks hrough he centerof the viewf inder. radlethe camerawith your lef t hand or addit ional upport ,us ing he thumband middle inger o grasphe ocus ingring.Thisway, hecam ra sproperly upported ndcaneasi ly e switchedrom horizontalo vert ical hoot ing.

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Correct hut ter eleaseperat ions ust as mportant oobtain ing harp ic tures shold ing hecamera roper ly .To releasehe shutter orrect ly, old hecamera teadi lyanddepresshe shutter eleaseuttonwith smooth, venpressue. Relaxevenwhenyou re in a hurry a qu ck abof the index f inger at the shutter release ut ton wi l lcause amera hake nd esul t n anunintent ional lylur -redphotograph.

The shutter elease ut ton canalsobe tr ippedwith theuse of a cable eleaseot somesimi laraccessory).oattach he cable eleaseo the camera, crew he thread-ed cableconnector nto the mou t prov idedwi th thebut ton. The shut ter s then t r ippedby depress inghecable elease lunger.Cable eleaseperat ionsespecial-ly recommendedor cr i t ica l hoot ing i tuat ions,uch sphotomcrography r t ime exposue, where vibrat ion-free shutter eleases of pr ime importance.

l m po r t an t : l f y ou m oun t t he N i k on F Mon a tripod wi'th a large head, con actbe tween the lens body and the headmay make i t imposs ib le o turn the lensaper tu re r ing . l f t h i s happens , use thespec ia l r ipod adapter ( tupp l ied w i th thecamera) between the t r ipod head andcamerabody .

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When he FM is usedwi th a Nikkor ens i t ted wi th anautom t ic diaphragm,ocusing s doneat ful l aperture.This makes or the br ightest oss ib lemages n thefocus ing creen, nabl ing asy ocus ing nd composing.The focusingscreen tsel fgives ou a choiceof threefocus ing ids:a cent ra l p l i t - imageangef inderpot ,anannuar micropr ism r id and a f ine mat te out f ie ld.

To focus, us ing he sp t- image angef i de spot , tu rn thefocus ing ing o f the ensunt i l the two ha lves f the . range-f inder spot per fec t l y co inc ide , fo rm ing a s ing le ,c r i spimage. o focus w i th the m ic ropr ismgr id , urn the focus-ing r ing unt i l the imageseen hrough the micropr ismpat -te rn appearssharp and c r i sp . Wi th the mat te out f ie ld ,t u rn the r i ng un t i l t he im agev iew ed n the f i e l d appearssh rp .The sp l i t - image angef inder pot i s cons idered he mostsu i t ab le o r p rec i se , i npo in t f ocus ing ,and t he m ic ro -pr i sm gr id for rap id focus ing in spor ts or ac t ion- typephotography. he f ine mat te out f ie ld ,on the other hand,i s idea l o r use w i th te lephoto enses r in c lose-upandmacroph tography.You can a lso pre focus he lens w i th the use of the d is -tance sca leengraved n both metersand fee t on, the ensba r re l .S im p l y tu rn the f ocus ing ing un t i l t he m easuredor es t imatedcamera- to-sujec t d is tance s l i ned u p w i ththe d is tance sca le ndex on the lens bar re l . Th is tech-n ique is usefu l or p ic tu e- tak ing i tua t ionswheree i therthe sub jec t s e lus i veo r t im e doesno t pe rm i t t h rough-thelens ocus ing.


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Ou of focu l n f ocus


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FOCUSING cont inuedI n f rared PhotographyThe plane f sharpestocus or infrared ight s s l ight lyfartheraway han tscounterpartor v is ibleightasseenthrough hecamera'siewf inder. o compensateor this,f i rst focus the imagesharply hrough he viewf inder.Then, uin the focusing ing counterclockwisent i l thepoint focused s al ignedwith the red dot (or l ine)pro-v idedon the lensbar re l .For example ,n the p ic turebelow, he ens asbeen ocusedor inf ini ty (-) infraredshoot ing.Note that when enses ith a focal engthof50mm or lessare usedstopped-downo f/8 or below,compensations not necessaryue to the large epthoff ieldavai lable.There re omeNikkor enseshat do not require efocus-ing for infraredphotography;efer o their nstruct ionmanualsor detai ls.

F i l m - P l a n e n d i c a t o rTo ensure the best results n critical picture-takingsi tuat ions, uchas close-up r copy photography,t isnecessaryo determine he exactsubject- to-f i lm-planedistance. he Nikon FM is thus providedwith a f i lmp lane nd icator * ) ; th is s pos i t ioned xac t ly n thef i lm plane,which is 46.5mm rom the front surface fthe ensmount ing lange.

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Whenyou focus on your subiect, ou wil l f ind that notl r only s he subjecttself n focusbut that obiects oth nl l f rontof andbehind t appearo be n focus.This"zone"u of focus scal led depthof f ie ld. "f l Depthof f ield is not a f ixed quant i ty. t var ies y lens,' '

dependingon both the su ject 's distance rom theiH:i:?',i , fil'" '? ' 'Ji:i, #ii,.1nJ;apparent epth of f ie ld, i .e . , he longer he lens, heshallowerhe depthof f ield appearso be,and viceversa.ln the samemanner,he wider he tak ingapertue (i . . . ,the lower he /stop number), he shal lowerhe depthoff ield,andviceversa. lso, he closer ou approach oursubject , he shal lowerhe depth of f ield becomes,ndviceversa. n al l cases, ou wi l l f ind that the depth off ield behind he subject s larger han that in f ront ; thisenableselect ivelurr ing f the backgroundlementsfthe picture, techniquemost of tenusedby thecreat ivephotographer.Most of the N kkor lenses ou wi l l f ind yoursel f s ingwith the N kon FM are "automat ic. This means hatthe aperture iaphragm f the lens s kept open at i tswidest et t ingwhi leyou areviewing,ocusing ndmeter-ing .When you press he shut ter e lease u t ton, hecamera's echanism utomat ical lys topsdown ( i .e. ,ctoses he lens apertue) the lens to the apertureatwhich t is set.

To examinehe depthof f ie ldbefore ak ing pic ture, i tis necessaryo stopdown he ensmanual ly. ou candothis by exer t ing l ight ingerpressuren the FM'scon-venient ly i tuated epth-of- f ieldreviewever. ssumingthat the lens s set to an aperture ther than its maxi-mum, gent lepressure n the leverwi l l s top down thelens o that aperture. ou wi l l then be able o see heelementsn front of and behind he mainsu ject hatwi l l appear n sharp ocus in the actualphotograph-al though omeof them may haveappeared ot to be nfocus prior to pressinghe lever.A sideeffect of thispicture-takingrocesss he "darkening" f the magenthe viewf inder the higher he f lnumber, he "darker"the imageappears)th is is normaland shouldbe nocau e or con ern

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DEPTHOF FIELD-cont inuedDepth-of-Field I ndicatorsThe Nikkor lens'depth-of- f ieldndicators ome n theform of the three scalesit ted on the lens barrel.Thef irst s the lensaperture cale, i th the /numbers olor-coded.The second onsists f two setsof colored ines,the colorscorrespondingo the colorsof the f/numbers.The third is the focusing calewhich is cal ibratednmeters nd eet.To determinedepth of f ield, note the color of the f/number n use.The depthof f ieldat the akingapertureis indicated y the numbers n the focusing calewhichareadjacento the colored ines hat correspondo thecolorof the /numberset.ExampleTakingaperture: 116Color :B lueFocusingistance: mln the example bove, he farthestpoint of sharp ocusbehind hesubjects nf ini ty -) ; this is he igureon thefocusing calewhich s adjacento the blue ine on thesecond cale, hich n turn correspondso thebluecolorof the f /16 sett ing. he closest oint of sharp ocus s2.7m, although his number does not appear n thefocusingscale.Note that for exact depth-of-f ield etermination, oushould efer to the depth-of-f ieldables n the instruc-t ion manual or the Nikkor ens n use.20

Lensset a t f l 4 : Sha l lowdepth o f f ie ld centered nthe main sub jec t .


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IlELensat f /8: Depth of f ieldex tended n f ron t o f /beh indthe main sub iec t .

Lensat f / 1 6 : Sharp ocusis ex tended o encompassthe en t i re o regroundandbackgrou d .


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EXPOSUREEASUREMENTThe Nikon FM'sbui l t - in xposure eterut i l izes ikon'sproven center-weightedhrough-the-lens eteringsys-tem which is cross-coupledith both the shutterspeedcontrol of the cameraand the aperturecontrol of thelensmountedon the camera. he meter reads he in-tensi tyof the l ight coming hrough he lensover theentire focusingscreenat ful l aperturebut favors thecentral 12mm-diameter reaoutl ined on the screen-al lowing you to make precise eadings nd makingfor overall alanced xposures.

* oo Overexposure y more than 1 stopf aO o Overexposurey 1/5 to 1 stop+O o Correct xposure-rO o- a

Underexposurev 1/5 to 1 stop+o- a

Underexposrr re y more than 1 stop

Determining Degreeof ExposureThe viewf inderhas three exposure ndicators is iblewithin the viewf ield: for overexposure,for correctexposureand for underexposure.hese ndicatorshave or respond ingED'swhich igh tup when he i lmadvanceever s moved o its 30" stand-offposit ion;asyou can see n the charton the left, thereare ive com-binat ions ossible. lso ncludednsideheviewf inder saids to exposure eterminat ion re the shutterspeedselected nd the lensaperture et t ing.With non-Al ypelenses, he lensaperture s not v is ible.To determinecorrect exposure, irst switch the meter on by movingthe fi lm advanceever o its stand-offposit ion.One ortwo of the LED'swi l l l ight up oppositehecorrespond-ing exposurendicatorf to showyou the precise egreeof exposure.f the + indicator ED l ightsuP, ncreasethe shutterspeed r decreaseheaperture-orviceversa-unt i l t he o ind ica tor ED l igh ts p and he + ind ica torLED turnsoff ; the procedures hesamef the - indica-tor LED ights p a lone r w i th heo ind ica tor ED.I t i s normal lymposs ib leor a l l t h reeLED's o l igh tupat the same ime, or for the+ indicator ED and indi -catorLED to l igh tup simultaneously.he except ionothis s whenphotographingtelevis ioncreen. he rapid-ly scanning pot pat tern hat produceshe TV pictureresults n a cycl ic ef fect hat causes l l threeLED's ol ightup when he exposure et t ingscorrect .


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EXPOSURE EASUREMENTcontinuedExposure ControlTheamountof l ight eachinghe i lm planes determinedby a combinat ion f the shutter peed nd he ens per-ture. Since the two are interrelated, if ferent combi-nat ionswi l l give he same egree f exposure. 1-stepchangen shutterspeed, r a 1-stop hangen aperturesett ing,wi l l ei ther halveor double he degree f ex-posure. or example, shutter peed f 11125 ec. etsin twice as much ight as a set t ingof 11250 ec. , ndonly hal f as much l ight at a speed f 1160 ec.; or anaperture et t ing f f 111,wiceasmuch ightas 116, ndhalfasmuchas 18,s et n.Thus, f the correct xposurefor a part icular icture-takingi tuat ion s 11125 tf 111,then 1 6O at f 116 r 11250 t f18wi l l beequal ly ccept-able. The fol lowing able i l iustrateshe interrelat ion-ship betweenshutterspeedand aperturewe have ustdescribed.Shut terspeed

(second) 1 10oo 1is00 l 2so 1112s 1160Apertu e fl4 f ls .6 f l 8 f 111 f 116

The "best" combinat ion i l l depend n the results ouwant. Use ast shutterspeeds o "freeze" motion; useslow speedso producea del iberate lur. Also, smal lapertures ive greaterdepth of f ield, while largeaper-tures estrictsharp ocus o the mainsubject.Makeyourchoice ccordingly.24

Metering Rangelf the central xposurendicatorLED (o) fai ls o l ightup,even fteral l possibleens perture ndshutter peedcombinat ionsavebeen r ied, hen he avai lableight sei ther oo brightor too dim for the meter 'sange.n thiscase, ou can eitheruseart if icial ight (suchasan elec-t ronic f lash unit ) to increase ubject l luminat ionormounta neutral ensi ty i l teron the ens o decreaseheamountof l ight eachinghe i lm.Remember, oo, that the lens in use is an equal lyimportant actor to consider.For example, 50mmf 11.4ens wi thASA 100 i lm)coup lesrom EV 1 ( f 11.4at 1 sec . ) o EV 18 (f 116 t 111000 ec. ) ,mak ing tsui table or low-l ight- levelicture-takingi tuat ions; nthe o therhand, 135mm 12.8 lens roves ore u i tab lefor br ight- l ight hoot ing, oupl ing with ASA 100 i lm)from EV 3 (f12.8at 1 sec.) o EV 20 (f132at 111000).Thus, choose he lens careful ly o match he exist ingl igh t ing ond i t ions .


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H gh-Contrastight ingWhen here s a substantiali f ferencen brightnessbetweenhe main subject nd he background,eeming-ly unimportant r ightspots r dark spots an adverselyinf luencehe f inder reading nd th us af fect he actualexposue.To compensateor an excessivelyr ight or dark)back-ground, arget he main subject n the center of thefocusing creen,hen performmetering i .e. ,determinethedegree f expo sure ou want) by making he neces-sary shutter speed andlor lens apertureadjustments.

Af ter complet inghisprocedure, ake our inalpicturecomposit ion ndshodtwithout eadjust ingeitherhutterspeedor lens aperture.Whenshoot ing andscapes,orexample,t isof tenadvisableo aimyour camera l ight lydownwardswhi lemeteringo el iminatehe ef fects f abright expanse i.e. , he sky); without such compen-sat ion, he landscape ay appear nderexposedn thef inalpr int .Also, or backl i t ubjects, i tmay e necessaryto movecloser o ensure roperexposuremeasurement.E

. For correctexposure,i rst measurehe mainsubject ;then, ecomposendshoot. 25o Meteringwith a br ightarea n the centerwi l lunderexposuref the mainsubject . cause

STOP.DOWNEXPOSUREEASUREMENT


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The vastselect ion f lenses vai lableor usewith yourNikon FM includes omewhich are i t ted neitherwithan automat icdiaphragmnor a meter coupl ing idge,both of which are essent ialo ful l -aperture xposuremeasurement.he FM works evenwith such enses,through an alternat ivemethod cal led "stop-down"exposuremeasurement. ote that when this type oflens s usedwith the camera,he metercoupl ing evershouldbe raised nd ockedup out of waymanual ly ydepressingnd holding he coupl ingever eleaseutton;to avoidaccidental amage,makesureyou do not useexcessiveorcewhen aising p the ever.This is how stop-down xposuremeasurements per-formed.After you'vecomposed our picture,move hefi lm advanceever o its stand-off osit ionandpresshecamera's epth-of- f ield review ever. Keep the leverpressed,nd adjustei ther he shutter peed ial or thelensaperture ing (or both)-unt i l the correctexposureindicator o) LED lightsup. Then, eleasehe leverandshoot.I t is advisable,t al l t imes, o refer o the instruct ionmanualof the lens n us'e-especial lyf i t is a f ixed-aperture ens (e.g. ,Ref lex-Nikkor) r one requir ingfocus ing n i t (e .g . ,N ikkor 1200mm /11) -when per -forming stop-downexposuremeasurement.he sameappl ieswhen bel lows nits,extension ings, resetens(e.g. , C-Nikkor), tc.are sedwith the FM.2 6

'* j$ ''

EXPOSUREOMPENSATION DIUSTMENT


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"Correct xposure" s not an absoJutealue. t dependson the characteristicsf the metering system, he filmin useand he subject . hus,al l f i lm and cameramanu-facturers alibrate heir meters, sing he correct endi-t ion of skin tonesas he standard r most represent ativeof thevastmajorityof shooting ubjects.For some special ized ubject-and-f i lmombinat ions,however, hese meter calibrat ions equire some com-pensationo be made n order to ensurecorrect ex-posure. he fol lowing able ists he correct ionsequiredfor thesecombinations.Note that the corrections relisted n termsof exposure alue, r EV. A change f +1EV, for instance, an be achieved y moving he lensaperture ing by one stop,or the shutterspeed ial byone shutterspeed ndication i.e.,a change rom f12 tof12.8 represents changeof +1 EV, and a changeofshutter peedsrom 1 60 to 1 30 representschange f-1 EV).

XRepro-copying & sl de-copying

Photo-m crography&WcolorphotoLetters or figureso nl ight background

Let ters or f igureso ndark backgroundPanchromat icf i lmfor general use

Nocompensat ionneceSsary +"1/2 stops -/2 stop I stop

For very specializedapplication, consult both theinstruction manual of the accessory n use and thetechnical iteratureprovidedby the fi lm manufacturer.Also, you wil l f ind the special 8% reflect ive raycardavai lablerom Nikon and major i lm companies spe-cial lyuseful or copying ndgeneral tudiowork.

r#if


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Intent ionalmul t ip leexposure two or more exposureson the same rame) or creative ffectsareeasywith theFM. Fi rs t ,make the in i t ia l exposure. hen, s l ide hemul t i -exposureut ton as far as i t wi l l go, and hold i twh le you stro e the f i lm-advanceever; epeath sp o-cedureor eachaddit ional xposure n the same rame.when you have achieved he desirednumberof ex-posuresn thesamerame, eleasehe buttonandstrokethe f i lm advance everonce more. Note that dur ingmul t ip leexposure perat ion, oth the camera'shut terspeed nd the ens perture anbe reelychangedo anyset t ing; lso, he f ramecounterwi l l remainat the sameset t ingunt i l the mul t i -exposureut ton is re leased-aconvenient ay of conf i rming hat mul t ip leexposureoperat ions proceedng proper ly .

2 8


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Flash hotography ith the FM is easy. he camerasdesignedo synch onizewith electronic lashat speedsup o 11125 ec.You canuse ts hot-sync hoe o mountany SO-type lect roniclashuni t or speedl ighti rect lyonto the camera. or off-cameralashphotography',rwhenusinga non- lSO-typepeedl ight ,ou wi l l needsync ord to connect he unit to the camera'shreadedsync erm nalF a s h u b S h u t t e r s p e e d (sec . )1 / 1 o o o1 / s o o1 l 2 s o t l 1 2 s l 1 l 6 0 l t l 3 o1 1 1 s1 1 8 1 1 4 112 1 B

S p e e di g h

TIPSON CAMERACARE


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Tough and durab le hough your N ikon FM is , t i s a prec is ionopt ical instrument, and carelessor rough handl ing can causei r reparabledamage. Observe he fo l lowing t ips , and the camerawi l l a lways work as perfect ly as he day you bought i t .* Remember hat the camera's ont ro ls are des igned o operatew i th a m in imum of pressure . f you f ind yourse l f exer t ingext ra force, take i t as a warning that you' re doing somethingwrong.o Keep a l l l ensand pr ism sur faces ree f rom dus t ,d i r t and f in -gerpr in t s . hesenot on ly impa i r v iew ing- they a lsogenera l l yresul t in a deter iorat ion of opt ical per formance.Cleansuchsur facesei ther wi th a b lower- type brush or with lens t issuemoistened wi th absolutealcohol . Never use ens issuedry- i tw i l l sc ra tch he lens . I n genera l ,avo id us ingc lean ing lu idsand lens i ssueconta in ings i l i cone i .e . ,eyeg lassissue) .o When load ing or un load ing i lm , ensure hat t he in te r io r o fthe camerabody i s f ree of dus t , g r i t o r ch ips o f f i lm . Useablower brush to remove such foreign art ic les. Avoid touch-ing a l l in ternal surfaces,par t icular ly the shut ter mechanismand f i lm pressure late.o When mount ing or removing enses,prevent he ent ry of for-eign matter, and take extra care not to damage the rear por-t ion of the lens. Usea blower- type brush o do your c leaning.o Use the c leaningc loth to c lean the external surfacesof thecamerabody .o l f condensat ionshould form on the lens surfaces i.e. , whenthe camera is exposed o sudden temperaturechanges r toh igh humid i t y ) , d ry the camera thorough ly a t room tem-perature without us ing anything before stor ing i t in a cool ,d ry p lace .r Shou ld you drop the cameraacc identa l l y n the f loor o r inwater , ake t t o an author i zedN ikon dea ler r serv ice ac i l i t yfor serv ic ing m mediate ly .

30

I t i s bes t t o s to re the camera n a caseor someth ing im i la rwhen you ' re not us ing t . I n t h i s case,makesure he camera 'sshut te r or se l f - t imer s no t cocked;a lso ,don ' t l eave i lm inthe camera f i t i s o be s to red o r a long per iodo f t ime.Do not lubr icate any par t of the camera yourself ; a l l suchwork shou ld be le f t t o an au thor i zedN ikon dea ler r serv icefac i l i t y .I t is good pract ice o test your camera or proper operat ionbefore proceding o your shoot ing ass ignment .Observe normal bat tery handl ing procedures o ensureyourcamera de l i versmax imum per fo rmanceat a l l t imes : (1 ) In -s ta l l ba t te r ies o r rec t l y ; 2 ) c lean hem per iod ica l l yw i th a d ryc loth; (3) remove bat ter ies when the camera s s tored for along per iod of t ime; (4) store unused batteries n a cool , dryplace; 5) changeweak bat ter iesprompt ly to prevent eakagewi th in the camera. Also, disposeof used bat ter iesproper ly( i . e . , hey shou ld neverbe burn t ) , and keep hem out o f thereach of chi ldren. For detai ls on bat tery per formance bybrand, refer to the l i terature avai lable rom the manufacturer.

MOUNTING ND REMOVING ENSES


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To mount a lens itted with a metercoupling idge, irstmake ure hat the camera's etercoupl ing ever s inthenormalposit ion i .e. , t protrudesrom the camera'slensmount ing lange). osi t ion he lens n the f lange othat he mount ing ndexon the lens s al ignedwith themount ing ndex on the camera ody. Then, twist thelens ounterclockwisent i l t c l icks nd ocks nto place.The ens'maximum pertures automat ical lyndexed othecamera's eterassoonas t ismounted.

To mount a lensnot f i t ted with a metercoupling idge,f i rst makesure hat the camera's eter oupl ingever slockedup out of the way by pushing hecoupl ingeverrelease nd manual ly i f t ing the lever up. Mount ingprocedures he same sdescribedreviously. ememberthat stop-down xposuremeasurements required orlenses f this ype (see age 6).To remove he ens rom thecamera ody,presshe ensrelease ut ton and keep t depressedhi le wist ing helens lockwise s ar as t wi l l go.Li f t the ens ut whenit comesoose.Note : The Nikon F isheye mm f /5 .6 and OP 10mm f /5 .6 cannotbe usedwi th the N ikon FM, becausehe camera oesnot haveaprov is ion or lock ing he mi r ro r in t he "up" pos i t i on .


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The N ikon FM ' sow n com pac tm o to r d r i ve .H andsom e lyf i n i shed in b l ack and du rab l y cons t ruc ted , he M D -11a t taches o the FM in seconds , equ i r i ngabso lu te l ynomodi f icat ion or specia ladjustment of the camerabody.C on t i nuousand s ing le ram e opera t i onava i l ab le , i t h amaximum shoot ing speedof 3.5 f ramesper second rom11125 sec . t o 1 / . 1000sec . F i r i ng speed au tom at i ca l l yadjusted as shut ter speed is adjusted. Bui l t - in bat terypack contr ibutes to overal l reduced size and weight .Fi t ted wi th remote contro l socket for use wi th N ikonremote contro l accessor ies uch as the MT- l Intervalo-meter and the MW-1 Radio RemoteContro l Set .

) l


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tlCameraCasesRecommendedDifferentsizeslenses.

for storing camera body and lenses.avai lableo accommodate ost Nikkor

nsHoodsmmended o prevent xtraneousight rom str ik ingthe lens and causing lare and ghost;also useful orprotect inghe lens.Al l k inds of models o match al lk inds f N ikkor enses .

FiltersA wideselection f sizes nd ypes o meet he needs fcolor or black-and-white hotography.These f i l tersworkbestwith Nikkor enses,ndviceversa. lsousefulfor protectinghe front port ionof the ens.

3 3


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riffi weisung. Vergleichen Sie auch die Ab-


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AI t-tt)t 9la v > /tt E & = a h ). . * 74( :R t )2 f i 6 t t CJ . 'Y , t h ) / z f r 7< a>gH =tigm v z - (*ffi8 nR a +FL -L-ff -tr;t[qB t/= ti a ( ta u'" ;=$iE(l{F fi H, J*& :EFR( 11AL \OIMPORTANTBe sure to lock up the camera'sbui l t - inmeter coupl ing ever (see l lust rat ionsatthe back) before you mount a lens oraccessory not fitted with a meter cou-pl ing r idge on i t . Refer to the camera'sinst ruct ionmanual or detai ls .ACHTUNGVor Aufsetzen des Objecktivs oderZubehors ohne Blendenmitnehmer f i . i rAl , zunichst Blendenmitnehmerkamera-sei t ig) sperren. Fi i r Einzelhei ten ver-weisen wir Sie auf die Gebrauchsan-

bi ldungenauf der Riickseite.TRES MPORTANTNe manquez pas de verroui l ler e lev ierde couplage photomdtr ique en haut ,comme il lustrd au verso, avant demonter l 'objectif ou accessoire sansindex de couplage photom6tr ique in-terne. Reportez-vousau mode d'emploipour plu9. e d6tai ls .PRECAUCIONMPORTANTEAseg0resede fi jar arr iba la palanca deacoplamiento al exposimetro (vdase asi lust racionesatrds) antes de montar elobjetivo o accesorioque no t ienen pro-tuberanciade acoplamiento.Consul teelmanual de instrucciones para mayoresdetal les.


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Nikorl

Printed n Japan (80.2.JOl '&-12

IMPORTANT on


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The camerabody you have purchaseds packagedseparatelyrom the lens.Beforemounting he lens,check f i t is capable f AutomaticMaximumAper-ture Indexing Al) operat ion i th your camera odyby ver i fy inghat the lens' perture ing s it tedwitha meter oupl ingidge s l lustratedo the r ight.Notethat the (tAi" mark on the coverof the instruct ionsheetprovidedwith Al Nikkor lensess your assur-ance hat the ens ffers he Al feature.l f the lens s i t tedwith he meter oupl ingidge,t isful ly capable f ful l -aperturexposure easurementand automaticmaximum perturendexing;o attachit to thecamera,ol low hedirect ionsrovidedn thefensmounting ection f the camera ody nstructionmanual .l f the lens s.non-Al,stop-down xposuremeasure-ment is requiredwith the camera ody'smeter ou-pl ing ever ocked p; to lockup the ever,ol low hedirect ionsn the stop-down xposuremeasurementsect ion f the camera ody nstruct ign anual. henattach he lensaccordingo the nstructions ro'i, idedin the ensmount ing ect ion.Note: The modi f icat ionat reasonableost of most non-AlNikkor lenseshaving both an automat icd iaphragmandmeter coupl ingprong is avai lab le or the convenience fNikkor lensusers. or fur ther in format ionconcern ingensmodi f i cat ion,p lease ontact your local author izedNikondealer . Pr i n ted n Japan 79.1 .EO)

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